JPH02164755A - Concrete improver and improvement of concrete - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To absorb a poisonous component, etc., in cement and to eliminate a harmful effect on a human body by sprinkling powder or granules of a high molecular compd. contg. a carboxyl group and/or a sulfonic acid group on concrete to form a gelatinous layer on the surface of the concrete. CONSTITUTION:Powder or granules of a high molecular compd. contg. a carboxyl group and/or a sulfonic acid group are used as a concrete improver and brought into contact with concrete before or after placing by sprinkling or other method. A gelatinous layer is formed on the surface of the concrete, a poisonous component, strong alkali, etc., in the cement are absorbed in the layer and a harmful effect on a human body is eliminated.

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] [Industrial Application Field] This invention suppresses toxic alkali in cement and harmful free limestone discharged from concrete. This article relates to improved materials and methods for highly durable waterproof concrete that uses volcanic gravel and coal ash gravel to improve shrinkage cracks, strength and density, eliminate the need for waterproof mortar and waterproof sheets, and effectively utilize volcanic gravel and coal ash gravel.

[Conventional technology and problems]

(1) Asbestos used in construction has recently been found to be a carcinogenic substance, and improvements have been made. However, in Japan, there is still little evidence of whether cement is the cause of some unknown diseases that occur in concrete buildings and swimming pools. Although it has not been studied, 1 In the UK, after many years of testing, it was established that 60% of the causes of respiratory diseases, chest diseases, rheumatism, neuralgia, etc. in the British population were caused by cement, and the Food Sanitation Act of 1955 was enacted. Ta.

2. It is well known that when fresh concrete (hereinafter referred to as ready-mixed concrete) is held with bare hands, the skin becomes immediately irritated by the highly toxic alkali peculiar to cement, causing the epidermis to separate from ff1l+.

3 In addition, after concrete dries, invisible and harmful calcified fine dust (hereinafter referred to as dust) is emitted from the surface laitance and inside for a long period of time, and if this laitance and dust are left unattended, it can be inhaled by the human body. There is a ``hygiene problem'' in that it reacts with moisture and forms a highly toxic alkali, which is harmful to human health.

(2) Regarding the causes of frequent occurrence of laitance dust and the problem of low intensity.

1 Decrease in quality of aggregate due to lack of river sand and river gravel, specific gravity is 3
．． After the 01 large, calcareous, and uneven crushed stone with poor fluidity is placed, inorganic substances such as calcium, aluminum, silicon, and other metal ions that do not have a binding force between particles are eluted onto the surface of the ready-mixed concrete with breathing water, causing carbonation. Laitance mainly composed of calcium (hereinafter referred to as charcoal) occurs frequently, and when water evaporates, capillaries are formed and water permeates.

2 Also, as in the case of the Nanyo Shinkansen viaduct, which uses sea sand, the salt rots the reinforcing steel, which expands and breaks the concrete.
Acid rain penetrates into the cracks, causing the cracks to become larger and larger, and the reinforcing steel itself destroys the concrete, causing an irreversible ``aggregate problem.''

(3) If there is a lot of moisture, it becomes difficult for cement to adhere to it, reducing the adhesion (strength) of the aggregate.Also, crushed stone produced by pumping tends to form mountains, and the valleys become a mortar layer, where shrinkage cracks occur and the aggregate becomes unstable. ``Pumping method problem'' that is evenly distributed.

(4) There is also the problem of cement setting due to traffic congestion, long distances on site, complex concrete work, etc. ``The problem of overdue completion times.''

(5) Furthermore, in the past, mortar was applied on top of the concrete2.
It is a layered construction method. In this case, if the underlying concrete is dry, the moisture in the mortar will be rapidly absorbed and the cement will not fully set, creating dust.

On the other hand, if there is a lot of moisture, breathing water will rise to the surface and it will take several hours to complete the first trowel finish.The finishing process will be repeated 2 or 3 times, but the finish will be intermittent after each water draw time, and in winter it will extend into the night. There are cases.

When this happens, the time required for cement to finish setting is exceeded and a large amount of laitance, which has no bonding force, is generated, creating a problem with the long-duration construction method of the two-layer structure and three-step finishing.

(6) Furthermore, since construction sites are cured in the air, when moisture is rapidly taken away due to strong sunlight and exposure to cold winds, shrinkage cracks occur 100%, and charcoal is generated, resulting in the removal of this sticky powder. The most important ``aerial curing problem'' occurs when ready-mixed concrete condenses, such as the finishing tiles and waterproof sheets peeling off and water leaking, and the cement reacts with oxygen in the air, generating charcoal. It is.

(7) Next, the test specimen for the report submitted by the ready-mixed concrete company is taken from the ready-mixed concrete truck and tested for compressive strength under favorable conditions (JISA1108/Japanese Industrial Standards) under water curing at 20°C in an easy-to-place cylindrical metal form. Compared to the report, the building was poured using a pump truck that added water, and the wooden formwork was complicated with reinforcing bars, etc., and because it was poured into hard-to-reach places, there were jitters and joints, and the natural curing was poor. Because of the conditions, the problem is that the strength of the building is below the report. The above concrete has low strength and is dangerous in the event of an earthquake.

(8) Another problem is the problem of draining cement and ready-mixed concrete sewage at construction sites.

(9) "Building disease" of cement has been pointed out for a long time, as it is too late to solve problems such as itabi-itai disease, white wax disease, and the carcinogenicity of asbestos. For example, an office worker who joined a newly built building became pale and unwell after six months, and although there is a causal relationship with the air conditioner, it is better not to put a newborn baby in a newly built apartment...
It is also true that there are many people who have complained of rheumatism, neuralgia, etc. due to the testimonies of famous doctors, cement workers, and people whose homes and workplaces are made of concrete. In other words, the problem is that there is no system to check for toxicity during construction and when the building is completed.

Now that the results of the UK test have been released, if there is a negative effect on human health even by 1%, we as architects would
As a construction company, we also have a responsibility to prevent such accidents. This improvement allows for a healthy and bright living life, resulting in savings in national medical costs.
The tax burden on the people will be reduced.

(lO) With the passage of time, building structures and aggregates have changed, rational construction methods, new building materials have appeared, and living conditions have improved (equipped with air conditioning, heating, etc.), but behind the scenes, indoor condensation, mold, and dust mites, which are unique to concrete, are occurring. has occurred, and this combined pollution is causing serious problems such as frequent outbreaks of snails.

[Problem to be solved by the invention]

However, it is impossible to build a building without using cement, and pumping methods cannot be avoided due to construction time, cost, and lack of labor. In addition, crushed stone gravel, which has a lot of calcareous content and does not have good fluidity, has to be used because river gravel is depleted, and freezing water impairs fluidity, which limits pumping.

[Technical means and effects for solving the problem] The representative inventor of the present invention has been deeply interested in the roughness and dust on hands caused by the strong alkali of cement during construction work, and has already been involved in construction work since 1948.
) Started research on feces tank in 2007. As a result, they discovered that concrete that does not leak water contains less strong alkaline dust. At that time, I poured hand-kneaded concrete and put goldfish in it the next day.
Instant death in minutes. Even after using straw to remove the scum for a month, they were all destroyed within a week (water permeability 20%). In other words, concrete that absorbs water has low strength and has a high incidence of laitance, dust, and toxicity.

Therefore, "Method for preventing pinhole formation on the surface of cement products" Patent No. 928531, U.S. Patent No. 4031684,
Invented and put into practical use noncombustible products certified by the Japanese Minister of Construction (No. 1302).

Furthermore, in response to the current situation, the present invention first improves ready-mixed concrete, improves it at the time of pouring, and then improves the overall structure together with the base material after hardening. We discovered an improved material and method for creating high-quality concrete, and as a result of intensive research, we arrived at the present invention, which is simple and stable with 100% construction efficiency.

