JPH03175951A - Insoluble edible fiber and same fiber-containing food - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To obtain the subject insoluble edible fiber having a nutrition effect of a water soluble edible fiber in combination with that of the insoluble edible fiber and the subject same fiber-containing foods by making the solubilization ratio of the insoluble edible fiber derived from grain husk >=30wt.% using hemicellulase. CONSTITUTION:The solubilization ratio of an insoluble edible fiber derived from corn husk, wheat husk, rice husk, soybean husk, etc., is adjusted to >=30wt.%, preferably 30-55wt.% based on the weight of the above-mentioned insoluble edible fiber using hemicellulase so as to obtain the objective insoluble edible fiber of a dried state or a fine powder state preferably. The resultant insoluble edible fiber is added to various beverages, instant soups, baked cakes, etc.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to insoluble dietary fibers that have both the nutritional effects of water-soluble and insoluble dietary fibers, and foods containing the same.

BACKGROUND ART In recent years, dietary fiber has attracted attention as a health food. Dietary fiber is contained in large amounts in the husk of grains, and since the dietary fiber contained in the husk of grains is originally insoluble fiber, it has effects such as improving bowel movements and preventing colorectal cancer. There is.

In addition, water-soluble dietary fiber extracted from grain hulls is known to have an effect of lowering crushed cholesterol and an effect of promoting the growth of beneficial bacteria in the intestines.

Examples of insoluble dietary fibers collected from grain husks include those disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 17674/1983. By pulverizing the grain husks, the fibers are made finer and the texture is improved. At the same time, the surface area is increased and the fibrous material is exposed on the particle surface. In addition, water-soluble dietary fiber (hemicellulose 2) extracted from grain hulls
J-1a L+ ml 41-1'? ir'jll
There is one shown in 1T1aAQQ003 publication.

[Problems to be Solved by the Invention] In the method disclosed in the above-mentioned Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 63-17674, grain husks are crushed to make the fibers finer, improve the texture, and increase the surface area. As a dietary fiber, it remains an insoluble dietary fiber and only exhibits the effect as an insoluble dietary fiber.

Moreover, in the one shown in Japanese Patent Application Laid-open No. 61-62303,
Only water-soluble dietary fiber is extracted, and the effects of insoluble dietary fiber, such as improving bowel movements, cannot be expected.

Therefore, in the present invention, we have combined the properties of grain hulls as insoluble dietary fibers and water-soluble dietary fibers. It has the serum cholesterol-lowering effect of dietary fiber, and is useful in preventing not only constipation but also various adverse effects such as hyperlipidemia caused by a Western diet.Furthermore, it is insoluble and cannot be added to various foods. The purpose of the present invention is to provide insoluble dietary fiber easily derived from cereal husks and foods containing the same.

1. Means for Solving Problem 1] What achieves the above object is an insoluble dietary fiber derived from the outer hull of cereals, which has a solubilization rate by hemicellulase of 30% by weight or more of the weight of the insoluble dietary fiber. It is.

The grain husk is, for example, corn husk,
Either wheat hull, rice hull, or soybean hull. Further, it is preferable that the dietary fiber is in a dry state.

Furthermore, it is preferable that the dietary fiber is in the form of fine particles.

Moreover, what achieves the above object is an insoluble dietary fiber-containing food containing the above-mentioned insoluble dietary fiber as an active ingredient.

Therefore, the dietary fiber derived from cereal hulls of the present invention will be explained.

The insoluble dietary fiber of the present invention is an insoluble dietary fiber derived from cereal hulls, and the solubilization rate by hemicellulase is 30% by weight or more of the weight of the insoluble dietary fiber.

In the present invention, "cereal husk" refers to corn, wheat,
It refers to the outer husk of seeds such as rice and soybeans, the so-called "bran" part, and includes the outer husks of cereals of the Poaceae, Fabaceae, and Polygonaceae families.

Grain hulls are originally insoluble fibers, and contain large amounts of cellulose, which is a highly insoluble fiber component, and hemicellulose, which is a relatively hydrophilic fiber component that can be solubilized.

