JPH0131987B2 - - Google Patents

Abstract

A refractory structure comprises (a) a body of refractory concrete contg. >=1 pouring hole; with (b) >=1 reinforcing element placed in (a) or forming one surface of (a) and mechanically locked in (a); or (c) a channel for a service fluid is provided in (a); or (d) the pouring hole is formed by an insert with better resistance than material (a); or (a, b, c); or (a, b); or (c, d); or (a, b, c, d). - The refractory structure pref. has a sinusoidal channel (c), esp. a channel extending round >=180 degrees of the circumference of the casting hole. Channel(c) may be formed by porous material permeable to gas and extending to the casting hole. The fluid used in channel (c) may be a hot gas used to heat the stopper; compressed air used to cool the stopper; a gas which does not oxidise the molten metal; or an inert gas cooling the stopper.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to refractory structures, as fittings for use at the outlets of metallurgical vessels, such as casting ladles and tundishes, and as outlet control devices for such vessels;
It finds special use as a refractory component, especially for use in sliding gate nozzle installations.

Although the present invention will be described with particular reference to steel casting, the refractory fittings according to the present invention have application to the casting of other metals that experience significant wear due to their high melting points or because they are corrosive.

Such a device comprises a stationary refractory top plate forming a discharge passageway, which plate is located outside the vessel parallel to the outlet orifice of the vessel and is, for example, in a metal frame attached to the outer shell of the vessel. and the apparatus further includes a movable refractory sliding plate forming a discharge passageway, the sliding plate being arranged to move between an open position and a closed position, in which the two The discharge passages of the plates are aligned and in the closed position the movable plate closes the discharge passage of the fixed plate.

The movement of the movable plate is a rotational movement, but preferably a straight sliding movement.

One type of such device has a fixed upper plate and a movable lower plate. Such a device is referred to herein as a two-plate sliding gate nozzle device. The movable plate is preferably mounted movably within the metal casing and has an outlet nozzle or can cooperate with an outlet nozzle movably mounted in the metal casing.

Other types of such devices have a movable plate mounted to move between an upper and a lower fixed plate, thus facing substantially parallel, and the lower fixed plate facing the outlet. have or collaborate with. Such a device is called a three-plate sliding gate nozzle device.

Conventional refractory plates and nozzles for use in such devices are made by pressing a mass of refractory particles, then firing it at high temperatures, and then drilling exit passages.

Fire resistant fittings of the type described above are exposed to widely varying thermal stresses during use. On the one hand,
Such refractory fittings are exposed to very high temperatures during injection where the metal exhibits a predominant corrosive effect on the refractory material. On the other hand, such refractory fittings are subjected to an unusually severe and rapid thermal shock at the beginning of the injection, which thermal shock results in considerably high mechanical stresses due to thermal expansion. For both of these reasons, known fire-resistant fittings of the type considered have a short service life. For example, the average sliding plate replacement is after only two injections, which represents a total casting time of, for example, only two hours.

According to the invention, a refractory structure is provided which can be used as a fixed plate or a slide plate in a sliding gate nozzle or as a sleeve brick or nozzle brick at the outlet from a metallurgical vessel, which refractory structure comprises (A) (B) a body of cast refractory concrete material forming at least one discharge passageway through the body; (C) at least one reinforcing element, preferably a metal reinforcing element, in close contact with the refractory concrete over the entire surface juxtaposed to the concrete; or (C) means for forming at least one duct for the working fluid in the body; D) Drainage passages formed by inserts of material embedded in fireproof concrete and having better wear resistance than fireproof concrete, or (A), (B) and (C), or (A), ( B)or
Consisting of (C) and (D) or (A), (B), (C) and (D).

Metal reinforcing elements are mechanically interlocked with fire-resistant concrete. This measure applies not only to arrangements where the cast concrete and reinforcing elements are such that the combination cannot be separated without destroying one or the other of these elements, and also when the plates are actually used, at least the main part of the plate It should be understood that the arrangement is at least operative in resisting separation of the components as far as shear forces in the plane are concerned.

Thus, when the structure is in the form of a plate of a sliding gate nozzle, the structure is held compressed in use both on its edges and on its opposite major surfaces. It is therefore only essential that the mechanical interlock be sufficient to resist separation of the cast concrete body from the reinforcing element in a direction parallel to the main plane of the plate. However, an arrangement is preferred in which the components are attached such that they do not separate from each other.