(1) In other words, the present invention is a 15) granular material (hereinafter referred to as granular polymer) of a polymer compound containing a carboxyl group and/or a sulfonic acid group, which is a toxic alkali of cement,
This is an improved material (first invention) that suppresses harmful free limestone emitted from concrete.

(2) Toxicity was measured using two methods: fish ecology experiments and atomic absorption spectroscopy. The results are shown in Table 1, along with examples of comparison with conventional methods.

2. Experiment and results: 1riJT on the apartment run
! After pouring '4E concrete and finishing with a metal trowel at the same time, spraying powdered polymer, and the next day adding two goldfish, carp, and crucian carp to the concrete and leaving it for one month, the survival rate was 100%.

3. On the other hand, the amount of metal ions in the powdered polymer gel that absorbed the strong alkali of cement was 41,830 PPM when measured using atomic absorption spectrometry, whereas the amount of metal ions in the goldfish swimming water was only 13 PPM, and the amount of calcium in the washing liquid was 41,830 PPM. 33.5PP
0.1 to 0.5 PP gate to prevent lη turbidity pollution during construction. (For comparison, the passing value for wastewater from a combined septic tank certified by the Minister of Construction is 20 PPM.) As a result of repeating similar experiments on steel-reinforced condominiums and steel-framed buildings, both survival rates and water stoppage rates were stable at 100%. The construction method was confirmed.

4. The mechanism of preventing the toxicity of cement is that the granular polymer absorbs and fixes calcium ions (Ca'') in the pleating water eluted from ready-mixed concrete, suppressing the production of calcium carbonate (CaCo3), the main component of laitance. This is based on the immobilization of Ca'' ions by the -CO〇- groups of the powder polymer. In other words, the toxic alkali of cement is chemically absorbed and immobilized by the positive ions of cement and the negative ions of powdered polymer, and the drippings are washed away from several pieces of living environments in concrete buildings and construction sites. "Treatment of cement sewage".

(2) Next, there is a concrete improving material (at the time of pouring and after completion) (second invention) in which the granular material is a mixture of a polymer compound and an extender.

By mixing the powder with fillers such as whitebait, ronfural, and a fungicide, the two coexisted to eliminate uneven distribution and promote water absorption, gelation, and fungicidal action.

2 For example, in the case of a second-floor slab, the powdered polymer sprinkled on the top of the formwork absorbs excess water from the ready-mixed concrete, accelerates hardening, and enables early demolding, improving the formwork turnover rate and reducing costs. .

3 In addition, after the formwork is taken apart, the rock wool fibers used as the bulking material anchor and stick to the concrete, and do not fall off even on the bottom surface.The jelly-like curtain has excellent water retention capacity due to gelation of the polymer, and is similar to underwater curing. showed the effect of ``increasing strength and density'' by completely hydrating cement and suppressing shrinkage cracks.

4 Furthermore, after the building is completed (dry), the mixture of granular polymer and rock wool absorbs the condensation peculiar to concrete, suppresses mold, ``prevents mold'', and eliminates the trouble of removing the improvement material. to make it work.

5 The water absorption rate of this polymer is 80 to 100% of the total absorption amount in 2 to 3 minutes. - Once absorbed, water will not be released even if pressure is applied, and the appearance and shape will not change even if about 50% of the moisture in the atmosphere is absorbed. Water absorption capacity is 1 kg
It absorbs tons of water and dries repeatedly. The rate of drying depends on the temperature and humidity, but it takes 1 to 5 days under the ceiling.

(3) Furthermore, a powder or granule of a polymer compound containing a carboxyl group and/or a sulfonic acid group is sprinkled or mixed so that the powder or granule comes into contact with the concrete before or after pouring. This is a method for improving concrete (third invention).

l This method can be used even if there are obstacles such as reinforcing bars due to the presence of powder and granules.
It can be sprayed arbitrarily with a spray gun, and by spraying the polymer while finishing the concrete lower surface (i.e. the lower floor ceiling) and finishing the surface after pouring, it can be applied to the upper surface (upper floor) without damaging footprints or the finished surface. Improved on both sides.

2 In addition, in the case of thick concrete, when the powder and granules are mixed with ready-mixed concrete, it absorbs the excess moisture of the entire ready-mixed concrete (even if the water is reduced), and the gelled particles of the powder and granules create a ball-hairing effect, causing fluidity. The plasticity of crushed stone, volcanic rock, and ash coal ash gravel, which have poor elasticity, was improved, and it was possible to faithfully express sharp and deep carved surfaces.

3 Furthermore, it absorbs the toxicity of cement and water, accelerating hardening, and the jelly-like structure retains water and prevents cracking, and when it dries, it creates an air layer similar to foamed concrete, making it lightweight, insulating, and preventing condensation. I had it. In other words, the third invention has become able to "improve both sides or the entire concrete at the same time."

(4) In addition, liquid polymer compounds containing calcium ligninsulfonate groups (hereinafter referred to as liquid polymers) can be used to terminate the setting of ordinary cement depending on the outside temperature, complex concrete work, and gold joints. By controlling the amount of time added, the curing process can be accelerated or retarded, similar to quick-setting cement, by mixing it in the plant and reducing the amount of water in the entire ready-mixed concrete before pouring to prevent shrinkage. This is an improved method (fourth invention) characterized by eliminating the need for a waterproof sheet, and in which the improved water-absorbing polymer of claim 1.2.3 is used in combination as necessary to prevent freezing of concrete with a gel base during cold winds.

1. When the outside temperature is -5 degrees Celsius, conventional ready-mixed concrete drains slowly and finishing with a metal trowel often takes place overnight. In this case, the final setting time of cement (ordinary Portland cement finishes setting is 3 hours and 40 minutes) (JISR5210.
The standard softness water amount (28%) was exceeded, and laitance, which had no bonding force between particles, occurred frequently, requiring a great deal of effort to remove, and the two-layer method of applying mortar later caused cracks in which the mortar peeled off. . In addition, conventionally, the frozen surface was pressed down the next day, but the cement did not harden and turned into dust. On the other hand, calcium chloride is sprayed after installation for frost protection, but it rots the reinforcing steel and is not good. Therefore, it is possible to adjust the curing time of ready-mixed concrete using water reduction and delay or curing acceleration and plasticity effects of the liquid polymer to enable one-shot simultaneous finishing. Due to its antifreeze effect, we have obtained highly durable waterproof concrete that eliminates the need for mortar coating, pump trucks, and waterproof sheets. In other words, this is an improvement immediately after concrete is poured.

2.Conversely, when conventional ready-mixed concrete leaves the plant and arrives at the site, the ready-mixed concrete in the mixer fights with its own heat generation and sunlight to accelerate condensation, and since it cannot be pumped directly, water must be added at the site. Send it to the roof. For example, when the outside temperature is 40°C, the direct temperature on the steel frame/deck plate reaches 90°C to 105°C, and ordinary ready-mixed concrete loses fluidity and hardens shortly after pouring, reducing workability and resulting in poor surface finish. It is common to apply a waterproof mortar finish and then affix a waterproof sheet. The improved method of the present invention uses the delay and plasticity effects of the liquid polymer to create a one-layer (integrated) finish on ready-mixed concrete that will not peel off, eliminating the need for waterproof sheets that need to be replaced every 10 years, and making it possible to use volcanic ash or coal ash aggregate, making it lightweight. The concrete roof has been improved to be ideal for its thermal insulation properties, glossy surface similar to that of pottery, and good drainage of rainwater.

