JPH03174542A - Electrophotographic sensitive body - Google Patents
Electrophotographic sensitive bodyInfo
- Publication number
- JPH03174542A JPH03174542A JP31327389A JP31327389A JPH03174542A JP H03174542 A JPH03174542 A JP H03174542A JP 31327389 A JP31327389 A JP 31327389A JP 31327389 A JP31327389 A JP 31327389A JP H03174542 A JPH03174542 A JP H03174542A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- formula
- layer
- atom
- general formula
- charge
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- IEQIEDJGQAUEQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalocyanine Chemical compound N1C(N=C2C3=CC=CC=C3C(N=C3C4=CC=CC=C4C(=N4)N3)=N2)=C(C=CC=C2)C2=C1N=C1C2=CC=CC=C2C4=N1 IEQIEDJGQAUEQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 235000010290 biphenyl Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000004305 biphenyl Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 108091008695 photoreceptors Proteins 0.000 claims description 46
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- -1 biphenyl compound Chemical group 0.000 claims description 15
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000003710 aryl alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical group [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical group [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 abstract description 13
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002800 charge carrier Substances 0.000 description 4
- MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorobenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC=C1 MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexanone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCC1 JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000123 paper Substances 0.000 description 4
- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butanone Chemical compound CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920002382 photo conductive polymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920003227 poly(N-vinyl carbazole) Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920002037 poly(vinyl butyral) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- AZQWKYJCGOJGHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-benzoquinone Chemical compound O=C1C=CC(=O)C=C1 AZQWKYJCGOJGHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WUPHOULIZUERAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(oxolan-2-yl)propanoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCC1CCCO1 WUPHOULIZUERAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000178 Acrylic resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004925 Acrylic resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 2
- BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N Selenium Chemical compound [Se] BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N bisphenol A Chemical compound C=1C=C(O)C=CC=1C(C)(C)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052980 cadmium sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000005018 casein Substances 0.000 description 2
- BECPQYXYKAMYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N casein, tech. Chemical compound NCCCCC(C(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CC(C)C)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(C(C)O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(COP(O)(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(N)CC1=CC=CC=C1 BECPQYXYKAMYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000021240 caseins Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 210000003127 knee Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 description 2
- XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920002401 polyacrylamide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001230 polyarylate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011669 selenium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrachloromethane Chemical compound ClC(Cl)(Cl)Cl VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007738 vacuum evaporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 2
- QGKMIGUHVLGJBR-UHFFFAOYSA-M (4z)-1-(3-methylbutyl)-4-[[1-(3-methylbutyl)quinolin-1-ium-4-yl]methylidene]quinoline;iodide Chemical compound [I-].C12=CC=CC=C2N(CCC(C)C)C=CC1=CC1=CC=[N+](CCC(C)C)C2=CC=CC=C12 QGKMIGUHVLGJBR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- WSLDOOZREJYCGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-Dichloroethane Chemical group ClCCCl WSLDOOZREJYCGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dioxane Chemical compound C1COCCO1 RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OCJBOOLMMGQPQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-dichlorobenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 OCJBOOLMMGQPQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XNWFRZJHXBZDAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-METHOXYETHANOL Chemical compound COCCO XNWFRZJHXBZDAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000094 2-phenylethyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical group [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SDDLEVPIDBLVHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bisphenol Z Chemical compound C1=CC(O)=CC=C1C1(C=2C=CC(O)=CC=2)CCCCC1 SDDLEVPIDBLVHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108010010803 Gelatin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000002841 Lewis acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylacetamide Chemical compound CN(C)C(C)=O FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000020 Nitrocellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002292 Nylon 6 Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000305 Nylon 6,10 Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002302 Nylon 6,6 Polymers 0.000 description 1
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 1
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M Propionate Chemical compound CCC([O-])=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XSTXAVWGXDQKEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trichloroethylene Chemical group ClC=C(Cl)Cl XSTXAVWGXDQKEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AZWHFTKIBIQKCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Sn+2]=O.[O-2].[In+3] Chemical compound [Sn+2]=O.[O-2].[In+3] AZWHFTKIBIQKCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002835 absorbance Methods 0.000 description 1
- KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid trimethyl ester Natural products COC(C)=O KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000980 acid dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001893 acrylonitrile styrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001491 aromatic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Chemical group BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012461 cellulose resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000001309 chloro group Chemical group Cl* 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001940 conductive polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007766 curtain coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000000664 diazo group Chemical group [N-]=[N+]=[*] 0.000 description 1
- 229940117389 dichlorobenzene Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000003618 dip coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 229920006242 ethylene acrylic acid copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000001153 fluoro group Chemical group F* 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008273 gelatin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000159 gelatin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000019322 gelatine Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000011852 gelatine desserts Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910003437 indium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PJXISJQVUVHSOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium(iii) oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[In+3].[In+3] PJXISJQVUVHSOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010147 laser engraving Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052745 lead Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000007517 lewis acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004973 liquid crystal related substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007760 metering rod coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001220 nitrocellulos Polymers 0.000 description 1
- NIHNNTQXNPWCJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N o-biphenylenemethane Natural products C1=CC=C2CC3=CC=CC=C3C2=C1 NIHNNTQXNPWCJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920006287 phenoxy resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000013034 phenoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002492 poly(sulfone) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000003367 polycyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002689 polyvinyl acetate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011118 polyvinyl acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002717 polyvinylpyridine Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- SCUZVMOVTVSBLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-enenitrile;styrene Chemical compound C=CC#N.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 SCUZVMOVTVSBLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 150000003219 pyrazolines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007761 roller coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960005265 selenium sulfide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- PWEBUXCTKOWPCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N squaric acid Chemical compound OC1=C(O)C(=O)C1=O PWEBUXCTKOWPCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PJANXHGTPQOBST-UHFFFAOYSA-N stilbene Chemical class C=1C=CC=CC=1C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PJANXHGTPQOBST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003462 sulfoxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- UBOXGVDOUJQMTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichloroethylene Natural products ClCC(Cl)Cl UBOXGVDOUJQMTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Photoreceptors In Electrophotography (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
[産業上の利用分野]
本発明は、電子写真感光体に関し、詳しくは電荷発生層
と電荷輸送居を有する植屑型の電子写真感光体に関する
。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Industrial Application Field] The present invention relates to an electrophotographic photoreceptor, and more particularly to a plant-type electrophotographic photoreceptor having a charge generation layer and a charge transport layer.
