JPH0311811B2 - - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed description of the invention]

TECHNICAL FIELD This invention relates to surfactant combinations that provide controllable aqueous foam. Compositions of this type are useful in areas where foam is desired, such as laundry, personal cleaning products, dishwashing, fire fighting, saxei processes, mineral beneficiation, solution mining, hair washing, the production of foamed solid structures, etc. can be used. Description of the prior art Alkyl polyglycosides, which are surfactants, are
Disclosed in US Pat. No. 3,598,865, US Pat. No. 3,721,633, and US Pat. No. 3,772,269.
These patents also disclose methods of making alkyl polyglycoside surfactants and built liquid detergent compositions containing these surfactants. US Pat. No. 3,219,656 discloses alkyl monoglucosides and suggests utility as foam stabilizers for other surfactants. Various polyglycoside surfactant structures and their production methods are described in U.S. Pat.
Specification No. 3346558, Specification No. 4011389, No.
It is disclosed in the specification of No. 4223129. All percentages, parts and ratios used herein are by weight unless otherwise specified. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to the discovery of certain combinations of surfactants that provide exceptional foam. In particular, the present invention provides the following method: (1) Formula RO(R ¹ O) _t (Z) _x [wherein Z is a residue derived from a reducing sugar having 5 to 6 carbon atoms, and R is , alkylphenyl, hydroxyalkylphenyl or hydroxyalkyl hydrophobic group, or a mixture thereof (the alkyl group having about 8 carbon atoms);
~about 18); R ¹ has 2 to about 4 carbon atoms; t is 0
and x is a number from about 1.5 to about 10]; (2) sulfates, sulfonates, carboxylates and their like neutralized with one or more cationic groups; an anionic cosurfactant selected from the group consisting of a mixture (with a ratio of (2) to (1) of about 1:10 to about 10:1); and (3) (a) of the formula (wherein R ⁷ is an alkyl group having about 8 to about 18 carbon atoms, and each R ⁸ is the same or different, hydrogen, C _1-3 alkyl group, C _1-3
an amide having _an alkanol group and a -( _C2H4O ) _1-4H group and mixtures thereof; (In the formula, R ⁴ is an alkyl group having about 8 to about 18 carbon atoms, each R ⁵ has 2 or 3 carbon atoms, b is 0 to about 30, and each R ⁶ is the same or different , C _1-3 alkyl group, C _1-3
an amine oxide _{having an} alkanol group; and (c) an amine oxide having an alkanol group _; The present invention relates to a foaming composition comprising from about 2% to about 10% enhancer. Description of Preferred Embodiments Alkyl Polysaccharide Surfactant The alkyl polysaccharide has about 8 to about 20 carbon atoms, preferably about 10 to about 16 carbon atoms, and most preferably 12 carbon atoms.
-14 hydrophobic groups, and a polysaccharide having from about 1.5 to about 10, preferably from 1.5 to 4, most preferably from 1.6 to 2.7 sugar units (e.g. galactoside, glucoside, fructoside, glucosyl, fructosyl and/or galactosyl units). It has a hydrophilic group. Mixtures of sugar residues can be used in alkyl polysaccharide surfactants. The number x indicates the number of sugar units in the particular alkyl polysaccharide surfactant. Only in the case of specific alkyl polysaccharide molecules x can take on integer values. In any physical sample of an alkyl polysaccharide surfactant, there will generally be molecules with different x values. A physical sample is characterized by an average value of x, and this average value can take on non-integer values. It should be understood that the values of x herein are average values. The hydrophobic group (R) can be attached at position 2, 3 or 4 instead of at position 1 (giving e.g. glycosyl or galactosyl rather than glycoside or galactoside), but those attached through position 1, i.e. glucoside, galactoside, fructoside. etc. are preferred. In preferred products the additional sugar unit is attached primarily to the 2-position of said sugar unit. Attachments through the 3rd, 4th, and 6th positions can also occur. In some cases, and less preferably,
There can be polysaccharide chains and polyalkoxide chains attached to the hydrophobic group (R). A preferred alkoxide residue is ethoxide. Typical hydrophobic groups are saturated or unsaturated branched or unbranched alkyl groups having from about 8 to about 20 carbon atoms, preferably from about 10 to about 16 carbon atoms. Preferably, the alcohol group is a straight chain saturated alkyl group. The alkyl group can contain up to 3 hydroxyl groups and/or the polyalkoxide chain can contain up to about 30, preferably