(5) Next, a plurality of shallow box-shaped independent ponds with an area of 1 ion (and 30 m or less) are formed adjacent to each other on the steel-framed concrete roof, and the improvement according to claim 1 is formed within these adjacent joints. This is an improved method (third invention) characterized by filling the container with a waterproof mortar and a waterproof sheet.

l In Japan, the outside temperature is 1,574,100℃ throughout the four seasons.
For example, when the outside temperature is 40°C, the direct temperature of a steel frame roof base deck plate will range from 90°C to 105°C.
It becomes ℃.

The folded plates with a large surface area, which had been shrinking during the night, were exposed to intense sunlight during the most important period for the cement to start setting after pouring the ready-mixed concrete, causing the plate to elongate and the concrete to shrink dramatically and shrink to 100%. Cracks. For this reason, the conventional construction method is to apply waterproof mortar and then attach a waterproof sheet, but organic and inorganic materials cannot coexist.
Let go. As this structure repeatedly expanded and contracted throughout the seasons, the cracks became even larger, requiring a great deal of effort and expense to repair the leaks.

2 Therefore, the inventors first divided the concrete roof into areas of 10 ITI and 30 m or less, and created multiple adjacent shallow box-shaped independent ponds. Water was stored in these ponds and the entire surface of the roof was water-cooled to prevent the expansion of the iron material. On the other hand, the concrete was protected from sunlight, replenished with water through underwater curing, and at the same time, the cement was completely hydrated to increase its strength and hardness, creating watertight concrete without capillaries, so the roof could be left as exposed concrete. It was able to stop water 100%.

3. If the shape of the roof does not allow for water storage due to site conditions, or if the concrete is frozen, the granular polymer of the present invention will gel when sprinkled on the concrete surface, forming an agar-like protective screen with a thickness of approximately 1 cm, which is similar to underwater curing. It has the function and effect of

4 In addition, during a major earthquake, the M root of the steel frame deforms into the shape of a ``he'' shape, but Ion (roofs that are separated by 30 m or less (like several shallow boxes lined up)) Concrete roofs do not break because unnecessary force is released due to impact. Even if there is a gap in the caulking of adjacent joints, the water-absorbing polymer temporarily retains mountain water and prevents rain from leaking, and the steel frame is rust-proofed, making it highly durable. By getting a waterproof concrete roof, Dai 111 was able to reduce construction time and costs.

(6) Furthermore, the present invention provides a method for dispersing the water-insoluble water-absorbing resin according to claim 3 after pouring and compacting conventional ready-mixed concrete, and discharging the laitance floated together with excess water by tapping. It is characterized by an improved method (sixth invention) when pouring conventional ready-mixed concrete.

■ An improvement method that allows conventional ready-mixed concrete to be used as is, for example, by absorbing water under the top floor slab with a water-absorbing polymer, then pouring ready-mixed concrete on the top surface, carefully compacting it, and using tapping in combination to remove excess moisture. At the same time, water is squeezed out and the laitance that floats to the surface is discharged from the drain using the water gradient (prevention of pollution). At the same time, the metal trowel finish is applied, and the water is absorbed from both the top and bottom by spraying water-absorbing polymer. 3. Water/cement The ratio is 4 before condensation (conventional 70%)
The water was reduced to below 0%.

2 As a result, the cement is (70%-40%-)30%
This means that the initial JlJ strength can be achieved in 4 days (compared to the conventional 4 weeks), increasing the turnover rate of formwork and supports, shortening the construction period, and improving quality by reducing costs and preventing laitance. did. (Conventional ready-mixed concrete has a slow initial strength (According to the Building Standards Act, beams and underfloor supports must be installed for at least 4 weeks) (7) Next, before pouring, make sure to bury the drain within the thickness of the concrete. A concrete roof that is attached to the center of the drain so that excess water is naturally discharged with a pipe that maintains an arbitrary water depth, and that water is stored on the entire surface of the roof, eliminating the need for waterproof mortar and waterproof sheets. This is a method for improving a part (seventh invention).

l In a concrete slab, a hole is made in a plate-like material with a thickness of 51 mm that can be used to fix the roof drain at the desired height, and a drain that cannot be replaced even if it corrodes is installed inside the concrete. (Similar to reinforcing steel), it was buried to prevent corrosion (the conventional method was to install it after pouring concrete and fill it with mortar, which was tedious and had a leakage rate of 80%). 100%
Water stoppage will be determined by fixing the concrete by pouring it in place at the same time.

2 Then, attach a PVC pipe with a diameter of 3 cm to the center of the drain.
The water was attached to a length of 0 cm with clay so that it could be moved up and down, adjusting the water depth according to the shape of the roof, and also allowing natural drainage during rain. By doing this, water cooling suppresses the expansion of the deck plate at high temperatures, prevents cracks and dust that protect the concrete surface even in strong sunlight, and also allows the cement to undergo a complete hydration reaction, improving the overall watertightness of the concrete. This is an important drain faucet. In addition, during pouring, fresh concrete water is drained from the drain through temporary planting, which prevents sewage from scattering into the neighborhood and eliminates construction pollution by treating strong alkaline water.

3 Furthermore, the faucet is made of conventional ready-mixed concrete with a high moisture content.
This is an important indicator for measuring the slope, direction, and depth of water on a roof. The rooftop has a severe water gradient of 1/100, which means 10c.
After checking the water gradient etc., remove the tap and let the breathing water drain naturally.
Furthermore, after the laitance is forcibly discharged and finished with a metal trowel, the water is turned on to store water immediately after the cement begins to set. This faucet pipe is fixed inside the container with clay.

4. The benefits of storing water are in addition to the ones mentioned above.■ Water pressure is added, making it easier to find leaks (water can leak even in gaps the size of a single hair). ■It is extremely difficult to completely eliminate the gaps in the large area of the roof, the start-up (pour joint) part, and the intricate formwork [due to poor pouring skills that cannot keep up with the rapid pump driving]. be. However, by storing water, the water that had been seeping out from the gaps between the joints, separators, and bolts stopped immediately. The reason for this is that the water from the stain elutes calcium ions (Ca"°) from the cement, which reacts with oxygen in the air to produce calcium carbonate (CaCo'), which closes the small holes where the stain appeared with white crystals. However, after 2 to 3 days, it was found that the water was 100% watertight.

The drain plug installed under water on the roof is tapered to facilitate quick installation and removal depending on the installation process.

(8) Bed sand and bed gravel whose particle size has been adjusted to large, medium and small are mixed with claim 3 (improving material for water-insoluble water-absorbing resin) into ordinary cement, and then kneaded with the aqueous solution of claim 4 (liquid polymer). It is a lightweight concrete that has the same strength as ordinary concrete (
180 kg/Ca or more at 28 days old),
A method for improving lightweight concrete (eighth invention), characterized by imparting heat insulation and dew proof properties, and using the method according to claim 6 as necessary.

(Note) Particle size of bed sand - 0.3 to 5fl Coarse particle rate 1.81% Particle size of ash gravel - 5 to 25 sn J I S A1102
(Japanese Industrial Standards aggregate sieve content depends on the test method)
Volcanic ash is abundant throughout Japan, and is inexpensive, lightweight, heat-insulating, and
Although concrete aggregate has excellent fire resistance, it remains as an unused resource, while coal ash (soot) is discarded in various countries in China.

2. The reason why it is not used is that the combination of floor sand and floor gravel has a low 28-day strength of 50 to 90 kg/crA (class 5 lightweight concrete, Architectural Institute of Japan standards), which has a structural strength of 180 kg. /cn1 or higher and could not be used. The reason for this is: 1. The compressive strength of the bed gravel itself is 15 to 30 kg/clI+ or less. 0
If the particle shape is uneven and the water absorption rate of the foam is 25% or more, fluidity is lost and workability is poor. ◎If water is added to improve workability, the water/cement ratio will be large and strength will not be achieved. ■Water that has entered the bubbles after pouring leaks, causing a lot of laitance along with breathing water, causing the cement (adhesive) to swell and further reducing its strength. [F] The specific gravity of ash gravel is 0°7 to 1717,
At a cement level of 3.17, ash and gravel surface when pouring ready-mixed concrete.