Moreover, "insoluble fiber" in the present invention refers to fibers contained in the residual fraction when a dietary fiber food is suspended in water and centrifuged (1009 for 10 minutes). The weight of dietary fiber in the insoluble fraction was determined by the enzymatic gravimetric method (LG, Yasp et al. 83, J, Food Chem, 31.476).
It is quantified by

Hemicellulase is a dietary fiber-degrading enzyme that hydrolyzes hemicellulose components in grain hulls as a substrate. A product manufactured by Saisei Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. with a hemicellulase solubilization rate is used. Although human digestive juices do not contain dietary fiber-degrading enzymes, certain types of intestinal tissue that coexist in the large intestine have cellulase and hemicellulase activities.

However, insoluble dietary fiber obtained by simply crushing grain hulls remains completely insoluble and has an extremely low rate of solubilization by hemicellulase. The insoluble dietary fiber of the present invention is in an insoluble state and is catalyzed by hemicerase.
Although the chemical theory behind having a solubilization rate of % by weight or more is not necessarily clear, it is presumed as follows. In the case of insoluble dietary fiber obtained by simply crushing grain husks, it is assumed that hemicellulose is incorporated into the insoluble dietary fiber cellulose or is strongly fixed, whereas the dietary fiber of the present invention In this case, by exposing hemicellulose on the surface of cellulose, which is an insoluble dietary fiber, 30%
Those with a solubilization rate of % by weight or more and Hb ; nil
7 4-I ヱ - Elementary School
Even though Kugi T is insoluble dietary fiber derived from grain hulls, the solubilization rate by hemicellulase is 30% or more of the weight of insoluble dietary fiber, and it is a dietary fiber degrading enzyme. Because it is susceptible to the action of hemicellulase, which is a type of fiber, it is easily solubilized by hemicellulase produced by intestinal bacteria in the electrified tube, and exerts a cholesterol-lowering effect similar to water-soluble fiber. If the solubilization rate by hemicellulase is less than 30% by weight of the insoluble dietary fiber, it will not exhibit sufficient cholesterol-lowering effect. In the present invention, the "solubilization rate by hemicellulase" refers to the insoluble fibers incubated with the enzyme for 15 hours (p1145.40'C enzyme/substrate ratio, 10%).
After that, it is determined by the carbohydrates contained in the supernatant fraction (determined by the phenol/sulfuric acid method) by centrifugation, or by the decrease in solid weight of the remaining fraction.

The solubilization rate of the insoluble dietary fiber of the present invention by hemicellulase is 30% by weight or more, preferably 30% to 55% by weight, and conversely 60% by weight or less, preferably 30 to 60% by weight. % by weight of completely insoluble components (cellulose components). Therefore, the insoluble dietary fiber of the present invention exhibits the effect of improving bowel movement as an insoluble dietary fiber. The dietary fiber of the present invention is more susceptible to the enzymatic action of hemicellulase than mere grain hull powder, and this indicates that although the hemicellulose in the food of the present invention is bound to insoluble particles. First, it has been shown that it has properties and effects similar to water-soluble fibers. Further, the insoluble dietary fiber of the present invention is preferably in the form of fine particles that can be easily added to foods. The degree of fine particles is preferably 100 μm or less, more preferably 50 μm or less. In addition, the insoluble dietary fiber of the present invention may be a turbid substance in an aqueous liquid such as water, but in order to make it easy to add it to food,
It is preferable that it be dried. Even in a dry state, the solubilization rate by hemicellulase needs to be 30% or more of the weight of insoluble dietary fiber.