It is an object of a first aspect of the invention to provide a fire-resistant fitting with an extended service life. The invention achieves this object by making a refractory component of refractory concrete and by forming at least one duct in the refractory concrete for circulating the working medium, for example a heating fluid or a cooling fluid. do.

In a first aspect of the invention, a refractory fitting is provided with one or more ducts or systems of ducts of a desired configuration and distribution, thereby eliminating temperature shocks or undesirable high temperatures within the material of the refractory component. Allowing the introduction of heating or cooling fluids into the interior of the part where the generation of temperatures can be avoided or reduced.
By suitably controlling the supply of heating and cooling fluids, it is possible, for example, to raise the temperature of the refractory fitting before the start of injection to a large extent to eliminate damage to the material due to thermal shock at the start of injection. During injection, temperature peaks that would otherwise occur on the walls of the passages can be reduced to acceptable levels by introducing refrigerant for a suitable period of time. In this way, on the one hand, the temperature change can proceed gradually, and on the other hand, the temperature peaks to which the refractory part is exposed can be limited to a level that increases the service life of the refractory part.

In a preferred form of the invention, the refractory structure is in the form of a plate, the discharge passage is transverse to the main plane of the plate, and the duct is at least partially, preferably substantially, relative to the main plane of the plate. parallel to each other. Preferably, the ratio of the maximum longitudinal dimension of the sliding surface of the plate to the minimum thickness of the plate is between 25:1 and 7.5:1, more preferably 20:1.
~10:1, especially in the range 15:1 to 10:1.

In a preferred form of the invention, the duct is twisted. The term "twisted duct" encompasses a duct that undergoes a change of direction in its path starting from an inlet opening into the body of the duct and exiting through an outlet opening of the body. These ducts can have a circular or non-circular, for example rectangular, egg-shaped or other cross-section. Some parts of the duct can be curved, other parts can be straight, and they can communicate with each other at an angle, for example at a right angle. The duct may be formed from metal, ceramic or other heat resistant tubing contained in a refractory fitting. Preferably, at least the inlet of the duct is formed with a metal insert to facilitate connection of the duct with the supply means for the working fluid.

In another aspect of the invention, the refractory fitting is a two-part construction, preferably split in a dividing plane parallel to its main plane;
One of the plate components includes one or more ducts with one open side such that the open sides of the one or more ducts close when combined with the other plate component or the cover.

The cover is preferably in line with the surface of the plate, which may have parallel major planes. Preferably, the inner edge of the cover is spaced apart from the edge of the discharge opening. It can be made of a refractory material, such as ceramic or steel.

One or more duct openings can be present in the cover. Alternatively, the inlet and outlet apertures can be formed in the sides or edges of the plate. At least the inlet opening of the duct is formed with a metal insert,
It is desirable to facilitate the connection of the duct to a gas or fluid supply means.

The fire-resistant fittings of the present invention can be manufactured by pouring fire-resistant concrete into a suitable mold, and the means for determining one or more ducts of a desired cross-section are placed at desired positions within the mold before pouring the fire-resistant concrete. .

The means used to form the duct or ducts may, if necessary, be of a temporary nature and, for example, may consist of a combustible material, such as paper or synthetic plastic material, These may be removed by heating before the first use of the refractory fittings, or may be such that their removal during their first use does not result in shrinkage of the duct cross-section. . Alternatively, the means may consist of a removable solid material, which has the desired shape of the duct, is inserted into a mold (as a core) and removed after the refractory part has been cast. However, for example, this means can consist of a combustible material, such as paper or synthetic plastic material, so that it can be removed by heating before the first use of the fire-resistant fitting, or after the first use. The removal of the duct can be such that the removal does not result in shrinkage of the duct cross-section. Alternatively, this means may consist of a removable solid material, which has the desired shape of the duct, is inserted into a mold (as a core), the refractory part is cast, and then removed, for example by heating. ,
This means is then made, for example, in the form of a core of a low melting point alloy, such as a tin alloy or rose metal.
This method has the advantage that it is easy to create ducts with non-circular cross sections. Alternatively, the duct or ducts can be formed from refractory metal or ceramic tubes or pipes.

Preferably, the duct is shaped to encircle the discharge passage across the slide plate in a circle of at least 180°, preferably 360°. In a plate with symmetrically arranged discharge passages,
Advantageously, the duct runs in an arc of 180° around the discharge passage from at least the center, preferably from the far end of the plate, and then preferably extends back again to at least the center, preferably to the same end of the plate.