[従来の技術]
従来、電子写真感光体としては、セレン、硫化カドミウ
ム、酸化亜鉛などを主成分とする感光層を有する無機系
電子写真感光体が広く用いられてきた。これら無機電子
写真感光体は熱安定性、耐湿性、耐久性において必ずし
も満足し得ず、特にセレンおよび硫化カドミウムは毒性
のために製造上ならびに取扱い上に制約があった。[Prior Art] Conventionally, inorganic electrophotographic photoreceptors having a photosensitive layer containing selenium, cadmium sulfide, zinc oxide, etc. as main components have been widely used as electrophotographic photoreceptors. These inorganic electrophotographic photoreceptors are not necessarily satisfactory in terms of thermal stability, moisture resistance, and durability, and in particular, selenium and cadmium sulfide have limitations in production and handling due to their toxicity.
一方、有機光導電性化合物を主成分とする感光層を有す
る電子写真感光体は、無機電子写真感光体の上記欠点を
おぎなうなど多くの利点を有し、近年注目を集めている
。On the other hand, electrophotographic photoreceptors having a photosensitive layer containing an organic photoconductive compound as a main component have many advantages such as overcoming the above-mentioned drawbacks of inorganic electrophotographic photoreceptors, and have attracted attention in recent years.
このような有機系感光体としては、ポリ−N−ビニルカ
ルバゾールに代表される光導電性ポリマーおよびこれと
2.4.7−1リニトロー9−フルオレノンなどのルイ
ス酸とから形成される電荷移動錯体を主成分とする感光
層を有する電子写真感光体は既に実用化されている。Such organic photoreceptors include photoconductive polymers typified by poly-N-vinylcarbazole and charge transfer complexes formed from this and Lewis acids such as 2.4.7-1 linitro-9-fluorenone. An electrophotographic photoreceptor having a photosensitive layer containing as a main component has already been put into practical use.
しかし、この電子写真感光体は感度および耐久性におい
て必ずしも満足できるものではない。However, this electrophotographic photoreceptor is not necessarily satisfactory in sensitivity and durability.
一方、電荷発生機能と電荷輸送機能とをそれぞれ別個の
物質に分担させた機能分離型電子写真感光体が、従来の
有機電子写真感光体の欠点とされていた感度や耐久性に
著しい改善をもたらした。On the other hand, functionally separated electrophotographic photoreceptors, in which the charge generation function and charge transport function are divided into separate substances, have brought about significant improvements in sensitivity and durability, which had been considered shortcomings of conventional organic electrophotographic photoreceptors. Ta.
このような機能分離型電子写真感光体は、電荷発生物質
、電荷輸送物質の各々の材料の材料選択範囲が広く、任
意の特性を有する電子写真感光体を比較的容易に製造し
得るという利点を有している。Such a functionally separated electrophotographic photoreceptor has the advantage that there is a wide selection range of materials for each of the charge-generating substance and the charge-transporting substance, and it is relatively easy to manufacture an electrophotographic photoreceptor with arbitrary characteristics. have.
特に電子写真感光体が複写機のみならず、近年ではレー
ザービームプリンター、LEDプリンターなどに用いら
れるようになるにつれ、使用する光源の発光波長に合っ
た分光感度域を設定するためにlま機能分#型が適して
いる。In particular, as electrophotographic photoreceptors have come to be used not only in copiers, but also in laser beam printers, LED printers, etc. in recent years, the number of functions has increased in order to set the spectral sensitivity range that matches the emission wavelength of the light source used. # type is suitable.
電荷発生物質としては種々のアゾ顔料、フタロシアニン
顔料、多環キノン顔料、シアニン色素スクエアリック酸
染料、ビリリウム塩系色素などが知られている。As charge generating substances, various azo pigments, phthalocyanine pigments, polycyclic quinone pigments, cyanine dyes, squaric acid dyes, biryllium salt dyes, etc. are known.
中でもアゾ顔料は耐光性が強い、電荷発生能力が大きい
、材料合成が容易などの点から多くの構造が提唱されて
きた。Among them, many structures have been proposed for azo pigments because of their strong light resistance, large charge generation ability, and ease of material synthesis.
例えば本発明における電荷発生物質に類似のジスアゾ顔
料として特開昭56−116040号公報、特開昭57
−182747号公報、特開昭58−49952号公報
、特開昭58−115447号公報、特開昭59−72
448号公報、特開昭59−155848号公報、特開
昭58−115445号公報、特開昭58−11544
6号公報、特開昭59−7365号公報などに記載され
公知であるゝ。For example, as a disazo pigment similar to the charge generating substance in the present invention, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 56-116040, Japanese Patent Application Laid-open No. 57
-182747, JP 58-49952, JP 58-115447, JP 59-72
448, JP 59-155848, JP 58-115445, JP 58-11544
6, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 59-7365, etc., and are well known.
ここで電荷発生物質として用いられるアゾ顔料に要求さ
れることは、(D熱、光に対して安定であること、(i
i )分散状態で電荷発生能を示すものでは、分散が容
易であることおよび分散液の経時変化の少ないこと、(
iii)電荷発生能が温度により変化しないこと、(I
v)繰り返し使用時において特性の変化のないこと、C
V)用いる光源に対して有効な分光感度域を有している
こと、(vi )電荷輸送物質が限定されないことなど
が挙げられる。The azo pigment used here as a charge generating substance is required to be (D stable against heat and light, (i)
i) For those that exhibit charge generation ability in a dispersed state, dispersion is easy and the dispersion liquid has little change over time; (
iii) the charge generation ability does not change with temperature; (I
v) No change in characteristics during repeated use, C
V) It has an effective spectral sensitivity range for the light source used, and (vi) The charge transport material is not limited.
これらの要求を高いレベルで平均的に満足することが実
用上飯も重要なことである。In practical terms, it is important to satisfy these requirements at a high level on average.
前述の公知顔料の中には上記要求の一部は満足するもの
の、全てを高いレベルで満足するものはなかった。Although some of the above-mentioned known pigments satisfy some of the above requirements, none satisfy all of them to a high level.
さて、電荷輸送物質としてはヒドラゾン化合物ピラゾリ
ン化合物、スチルベン化合物、トリアリールメタン化合
物、アリールアミン化合物などが知られている。Now, as charge transport substances, hydrazone compounds, pyrazoline compounds, stilbene compounds, triarylmethane compounds, arylamine compounds, etc. are known.
これらの化合物に要求されることは、(i)光熱に対し
て安定であること、(ii )コロナ放電により発生す
るオゾン、NOx、硝酸などに対して安定であること、
(iii )高い電荷輸送能を示すこと、(Iv )有
機溶剤、結着剤との相溶性が高いことなどが挙げられる
。These compounds are required to (i) be stable against light and heat; (ii) be stable against ozone, NOx, nitric acid, etc. generated by corona discharge;
(iii) It exhibits high charge transport ability, and (Iv) It has high compatibility with organic solvents and binders.