Further, the insoluble dietary fiber of the present invention preferably has a specific volume in water and a settling volume in water of 20 mQ or more per 1 g of insoluble fiber. The larger the water volume is, the higher the water content, that is, the water retention capacity of the food it4 is. In particular, it is preferable that the specific volume in water is 2 oysQ/q or more, since a smooth texture can be obtained. Further, depending on the drying conditions for drying the insoluble dietary fiber of the present invention, the water retention property may be reduced. Therefore, a drop in water retention during drying may be prevented by adding sugars such as sugar, dextrin, glucose, or foods containing sugars such as milk. Moreover, when using freeze drying, spray drying, etc. as a drying method, for example, a dried product with high water retention can be obtained without using sugars as described above. In the present invention, "submerged volume" means 50% of fibrous material (1g as solid content) in distilled water.
The figure shows the volume of tiger starch after suspending it in a cape, deaerating it, transferring it to a graduated cylinder, adding a sufficient amount of water, and setting it up overnight to reach moisture equilibrium.

The insoluble dietary fiber of the present invention is added to, for example, various beverages (for example, 'tR?m drinking water, cocoa drink), instant soup, baked goods, and the like. Additives vary depending on the food in question, but in general, it is
It is preferably about 1 to 90%.

Next, a method for producing the insoluble dietary fiber of the present invention will be explained.

Grain hulls, such as corn hulls, are wet-milled using a colloid mill, shed mill, etc. to a particle size of 2° to 40 μm, and then soluble fractions containing starch and the like are removed by centrifugation, and insoluble fibers are separated. Then, some of the obtained insoluble fibers are treated with acidic solution such as distilled water or citric acid solution.
Add s 1ffl, wi fibrous solids content is 5-30%
, preferably 10 to 25%, and the overnight pH is 22.
-4, preferably 25-35. For example, using an autoclave, 11.
(1-15oC, preferably 5-6 at 120-140oC)
After heating for 0 minutes, preferably 20-40 minutes, it is cooled to room temperature and neutralized using, for example, sodium hydroxide. Subsequently, in order to remove soluble fibers, centrifugal washing is performed 1 to 5 times with distilled water to bring the solid content concentration to 20 to 50% by weight. Then, the solid content is dried by, for example, freeze drying, vacuum drying, fluidized bed drying, spray drying, flash drying, etc., and then the dried product is pulverized with, for example, a coffee mill, so that the present invention is in a dry state. of dietary fiber.

In addition, before drying the solid content, 1 to 4 parts of carbohydrates such as powdered dextrin and glucose are added to the suspension containing the solid content in a suspended state per 1 part by weight of the solid content. It may be kneaded to dissolve carbohydrates and then dried. By doing so, the modified state of the dietary fiber modified by the above treatment can be made more stable.

Next, the insoluble dietary fiber of the present invention and the insoluble dietary fiber of a comparative example will be explained.

(Examples 1 to 6.20) Dry corn husk powder with a particle size of 0.5 mm or less was suspended in water to give a solid content concentration of 10%, and ground to an average particle size of 40 μm using a wet grinder.

This was centrifuged to separate insoluble fibers.

Water and citric acid were added to the washed insoluble fibers to prepare a dispersion in which the fibers were redispersed with a fibrous solid content of 5%. Also, should I add citric acid? By changing the agricultural degree, the pH shown in Table 1
1 suspension was prepared. Then, after heating these suspensions at 120°C for 30 minutes, each product was inspected.
Neutralized to pH 7 with sodium hydroxide. Then, the suspension obtained as described above is centrifuged to separate insoluble fibers, 10 times the amount of water is added to this, and centrifuged again (
5000G, 30 minutes). The solids content after centrifugation was approximately 25% in each case. Then, it was dried using a freeze dryer, and the dried product was ground using a coffee mill to obtain insoluble dietary fiber powders (Examples 1 to 6.20) of the present invention. Then, after suspending the insoluble dietary fiber dry powders of Examples 1 to 6 and 20 in water, hemicellulase was added and the solubilization rates measured were as shown in Table 1.

The hemicellulase solubilization rate can be measured by the following method.

As the hemicellulase, for example, hemicellulase M is used, and after incubating insoluble dietary fiber in the presence and absence of hemicellulase M, the insoluble solid content is removed by centrifugation, dried, and the dry weight is The difference in sugar content can be determined as a hemicellulase soluble fraction, or alternatively, after incubation in the same manner as above, centrifugation is performed, and the sugar content in the stage is measured by the phenol-sulfuric acid method. As a reference material for quantitative determination,
For example, glucose can be used), and the weight of the insoluble fiber is measured by an enzyme gravimetric method, and the hemicellulase solubilization rate is calculated from the following formula.