In other words, the aggregate and cement separate and shrinkage cracks occur in an uneven distribution, which is a fatal drawback, and the conventional technology cannot be used in architectural structures.

3. In the present invention, by first adding the water-insoluble water-absorbing resin of claim 3, (1) the water-absorbing resin absorbs excess water and leaves water, and the obtained water-insoluble resin absorbs water to form jelly-like granules. This improves fluidity due to the action of ball bearings.

■ The viscosity has further increased and there is no lifting or separation of light bed gravel.

■ In addition, by adjusting the particle size, we determine the ratio of large, medium, and small gravel and bed gravel, and by arranging the appropriate amount of each, we minimize the space between each aggregate, eliminate waste of cement, and prevent shrinkage cracking of mortar.■ 4 Overcompressive strength is 301 ~347 kg/cl
l, bending strength 51.2 kg/cJ, reinforcing bar adhesion strength 128
kg/cJ, which is more than three times the conventional amount, and can be fully utilized for structures. The results are shown in Table 2, along with a comparison with the conventional method.

[Test Report No. 21429, page 20, Building Materials Testing Center] 4. This method allows the use of conventional ready-mixed concrete production equipment as is, enables pumping (vertical rods, etc.) at construction sites, and reduces work softness to slump. It was formulated to 10 to 12clI.

5. The obtained concrete has heat insulating and dew-proofing properties as the granules that absorb water form an air layer as it dries, and are lightweight (1.4 to 1.8 in terms of ready-mixed concrete gravity), making it suitable for use in reinforced concrete, steel frame structures, and wooden houses. Suitable for floors, energy saving, soundproofing, and fireproofing.

(9) Finally, the mortar obtained by dry-mixing the wet floor sand with the cement according to claim 5 for 9 times, sprinkling the surface of the ash sand, and then kneading with the aqueous solution according to claim 4. Sprinkle the surface of the bed gravel in a surface-dry state with
The strength is '9! This is a method for improving lightweight concrete (ninth invention), characterized in that the strength is developed to be equivalent to 28 days or more of continuous concrete.

1. In the present invention, first, the bed sand is squeezed by hand to moisten it to the extent that it does not lose its shape, and then it is mixed with a fine mixture of Viffi cement and the surfactant of claim 5 and Kira or Shirasu/Soot A4-. The cement and mixture then adhere to the wet sand surface.

2. Continuing, when surface-dry bed gravel is added to the mortar that has been kneaded with the aqueous solution of the liquid polymer of claim 4, the surface of the bed gravel is laminated with mortar adhering to it in a snow-dried manner, and the uneven bed gravel is formed. It has a spherical shape.

3. Add such a mixture and make the appropriate S/A (sand/
By devising the mixing ratio of (gravel), the order in which materials are added, and the kneading method, the foamed gravel is first blocked to prevent water absorption, and ■ water/
The cement ratio (conventional 70%) was reduced to 45%, and as a result, the reduced water content increased the amount of cement by 25% (70% - 45% -), resulting in high strength and strength.

■ Furthermore, the uneven and soft bed gravel becomes spherical due to the dusting effect, ■ The mortar layer becomes like the space between egg shells, and the compaction reaches the third stage.
The initial strength was 408 kg/ct&, which is 5 times higher than conventional products. Test report m13 (National Toyohashi University of Technology, Structural Materials Laboratory, attached 88'8'23).

4. In the combination of bed sand and ash gravel according to the present invention, the mechanism of strength increase is that free calcareous material in cement is converted into aggregate by adding liquid of a polymer compound containing calcium lignin sulfonate group according to claim 4. reacts with silicic acid to form insoluble silicate, resulting in the so-called Boduran effect and the aforementioned ■■■■
This is thought to be due to the synergistic effect of

5. This method is for "flat hitting" with a slump of 2 to 3 cm.
It has excellent initial strength, can be demolded the next day, and improves the rate of mold rotation. Therefore, it is suitable for PC boards (fabricated houses) and two-shot concrete products that require high strength (noncombustible sculpture building materials, etc.).

The mixture of Kira or Whitebait of the present invention utilizes "Shirasu crumbling" and the synergistic effect of the liquid admixture improves plasticity due to the action of ball bearings.

It is common to judge that hard ready-mixed concrete with a slump of 2 to 3 cffi is not soft enough to be poured into molds (using common sense), but the moment the vibrator is applied, the nucleated concrete Water flows between the reinforcing bars and into every corner of the formwork, and water permeates through the jhumka (nests and slabs that occur during concrete pouring, reducing the compressive strength by half.) Preventing this occurrence is important in improving the quality of concrete. A dense and beautiful surface and strength were obtained without the important items of improvement) 6. What is shirasu collapse?... Kagoshima's shirasu (volcanic ash) plateau causes landslides during typhoons, and many people are buried alive. -If you do not handle it properly, it will cause what is called "shirasu collapse" during rain. Although this fluidity mechanism is not yet clear, the present invention utilized it to the contrary.

〔Example〕

The present invention will be further explained below with reference to Examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto.

Example 1 Improvement material (for spraying) A water-absorbing resin starch-sodium polyacrylate copolymer powder (hereinafter referred to as improvement material 1) was uniformly dotted onto ready-mixed concrete at a rate of 30 g/d. It was used as an improved material.

Example 2 Improved material (for kneading) The amount of improved material 1 used was 150g/r+? The improved material 2 of the present invention was prepared in exactly the same manner except for the following.

Example 3 Improved material (for spraying) Improved material 3 of the present invention was prepared in the same manner except that 169 g/% of whitebait (produced in Kagoshima) and 1 g/rd of a fungicide were used together with improved material 1.

Example 4 Improved material (for walls) Improved material 4 of the present invention was prepared in exactly the same manner as in Example 3, except that 3 g/m of water-soluble resin adhesive was used in combination.

Example 5 Improvement material (for ceiling/floor) Improvement material 1, rock wool 60g/rd, and moldproofing agent 1
The improved material 5 of the present invention was prepared in exactly the same manner except that g/rd and Kira powder granules were used in combination.

Example 6 Improved material Example 6 of the present invention was prepared in the same manner as in Examples 1 and 2 except that sodium polyacrylate was used in place of improved material 1.

Example Improved mix of 7g concrete (river sand/crushed gravel) Water/cement ratio 55% or less, unit volume of cement 300k
g/rr 1 or more, fine aggregate (S/A) ratio 46%, slump 10cm or less, air content 2% or less, field nominal strength 220
The basic composition was k+r/d or more. [Revised version (1) below
].

Example 8 Improved formulation of lightweight ready-mixed concrete (volcanic sand: volcanic gravel, coal bed sand, coal ash gravel).