前述の公知アゾ顔料と電荷輸送物質との組合せの例とし
ては、例えば特開昭58−18636号公報、特開昭5
7−204551号公報、特開昭59−44050号公
報、特開昭59−44051号公報、特開昭59−15
7644号公報、特開昭60−24549号公報、特開
昭60〜24550号公報、特開昭60−24551号
公報、特開昭60−24552号公報などの記載が挙げ
られる。Examples of combinations of the above-mentioned known azo pigments and charge transport substances include, for example, JP-A-58-18636 and JP-A-Sho 5.
7-204551, JP 59-44050, JP 59-44051, JP 59-15
Examples include descriptions in JP-A No. 7644, JP-A-60-24549, JP-A-60-24550, JP-A-60-24551, and JP-A-60-24552.
これらの組合せによる電子写真感光体は繰り返し使用時
における電位変動は少ないものの使用環境の変化による
画像の劣化が見られるなど1画像特性上天きな欠点を有
しているものが多く、実際の使用上問題となっている。Although electrophotographic photoreceptors made with these combinations have little potential fluctuation during repeated use, many of them have serious drawbacks in terms of image characteristics, such as image deterioration due to changes in the usage environment. This has become a problem.
[発明が解決しようとする課題]
本発明の目的は、電荷発生層と電荷輸送層とを有する電
子写真感光体において、レーザーダイオード発振波長域
のような長波長域でも十分な高感度と分光感度のフラッ
トネスを有する電子写真感光体を提供すること、繰り返
し使用時の電位が安定に維持され、かつ、使用環境(温
度、湿度)によらず安定した電位特性と画像特性を示す
電子写真環状体を提供すること、アゾ顔料の分散が容易
で、しかも、分散液の経時変化の少ないアゾ顔料を用い
た電子写真感光体を提供することにある。[Problems to be Solved by the Invention] An object of the present invention is to provide an electrophotographic photoreceptor having a charge generation layer and a charge transport layer with sufficient high sensitivity and spectral sensitivity even in a long wavelength range such as the laser diode oscillation wavelength range. To provide an electrophotographic photoreceptor having a flatness of 1,000,000 yen, and an annular electrophotographic body whose potential is maintained stably during repeated use, and which exhibits stable potential characteristics and image characteristics regardless of the usage environment (temperature, humidity). Another object of the present invention is to provide an electrophotographic photoreceptor using an azo pigment in which the azo pigment can be easily dispersed and the dispersion liquid has little change over time.
[課題を解決する手段、作用]
本発明は、導電性支持体上に電荷発生層と電荷輸送層の
少なくとも二層を設けた電子写真感光体において、電荷
発生層が電荷発生物質として下記一般式(1)で示すフ
タロシアニン顔料の少なくとも1種を含有する層から成
り、電荷輸送層が電荷1輸送物質として下記一般式(2
)で示すヒフェニル化合物の少なくとも1種を含有する
層から成ることを特徴とする電子写真感光体から構成さ
れる。[Means for Solving the Problems, Effects] The present invention provides an electrophotographic photoreceptor in which at least two layers, a charge generation layer and a charge transport layer, are provided on a conductive support, in which the charge generation layer has a charge generation substance formed by the following general formula: It consists of a layer containing at least one type of phthalocyanine pigment represented by (1), and the charge transport layer has the following general formula (2) as a charge 1 transport material.
) is comprised of an electrophotographic photoreceptor characterized by comprising a layer containing at least one type of hypohenyl compound.
(式中、R1は水素原子またはハロゲン原子を表わし、
mは1.2,3または4の整数であり、Mはアルカリ金
属を除いて金属原子を表わし、Yおよびnについては、
Mが2価の場合はなく、Mが3価の場合にYはハロゲン
原子、アルキル基あるいはアルコキシ基を表わし、nは
1の整数であり、Mが4価の場合にYは酸素原子、ハロ
ゲン原子アルキル基あるいはアルコキシ基を表わし、酸
素原子の場合にnは1の整数であり、酸素原子以外の場
合にnは2の整数である。)
(式中、R2およびR3はアルキル基またはアルコキシ
基を表わし、R4はアルキル基、アルコキシ基、アラル
キル基、水酸基またはハロゲン原子を表わす、)
さらに具体的には、上記基として、アルキル基はメチル
、エチル、プロピル、ブチルなどの基アルコキシ基はメ
トキシ、エトキシ、プロポキシなどの基、アラルキル基
はベンジル、フェネチルなどの基、ハロゲン原子は塩素
原子2臭素原子、フッ素原子、ヨウ素原子である。(In the formula, R1 represents a hydrogen atom or a halogen atom,
m is an integer of 1.2, 3 or 4, M represents a metal atom excluding alkali metals, and for Y and n,
There is no case where M is divalent, and when M is trivalent, Y represents a halogen atom, an alkyl group, or an alkoxy group, n is an integer of 1, and when M is tetravalent, Y represents an oxygen atom, a halogen The atom represents an alkyl group or an alkoxy group, where n is an integer of 1 in the case of an oxygen atom and an integer of 2 in the case of other than an oxygen atom. (In the formula, R2 and R3 represent an alkyl group or an alkoxy group, and R4 represents an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, an aralkyl group, a hydroxyl group, or a halogen atom.) More specifically, as the above group, the alkyl group is a methyl group. , ethyl, propyl, butyl, etc. The alkoxy group is a group such as methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, etc., the aralkyl group is a group such as benzyl, phenethyl, etc., and the halogen atom is a chlorine atom, dibromine atom, fluorine atom, or iodine atom.
金属原子Mとしては、Ti、V、Cr、Fe、Cu、Z
n、Ga、AM、Pb、Ge、Sn、In、Coなどか
ら選択される。Metal atoms M include Ti, V, Cr, Fe, Cu, and Z.
n, Ga, AM, Pb, Ge, Sn, In, Co, etc.
以下に本発明において用いられる電荷発生物質と電荷輸
送物質の代表例を挙げる。Typical examples of charge-generating substances and charge-transporting substances used in the present invention are listed below.
電荷発生物質
例示は基本型において変化する部分であるRlm、M、
Yおよびnを記載することによる。Examples of charge generating substances are Rlm, M, which are parts that change in the basic form.
By writing Y and n.