Calculation of hemicellulase solubilization rate in the following Examples and Comparative Examples was performed by incubating insoluble dietary fiber in the presence and absence of hemicellulase M for 15 hours (pH 4, 5, 40°C) using hemicellulase M. , enzyme/substrate ratio = lO:1)L. After that, the insoluble solid content was removed by centrifugation and dried. The difference in dry weight was taken as the hemicellulase soluble fraction, and the weight of the insoluble fiber was determined by the enzyme gravimetric method. It was measured and calculated using the above formula. Further, the measured specific volume in water was as shown in Table 1.

The insoluble dietary fiber powders of Examples 1 to 6 and 20 were well dispersed in water, had a smooth texture, and had little flavor, so they could be added to various beverages such as milk.

Table 1 (Examples 7 to 10) Dried corn husk powder with a particle size Q of 5 cm or less was suspended in water to give a solid content concentration of 10%, and ground using a wet grinder to an average particle size of 40 μm. . This was centrifuged to separate insoluble fibers. Water and citric acid were added to the washed insoluble fibers to prepare a dispersion in which the fibers were redispersed with a fibrous solid content of 5%. The concentration of citric acid added was varied to obtain a suspension having the pH shown in Table 2. The suspension was heated at -120'C for 30 minutes, cooled to room temperature, and neutralized to pH 7 with sodium hydroxide. The suspension obtained above was centrifuged to separate insoluble fibers, 10 times the amount of water was added thereto, and centrifuged again (5000G, 30 minutes). The solids content after centrifugation was approximately 25% in each case. After adding powdered dextrin in the amount shown in Table 2 to 1 part of the solid content, it was dried using a freeze dryer, and the dried product was ground in a coffee mill to obtain the insoluble dietary fiber powder of the present invention (implemented). Example 7~
10) was obtained.

The insoluble dietary fiber dry powders of Examples 7 to 10 were centrifugally washed with water to remove dextrin, and then hemicellulase was added and the solubilization rates measured were as shown in Table 2. Further, the aqueous constant volume was as shown in Table 2.

The insoluble dietary fiber powders of Examples 7 to 10 were well dispersed in water, had a smooth texture, and had little flavor, so they could be added to various beverages such as milk.

When Examples 8 and 9 were compared, Example 9, which had a larger submerged volume, had a smoother texture and had better dispersibility.

Table 2 (Examples 11 to 14) Dry corn husk powder with a particle size of 0.5 μm or less is suspended in water to give a solid content concentration of 10%, and a wet grinder is used to grind the powder to an average particle size of 40 μm. Shattered. This was centrifuged to separate insoluble fibers. Water and citric acid were added to the washed insoluble fibers to redisperse the fibrous solids content to 5%.

Note that suspensions having pH values shown in Table 3 were obtained by changing the a degree of citric acid added. The suspensions were heated at 120° C. for 30 minutes, cooled to room temperature, and neutralized to pH 7 with sodium hydroxide. Then, the suspension obtained as described above was centrifuged to separate insoluble fibers, 10 times the amount of water was added thereto, and centrifuged again (5000G, 30 minutes). The solids content after centrifugation was approximately 25% in each case. This was heated to 60°C and dried under reduced pressure. The dried product was ground with a coffee mill and passed through a 60 mesh sieve to obtain coarse particles (60 mesh) (Example 1)
2 and 14) and fine particles (60 meshes, passes) (Examples 11 and 13).

After suspending the insoluble dietary fiber powder in water, hemicellulase was added and the solubilization rate measured was as shown in Table 3. In addition, the aqueous constant volume (as shown in Table 3).
The value was lower than that of ~10. Furthermore, the dispersibility was poorer than in Examples 1 to 10, and the texture was also slightly inferior. However, those with small particle size showed a relatively high hemicellulase solubilization rate.