It can contain fewer than 10, and most preferably 0, alkoxide residues. Suitable alkyl polysaccharides include decyl, dodecyl,
tetradecyl, hexadecyl, and octadecyl, di-, tri-, tetra-, penta-, and hexaglucosides, galactoside, lactoside,
Fructosides, fructosyl, lactosyl, glucosyl and/or galactosyl and mixtures thereof. Alkyl monosaccharides are relatively less soluble in water than higher alkyl polysaccharides. When used in a mixture with alkyl polysaccharides, the alkyl monosaccharides are to some extent solubilized. The use of alkyl monosaccharides in mixtures with alkyl polysaccharides is a preferred method of carrying out the invention. A suitable mixture is
Examples are coconut alkyl, di-, tri-, tetra-, and penta-glucosides and tallow alkyl tetra-, penta-, and hexa-glucosides. Preferred alkyl polysaccharides have the formula R ² O(C _o H _2o O) _t (Z) _x where Z is derived from glucose and R ² is alkyl, alkylphenyl, hydroxyalkyl,
a hydrophobic group selected from the group consisting of hydroxyalkyl phenyl, and mixtures thereof, wherein the alkyl group has about 10 to about 18 carbon atoms, preferably 12 carbon atoms;
~14); n is 2 or 3, preferably 2;
t is from 0 to about 10, preferably 0; and x is
1.5 to about 8, preferably 1.4 to 4, most preferably
1.6 to 2.7]. To produce these compounds, long chain alcohols (R ² OH) can be reacted with glucose in the presence of an acid catalyst to produce the desired glucosides. Alternatively, alkyl polyglucosides can be produced by a two-step process in which short chain alcohols (C _1-6 ) are combined with glucose or polyglucosides (x
= 2-4) react to form short-chain alkyl glucosides (x = 1-4), which are reacted with long-chain alcohols (R ² OH) to displace the short-chain alcohols and produce the desired alkyl polyglucosides. obtain. When using this two-step process, the short chain alkyl glucoside content of the final alkyl polyglucoside material is less than 50% of the alkyl polyglucoside, preferably 10
%, more preferably less than 5%, most preferably 0%. The amount of unreacted alcohol (free fatty alcohol content) within the desired alkyl polysaccharide surfactant is preferably less than about 2%, more preferably less than about 0.5% by weight of the total alkyl polysaccharide and unreacted alcohol. be. The amount of alkyl monosaccharides is about 20-70%, preferably 30-60%, most preferably 30-50% by weight of the total alkyl polysaccharides. For some applications, it is desirable to have an alkyl monosaccharide content of less than about 10%. As used herein, "alkyl polysaccharide surfactant"
refers to both the preferred glucose and galactose derived surfactants and the less preferred alkyl polysaccharide surfactants. In this specification, "alkyl polyglucoside" is used to include alkyl polyglucosides since the stereochemistry of the sugar residue is changed during the production reaction. Anionic cosurfactants Anionic cosurfactants may be selected from the group consisting of sulfates, sulfonates, carboxylates and mixtures thereof. The co-surfactant is selected from the group consisting of cations of alkali metals such as sodium or potassium, alkaline earth metals such as calcium or magnesium, ammonium, substituted ammoniums such as monoethanolammonium, diethanolammonium or triethanolammonium. Neutralized with one or more cationic groups. Mixtures of cations are desirable. All cationic cosurfactants useful in the present invention have detersive properties and are water soluble or water dispersible. Alkylbenzene Sulfonates One of the preferred co-surfactants for use in the present invention is an alkylbenzene sulfonate. Alkyl groups can be saturated or unsaturated, branched or straight chain, and are optionally substituted with hydroxyl groups. The central phenyl position is generally preferred for foam capacity under light soiling conditions.
However, under heavy soiling conditions a phenyl linkage in the 1 or 2 position is preferred. Preferred alkylbenzene sulfonates contain a straight chain alkyl having from about 9 to about 25 carbon atoms, preferably from about 10 to about 13 carbon atoms, and the cation is sodium, potassium, ammonium, monoethanolammonium, diethanolammonium or triethanolammonium. , calcium or magnesium and mixtures thereof.