基本型
例示顔料
P−(1)
R1;H
P−(2)
R1: C見
P−(3)
R1:Br
P−(4)
R1:H
P−(5)
R1:H
P−(6)
R1:H
P−(7)
R1: C交
a1
m:2
m : 4
m:1
m:1
m:1
m : 4
M:Cu
M:Cu
M:Cu
M:Fe
M:Sn
ica
M:A
Y 二 −
Y 二 −
Y 二 −
Y 二 −
Y : C又
Y 二 −
Y:C1
n:2
n:1
P−(8)
R1:H
a1
M:A
Y:CR
n:1
P−(9)
R1:H
P−(10)
RL+F
P−(11)
m:1
m : 4
M : In
M:Zn
Y 二 〇大
Y : −
n:1
R1:H
a1
M : Zn
Y 二 −
P−(12)
R1:H
a1
M:Ti
Y:0
n:1
P−(13)
R1:)!
a1
M : Tt
Y : −0CH3
n:2
P−(14)
R1:H
m:1
M:v
Y二〇
n:1
電荷輸送物質
例示化合物
T−(1)
−
(2)
−
(3)
−
(4)
−
(5)
−
(6)
−
(7)
−
(8)
−
(9)
−
(10)
T−(11)
T−(12)
T−(13)
T−(14)
本発明における一般式(1)で示すフタロシアニン顔料
と一般式(2)で示すビフェニル化合物の組み合せは、
おそらくイオン化ポテンシャルの適合性が良く、さらに
は電荷発生層と電荷輸送層の界面で上記フタロシアニン
顔料とビフェニル化合物の立体的型なりが良いことなど
の理由で、電荷発生層で発生した電荷キャリヤーの電荷
輸送層ヘノ注入が素早く、スムースに行なわれるため、
極めて高感度で、耐久時の電位安定性にも優れるものと
考えられる。Basic type exemplified pigments P-(1) R1; H P-(2) R1: C-view P-(3) R1: Br P-(4) R1: H P-(5) R1: H P-(6) R1:HP-(7) R1:C a1 m:2 m:4 m:1 m:1 m:1 m:4 M:Cu M:Cu M:Cu M:Fe M:Snica M:A Y 2 - Y 2 - Y 2 - Y 2 - Y: C or Y 2 - Y:C1 n:2 n:1 P-(8) R1:H a1 M:A Y:CR n:1 P-(9 ) R1:H P-(10) RL+F P-(11) m:1 m: 4 M: In M:Zn Y 20 Y: - n:1 R1:H a1 M: Zn Y 2-P-( 12) R1:H a1 M:Ti Y:0 n:1 P-(13) R1:)! a1 M: Tt Y: -0CH3 n:2 P-(14) R1:H m:1 M:v Y20n:1 Charge transport substance exemplified compound T-(1) - (2) - (3) - (4) - (5) - (6) - (7) - (8) - (9) - (10) T-(11) T-(12) T-(13) T-(14) In the present invention The combination of the phthalocyanine pigment represented by general formula (1) and the biphenyl compound represented by general formula (2) is
This is probably due to the good compatibility of ionization potentials and the good steric formation of the phthalocyanine pigment and biphenyl compound at the interface between the charge generation layer and the charge transport layer. Because injection into the transport layer is done quickly and smoothly,
It is considered to have extremely high sensitivity and excellent potential stability during durability.
次に本発明の電子写真感光体について更に詳細に説明す
る。Next, the electrophotographic photoreceptor of the present invention will be explained in more detail.
電荷発生層は、十分な吸光度を得るために、できる限り
多くの一般式(1)で示すフタロシアニン顔料を含有し
、かつ、発生した電荷キャリヤーの飛程を短くするため
に薄膜層1例えば5gm以下、好ましくは0.01〜1
μmの膜厚の薄膜層とすることが望ましい。The charge generation layer contains as much of the phthalocyanine pigment represented by formula (1) as possible in order to obtain sufficient absorbance, and the thin film layer 1 contains, for example, 5 gm or less, in order to shorten the range of the generated charge carriers. , preferably 0.01-1
It is desirable to form a thin film layer with a thickness of μm.
電荷発生層は一般式(1)で示すフタロシアニン顔料を
適当なバインダーに分散させ、これを導電性支持体上に
塗工することによって形成でさまた、真空蒸着装置によ
りyXM膜を形成することができる。The charge generation layer can be formed by dispersing the phthalocyanine pigment represented by the general formula (1) in a suitable binder and coating it on a conductive support, or a yXM film can be formed using a vacuum evaporation device. can.
塗工によって形成する際に用いるバインダーとしては、
広範な絶縁性樹脂から選択でき、また。As a binder used when forming by coating,
You can also choose from a wide range of insulating resins.
ポリ−N−ビニルカルバゾール、ポリビニルアントラセ
ンやポリビニルピレンなどの有機光導電性ポリマーから
選択できる。It can be selected from organic photoconductive polymers such as poly-N-vinylcarbazole, polyvinylanthracene and polyvinylpyrene.
好ましくはポリビニルブチラール、ボリアリレート(ビ
スフェノールAとフタル酸の縮重合体など)、ポリカー
ボネート、ポリエステル、フェノキシ樹脂、ポリ酢酸ビ
ニル、アクリル樹脂、ポリアクリルアミド、ポリアミド
、ポリビニルピリジン、セルロース系樹脂、ポリウレタ
ン、エポキシ樹脂、カゼイン、ポリビニルアルコール、
ポリビニルピロリドンなどが挙げられる。Preferably polyvinyl butyral, polyarylate (condensation polymer of bisphenol A and phthalic acid, etc.), polycarbonate, polyester, phenoxy resin, polyvinyl acetate, acrylic resin, polyacrylamide, polyamide, polyvinylpyridine, cellulose resin, polyurethane, epoxy resin , casein, polyvinyl alcohol,
Examples include polyvinylpyrrolidone.
電荷発生層中に含有する樹脂は80重量%以下、好まし
くは40重量%以下が適している。The resin contained in the charge generation layer is suitably 80% by weight or less, preferably 40% by weight or less.
これらの樹脂を溶解する溶剤は、樹脂の種類によって異
なり、また電荷輸送層や下引き層を溶解しない種類から
選択することが好ましい。The solvent that dissolves these resins varies depending on the type of resin, and is preferably selected from types that do not dissolve the charge transport layer or the undercoat layer.