Table 3 (Example 15) tei 251. nF+mml; Suspend 1 or less of the softened corn husk powder in water to obtain a solid content concentration of 10%.
The mixture was pulverized to an average particle size of 40 μm using a mixed pulverizer. This was centrifuged to separate insoluble fibers.

Water was added to the washed insoluble fibers to redisperse the fibrous solids content to 5%.

This suspension was heated at 140°C for 30 minutes and then cooled to room temperature. The suspension obtained above was centrifuged to separate insoluble fibers, 10 times the amount of water was added thereto, and centrifuged again (5000G, 30 minutes). The solids content after centrifugation was approximately 25% in each case.

The dried product was then dried using a freeze dryer, and the dried product was ground using a coffee mill to obtain the insoluble dietary fiber powder of the present invention (Example 15).
) was obtained. After suspending insoluble dietary fiber powder in water,
The solubilization rate measured by adding hemicellulase was as shown in Table 4. Further, the aqueous constant volume was as shown in Table 4.

Table 4 (Example 16) For 1 part of the insoluble dietary fiber powder obtained in Example 4, 06 parts of strawberry powder, 0.8 parts of sugar, and 0 part of milk powder were added.
．． 5 parts, malic acid 0.03 parts, yogurt powder 0.
05 parts were added to prepare a powdered drink.

This powdered drink was added to milk and became a yogurt-flavored drink, which was suitable as a dietary fiber-containing food.

(Example 17) Dietary fiber 5009 and sorbitol 40759 of Example 1
(Product name Sorvit, manufactured by Nikken Chemical Co., Ltd.), Emulsifier 2
0g (sucrose fatty acid ester, trade name DK ester F-
20-W, manufactured by Dai-Kogyo Seiyaku Co., Ltd.), orange g flavor 1
140g (Orange Flavor 20g, Product Name Sunfix Orange JP, Sanei Chemical Co., Ltd. Niorange Juice Powder 209, Yaizu Suisan Kako Co., Ltd.), Acidulant 3
09 (citric acid, manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.), sweetener 2
．． After mixing 59 parts of Admiron (trade name, manufactured by Maruzen Kaoru Co., Ltd.), a tablet press (manufactured by Kikusui Seisakusho Co., Ltd., trade name 8-) was mixed.
F-3), a tablet with a diameter of about 20i* and a thickness of 7xy was created.

(Example 18) Dietary fiber of Example 1 69g, strong flour 2269, shortening 6D, food tliK 4.89, malt extract powder 99, improving agent 39 (trade name Pan Up, manufactured by Nippon Pulse Guard Co., Ltd.), fragrance 0.5g , 4g of yeast (dry yeast, Oriental Yeast Co., Ltd. g!A) and water were mixed, placed in a warmer, subjected to second fermentation and second fermentation, and then baked in an oven to create Grissi 12. did.

(Example 19) 5000 g of dietary fiber of Example 1, powdered oil and fat zooy [
Product name: Emmafat Co (manufactured by Riken Vitamin Co., Ltd.) and Magic Fat (Japan Bear Dream Co., Ltd. V)
) mixture, emulsifier 509 (trade name: Tsurlecithin S)
LP-White SP, manufactured by Tsurlecithin Kogyo Co., Ltd.)
, processed starch zaaag (trade name Matsunolin M, manufactured by Matsutani Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.), wheat flour 21009, salt 500g,
After mixing sugar 1009 and flavoring 509, it was placed in a twin-screw extruder (manufactured by Kowa Kogyo Co., Ltd.), and 10 to 30% of the weight of the added mixture was added with water to create a rod-shaped extruder-processed product ( Comparative Example 1) Insoluble dietary fiber powder (Comparative Example 1) was obtained in the same manner as in Examples 1 to 6, except that the addition of citric acid and the heat treatment at 120° C. for 130 minutes were not performed.

(Comparative Example 2) Insoluble dietary fiber powder (Comparative Example 2) was obtained by performing the same treatment as in Examples 1 to 6 except that citric acid was not added.