Magnesium is a preferred cationic group. These same cations are preferred over other anionic surfactants and ingredients. When the polysaccharide averages more than about 3 sugar units, magnesium alkylbenzene sulfonates in which the phenyl group is attached near the middle of the alkyl chain are surprisingly less likely than those with the phenyl near the end of the chain. is also good. Suitable alkylbenzene sulfonates are:
For example, C ₁₁ alkylbenzene sulfonates with low 2-phenyl content. The alkylbenzene sulfonate co-surfactant is useful in the foaming composition of the present invention because the foam made with it is very stable, has a large capacity, rinses quickly, and does not have a "slippery" feel. desirable in These compositions are particularly desirable for the industrial and commercial processes described below. The foam volume created using alkylbenzene sulfonate cosurfactants is greater than with any other cosurfactant. Soaps Other co-surfactants preferred for use in the present invention are carboxylates such as fatty acid soaps and similar surfactants. Soaps can be saturated or unsaturated and can contain a variety of substituents, such as hydroxyl groups and alpha-sulfonate groups. Preferably, the hydrophobic portion of the soap is a straight chain saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon. The hydrophobic portion of the soap usually has from about 6 to about 30 carbon atoms, preferably from about 10 to about 18 carbon atoms. The use of carboxylate cosurfactants is particularly valuable because alkyl polysaccharide surfactants are exceptional lime soap dispersants. The cationic group (M) of the carboxylate cosurfactant is an alkali metal, such as sodium or potassium, an alkaline earth metal, such as calcium or magnesium, ammonium, or a substituted ammonium, such as monoethanolammonium, diethanolammonium, or triethanolammonium. selected from the group consisting of ammonium cations; A mixture of cations is preferred. In addition to the preferred alkylbenzene sulfonates and soap cosurfactants, many other surfactants containing sulfonate or carboxylate groups can be used in the foaming compositions of the present invention. Generally, the use of these latter cosurfactants results in a lower foam volume than the use of the preferred cosurfactants. However, alkyl polysaccharide surfactants stabilize the foam produced and allow it to rinse more quickly. A group of co-surfactants that are of interest because of their superior detergency are the zwitterionic detergents containing both cationic groups, i.e. ammonium, phosphonium, sulfonium or mixtures thereof and sulfonate or carboxylate groups. . Preferably there are at least 4 atoms separating the cationic and anionic groups. Suitable amphoteric surfactants include those described in U.S. Pat.
Specification No. 3227749, Specification No. 3539521, No.
Specification No. 3383321, Specification No. 3390094, and No.
It is disclosed in the specification of No. 3239560. Co-surfactants of this type are particularly desirable in the case of shampoos. Another group of cosurfactants are amphoteric detergents that have the same general structure as the zwitterionic surfactants but have amine groups instead of quaternary ammonium groups. Still other cosurfactants are alkyl (paraffinic or olefinic) sulfonates, preferably having from about 6 to about 30 carbon atoms and further having a central hydrophilic group. Compositions containing these co-surfactants produce minimal foam volume if desired. The hydrophobic group can contain up to about 10 hydroxyl groups and/or ether linkages. Examples are _C14-15 paraffin sulfonates and _C14-16 olefin sulfonates. Still other cosurfactants have up to about 10 ether bonds in the chain and about 1 carbon number between the ether bonds.
to about 4 carbon atoms and about 6 to about 30 carbon atoms in the terminal portion that does not have an ether linkage. average of 1.5 to 4 glucoside units, preferably 1.6 to 2.7 glucoside units; less than about 50% short chain alkyl polyglucosides; less than about 10%, preferably less than about 2%, most preferably about
Preferred alkyl polyglucosides containing less than 0.5% unreacted fatty alcohols are compounded by conventional sulfade detergent cosurfactants, especially alkyl sulfates and compounds of the formula R ³ O(C _o H _2o O) _t SO ₃ M (wherein , ^R3 is an alkyl or hydroxyalkyl group having from about 8 to about 18 carbon atoms, n is 2 or 3, t can vary from 0 to about 30, and M is the cationic group, The co-surfactant is water-soluble or water-dispersible). Preferred specific examples of the foamable composition of the present invention include: (1) Formula RO(R ¹ O) _t (Z) _x [wherein Z is a residue derived from a reducing sugar having 5 to 6 carbon atoms] , and R is an alkyl group,
a hydrophobic group selected from the group consisting of alkylphenyl groups, hydroxyalkylphenyl groups, hydroxyalkyl groups, and mixtures thereof, wherein the alkyl group has from about 8 to about 18 carbon atoms;
R ¹ has from 2 to about 4 carbon atoms; t is from 0 to about 30; and x is a number from about 1.5 to about 10]; (2) completes the formula for one or more cationic groups M
an anionic co-surfactant selected from the group consisting of sulfates, sulfonates, carboxylates and mixtures thereof ((2) vs.