具体的には、メタノール、エタノール、イソプロパツー
ルなどのアルコール類、アセトン、メチルエチルケトン
、シクロヘキサノンなどのケトン類、N、N−ジメチル
ホルムアミド、N、N−ジメチルアセトアミドなどのア
ミド類、ジメチルスルホキシドなどのスルホキシド類、
テトラヒドロフラン、ジオキサン、エチレングリコール
モノメチルエーテルなどのエーテル類、酢酸メチル、酢
酸エチルなどのエステル類、クロロホルム、塩化メチレ
ン、ジクロルエチレン、四塩化炭素、トリクロロエチレ
ンなどの脂肪族ハロゲン化炭化水素あるいはベンゼン、
トルエン、キシレン、リグロイン、クロロベンゼン、ジ
クロロベンゼンナトの芳香族化合物などを用いることが
できる。Specifically, alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, and isopropanol, ketones such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, and cyclohexanone, amides such as N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, and sulfoxides such as dimethyl sulfoxide. kind,
Ethers such as tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, esters such as methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, aliphatic halogenated hydrocarbons such as chloroform, methylene chloride, dichloroethylene, carbon tetrachloride, trichloroethylene, or benzene,
Aromatic compounds such as toluene, xylene, ligroin, chlorobenzene, and dichlorobenzene can be used.
塗工方法としてはは浸漬コーティング法、スプレーコー
ティング法、スピンナーコーティング法ビードコーティ
ング法、マイヤーバーコーティング法、ブレードコーテ
ィング法、ローラーコーティング法、カーテンコーティ
ング法などの塗工方法が採用できる。As a coating method, a dip coating method, a spray coating method, a spinner coating method, a bead coating method, a Meyer bar coating method, a blade coating method, a roller coating method, a curtain coating method, and the like can be adopted.
乾燥は室温における指触乾燥後、加熱乾燥する方法が好
ましい、加熱乾燥は30〜200℃の温度範囲で5分〜
2時間の範囲で静止または送風下で行なう。Drying is preferably done by drying to the touch at room temperature and then heating. Drying by heating is performed at a temperature range of 30 to 200°C for 5 minutes or more.
Testing is carried out for 2 hours in a stationary or ventilated environment.
電荷輸送層は、電荷発生層と電気的に接続されており、
電界の存在下で電荷発生層から注入された電荷キャリヤ
ーを受は取るとともに、これらの電荷キャリヤーを表面
まで輸送できる機能を有している。この際、電荷輸送層
は電荷発生層の上に積層されていてもよく、またその下
に積層されていてもよい。The charge transport layer is electrically connected to the charge generation layer,
It has the function of receiving and taking charge carriers injected from the charge generation layer in the presence of an electric field and transporting these charge carriers to the surface. At this time, the charge transport layer may be laminated on or under the charge generation layer.
電荷輸送層は、一般式(2)で示すビフェニル化合物を
適当なバインダーと共に溶解し、これを塗布して形成さ
れる。The charge transport layer is formed by dissolving the biphenyl compound represented by the general formula (2) together with a suitable binder and applying the solution.
バインダーとしては1例えばアクリル樹脂、ボリアリレ
ート、ポリエステル、ポリカーボネートポリスチレン、
アクリロニトリル−スチレンコポリマー、アクリロニト
リル−ブタジェンコポリマー、ポリビニルブチラール、
ポリビニルホルマール、ポリスルホン、ポリアクリルア
ミド、ポリアミド、塩素化ゴムなどの絶縁性樹脂あるい
はポリ−N−ビニルカルバゾール、ポリビニルアントラ
セン、ポリビニルピレンなどの有機光導電性ポリマーな
どが挙げられる。Examples of the binder include acrylic resin, polyarylate, polyester, polycarbonate polystyrene,
Acrylonitrile-styrene copolymer, acrylonitrile-butadiene copolymer, polyvinyl butyral,
Examples include insulating resins such as polyvinyl formal, polysulfone, polyacrylamide, polyamide, and chlorinated rubber, and organic photoconductive polymers such as poly-N-vinylcarbazole, polyvinylanthracene, and polyvinylpyrene.
電荷輸送層は電荷キャリヤーを輸送できる限界があるの
で、必要以上に膜厚を厚くすることはできない、−膜内
には5〜35pLmであるが、好ましい範囲は8〜30
ルmである。Since the charge transport layer has a limit to its ability to transport charge carriers, it cannot be made thicker than necessary.
It is le m.
塗工によって電荷輸送層を形成する際には、前述したよ
うな適当な塗工方法を採用できる。When forming the charge transport layer by coating, any suitable coating method as described above can be employed.
電荷発生層と電荷輸送層の積層構造からなる電子写真感
光体は、導電性支持体上に設けられる。An electrophotographic photoreceptor having a laminated structure of a charge generation layer and a charge transport layer is provided on a conductive support.
導電性支持体としては支持体自体が導電性を有するもの
1例えばアルミニウム、アルミニウム合金などの金属や
合金を用いることができ、その他にアルミニウム、アル
ミニウム合金、酸化インジウム、酸化スズ、酸化インジ
ウム−酸化スズ合金などを真空蒸着力によって塗膜形成
された層を有するプラスチック、導電性粒子(例えばカ
ーボンブラック、銀粒子など)を適当なバインダーとと
もにプラスチックヤ前記金属支持体の上に被覆したJT
L性支持体、導電性粒子をプラスチックや紙に含浸した
導電性支持体や導電性ポリマーを有するプラスチックな
どが挙げられる。As the conductive support, metals and alloys such as aluminum, aluminum alloy, etc., which are conductive themselves, can be used, and in addition, aluminum, aluminum alloy, indium oxide, tin oxide, indium oxide-tin oxide, etc. can be used. Plastics having a layer formed by coating an alloy etc. by vacuum evaporation force, JT in which conductive particles (e.g. carbon black, silver particles, etc.) are coated on the metal support with a suitable binder.
Examples include L-type supports, conductive supports obtained by impregnating conductive particles into plastic or paper, and plastics containing conductive polymers.
導電性支持体と感光層の中間に、バリヤー機能と接着機
能を有する下引き層を設けることもできる。An undercoat layer having barrier and adhesive functions can also be provided between the conductive support and the photosensitive layer.
下引き層はカゼイン、ポリビニルアルコールニトロセル
ロース、エチレン−アクリル酸コポリマー、ポリアミド
(ナイロン6、ナイロン66゜ナイロン610、共重合
ナイロン、フルコキシメチル化ナイロンなど)、ポリウ
レタン、ゼラチン、酸化アルミニウムなどによって形成
できる。The subbing layer can be formed from casein, polyvinyl alcohol nitrocellulose, ethylene-acrylic acid copolymer, polyamide (nylon 6, nylon 66°, nylon 610, copolymerized nylon, flukoxymethylated nylon, etc.), polyurethane, gelatin, aluminum oxide, etc. .
下引き屑の膜厚は0.1〜5gm、好ましくは0.5〜
3匹mが適当である。The film thickness of the underlayer dust is 0.1 to 5 gm, preferably 0.5 to 5 gm.
3 m is appropriate.