(1) For vertical casting: water/cement ratio 58% or less, unit cement Ji 330 kg/cn1 or more, particle size 5-1
0m 569kg/i, 10-15m self 604k
g/n, 15-20mm 103 kg/r
r? The surface dry mass of is coarse aggregate (gravel), and the particle size is 0.3 to 5.
1 quantity coarse grain ratio 1.81% as fine aggregate (sand), (S/A ratio) 48%, slump 10-12 cI11 or less, air amount 4
% or less, and the field nominal strength is 250 kg/cJ or more. [Hereinafter referred to as light distribution (1)] (2) For flat laying: water/cement ratio 35%, slab 12~
The improved formulation of the lightweight ready-mixed concrete of the present invention was made in exactly the same manner except that the thickness was changed to 3 cm. [Hereinafter referred to as light distribution (2)] Example 9 When conventional ready-mixed concrete is used as it is, according to the mixing standard [plant report], water is added at the site using a pump, so it contains a lot of moisture, so it must be carefully tightened with a pipe breaker after pouring. While solidifying, excess water is squeezed out using tapping, and the laitance eluted together with breathing water is forcibly discharged from the drain via a groove with a water gradient (to prevent pollution) and left for about 30 minutes. Furthermore, breathing water will rise to the surface, but if left as is, it will drain naturally following the direction of the water gradient. After that (about 2 hours), the cement has been washed away from the drainage ditch, so we reapply mortar and level the entire surface with a wooden trowel again. Finish and store water for 7 days.

Large properties and top floors have parapets, capstones, and other paraphernalia, so it takes longer for the sun to set than on intermediate slabs, and the QIR drops rapidly in the winter, so we used an improvement of Example 1 + A' 1 powder/grain polymer. Spray only on the ground, check the gelling curing curtain, and prevent sudden moisture build-up due to freezing, cold winds, or strong sunshine.
Improved to prevent shrinkage crack from occurring.

Example 10 Admixture for improving ready-mixed concrete A liquid substance of a polymer compound containing calcium ligninsulfonate groups (hereinafter referred to as improver 7) was used to improve the admixture of accelerated type 5.11 to 10.2 (4/m, ^7) at low temperatures. ; J-roll type 0.97!~1.81/rr? at room temperature, skewer type 1β~ at room temperature
2e/rr (is added at the plant. The composition will vary slightly depending on the distance between the ready-mixed concrete and the site, the type of aggregate, the place of placement, etc.) In the case of effective use of volcanic gravel/coal ash gravel, add 10 to 20% to the above. Coal ash gravel from Tokyo/Oshima, Kagoshima, Ka7mai Heritage, China coal ash gravel, etc. have different specific gravity, shape, and water absorption depending on the production area, so we conduct test kneading to determine workability, compressive strength, elastic modulus, and reinforcing bar. Wear strength, bending strength, drying shrinkage,
After confirming stability, breathing, etc., correct the particle size mix, cement star, and water/cement ratio.

Example 11 Lightweight fresh concrete improved mixture waterproofing agent 0.7
The improved material (hereinafter referred to as improved material) was a powder mixture of Kira or Shirasu/Soot 11 with i% cement weight and 5 cement ffN1t%.

Example 12 In the volcanic and coal ash aggregate staffing method and material input order of Example 8 for manual hammering, the surface of whitebait (fine aggregate) W Kjl
442kg/n for the 4 major states? Ordinary Portland cement 330 ktr/r+? was put into a forced kneading mixer, and the improver 7 of Example 1O was mixed at 8.3/! /rt? Same as 1
1 improved lumber at 2.3 kg/n (, water 1987'/ff
Knead l for 1 minute? 634 kg/I of Oshima volcanic debris in a dry state was added to the obtained mortar and kneaded for a total of 3 minutes. The volcanic debris was mashed with mortar to obtain a kneading method for flattening.

For vertical driving, the conventional plant can be used as is.

For coal ash and coal ash gravel produced in China, kg/I is corrected by the difference in specific gravity. In other words, the volume is reduced by the amount of weight.

Example 13 Roof drain installation method As shown in Fig. 1, a roof drain 101 is attached to a ready-mixed concrete pouring M with a thickness of 5
A hole 103 is made in the center of the amm diameter 24c so that the top of the drain 101 fits in the center (taper) of the concrete thickness 102, and a drain flange 104 is formed, and the formwork is
Or the deck plate 105 is l thicker than the drain 101.
A cm-large hole 106 was drilled and this was inserted. (l
The big thing is a playable game where you run away from obstacles such as reinforcing bars.
To make it easier to insert. Cement glue does not leak because the collar 104 is in close contact with it. (This is an important part for 100% water-stopping) Example 14 Roof drain plug A PVC pipe 107 with a diameter of 3 cm is placed in the center of the drain +01 to a length of 40 cJn so that it can be moved up and down freely, and the water depth can be adjusted according to the shape of the roof. Also, it was made possible to naturally release excess water during rainy days. The pipe 107 of the drain plug 108 is glued with clay 109 inside the container, and the drain 101
The stopper 108 is tapered and detachable.

Example 15 Steel structure, deck plate base roof, steel frame temperature 50℃ or higher.

As shown in Figure 2, set the roof slope (previously l/100).
2/100, reinforcement is placed on the deck plate, and 3 of the roof is
Example 1: Underwater with a +-length of 5rl x 4m in the row direction
The plug 108 of Example 14 was attached to the drain 101 of No. 3.

Next, Styrofoam 110 thickness 2CIfi, height 20cm
(2) Into a formwork divided into shallow box-like independent ponds, mix the ready-mixed concrete mixed with the improved ready-mixed concrete composition 2 of Example 8 and the liquid polymer retardant type improver 7 of Example IO at 1.6/1.
/m' added at the plant to a thickness of 1OC11, and while carefully compacting it with a pie break, it was compacted to a length of 4.
Use 5m tapping to smooth out unevenness and create volcanic sand 111.
Push the head of coal ash gravel well and make a mortar layer of about 1 CI.
11 When it rose, we leveled it with a wooden trowel, assembled 9 CI 11 square wooden frames on the outer circumference divided into 4 m x 5 m so that the embankment was 9 cm thick, and made a floating frame, and poured the ready-mixed concrete to form the embankment and floor. After making it into an integrated pond, finish it with a metal trowel, then apply a second <mvh> finish with a metal trowel, leave it, and after 1 hour, place it on the water to a depth of at least 5 cm (train pipe 107).
Set it up, store it in water, and leave it there for a week to cure it in water under water pressure.

After draining and drying, the Styrofoam 110 was cut to a depth of 2 cffi as shown in FIG. 3, and 100 g/M of water-absorbing polymer, which was the improved material 1 of Example 1, was put into it and caulk 112 was filled. This is the method of improving steel roof concrete "at high temperatures" of the present invention.

1 By doing this, workability was improved even with volcanic gravel and coal ash gravel, which have poor plasticity, due to delay and workability effects even at high temperatures, and a lightweight, heat-insulating concrete I'd root was obtained.

2 In addition, water cooling suppresses the contraction of concrete and prevents cracks, contrary to the expansion of steel.

3. Even if the roof is deformed during an earthquake, the concrete will not bend or break at the buffer area between it and the adjacent land (similar to a train connection).

4 Even if there is an unfortunate gap in the joint (caulking joint) of the adjacent/independent part 111, the water-absorbing polymer temporarily stores the rainwater and dries repeatedly, so there are no complaints about leakage, and there is no need for waterproof mortar or waterproof sheets, making it durable. Improved with concrete waterproof roof.

Example 16 Same as in Example 15 when the outside temperature is below minus 5°C.
/rrr was added, and while performing the second finishing with a metal trowel (final), the powdered polymer of Improved Material 1 was sprinkled, and in the same manner except that water was not stored, the steel frame roof "at low temperatures" of the present invention was prepared. - Improved method for preventing freezing of lightweight concrete.

Example 17 Roof of a reinforced concrete condominium when the outside temperature is 35°C or higher.