The inlet openings to the ducts surrounding the discharge passage are preferably arranged tangentially to the circle to facilitate circulation of the working fluid, which can be a heating fluid or a cooling fluid.

The heating fluid and cooling fluid are preferably gases.
Advantageously, the heating fluid is a combustion gas, whereas the coolant is compressed air.

The present invention also encompasses a method of conditioning, in particular a sliding plate in a sliding gate nozzle of a vessel containing molten metal, which method includes heating and/or cooling fluid in the sliding plate. characterized in that it circulates through at least one duct in which

The invention also provides a refractory structure comprising a gas permeable insert for use in or with a container for containing molten metal itself, and in particular for use as an emission control means for a container for containing molten metal. Regarding. Refractory structures with gas-permeable inserts are described, for example, in DE 1935401, DE 2019550 and DE 2218155. The purpose of the gas-permeable insert is, for example, to introduce a major volume of gas under pressure into the space or cross section provided for the discharge of molten metal.

When such a gas-permeable insert is provided in a conventional fired refractory plate or nozzle, it must be inserted into a pre-drilled hole and, in particular, the production volume, its fixing in that hole and the means for supplying the gas are limited. This creates considerable difficulty in the proper placement of the

The aim of the invention is to eliminate these drawbacks and to provide more simply a refractory component of the kind considered above. In the present invention, this objective is achieved by embedding gas permeable inserts in the refractory concrete forming the refractory component.

The gas permeable porous insert is preferably embedded directly into the body of refractory concrete, for example by pouring the refractory concrete around the insert and shaking. Ducts for the working fluid communicating with the gas permeable insert can be formed in the refractory concrete. However, if necessary, the insert can be prepositioned in a metal enclosure, leaving an air gap between the inner surface of the insert and the refractory concrete body, and a gas supply means, for example a duct cast in the concrete, can be inserted into this air space. It can be made to open inward. Preferably, the duct extends to the distal end face of the component. In the case of a sleeve (nozzle brick) containing a central metal discharge passage or a fixed plate of a two-plate sliding gate nozzle, the gas-permeable insert extends against the wall of the metal discharge passage across that part and extends around the entire circumference of this passage. It is advantageous to surround the passage and in this way form itself the wall of this passage.

Two-plate sliding gate nozzle (i.e.
in a sliding plate (consisting of one fixed plate and one movable plate), the gas-permeable insert is preferably located in the sliding plate and in line with the upper surface of the sliding plate;
In this way, the gate is located below the discharge passage of the fixed plate when closed. The insert can be supplied with gas via a duct extending from one end or side wall of the plate or from the bottom of the plate.

The entrance is a three-plate type sliding gate (i.e.
(with two fixed plates and a sliding gate between them), the gas supply to it can be carried out via a duct in the lower fixed plate. This duct is preferably formed in a plate of cast refractory concrete as described above.

The use of gas-permeable inserts embedded in the refractory component of two- or three-plate sliding gate nozzles made from refractory concrete prevents inoperability at the gate due to metal connections of the discharge passage above the closed sliding plates. It is especially important to The gas used is preferably an inert gas, such as argon or nitrogen.

A gas-permeable or porous insert is embedded in the refractory part made of refractory concrete, for example by pouring concrete around the insert and, if necessary, compacting the concrete by operations such as shaking. The configuration of the structure according to the invention forms a significantly reliable bond between the gas permeable insert and the refractory concrete and surprisingly reduces the gas permeability or the gas permeability of the porous insert. does not exist.

Gas permeable inserts and fluid ducts are
It can be located on a metal plate that is in line with the sliding or lower surface of the central plate.

The working fluid can be conveyed to the gas-permeable insert via an opening in the metal plate present at the bottom of the sliding plate, which opening communicates with a groove in the upper surface of the bottom fixed plate, which groove connects to the external gas supply. Can be connected to pipes.

Alternatively, the working fluid can be routed to the gas permeable insert via an opening in the top surface of the sliding plate, which opening communicates with a groove in the bottom surface of the upper fixed plate, which groove connects the external gas supply pipe. Can be connected to.

The length and position of the groove is such that when the insert is in the used position in the metal discharge passageway, the closing movement of the sliding plate allows gas to enter the gas permeable insert through the groove and when the gas permeable insert is retracted from the discharge passageway. It is preferably calculated and positioned such that when the discharge passage is open and in the state of discharging molten metal, the gas supply is interrupted by the opening movement of the sliding plate.