本発明の電子写真感光体は、複写機の他、レーザーダイ
オードプリンターに用いることで性能を十分に生かすこ
とができ、また、LEDプリンタ、液晶プリンター、レ
ーザー製版などの電子写真応用分野にも広く利用できる
。The electrophotographic photoreceptor of the present invention can be used not only in copiers but also in laser diode printers to fully utilize its performance, and is also widely used in electrophotographic application fields such as LED printers, liquid crystal printers, and laser engraving. can.
[実施例]
実施例1
アルミ板上に0.1pmの塩化ビニル−無水マレイン酸
−酢酸ビニルコポリマーを用いた下引き層を形成した。[Examples] Example 1 An undercoat layer using a 0.1 pm vinyl chloride-maleic anhydride-vinyl acetate copolymer was formed on an aluminum plate.
次に、例示顔料P−(12)の5gをシクロヘキサノン
95mJLにブチラール樹脂(ブチラール化度63モル
%、数平均分子量2万)2gを溶かした液に加えサンド
ミルで20時間分散した。Next, 5 g of Exemplified Pigment P-(12) was added to a solution prepared by dissolving 2 g of butyral resin (degree of butyralization: 63 mol %, number average molecular weight: 20,000) in 95 mJL of cyclohexanone, and dispersed in a sand mill for 20 hours.
この分散液を下引き層の上に乾燥後の膜厚が0.4gm
となるようにマイヤーバー塗布し、乾燥して電荷発生層
を形成した。The film thickness after drying this dispersion liquid on the undercoat layer is 0.4 g.
A charge generating layer was formed by applying Meyer bar and drying.
次に1例示ビフェニル化合物T−(1)を5gとビスフ
ェノールZ型ポリカーボネート(粘度平均分子量3万)
5gをクロロベンゼン70m1に溶解し、これを電荷発
生層の上に乾燥後の膜厚が17gmとなるようにマイヤ
ーバー塗布し、乾燥して電荷輸送層を形成した。Next, 5 g of 1 exemplified biphenyl compound T-(1) and bisphenol Z type polycarbonate (viscosity average molecular weight 30,000)
5 g was dissolved in 70 ml of chlorobenzene, and this was coated on the charge generation layer with a Mayer bar so that the film thickness after drying was 17 gm, and dried to form a charge transport layer.
製造した電子写真感光体を感光体lとする。The produced electrophotographic photoreceptor is referred to as photoreceptor 1.
感光体1を静電複写紙試験装置ModelSP−428
(川口電機体製)を用いてスタチック方式で−5,5K
Vのコロナ帯電し、暗所で1秒間保持した後、照度2ル
ツクスのハロゲンランプで露光し、帯電特性を測定した
。Photoreceptor 1 was tested using an electrostatic copying paper tester Model SP-428.
-5,5K using static method (manufactured by Kawaguchi Denkitai)
After being corona charged with V and held in a dark place for 1 second, it was exposed to light using a halogen lamp with an illuminance of 2 lux, and the charging characteristics were measured.
帯電特性としては表面電位(VQ )と1秒間暗減衰さ
せた時の電位(Vo )を115に減衰するに必要な露
光i (E 115)を測定した。As for the charging characteristics, the surface potential (VQ) and the exposure i (E 115) required to attenuate the potential (Vo) to 115 when dark decayed for 1 second were measured.
結果を示す。Show the results.
V、ニー715V
vo ニー700V
E115:0.36 文 uX”secさらに感光体l
を−5,6KVのコロナ帯電器露光光学系、現像器、転
写帯電器、除電露光光学系およびクリーナーを備えた電
子写真複写機のシリンダーに貼り付け1画像特性を調べ
た。V, knee 715V vo knee 700V E115: 0.36 text uX”sec and photoreceptor l
was attached to the cylinder of an electrophotographic copying machine equipped with a -5.6 KV corona charger exposure optical system, a developer, a transfer charger, a static elimination exposure optical system, and a cleaner, and the characteristics of one image were examined.
この複写機はシリンダーの駆動に伴い転写紙上に画像が
得られる構成になっている。This copying machine is configured to produce an image on transfer paper as a cylinder is driven.
画像評価は、湿度10%、気温5°C1湿度50%、気
温18°C,湿度80%、気温35°Cの三環境におい
てそれぞれ行なった。Image evaluation was carried out in three environments: humidity 10%, temperature 5°C, humidity 50%, temperature 18°C, humidity 80%, and temperature 35°C.
いずれの環境においてもオリジナルに忠実な良好な画像
が得られた。この画像はi万枚目においても画像の滲み
、ボケなどは見られず、感光体1が良好な画像特性を示
すことが分った。Good images faithful to the original were obtained in both environments. No blurring or blurring of this image was observed even after the 10,000th copy, and it was found that the photoreceptor 1 exhibited good image characteristics.
感光体lのレーザー発振波長域である770〜800n
mにかけての感度変化
ΔE=0.22と極めて小さいことが分った。770-800n, which is the laser oscillation wavelength range of the photoreceptor l
It was found that the sensitivity change over m was extremely small, ΔE=0.22.
実施例2〜12
例示顔料と例示ビフェニル化合物を組合せ実施例1と同
様にして実施例2〜12に対応する電子写真感光体を製
造し、感光体2〜12とし、それぞれ露光量E115を
測定した。Examples 2 to 12 Electrophotographic photoreceptors corresponding to Examples 2 to 12 were produced in the same manner as in Example 1 by combining exemplified pigments and exemplified biphenyl compounds, and the exposure amount E115 was measured for each of photoreceptors 2 to 12. .
さらに感光体2〜12を−5,6KVのコロナ帯電器、
露光光学系、現像器、転写帯電器、除電露光光学系およ
びクリーナーを備えた電子写真複写機のシリンダーに貼
り付けた。Further, the photoreceptors 2 to 12 are connected to a -5.6 KV corona charger.
It was attached to the cylinder of an electrophotographic copying machine equipped with an exposure optical system, a developing device, a transfer charger, a static elimination exposure optical system, and a cleaner.
この複写機はシリンダーの駆動に伴い転写紙上に画像が
得られる構成になっている。This copying machine is configured to produce an image on transfer paper as a cylinder is driven.
この複写機を用いて初期の明部電位(VL )と暗部電
位(VD)をそれぞれ−200v、−700vに設定し
、1万回使用した後の明部電位10000
10000(VL )と暗部電位(Vo
)の変動量ΔVLおよびΔVDを測定した。Using this copier, the initial bright area potential (VL) and dark area potential (VD) were set to -200v and -700v, respectively, and the bright area potential after 10,000 uses was 10,000.
10000 (VL ) and dark potential (Vo
) fluctuation amounts ΔVL and ΔVD were measured.