FIG. 4 shows a plan view of a reinforced concrete roof. First, drains 101 of Example 13 were inserted into the four corners of the beam direction 13 m x girder direction 17 m x depth 13 cm.
I used a stopper 10B. Next, as shown in FIG.
After applying reinforcing bars 114 and electric wires to the upper surface, the improved material 5r of Example 5 + mixed wool was uniformly sprayed with a spray gun, and the crushed stone of Example 7 and the improved mixture I with a water/cement ratio of 55% were mixed with Example 10. Liquid polymer retarded type of modifier 7 of 1.
After 30 minutes of pouring the 4//m mixed ready-mixed concrete, leveling with a wood trowel, and finishing with a metal trowel (final) for the second time, set the drain vibrator 107 so that the water is 5 cm deep above the water and store water. After leaving it for a week, the waterproofing of the highly durable concrete framework of the present invention was completed. This eliminates the need for waterproof mortar and waterproof sheets, and prevents condensation and mold on the ceiling. In addition, since the temperature of the roof surface reaches 18 degrees Celsius with a wind speed of 3 m at minus 5 degrees Celsius, instead of storing water, powdered polymer of Improved Material I is sprayed and water is retained with a gel curtain to prevent shrinkage cracks and freezing.

Example 18 When conventional ready-mixed concrete is used as is at the same low temperature.

In Example 17 (reinforced concrete at high temperature), the improved method of the present invention was carried out in exactly the same manner as in Example 1 except that only the water absorbing material was sprayed. The water-absorbed polymer dries and adheres to the concrete as it hardens, but if left as is, it will naturally wash away when it rains, so there is no need to wash it with water.

Example 19 2nd floor floor slab, outside air: around 820℃.

In Example 17, liquid polymer standard type 11 of modifier 7 of Example 10! Add /rrr and use a metal trowel (final) 2
While performing the second finishing, the improving material 5 of Example 5 was sprinkled and left to stand, and the same procedure was used except that water was not stored, thereby providing an improvement method for "both upper and lower surfaces" of the present invention.

Example 20 Same as above, regardless of the outside temperature outside the wall board.

After assembling the outer formwork and wiring as described later, water was sprinkled on the inner surface of the inner formwork, and improved material 4 of Example 4 was sprinkled with a spray gun to form liquid polymer standard type 11/M, which is improved material 7 of Example 1O. The "outer wall type surface" of the present invention was improved by pouring and leaving (curing) ready-mixed concrete with the improved ready-mixed concrete formulation of Example 7 with the addition of . The improvement material gels immediately after being sprayed, but this is not a problem since it takes 4 to 5 days before the floor formwork is assembled and poured, and the material has dried and adhered to the floor and absorbs water during pouring.

Example 21 Same as outside of wall board.

In Example 20, the improved material 4 of Example 4 was also applied to the outer frame.
In the same way, both sides J of the inner wall (partition part) of the present invention were improved.

Example 22 Cast-in-place lightweight, heat-insulating, precast floor/wall/roof board. (Assembly housing) Level the ground horizontally to a thickness of 5 cm x width of 5 m x length of 5 m.
A concrete floor concrete panel with a thickness of 91 mm is laid out on top of this as a base, and the floor and roof plates are made of concrete molds with a thickness of 13 cm x width of 4 m x length of 4 m (the wall panels are 3 m wide). Liquid polymer-promoted type 10n/n, which is the improving agent 7 of Example 10, was prepared by distributing reinforcement 5 in Example 5.
Lightweight ready-mixed concrete of formulation 2 of the improved ready-mixed concrete of Example 8 was poured and leveled horizontally using the top of the mold as a ruler. Leave it alone.

The next day, a control panel was placed on top of this as in +tiJ, and the same process was repeated until the number of panels for one house was reached, and the cast-in-place precast concrete slab of the present invention was improved.

One week later, it is assembled using a crane truck using a known method.

Example 23 Concrete finished product (lightweight garden stone) Natural stone with urethane rubber thickness from 5 dragons to log 1i
A piece of cloth was made to form an inner mold, and FRP was applied to the outside to a thickness of about 5111 to 10 mm, and reinforcing reinforcing bars were attached to form an outer frame.

Colored cement of the same color as the natural stone powder was added to one side of this split formwork at a ratio of 3% by weight, and the accelerated liquid polymer as modifier 7 of Example 10 was added to it as lQf,/n? The paste was added and kneaded, and the resulting paste was sprayed onto the inner surface of the mold using a spray gun to a thickness of 3 to 5 m to form a decorative layer. Leave to stand for 30 minutes, then add powder and granular material t of improved material 2 of Example 2 into this.
Add sog, 'm to improved formulation 2 of Example 8, knead and cast. The other υ1 formwork was made in the same way, and the cast split molds were joined and screwed together, and then vibration was applied to integrate them into one piece. method.

Example 24 Same (Sculpture Mural) In Example 23, the urethane rubber wall was 3 to 3 cm deep.
X III3Qcm The same method was used to improve the concrete mural of the present invention.

Example 25 Same (Large, lightweight, heat-insulating engraved tile) In Example 24, depth 12-181mm x RL120
A method for improving the concrete tiles of the present invention was made in exactly the same manner except that a 4-piece urethane rubber formwork of 40 cm x 40 cm long was used.

Example 26 Improvement of wooden houses, underfloor moisture-proof concrete, etc. A simple method of pouring conventional ready-mixed concrete, leveling with a known wooden trowel, and spreading the improved material of Example 3 using a sieve is sufficient. This was designated as method (A) for improving the underfloor moisture-proof concrete of the present invention.The cost of the improved material is as low as 150 yen/m.

Ichihiki Public Corporation Specifications for Wooden Buildings - Mixture and strength of concrete for cloth foundations and other concrete: water/cement ratio of 70-60% or less, nominal strength: 135 kg/cJ, 2-5 at temperature of 15°C or higher.
below 195 kg/cn1. (Ministry of Construction Notification and Publications Common Specifications, p. 1987-95), if waterproofing is required for balconies, etc., liquid polymer label [? Type 1. When 'bp/rrr is moderated, the water/cement ratio in Example 7 becomes 55% or less and the actual strength increases to 301 kg/cJ (B),
There is no generation of laitance dust. The surface is shiny like a pottery.

Further, Example 8, an improved method using a heat insulating aggregate of volcanic gravel/coal ash gravel, a water/cement ratio of 52% or less, and a liquid polymer promoting type, which is the improver 7 of Example 1O, in combination with 8.3 ρ/bo ( If you choose C), 1. The synergistic effect of dew-proof and water-tight concrete will prevent rotting fungi such as Namida mushrooms (cold-cold earth)
The durability of wooden houses will be improved by further suppressing the occurrence of cotton wool fungi (in warm regions).

2 In addition, harmful gases and dust can be chemically suppressed at landfill sites, thereby ``improving the living environment'' (as stipulated by the Building Standards Law in IEC countries).

3. When volcanic gravel from Oshima, Tokyo, and Kagoshima sand or coal bed sand/coal ash gravel are used in single concrete for single-family homes or continuous floor beds (254N), the sound insulation effect will help prevent floor noise. Its performance is as follows: (a) Sound insulation test results/center frequency (llz) to.

~5000: i3 overload (dB) 32~56 - Building sound insulation grade D40~D45, the calculated value on the mass side is (
It is 23 kg/r+().

(b) Heat insulation test results (flat plate direct method) - average temperature 43.
6-15.0°C: temperature difference 6.2-6.5"C - thermal conductivity 0.42-0.39 Kcal/mh°C.

(c) Dew resistance test results/moisture permeability coefficient 0.071 to 0.06
9 Gg/n? hmml1g: Tooru? UILe anti-14.1-14.5Rvmhmml1g/g=i
! i? W rate 0.0011~0.0011Pg/mh
mmllg.

(d) Compressive strength test results/Lightweight concrete Type 5 9Q
kg/c+J, the improved method of the present invention reached more than three times the strength. The strength of the material is 231 kg/c4 in 3 days, which is equivalent to the 4-week strength of conventional heavy concrete.This result is due to the continuous process and improved turnover rate of temporary materials, ``cutting costs and construction time in half.''
I was able to do it, and it was still 268 kg/cd in 7 days.316 kg/cd in 28 days.
It is. (Generally, the required strength of heavy concrete used in building construction is 210 kg/cJ or more).