(1) is about 1:10 to about 10:1); and (3) (a) Eq. (wherein R ⁷ is an alkyl group having about 8 to about 18 carbon atoms, preferably about 12 to about 14 carbon atoms, and each R ⁸ is the same or different,
_{( b ) _ _} formula (wherein R ⁴ is an alkyl group having about 8 to about 18 carbon atoms, preferably about 12 to 14 carbon atoms, each R ⁵ has 2 or 3 carbon atoms, and b is 0 to about 30. and each ^R6 is the same or different and is selected from the group consisting _{of C1-3} alkyl groups, _C1-3 alkanol groups, and -( _C2H4O ) _1-6H groups and mixtures thereof. and (c) a mixture thereof. Compositions of this type provide excellent grease/oil removal and foam growth. Preferred anionic co-surfactants are alkylbenzene sulfonates, alpha-olefin sulfonates, alkyl sulfates, alkyl polyethoxylate sulfates, paraffin sulfonates and mixtures thereof. The cationic group is selected from the group consisting of sodium, potassium, ammonium, monoethanolammonium, diethanolammonium, triethanolammonium, calcium, magnesium and mixtures thereof. Preferred compositions of this embodiment of the invention include 1% to about 95% alkyl polysaccharide surfactants, wherein the alkyl group has 12 to 14 carbon atoms, and x is 1.5 to 4, more preferably 1.6 to 2.7; Preferably from 5% to about 50%; (1) an alkylbenzene sulfonate in which the alkyl group has about 8 to about 13 carbon atoms or an α-olefin sulfonate in which the olefin group has about 10 to about 18 carbon atoms; or a mixture thereof, about 1 %~about
95%, preferably about 5% to about 50%; and (2) the alkyl group has about 8 to about 18 carbon atoms, preferably 12 to 14 carbon atoms, and there are 1 to about 6 ethoxylate groups; About 1% to about 100% of the cationic groups,
Neutralized with one or more cationic groups, preferably in a mixture with about 1% to about 95%, preferably about 5% to about 50%, of an alkyl polyethoxylate sulfate, preferably about 10% to about 80% magnesium. from about 1% to about 95%, preferably from about 10% to about 50%, and an amide-type co-foam enhancer. Method A mixture of an alkylbenzene sulfonate and/or a soap cosurfactant and an alkylpolysaccharide surfactant is prepared in water under stirring at a ratio of cosurfactant to alkylpolysaccharide of about 10:1 to about 1:10.
can be used in amounts of about 0.01% to about 95% to provide foam. These bubbles are relatively stable and can exist for several days if undisturbed. Additionally, the foam has structural integrity and does not spread. Foams made using mixtures of alkylbenzene sulfonates and alkyl polysaccharides are unique in that they do not have a "slippery" feel. Rinse all foam quickly. The unique properties of the foam of the present invention are relevant for cleaning power, as well as in bar soaps, bubble baths, shaving creams, laundry, dishwashing, and hair washing, where a good capacity of stable foam and rapid rinsability are desirable. This makes it valuable for use in many fields where it does not. The compositions of the invention are particularly valuable for use in "foam" or "mist" succession processes where foam is used to transport water and/or soil particles to the surface of a borehole. Descriptions of this type of Saxei method are found in US Pat. No. 3,303,896, US Pat. No. 3,111,178, US Pat. In this type of method, the surfactant is about 0.01% to about 5%
%, preferably from about 0.01% to about 2%, most preferably from about 0.05% to about 0.5%. Preferred co-surfactants are alkylbenzene sulfonates. The compositions of the invention also have considerable value in fire suppression or fire prevention methods, where stable foams are used to extinguish flames or sparks by blocking the oxygen supply. This is US Patent No.