(Comparative Example 3) Examples 7 to 10 except that citric acid was not added.
Insoluble dietary fiber powder (Comparative Example 3)
I got it.

(Comparative Example 4) Insoluble dietary fiber powder (Comparative Example 4) was obtained by performing the same treatment as in Examples 11 and 13, except that citric acid was not added.

(Comparative Example 5) Insoluble dietary fiber powder (Comparative Example 5) was obtained by performing the same treatment as in Examples 12 and 14, except that citric acid was not added.

Table 5 shows the hemicellulase solubilization rate and aqueous constant volume of the insoluble dietary fiber powders of Comparative Examples 1 to 5 obtained as described above. In the table, Comparative Example 6 has a raw material particle size of 0.
．． It represents the hemicellulase solubilization rate and aqueous constant volume of dry corn husk powder below 5.

As is clear from the measurement results in Table 5, the hemicellulase solubilization rate and aqueous constant volume of all the insoluble dietary fiber powders of Comparative Examples 1 to 6 are lower than that of the insoluble dietary fiber powder of Examples. Ta.

(Experiment) Three times the amount of sucrose was added to each of the insoluble dietary fiber powders of Examples 7 and 9 and the insoluble dietary fiber powder of Comparative Example 2 (fibrous solid content) to prepare freeze-dried powders. A standard feed and an animal test feed with a fiber content of 10% were prepared using this dry powder according to the formulation shown in Table 6, and each feed was administered to rats for 10 days. Then, the blood cholesterol concentration and fecal volume of the rats were measured.

Blood cholesterol concentration is as shown in Figure 1,
The blood cholesterol concentration of rats was determined in Examples 7 and 9.
A significant cholesterol-lowering effect was observed. In addition, the amount of rat feces is as shown in Figure 2.
Although it increased in Comparative Example 2, it also increased in Examples 7 and 9.
There was no significant difference in the amount of feces between Comparative Example 2 and Comparative Example 2.

Table 6 (Composition of feed for animal experiments) *Based on the fiber content of dietary fiber powder of 84.7%, feed raw fiber content [Effects of the invention] The dietary fiber of the present invention is an insoluble dietary fiber derived from the hull of cereals. Since the solubilization rate by hemicellulase is 30% by weight or more of the weight of insoluble dietary fiber, after ingestion, this insoluble dietary fiber has hemicellulase activity possessed by certain intestinal bacteria coexisting in the large intestine. As a result, hemicellulose is degraded and becomes water-soluble dietary fiber in the intestines, which exerts the blood cholesterol-lowering effect of water-soluble dietary fiber. In addition, insoluble dietary fiber components, mainly cellulose, which are not decomposed by hemicellulase activity, exert a bowel movement improving effect as an insoluble dietary fiber. Therefore, the insoluble dietary fiber of the present invention has both the properties of an insoluble dietary fiber originally possessed by the grain husk and the properties of a water-soluble dietary fiber. Furthermore, it has the serum cholesterol-lowering effect of water-soluble dietary fiber, and is useful in preventing not only constipation but also various adverse effects such as hyperlipidemia caused by a Western-style diet.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the blood cholesterol concentration of rats that ingested a compound feed containing insoluble dietary fiber of the present invention and a compound feed of a comparative example. FIG. It is a figure showing the amount of feces of the rat which ingested the feed and the compound feed of a comparative example. Figure 1

Claims (5)

[Claims] (1) An insoluble dietary fiber derived from the husk of a cereal, characterized in that the solubilization rate by hemicellulase is 30% by weight or more of the weight of the insoluble dietary fiber. (2) The insoluble dietary fiber according to claim 1, wherein the grain husk is any one of corn husk, wheat husk, rice husk, and soybean husk. (3) Claim 1, wherein the dietary fiber is in a dry state.
or the insoluble dietary fiber described in 2. (4) The insoluble dietary fiber according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the dietary fiber is in the form of fine particles. (5) An insoluble dietary fiber-containing food product containing the insoluble dietary fiber according to any one of claims 1 to 4 as an active ingredient.