(E) Elastic modulus test results: 227.7 days after material age 3 days
63.310 x 10' Kgf / (N
/mm'').

(f) Specific gravity test results Toyohashi Ishinomaki crushed stone surface dry 3.01, Oshima volcanic gravel bone dry 1.37 (1/2.2) Kagoshima whitebait
Bone dry 2.05 (1/1.5) Harunayama gravel Bone dry 0.96 (1/3.1) Chinese coal ash Bone dry 0.
Light, less than 70 (1/4.3).

(G) Breathing test results - Breathing amount 0.13
~0.15 (cd/cd), JIS A 1
123. [Test report No. 21429] This report is for precast concrete structures, but if you use volcanic gravel or coal ash gravel from Kagoshima, Haruna, Hokkaido, etc. instead of Oshima volcanic gravel, In addition to fully satisfying the strength of the National Treasury specifications, the performance of (b) (c) (f) is further improved. The above (A), (B), and (C) can be used depending on the purpose.

Next, we will show the safety test results for the improved material.

・Acute oral toxicity test (rat daily LD, 15,000 or more (mg/Kg)) ・1 month subacute toxicity test (rat) No toxicity ・Next skin irritation test U (rabbit) No irritation ・Continuous skin prick test (Rabbit) No irritation test (Rabbit) No irritation test (Rabbit) No irritation test (Piegle large) No irritation test (Large guinea pig) Allergy test (Large guinea pig) No irritation patch test (Adult) No irritation test (Batch) Test (infants) No irritation/mutagenicity test No toxicity Next, an experiment comparing the results of conventional ready-mixed concrete and improved methods using each of the improved materials of the present invention to suppress cement toxic alkali absorption and harmful free lime. Examples are shown in Table 1.

Ready-mixed concrete was poured on the balcony of an apartment, and water was stored the next day.
I left it alone for a month.

Invention A: Conventional ready-mixed concrete in which water-absorbing polymer, which is improvement material 1, is sprayed.

Invention B: A liquid polymer as improver 7 is added to improved ready-mixed concrete formulation 1 (water/cement ratio 55%).

Invention C: A water-absorbing polymer as improving agent 1 is dotted on ready-mixed concrete kneaded according to formulation 1 of improved ready-mixed concrete, and a liquid polymer as improving agent 7 is added.

Invention D: Lightweight structural concrete produced by adding a liquid polymer as improver 7 to improved ready-mixed concrete mix 2 using the kneading method of the present invention.

From this, compared to conventional ready-mixed concrete and concrete, the present invention has
The amount of pleading water generated and the content of various metal ions are small, and the pi value is low. Also, the survival rate of goldfish, etc. is 100%.
It can be seen that no laitance occurs.

Next, in the same way as above, Table 2 shows a comparison of the strength and water-stopping rate of buildings for conventional ready-mixed concrete, conventional volcanic concrete, concrete made of volcanic ash, and anti-form concrete of the present invention A.

From this, it can be seen that the present invention is stronger in strength than conventional concrete, and has a significantly higher water-stopping rate.

In addition, Table 3 shows a comparison of the compressive strength, water stop rate, etc. between conventional ready-mixed concrete and ready-mixed concrete mixed with improved material 1 or improved ready-mixed concrete mixed with improved material 1 and improved material 7. .

Conventional ready-mixed concrete: Conventional ready-mixed concrete with a specific gravity of 2.4g and an admixture (chew balls) added.

Invention E: The above-mentioned conventional ready-mixed concrete to which improving material 1 was added.

Invention F: Improving agent 7 is added to the ready-mixed concrete kneaded according to the improved ready-mixed concrete formulation 1.

Invention G: Improving material 1 and improving agent 7 are added to the ready-mixed concrete kneaded according to formulation 1 of improved ready-mixed concrete.

Furthermore, the composition 2 of conventional lightweight ready-mixed concrete and improved ready-mixed concrete of the present invention
Improving agent 7 and improved lumber or improving material 1. Improver7. Compressive strength with the addition of improved lumber,
Table 4 shows a comparison of water stoppage rate, etc.

Conventional lightweight ready-mixed concrete: Conventional lightweight ready-mixed concrete with a specific gravity of 1.6.

Present invention ① (...improved ready-mixed concrete mixed with mix 2, improver 7 and improved lumber added to the ready-mixed concrete.

This invention! ...Improved material 1. is added to the ready-mixed concrete mixed with improved ready-mixed concrete formulation 2. D and modifier 7 added.

In the case of ready-mixed concrete mixed with the improved mix of ready-mixed concrete of the present invention, the compressive strength (the compressive strength of volcanic lapilli and coal ash gravel itself is 30 kg/cd or less) is 301 to 347 kg/cd.
It shows a value of c+4 and high intensity. In general, volcanic lapilli and coal ash gravel with poor plasticity have a water absorption rate of 25% or more and have poor fluidity.
The foam has a specific gravity of 1.37 or less, and the conventional technology has a low compressive strength of 90 kg/- or less, so it cannot be used for structures. However, with the improved method of the present invention, the strength was more than three times greater.

Finally, Table 5 shows a comparison of the construction period and construction cost between the conventional concrete placing method and the method according to the present invention.

From this, compared to the conventional method, the present invention eliminates the need for waterproof mortar and tarpaulin sheets, shortens the construction period by 1 month, and can achieve 4-week strength in 4 days, resulting in a total reduction of approximately 2 months. Become.

In addition, because the turnover rate of temporary materials was improved, costs were reduced by 20%.

In addition, examples of the polymer compound containing a carboxyl group and/or a sulfonic acid group in the present invention include water-absorbing resins and water-insoluble resins.

■As the water-absorbing resin, starch or cellulose (a
), a water-soluble monomer containing a carboxyl group and/or a sulfonic acid group, and/or a monomer (b) that becomes water-soluble upon hydrolysis, and a crosslinking agent ('C) as essential components, and the necessary There is a water-absorbing resin obtained by hydrolysis.

2. Water-insoluble resins include carboxymethylated cellulose, carboxymethylated starch, sulfonated cellulose, water-insoluble pot $1gM (sodium alginate, etc.) having a carboxylic acid group and/or sulfonic acid group, isobutylene-maleic anhydride co-acid, etc. polymers, polyacrylates,
Examples include vinyl acetate acrylate copolymer and partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide. Two or more types of these water-soluble resins may be used, and the above-mentioned water-absorbing resins may be used in combination.

3. There are no particular restrictions on the shape of the polymer compound,
It may be in any shape such as powder, particulate, flake, or fiber.

4. In the present invention, the polymer compound may be used as an extender or filler, such as a fungicide, Shirasu (volcanic ash), Kira (powder and granules that are produced after washing silica sand, which is a raw material for glass, with water), coal ash,
Cotton, end pieces of synthetic fibers, rock wool, organic or inorganic porous substances such as perlite, zeolite, silica, fire-retardant Kira, and rock wool are preferred.

5. Water-absorbing fats that do not contain carboxyl groups and/or sulfonic acids, such as crosslinked polyvinyl alcohol and crosslinked polyethylene oxide, can be used in combination. In addition, ultraviolet absorbers, antioxidants, water-soluble resin adhesives, heat-fusible resin powders, and the like can be added as necessary.