Specification No. 2514310, Specification No. 3186943, No.
Specification No. 3422011, Specification No. 3457172, No.
3,479,285 and 3,541,010. Concentrations of about 0.1% to about 5% are useful. The compositions of the present invention are also of particular value in the field of making plasterboard, plastics, and resin foams. The foam of the present invention includes resin,
plastics, cellulose particles, etc., with low density,
Provides a stable relatively thick structure that solidifies into a stable foam structure with thick cell walls and good structural integrity. Examples of molding methods that utilize blowing agents are described in US Pat. Nos. 3,669,898, 4,907,982, and 4,423,720. Flotation of minerals to concentrate mineral values can advantageously be carried out using the compositions of the invention, for example in foam form. This type of method is described in U.S. Pat.
Specification No. 4139481, Specification No. 4138350, No.
It is described in specification No. 4090927 and specification No. 3640862. Particular advantages of the compositions of the invention include the use of their extraordinary stability to provide temporary insulation to plants when freezing conditions are expected. Alkylbenzene sulfonates are preferred co-surfactants and the foam can be applied to plant leaves and the like. This kind of method is described in US Patent No. 3,669,898
It is disclosed in the specification of No. The range of practicalities possible with the compositions of the invention are:
It encompasses all of the above and many other areas. Typical compositions for use as light duty liquid detergent compositions in washing dishes contain from about 5% to about 50% of the surfactant mixture, preferably about 10%
% to about 40%, about 1% to about 50% a solvent selected from the group consisting of C _1-3 alkanols, C _1-3 alkanolamines, C _2-4 polyols, mixtures thereof, and the balance water. It is a particular advantage of the compositions of the invention that they can be prepared in concentrated form (up to about 50% by weight of the surfactant mixture) with only very small amounts of organic solvent and without the addition of expensive hydrotropic substances. . Additional foam enhancers or builders, such as trialkylamine oxides and fatty acid amides, can also be used in amounts up to about 20%. Fatty alcohols should not be used. The shampoo composition comprises about 1% to about 95%, preferably about 5% to about 20%, of the mixture of surfactants, about 1% to about 5% alkanolamide, about 0.5% to about 3% polymeric thickener. %, and the balance consists of water. Quick and easy rinsing is a particular advantage of the shampoo. Additional Components Compositions of the present invention can utilize other compatible components, such as other surfactants, in addition to the mixture of surfactants disclosed herein. In detergent compositions, the compositions include well-known ingredients such as small amounts of other surfactants, detergency builders, soil suspending agents, brighteners, abrasives, dyes, fabric conditioning agents,
It can contain hair conditioning agents, hydrotropes, solvents, fillers, clays, perfumes, and the like. Suitable ingredients include U.S. Pat. No. 4,166,039, No. 4,157,978.
Specification No. 4056481 Specification No. 4049586 Specification No. 4035257 Specification No. 4019998 Specification No.
It is disclosed in specification No. 4000080 and specification No. 3983078. The shampoo compositions of the present invention can contain any additional ingredients known in the art to be suitable for use in shampoos.
Examples of suitable additional ingredients, such as small amounts of other surfactants, are given in U.S. Pat. No. 4,089,945, 3,987,161.
No. 3,962,418. Of particular interest are components that modify the feel of aqueous solutions containing the foamable compositions of the present invention. For example, raising the pH to about 8.5 or higher with an alkaline substance or incorporating a tertiary alcohol as described in US Pat. No. 4,371,461. This type of ingredient is desirable for some consumers because the solution does not have the usual "soapy" feel associated with surfactant solutions. The following non-limiting examples are illustrative. Example Relative foam capacity comparison and consumer preference

[Table] Polyethoxylene
sodium _trisulfate
Rium
Remainder, water 84.0 70.0 70.0
Foaming
Relative volume of foam 110 125 220
(ml)(0.2〓solution)
The relative foam volume (ml) is determined by the following test method. Pour 100ml of the test solution at 115〓 (approximately 46.1℃) into a 500ml graduated cylinder. The test solution is stirred by repeated inversions of the graduated cylinder until further stirring does not increase the amount of foam in the cylinder. The height of the foam is measured directly on the cylinder scale subtracting the height of the liquid remaining in the cylinder. The test product was tested at a hardness of 7 grains/US gallon (Ca/Mg=3/
A test solution is prepared by adding 1) to water containing: Example Optimal alkyl polysaccharides, especially alkyl polyglucosides, have a hydrophilic-lipophilic balance of about 6 to about 27
HLB〓 and critical micelle concentration (CMC) lower than about 1000 ppm, preferably lower than about 500 ppm
It has 〓〓. Short chain alkyl polysaccharides in which the alkyl group has less than about 8 carbon atoms have an unacceptably high CMC, and greater than about 4 as shown in the table below where the alkyl group and glucoside chain length are varied. Alkyl polysaccharides with sugar units have unacceptably high HLBs.