The scope of the invention also extends when the refractory component is in the form of a brick lining sleeve or nozzle brick for the recess of a metallurgical vessel.

The gas permeable insert is itself in the form of a sleeve and can be embedded in the center of the sleeve. The gas permeable insert is preferably placed into a metal plate enclosure in the form of a sleeve before being implanted, thus leaving a gap between the outer periphery of the insert and the inner surface of the metal enclosure, this gap being Serves as a gas distribution chamber.

The invention also relates to a method for manufacturing nozzle bricks according to the invention, in which the mold for concrete pouring consists of an external shape and a central core for holding the gas-permeable insert in the desired position within the mold. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, a jacket matching the shape of the shape and consisting of flame-retardant felt is introduced into the shape before the start of the injection and is then firmly bonded to the refractory component.

Preferably, the gas permeable insert is soaked with water before concrete pouring.

As mentioned above, the present invention relates to a sliding gate nozzle for vessels for containing molten metal, in particular steel casting ladle and tundish for continuous casting of steel.

In such sliding gate nozzles, thermal stresses (ie mechanical stresses due to differences in thermal expansion) often occur and are very difficult to correct. Furthermore, a high propulsion force is generated. Together these result in severe bending and tensile stresses that the refractory material of the nozzle plate cannot withstand. This situation differs from the situation in which the refractory components and parts are loaded purely statically, as occurs in furnace walls or roofs. It is fairly easy to adjust the possible thermal stresses and strains here. Tensile stresses can be largely avoided and no dynamic propulsion forces occur.

In conventional gate nozzles, the aforementioned severe stresses are actually absorbed by embedding the refractory material in a densely packed mortar layer of the metal support structure of the gate, which is connected to the refractory plate and support structure. Create a dense surface that covers everything that comes into contact with the object. This generally accepted solution to the problem, if applied properly,
This is technically satisfactory. However, because
This requires painstaking handwork, and the functional reliability of the gate depends on this work being performed repeatedly and with uniform precision. This dependence of operational safety on purely human factors is a major drawback, considering the frequency of replacement of the fitted parts of the sliding gate and the risk of steel leakage. Another factor is that the service life of the refractory material located in the mortar is relatively short, particularly in the case of the orifice plate used to control the sliding gate nozzle as described above.

The object of this aspect of the invention is to provide a sliding gate nozzle for a vessel for containing molten metal, in which the aforementioned disadvantages are alleviated, at least in severity.

The invention relates in this aspect to a sliding gate nozzle for a vessel for containing a metal melt, which sliding gate nozzle consists of at least one fixed plate and one movable plate, at least one of these plates in association with two support frames, each plate having an orifice through which the metal melt passes, at least the movable plate consisting essentially of fireproof concrete and having metal reinforcement without mortar on its side facing away from its sliding surface. embedded therein, the reinforcement is anchored to the sliding plate so that tension, compression or shear forces cannot be transferred thereto, the sliding plate itself being located within the support frame without the use of mortar; Similarly, the movable support frame and the reinforcement are preferably characterized in that they have elements that transmit propulsion forces when the gate is operated.

The reinforcement preferably consists essentially of a metal sheet or metal plate to which the element is rigidly attached and projects from its main plane, the element being able to slide against tensile, breaking or thrusting forces to provide reinforcement to the sliding plate. Fix it so that it will not be displaced.

The elements projecting from the main plane of the reinforcement can be tabs formed integrally with the metal sheet or metal plate of the reinforcement and can be bent to surround the sides and ends of the sliding plate. Alternatively, the elements projecting from the main plane of the reinforcement can be bent portions from the reinforcement plate itself.

In other alternatives, the elements projecting from the major plane of the reinforcement can be indentations or wrinkles formed in the metal sheet reinforcement or reinforcement plate. In yet another alternative, the elements projecting from the major plane of the reinforcement can be protrusions such as pins welded to sheet metal reinforcement or reinforcement plates. Furthermore, in other alternatives, the metal sheet reinforcement or reinforcement plate can be perforated.

The elements transmitting the driving force generated when operating the gate may consist of contacts or elevations on both sides of the discharge path of the molten metal through the support frame, the contacts being formed by reinforcements. Collaborate with your shoulder.