ただし、ΔvLおよびΔVoは初期における明部電位お
よび暗部電位をそれぞれvLおよびVDとすると
ΔVL= [(VL )] −[(VL 0)]
0000
ΔVD= [(Vb 10000)] −[(Vo 0
)] テ表わす。However, ΔvL and ΔVo are ΔVL = [(VL)] − [(VL 0)], where the initial bright and dark potentials are vL and VD, respectively.
0000 ΔVD= [(Vb 10000)] −[(Vo 0
)] to represent.
結果を示す。Show the results.
例示顔料と例示フルオレン化合物との組合せ成
−フルオレン
2 2P−(1)T〜(1)
3 3 P−(1) T−(14)4
4 P−(5) T−(3)5 5
F−(7) T−(13)6 6 P−(
8) T−(8)7 7 F−(11)
T〜(9)8 8 F−(12) T−(1
3)9 9 F−(12) T−(5)10
to P−(12) T−(7)11
11 F−(13) T−(2)12 12
F−(14) T−(11)2 1.20
−15 +153 1.32−15
+104 1.50 −20
+55 0.98 −10
06 0.76 −25
+57 1.38−15
+158 0.38 −15
+59 0.43 −10
010 0.51 −20
+511 0.92 −15
+1512 0.87−20
+10比較例1〜6
実施例1のビフェニル化合物に代え、下記構造式の化合
物H−(1)、H−(2)、H−(3)H−(4)、H
−(5)およびH−(6)のそれぞれを電荷輸送物質と
して用い、他は実施例工と同様にして電子写真感光体を
製造し、比較感光体重〜6とし、帯電特性を測定した。Combination composition of exemplary pigment and exemplary fluorene compound
-Fluorene 2 2P-(1)T~(1) 3 3 P-(1)T-(14)4
4 P-(5) T-(3)5 5
F-(7) T-(13)6 6 P-(
8) T-(8)7 7 F-(11)
T~(9)8 8 F-(12) T-(1
3)9 9 F-(12) T-(5)10
to P-(12) T-(7)11
11 F-(13) T-(2) 12 12
F-(14) T-(11)2 1.20
-15 +153 1.32-15
+104 1.50 -20
+55 0.98 -10
06 0.76 -25
+57 1.38-15
+158 0.38 -15
+59 0.43 -10
010 0.51 -20
+511 0.92 -15
+1512 0.87-20
+10 Comparative Examples 1 to 6 In place of the biphenyl compound of Example 1, compounds of the following structural formula H-(1), H-(2), H-(3) H-(4), H
-(5) and H-(6) were each used as a charge transport substance, and an electrophotographic photoreceptor was produced in the same manner as in the Example except that the weight of the comparative photoreceptor was ~6, and the charging characteristics were measured.
また、実施例2と全く同様にして電位変動量を測定した
。結果を後記する。Further, the amount of potential fluctuation was measured in exactly the same manner as in Example 2. The results will be described later.
H−(1) H−(2) −
(3)
−
(4)
−
(5)
−
(6)
7
1
2
1
8
6 6 3.02
I1. ΔVDV ΔVLV1
1 −70 +4
02 2 −120
+703 3 −150
+1204 4 −
50 +555 5
−75 +606 6
−65 +30比較例7
〜12
上記電荷輸送物質H−(1)、H−(2) 、H−(3
)、H−(4)、H−(5)およびH−(6)の化合物
と実施例2.3,5.8.10および12で用いた電荷
発生物質を各々以下のように組合せ、他はそれぞれ実施
例と同様にして比較感光体7〜12を製造し、帯電特性
と電位変動量を測定した。結果を示す。H-(1) H-(2) - (3) - (4) - (5) - (6) 7 1 2 1 8 6 6 3.02
I1. ΔVDV ΔVLV1
1 -70 +4
02 2 -120
+703 3 -150
+1204 4 -
50 +555 5
-75 +606 6
-65 +30 Comparative Example 7
~12 The above charge transport substances H-(1), H-(2), H-(3
), H-(4), H-(5) and H-(6) and the charge generating substances used in Examples 2.3, 5.8.10 and 12 were combined as follows, and others. Comparative photoreceptors 7 to 12 were manufactured in the same manner as in the examples, and their charging characteristics and potential fluctuations were measured. Show the results.
威
7 F−(1) H−(3)
8 F−(1) H−(6)
9 F−(7) H−(5)
10 10 F−(12) H−(
1)11 11 F−(12) H
−(2)12 12 F−(14)
H−(4)7 4.31 −150 +75
8 3.67 −70 +3
09 1.89 −55 +
3510 1.87 −65
+7011 1.55−110 +5512
2.71 −90 +30以上の結果から
1本発明の電子写真感光体は、感度および繰り返し特性
において優れていることが分かる。7 F-(1) H-(3) 8 F-(1) H-(6) 9 F-(7) H-(5) 10 10 F-(12) H-(
1) 11 11 F-(12) H
-(2) 12 12 F-(14)
H-(4)7 4.31 -150 +75
8 3.67 -70 +3
09 1.89 -55 +
3510 1.87 -65
+7011 1.55-110 +5512
From the results of 2.71 -90 +30 or more, it can be seen that the electrophotographic photoreceptor of the present invention is excellent in sensitivity and repeatability.
実施例13〜17
本発明の電子写真感光体である感光体2.3.5.8お
よび10のそれぞれを120ppmのオゾン中に30分
間暴露し、さらに80ppmのHNO3ガス中に1時間
暴露した後、実施例1と全く同様にして帯電特性を測定
した2
結果を示す。Examples 13 to 17 Photoreceptors 2.3.5.8 and 10, which are electrophotographic photoreceptors of the present invention, were each exposed to 120 ppm ozone for 30 minutes and further exposed to 80 ppm HNO3 gas for 1 hour. 2. The charging characteristics were measured in the same manner as in Example 1. The results are shown below.
13 2 705 690 1.3
014 3 700 670 1.
3515 5 670 665
0.9516 8 690 67
0 0.3817 10 700 6
95 0.57比較例13〜17
比較感光体7.8.9、lOおよび11を用い実施例I
3と同様にして帯電特性を測定した。13 2 705 690 1.3
014 3 700 670 1.
3515 5 670 665
0.9516 8 690 67
0 0.3817 10 700 6
95 0.57 Comparative Examples 13-17 Example I Using Comparative Photoreceptors 7.8.9, 1O and 11
The charging characteristics were measured in the same manner as in 3.
結果を示す。Show the results.
13 7 670 520 6.40
14 8 700 480 4.21
15 9 650 550 3.
2216 10 570 500 2.