[Table] As can be seen from the above data, (1): Longer pure glucoside chain length increases HLB and lowers the surface activity of the molecule (higher CMC), and (2): Shorter alkyl chain length increases monoglucoside even has an extremely high CMC. Example The following formulation was prepared.

【table】

Table: 1 gallon of water, 115 〓 (46.1°C), 7 grams in a 3 gallon dishwashing container using a standardized mixture of fats and proteins, carbohydrates and table vinegar under standard conditions under constant agitation. Formulation A, B and C were compared by developing hardness. 4 ml for each plate on dinner plates
stain, wash, and measure the height of foam after each 5 dishes. A total of 30 dishes are washed and the sum of the foam heights taken over the number of dishes washed is reported as the SDW grade. A B C SDW Grade 24 28.8 28.4 This data shows that the addition of small amounts of these amine oxides dramatically increases the number of dishes that can be washed. Similar results are obtained when a fatty acid amide, such as coconut fatty acid amide, diethanolamide, and/or isopropanolamide, is used in place of at least a portion of a particular amine oxide. example

[Table] Flavoring ingredients
The alkyl groups in the surfactants of Examples and can vary from about 10 to about 16 carbon atoms, and the cations are ammonium, sodium, potassium, monoethanolammonium, diethanolammonium, triethanolammonium, magnesium, or preferably mixtures thereof. can be. Any preferred alkyl polyglycoside can be used, as well as other known amine oxide and amide foam enhancers disclosed herein. Known analytical techniques can be used to determine the structure of the alkyl polysaccharide surfactants of the invention, such as measuring glucoside chain length, amount of butyl glucoside, free fatty alcohol content, and amount of unreacted polysaccharide. More specifically, gas or liquid chromatography can be used to determine the unreacted alcohol content and unreacted polysaccharide content, respectively. proton
Glycoside average chain length can be measured using nmr. The point of attachment of the hydrophilic part of the molecule to the hydrophobic part of the molecule can be determined by ¹³ Cnmr. Alkyl polysaccharide surfactants are a complex mixture. Their components vary depending on the nature of the starting materials and the reactions that produce them. Analytical standards useful in calibrating analytical equipment for specific alkyl polysaccharide surfactant components are available from Calbiochem Behring Company. These standards include, for example, octyl glucoside (Calbiochcm #494559);
Decyl Glucoside (Calbiochem #252715),
Dodecyl maltoside (Calbiochem #3243555)
This is the case. The HLB of the alkyl polysaccharide surfactants useful in the foamable compositions of the invention have the values shown in the examples.
The CMC will approximate the values shown in the same example.