The contact on the support frame can extend transversely to the direction of movement of the sliding plate and can consist of ribs extending a distance corresponding to the width of the sliding plate, each of which has a phase compensator formed by a reinforcement. Work with your shoulders.

The element on the support frame that transmits the propulsion force generated during operation of the gate may consist of a pin provided at least at one point spaced apart from the discharge path of the molten metal, the pin being provided with a reinforcement of the sliding plate. material socket.

There are three reinforcements on the facing surface of the support frame;
Preferably it can rest on six supporting contacts.

Preferably at least three, preferably four, supporting contacts are arranged symmetrically at a distance around the molten metal discharge passage, so that the sliding plate is more or less axially disposed in the area surrounding the orifice. Can bend freely.

The reinforcement includes openings in the area of the discharge passage of the molten metal through the sliding plate, which openings preferably reduce the diameter of the orifice by, for example, 120-300%.
having a diameter exceeding by an amount in the range of .

The invention may be implemented in many ways and certain specific embodiments will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

1 and 2 illustrate a central plate 112 of a conventional three-plate sliding gate nozzle assembly.
Other parts of the device are not shown, as sliding gates are known per se.

The duct 150 for conveying gas or liquid is
Inlet opening 1 approximately in the center of one of the longer sides
51 and around the discharge passage 106 to an outlet opening 152 on the other side.

In another arrangement (shown by dashed line 153), duct 150 can extend further around discharge passage 106.

In yet another arrangement, the duct openings 151 and 152 can be formed at one end of the plate 112, preferably at the end where the mechanism for actuating this plate is located.

The duct 150 is arranged in the upper half of the plate 112, i.e. the half facing the metal melt, for example at 20 m
Preferably, it is formed to a height equal to ~50% thickness.

Plate 112 is made of fireproof concrete;
Suitable compositions thereof are given in Examples 1, 2 and 3 below.

Duct 150 is formed, for example, by placing a steel pipe in a mold and pouring refractory concrete around the pipe. It is then allowed to harden, for example for 12 hours, then removed from the mold and allowed to fully cure for a further 48 hours at room temperature.

Instead of providing steel pipes, consumable materials can be used to form the ducts. Therefore, tubes made of cardboard or synthetic plastic materials can be used, which burn out when starting the casting. Alternatively, a low melting point metal such as CERRBEND,
You can use a tin alloy or rose metal core. The advantage of this is that non-circular ducts of arbitrary cross-section, for example rectangular or egg-shaped, can be easily produced.

The Cerobend material can be removed by applying heat, for example during drying of the plate. The alloy will then melt and flow away. This method can be facilitated by blowing low pressure steam into the duct.

The discharge passage 106 is drilled into the hardened concrete with a diamond tool, or preferably this passage is cast during the pouring of the concrete by installing a removable core; if this passage is cylindrical, this core is It can have a divided structure to facilitate its extraction.

3 and 4 show variations in the structure of the central plate 112 that include cooling or heating ducts 150 and porous or gas permeable inserts 156.

The plate 112 is a two-component part, namely a body component 160 and a separate cover plate 16 of the duct.
1. First, the main body component 160 is connected to the duct 1 as described in FIGS. 1 and 2.
Manufactured by pouring concrete into a mold forming 50. In this case, for the cover 161 there is an open groove and tongue-and-groove ledges 162 and 163.
form. The ledge 163 is the other grooved part 1
Connect with 64. This portion 164 extends deeper into the body component portion 160 for the purpose of forming a gas distribution chamber surrounding the porous gas permeable insert 156. The height of insert 156 is preferably somewhat less than the depth of ledge 163 so that a gap 167 remains between cover 161 and the inner surface of insert 156.

Cover 161 can be made separately from the same material as body component 160 and glued in place with the same refractory concrete (indicated at 168). This cover 161 can be strengthened by casting a metal plate into it.

Alternatively, steel, preferably stainless steel, may be used for certain applications where differences in thermal expansion are not very significant.

The discharge passage 106, the inlet 151 and the outlet 152 are
It can be made in the same manner as described for FIGS. 1 and 2. Alternatively, they can be drilled into the body component 160 with a diamond drill.

Preferably, external valve means are provided to allow gas, such as air or nitrogen, to enter through the inlet 151 and exit through the outlet 152 when the sliding gate is open, and to escape through the insert 156 via the upper stationary plate (not shown). ), and in the closed position of the gate the outlet 152 can be closed and a gas, preferably argon, directed to the insert 156, from which it can escape via a discharge passageway in the upper stationary plate, allowing the molten metal to enter. Do it like this.