4017 11 675 500 5
.03上記の結果から、本発明の電子写真感光体は、オ
ゾンや硝酸などのコロナ帯電による酸化性物質に対し極
めて安定した感光体であることが分る。13 7 670 520 6.40
14 8 700 480 4.21
15 9 650 550 3.
2216 10 570 500 2.
4017 11 675 500 5
.. 03 From the above results, it can be seen that the electrophotographic photoreceptor of the present invention is extremely stable against oxidizing substances caused by corona charging, such as ozone and nitric acid.
[発明の効果]
本発明の電子写真感光体は、特定の電荷発生物質と特定
の電荷輸送物質を組合せることにより■レーザーダイオ
ードの発振波長域で高感度かつフラットな分光特性を有
し、■電子写真プロセスにおける安定した画像特性を示
し、■電位安定性に優れているという顕著な効果を奏す
る。[Effects of the Invention] By combining a specific charge-generating substance and a specific charge-transporting substance, the electrophotographic photoreceptor of the present invention has ■high sensitivity and flat spectral characteristics in the oscillation wavelength range of a laser diode; It exhibits stable image characteristics in the electrophotographic process, and has the remarkable effect of (1) excellent potential stability.
Claims (1)
とも二層を設けた電子写真感光体において、電荷発生層
が電荷発生物質として下記一般式(1)で示すフタロシ
アニン顔料の少なくとも1種を含有する層から成り、電
荷輸送層が電荷輸送物質として下記一般式(2)で示す
ビフェニル化合物の少なくとも1種を含有する層から成
ることを特徴とする電子写真感光体。 一般式 ▲数式、化学式、表等があります▼(1) (式中、R_1は水素原子またはハロゲン原子を表わし
、mは1、2、3または4の整数であり、Mはアルカリ
金属を除いて金属原子を表わし、Yおよびnについては
、Mが2価の場合はなく、Mが3価の場合にYはハロゲ
ン原子、アルキル基あるいはアルコキシ基を表わし、n
は1の整数であり、Mが4価の場合にYは酸素原子、ハ
ロゲン原子、アルキル基あるいはアルコキシ基を表わし
、酸素原子の場合にnは1の整数であり、酸素原子以外
の場合にnは2の整数である。) 一般式 ▲数式、化学式、表等があります▼(2) (式中、R_2およびR_3はアルキル基またはアルコ
キシ基を表わし、R_4はアルキル基、アルコキシ基、
アラルキル基、水酸基またはハロゲン原子を表わす。) 2、電荷輸送層が電荷輸送物質として下記一般式(3)
で示すビフェニル化合物の少なくとも一種を含有する層
からなる請求項1記載の電子写真感光体。 一般式 ▲数式、化学式、表等があります▼(3) (式中、R_5、R_6およびR_7はアルキル基また
はアルコキシ基を表わす。) 3、電荷発生層が電荷発生物質として、請求項1に記載
する一般式(1)で示すフタロシヤニン顔料において、
式中、Mが銅原子であるか、またはMがチタン原子、Y
が酸素原子である請求項1記載の電子写真感光体。[Claims] 1. In an electrophotographic photoreceptor comprising at least two layers, a charge generation layer and a charge transport layer, provided on a conductive support, the charge generation layer is a charge generation substance represented by the following general formula (1). An electrophotographic photoreceptor comprising a layer containing at least one phthalocyanine pigment, the charge transport layer comprising a layer containing at least one biphenyl compound represented by the following general formula (2) as a charge transport substance. . General formula▲There are mathematical formulas, chemical formulas, tables, etc.▼(1) (In the formula, R_1 represents a hydrogen atom or a halogen atom, m is an integer of 1, 2, 3, or 4, and M is an integer excluding alkali metals. represents a metal atom, and regarding Y and n, when M is divalent, Y represents a halogen atom, an alkyl group, or an alkoxy group;
is an integer of 1, and when M is tetravalent, Y represents an oxygen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group, or an alkoxy group, and in the case of an oxygen atom, n is an integer of 1, and in the case of other than an oxygen atom, n is an integer of 2. ) General formula▲There are mathematical formulas, chemical formulas, tables, etc.▼(2) (In the formula, R_2 and R_3 represent an alkyl group or an alkoxy group, and R_4 represents an alkyl group, an alkoxy group,
Represents an aralkyl group, a hydroxyl group, or a halogen atom. ) 2. The charge transport layer has the following general formula (3) as a charge transport material:
The electrophotographic photoreceptor according to claim 1, comprising a layer containing at least one biphenyl compound represented by: General formula▲There are mathematical formulas, chemical formulas, tables, etc.▼(3) (In the formula, R_5, R_6 and R_7 represent an alkyl group or an alkoxy group.) 3. Claim 1, where the charge generation layer is a charge generation substance In the phthalocyanine pigment represented by the general formula (1),
In the formula, M is a copper atom, or M is a titanium atom, Y
The electrophotographic photoreceptor according to claim 1, wherein is an oxygen atom.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP31327389A JPH03174542A (en) | 1989-12-04 | 1989-12-04 | Electrophotographic sensitive body |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP31327389A JPH03174542A (en) | 1989-12-04 | 1989-12-04 | Electrophotographic sensitive body |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JPH03174542A true JPH03174542A (en) | 1991-07-29 |
Family
ID=18039226
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP31327389A Pending JPH03174542A (en) | 1989-12-04 | 1989-12-04 | Electrophotographic sensitive body |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
JP (1) | JPH03174542A (en) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5308728A (en) * | 1991-08-16 | 1994-05-03 | Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd. | Dichlorotin phthalocyanine crystal, process for producing the same, and electrophotographic photoreceptor using the same |
US5338636A (en) * | 1991-09-27 | 1994-08-16 | Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd. | Dichlorotin phthalocyanine crystal electrophotographic photoreceptor using the same, and coating composition for electrophotographic photoreceptor |
-
1989
- 1989-12-04 JP JP31327389A patent/JPH03174542A/en active Pending
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5308728A (en) * | 1991-08-16 | 1994-05-03 | Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd. | Dichlorotin phthalocyanine crystal, process for producing the same, and electrophotographic photoreceptor using the same |
US5416207A (en) * | 1991-08-16 | 1995-05-16 | Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd. | Dichlorotin phthalocyanine crystal, process for producing the same, and electrophotographic photoreceptor using the same |
US5338636A (en) * | 1991-09-27 | 1994-08-16 | Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd. | Dichlorotin phthalocyanine crystal electrophotographic photoreceptor using the same, and coating composition for electrophotographic photoreceptor |
US5463043A (en) * | 1991-09-27 | 1995-10-31 | Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd. | Process for producing a dichlorotin phthalocyanine crystal |
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