Alkyl polysaccharide surfactants having the structures described herein and characterized by one or more standard analytical techniques will give the results shown in the examples above.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1 (1) Formula RO(R ¹ O) _t (Z) _x [wherein Z is a residue derived from a reducing sugar having 5 to 6 carbon atoms,
and R is an alkyl, alkylphenyl, hydroxyalkylphenyl, or hydroxyalkyl hydrophobic group, or a mixture thereof, wherein the alkyl group has from about 8 to about 18 carbon atoms; R ¹ has from 2 to about 4 carbon atoms; ; t is a number from 0 to about 30; and x is a number from about 1.5 to about 10]; an anionic co-surfactant selected from the group consisting of: (2) to (1) in a ratio of about 1:10 to about 10:1; (wherein R ⁷ is an alkyl group having about 8 to about 18 carbon atoms, and each R ⁸ is the same or different, hydrogen, C _1-3 alkyl group, C _1-3
an amide having _an alkanol group and a -( _C2H4O ) _1-4H group and mixtures thereof; (wherein R ⁴ is an alkyl group having about 8 to about 18 carbon atoms, each R ⁵ has 2 or 3 carbon atoms, b is 0 to about 30, and each R ⁶ is the same or different , C _1-3 alkyl group, C _1-3
an amine oxide _{having an} alkanol group; and (c) an amine oxide having an alkanol group _; A foamable composition comprising from about 2% to about 10% enhancer. 2 the co-surfactant is selected from the group consisting of alkylbenzene sulfonates, alpha-olefin sulfonates, alkyl sulfates, alkyl polyethoxylate sulfates, and paraffin sulfonates and mixtures thereof, and the cationic group is sodium, potassium, ammonium,
The composition of claim 1 selected from the group consisting of monoethanolammonium, diethanolammonium, triethanolammonium, calcium, magnesium and mixtures thereof. 3. The composition according to claim 2, wherein the co-surfactant is an alkylbenzene sulfonate. 4. The composition of claim 3, wherein the phenyl moiety of the alkylbenzene sulfonate is attached near the center of the alkyl chain and at least about 10% of the cations are magnesium. 5. The composition according to claim 2, wherein the co-surfactant is an α-olefin sulfonate. 6. The composition according to claim 2, wherein the co-surfactant is paraffin sulfonate. 7. The cosurfactant is (1) an alkylbenzene sulfonate in which the alkyl group has about 8 to about 13 carbon atoms, an α-olefin sulfonate in which the olefin group has about 10 to about 18 carbon atoms, or a mixture thereof from about 5% to about
(2) the alkyl group has about 10 to about 18 carbon atoms, and there are about 1 to about 6 ethoxylate groups, and about 10% to about 80% of the cationic groups are magnesium; The composition of claim 1 which is a mixture of about 5% to about 50% of an alkyl polyethoxylate sulfate. 8 Claim 1 in which x is a number from 1.5 to 4
The composition according to any one of Items 1 to 7. 9 Claim 1 in which x is a number from 1.6 to 2.7
The composition according to any one of Items 1 to 7. 10 (1) Formula RO(R ¹ O) _t (Z) _x [wherein Z is a residue derived from a reducing sugar having 5 to 6 carbon atoms,
and R is an alkyl, alkylphenyl, hydroxyalkylphenyl, or hydroxyalkyl hydrophobic group, or a mixture thereof (said alkyl group has from about 8 to about 18 carbon atoms); R ¹ has from 2 to about 4 carbon atoms;
t is from 0 to about 30; and x is about 1.5
(2) an anion selected from the group consisting of sulfates, sulfonates, carboxylates and mixtures thereof neutralized with one or more cationic groups; A co-surfactant (the ratio of (2) to (1) is about 1:10 to about 10:1) and (3)(a) formula (wherein R ⁷ is an alkyl group having about 8 to about 18 carbon atoms, and each R ⁸ is the same or different, hydrogen, C _1-3 alkyl group, C _1-3 alkanol group and -( _C2H4O ) amide selected from the group consisting of _{1 to 4 H} groups and mixtures thereof;
(b) Eq. (wherein R ⁴ is an alkyl group having about 8 to about 18 carbon atoms, each R ⁵ has 2 or 3 carbon atoms,
b is 0 to about 30, each R ⁶ is the same or different, and represents a C _1-3 alkyl group, a C _1-3 alkanol group, and a -(C ₂ H ₄ O) _1-6 H group and their from about 5% to about 10% of a surfactant with an auxiliary foam enhancer selected from the group consisting of (c) a mixture thereof; about 50%; and about 1% to about 50% of a solvent selected from the group consisting of C _1-3 alkanols, C _1-3 alkanolamines, C _2-4 polyols, and mixtures thereof, and the balance consisting of water. A light duty liquid detergent composition characterized by: 11 The co-surfactant is selected from the group consisting of alkylbenzene sulfonates, alpha-olefin sulfonates, and paraffin sulfonates, and the cationic groups are selected from the group consisting of sodium, potassium, ammonium, monoethanolammonium, diethanolammonium, triethanolammonium, magnesium and the like. 11. A composition according to claim 10 selected from the group consisting of mixtures. 12. The composition of claim 11, wherein at least 10% of the cationic groups are magnesium.