In another embodiment, the inlet aperture and the outlet aperture are 17
0 and 171 in the lid 161,
It can be placed back through a groove in communication with the gas supply means and suitably located in the bottom stationary plate (not shown). Such an arrangement is applicable to the 9th to
This will be explained in more detail with reference to FIG. The particular shape for the outlet of this arrangement is shown in FIGS. 5 and 6. In this case, plate 1
An outlet 171 from 12 is formed in the lid 161 and led to the outside across the underside of the plate 112. The outlet 171 communicates with a longitudinal groove 172 present in the upper surface of the bottom stationary plate 111. When the central plate 112 is in the casting position (open position), one end 173 of the groove 172 is connected to the plate 11.
2 so that hot gas from the duct 150 can escape from the end 173 of the groove 172 in the bottom plate 111. At the same time, the length of the groove 172 is such that when the plate 112 moves from its open position to its closed position, the groove 172 is completely occluded by the plate 112 and the duct 1
50 is forced to enter the melt in the metallurgical vessel through the porous or gas permeable insert 156. This structure clearly has the advantage of simplicity and automatic gas control compared to the arrangements of FIGS. 3 and 4.

7 and 8 show a variation of the structure of FIGS. 1 and 2, with a porous or gas permeable insert 1
Contains 56. In this arrangement, the central plate 1
12 is an insert 17 made of ordinary ceramic material or steel (regular or stainless steel)
5 including the long side edge 142 of the plate. This facilitates the installation of the parts required for the gas supply joint or acts as a support for the porous insert 156 and as a core for the duct 150 during the manufacture of the plate. Both the support and the core are secured to the plate 112, for example with mastic, while concrete is poured into the mold. Duct 150 extends near discharge passage 106 or is otherwise similar to that shown at 153 in construction.

The duct 150 is flat and has the thickness of the plate 112 separated from the top surface 141 of the plate 112.
Exist between 20 and 80%. porous insert 15
6 is rectangular and is placed between the arms of the duct 150.

In this form of structure, the aforementioned CERROBEND
materials can be used. An insert 175 is placed at the bottom of the mold and defines the shape of the duct 150.
Forming the heart of CERROBEND, CERROBEND material is a porous insert of fireproof concrete 156
porous insert 156 to prevent penetration into the
between the arms of the duct. Concrete is then poured into this mold. After the casting has solidified, it is taken out and hardened.
Remove CERROBEND material by heating or spraying with steam.

Exhaust passages 106 are formed as described above and the top and bottom surfaces of the plate are machined. this would be necessary.

9-11 show other structures of the three-plate sliding gate. In this structure, the center plate 112 and the bottom stationary plate 111 have somewhat different structures.

Porous insert 156 is attached to central plate 112
This insert 156 is located in the longer part of
The pipe 1 passes through the upwardly recessed opening 181 inside.
Gas is supplied from 80. Insert 156 and pipe 180 are located on metal plate 182. The metal plate 182 has an aperture 188 that faces a corresponding downwardly directed aperture 189 at the end of the pipe 180. metal pipe 18
4 is located laterally within plate 112 and between insert 156 and discharge passage 106 and has a downwardly directed inlet 185 and outlet 186. The inlet 185 is connected to the duct 184a and the outlet 18
6 communicates with duct 184b, and these ducts 1
84a and 184b have openings on the lower surface of plate 112.

As is clear from FIGS. 10 and 11, two grooves 190 and 191 are formed in the bottom stationary plate 111. Grooves 190 and 19
1 have their upper surfaces covered by the lower surface of the plate 112 and serve as gas ducts. Groove 190 contains metal or ceramic component 1
It extends from 92. Component 192 is plate 11
Acts as an entrance to the end of 1. plate 111
At , groove 190 communicates with a lateral groove 193 extending only about half the width of plate 111 . The groove 193 of the other groove 191 is the exit 194
It extends from a point facing the In the open position of plates 111 and 112, cold gas enters through opening 192, groove 190 and opening 184a into cooling tube 184, from where it enters at the other end through opening 184b and groove 191 to outlet 194, through which The hot gas that has cooled the plates is freely and safely blown out into the atmosphere.

The pipe is arranged such that when plates 111 and 112 are in the closed position (corresponding to left-to-right movement of sliding plate 112), opening 188 communicates with groove 198 and gas passes from inlet 192 through insert 156. 180 is arranged.
Pipe 184 is closed in this position.