6. The amount of the polymer compound sprayed in the present invention can be appropriately selected depending on its carboxyl group and/or sulfonic acid group content, water/cement ratio of ready-mixed concrete, outside temperature, unit amount of cement, and slump value. When the thickness of concrete is 12 cm, it is usually 12 g/rd to 240 g/nf, preferably 25 g/g to 150 g/n. When mixed with ready-mixed concrete, it depends on the product, but it is 100 g/i to
It is 800g/rrl.

7. The spraying method may be a known spray gun, a sieve, or by hand, depending on the formwork, concrete shape, and product. Furthermore, the method for producing the improved material is not particularly limited, and a simple method of dry kneading a powdery material of a polymer compound, Kira, and a fungicide in a mixer is sufficient, for example.

8. This was packed in plastic bags (5 kg in 8 tatami for 2 rooms, or 100 d in 20 kg to eliminate the need for area calculation), opened on site and spread as is, making it simple, accurate and easy to use.

〔Effect of the invention〕

The present invention comprises the configuration and method as described above, and has the following effects.

1. The improvement material sprayed on the surface of concrete forms a gel-like layer, which absorbs the toxicity of cement and strong alkalis, and prevents condensation that forms on the surface and the accompanying mold growth, which has serious effects on the human body. It eliminates customers and helps prevent pollution.

2. Concrete? WKA or curing in water suppresses unnecessary shrinkage and prevents the occurrence of shrinkage cracks, allowing one-shot finishing in both summer and cold weather, eliminating the need for mortar and waterproof sheets.

3. By adding a modifier to the ready-mixed concrete, the plasticity of the ready-mixed concrete is increased, and the hardening is delayed in the summer, and the hardening is accelerated in the summer, making it possible to easily and easily perform concrete pouring work without causing any hindrance. In good condition,
Enables shortening of construction period.

4. By adding improving materials to ready-mixed concrete, it is possible to increase the compressive strength of lightweight concrete that uses lapilli volcanic ash, coal ash, and coal ash gravel as aggregates, and lightweight concrete No. 5
Although it is a seed, it has an inventive step in that it can be used as the first type of lightweight structural material. Moreover, by effectively utilizing unused resources and waste, which is currently in short supply of river gravel, it is possible to prevent the natural destruction of mountains, rivers, and ditches, and to significantly reduce costs.

5. The concrete mentioned above not only has improved strength, but also has excellent weight reduction, sound insulation effect, heat insulation effect, fire resistance, and waterproofness, and is a useful invention with a wide range of applications such as structural use and secondary concrete products. be.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

The figures relate to the concrete improving material and method of the present invention. Figure 1 is a cross-sectional view showing how to install a roof drain on a steel frame/deck plate base roof, and Figure 2 is a steel frame/deck plate base roof. A plan view of an independent pond formed on the roof, FIG. 3 is an enlarged sectional view of the same essential part, FIG. 4 is a plan view of the reinforced concrete condominium roof, and FIG. 5 is an enlarged sectional view of the same part. 101...Drain, 107...Pipe, 111.
... Shallow box-shaped independent pond. Figure 2

Claims (18)

[Claims] (1) A concrete improving material that is a powdery material of a polymer compound containing carboxyl groups and/or sulfonic acid groups. (2) The improved material according to claim 1, wherein the powder or granular material is a mixture consisting of a polymer compound and an extender. (3) The improved material according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the polymer compound is a water-insoluble water-absorbing resin. (4) A liquid material of a polymer compound containing a calcium ligninsulfonate group, which is an improved material in which the materials described in claim 1, 2, or 3 are used in combination as necessary. (5) The improved material according to any one of claims 1, 2 and 3, wherein the powdery material is a fine mixture of a surfactant and Kira or Shirasu/Soot. (6) Sprinkling or mixing a powder or granule of a polymer compound containing a carboxyl group and/or a sulfonic acid group so that the powder or granule comes into contact with the concrete before or after pouring. How to improve concrete. (7) The improved method according to claim 6, wherein the powder or granule is a mixture of a powder or granule of a polymer compound containing carboxyl groups and/or sulfonic acid groups and an extender. (8) The improved method according to claim 6 or 7, wherein the polymer compound is a water-insoluble water-absorbing resin. (9) A liquid polymer compound containing calcium ligninsulfonate groups, which sets quickly by adjusting the setting time of ordinary cement by adjusting the amount added, depending on the outside temperature, complex concrete work, and gold joints. An improved method characterized by improving the whole ready-mixed concrete by accelerating or delaying its hardening like cement, and where the concrete is protected from freezing with a gel curtain by using in combination with the powder and granular material according to claim 6, 7 or 8 as necessary. . (10) Volcanic ash sand or coal ash sand (hereinafter referred to as "ash sand")
A lightweight concrete made by mixing volcanic ash gravel or coal ash gravel (hereinafter referred to as "ash gravel"), whose particle size has been adjusted to large, medium and small, into ordinary cement, and then mixing the mixture with the aqueous solution according to claim 4. A method for improving lightweight concrete, which is characterized in that it has a strength comparable to that of ordinary concrete, and is provided with heat insulation and dew proof properties, and the method according to claim 6 is used in combination as required. (11) On the concrete roof of a steel frame structure, the area of 1 piece is 1
Separated into areas within 0m^2 to 30m^2, multiple shallow box-shaped independent ponds are placed adjacent to each other, each made by pouring ready-mixed concrete and incorporating floating formwork before setting, with one drain per pond. Claims 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 as required.
Or an improved method using the method described in 15 in combination. (12) The method according to claim 3 is applied after pouring and compacting the conventional ready-mixed concrete, tapping and discharging the floated laitance together with excess water, and applying the method according to claim 3 as necessary. An improved method using the methods described in 8 or 11 in combination. (13) A drain is installed before pouring so as to be buried within the thickness of the concrete, and a pipe maintained at an arbitrary depth is installed in the center of the drain so that excess water is naturally discharged;
A method for improving a concrete roof part, characterized in that water is stored over the entire surface of the roof, and the method according to claim 7, 9, 10, 11 or 12 is used in combination as necessary. (14) The conventional ready-mixed concrete is poured and compacted, and the laitance that floats together with excess moisture is discharged by tapping and finished with a metal trowel at the same time, and the water is stored as described in claim 13. An improvement method using the methods described in claims 6 and 8 in combination. (15) Dry-kneading wet ash and sand with the mixture according to claim 5 in ordinary cement to coat the surface of the ash and sand, then kneading with the aqueous solution according to claim 4, and drying the surface with the obtained mortar. A method for improving lightweight concrete, characterized in that the surface of the concrete is further sprinkled with ash and gravel to develop an initial strength (at 3 days old) equivalent to that of ordinary concrete at 28 days. (16) A drain is installed before pouring so as to be buried within the thickness of the concrete, and a pipe maintained at an arbitrary depth is installed in the center of the drain so that excess water is naturally discharged;
An improved method characterized in that water is stored over the entire surface of the roof, and the method described in claim 10 is used in conjunction with the method as required. (17) A liquid substance of a polymer compound containing calcium ligninsulfonate groups, which can be used in complex concrete and
The method is characterized in that the setting completion time of ordinary cement is adjusted according to the amount of addition of the type corresponding to the workpiece and gold joint, and the entire ready-mixed concrete is improved before pouring, as required according to claims 6 and 1.
An improved method in which the methods described in 1, 13, or 15 are used in combination to prevent freezing with a gel curtain after concrete is poured. (18) On the concrete roof of a steel frame structure, the area of 1 piece is 1
A plurality of shallow box-shaped independent ponds separated within 0 m^2 to 30 m^2 are arranged adjacent to each other, one drain is buried in each pond, and the improved material according to claim 1 ( 16. An improved method characterized in that water is stopped by adding a water-absorbing material (a water-absorbing material) and turning the water-absorbing material into a jelly, in which the method described in claim 12, 13 or 15 is used in combination as required.