In Figures 12 and 13, central plate 1
12 has a central flat duct 260. This duct 260 reaches near the discharge passage 106 from one end of the plate 112, where it branches into two egg-shaped ducts 261 and 262, which surround the discharge passage 106 and are connected to the plate 112.
has an outlet at the other end. Burner nozzle 26
4 (or air lance) is inserted into the inlet opening of the flat duct 260 so that the plate 112 is heated with hot combustion gases. When using an air lance, the plate 112 may be cooled by compressed air blown into the plate.

Although not shown, the inlet opening into the duct of the preferred construction may be tangentially connected to one or more ducts to improve circulation of the heating or cooling fluid. This arrangement is particularly useful when one or more ducts surround the exhaust passage.

Examples of fireproof concrete are described below. This kind of fireproof concrete is suitable for the above-mentioned installed parts,
and a fireproof part with gas-permeable inserts,
In particular, it can be used in the fabrication of sliding gate nozzle sections associated with vessels that hold molten metal.

Example 1 80% by weight aggregate containing 40% by weight Al ₂ O ₃ and having a particle size of 5 mm or less is mixed with 20% by weight fused alumina cement having a content of 40% Al ₂ O ₃ by weight. , add 12 liters of water for each 100Kg of dry mixture.

For the manufacture of the mounting parts, this mixture is poured into molds and packed, if necessary by shaking. After sufficient hardening, the concrete section is removed from the mold and stored to harden and dry.

Example 2 80 wt % Guyana bauxite containing 88 wt % Al ₂ O ₃ and particle size less than 5 mm was mixed with 20 wt % alumina cement containing 70 wt % Al ₂ O ₃ per 100Kg of mixed and dry mixture
Add 10 drops of water. This mixture is further processed as described in Example 1.

However, when plates are used to cast steels with melting points above 1500°C and casting temperatures 50-60°C higher than the melting point, the conditions that the plates must withstand are extremely demanding and are not reliable. In order to ensure sexual work, special compositions must be used.

These conditions consist of extremely severe mechanical and chemical corrosion shocks to the edges of the discharge passages of the plates, as well as extreme thermal shocks, with the temperature of the plates being only 200-300° C. before the start of injection.

Against such harsh conditions,
5-8% by weight alumina cement, 2.5-4% by weight powdered refractory (particle size is less than 50 microns, preferably less than 1 micron) such as kaolin, bentonite, finely divided silica, finely divided alumina, finely divided magnesia. , fine chromite or fine phoesterite, 0.01 to 0.30% by weight of alkali metal phosphate, alkali metal polyphosphate, alkali metal carbonate, alkali metal carboxylate or alkali metal humate to determine the fluidity of the composition. agent effective to increase, and 87.7-92% by weight
at least one refractory aggregate, preferably with a particle size not exceeding 30 mm, preferably all of which passes through a 10 mm mesh sieve, and about 25% of which passes through a 0.5 mm mesh sieve. Preferably, fireproof concrete is used. Refractory aggregates include calcined fireclay, bauxite, sillimanite,
andalusite, corundum, tabular alumina,
It can consist of silicon carbide, magnesium, chromite or zircon or mixtures thereof.

Examples of such concrete are:

Example 3 87.8-92% by weight of tabular alumina with particle size _less than 6 mm, containing about 80% by weight _Al2O3 , 2.5-4% by weight fine alumina and 0.01-0.3% by weight alkali metal polyphosphate Mix with 5-8% by weight alumina cement. 5 per 100Kg of dry mixture
Add water. This mixture can be poured into molds and filled by shaking.

14 and 15 show the refractory concrete slide or central plate 112 of a three-plate slide gate nozzle arrangement in which a gas permeable insert 156 is embedded. insert 15
6 consists of coarse-grained agglomerates of corundum or mullite sintered with a small amount of binder, at least
It can be a porous object exhibiting a gas permeability of 100 nanoperms.

The main component of the sliding plate 112 is a pressed or cast body 2 containing a rectangular central window 201.
It is 00. Considering the relatively short duration of the filling (from the time of filling to the time of completely emptying the container), this body is operated at a relatively low temperature, e.g.
It is only heated to ~500 °C (when casting steel which heats the walls of the discharge passage above 1500 °C). For this reason, it is not absolutely necessary to make this body 200 of refractory material. More importantly, it is dimensionally particularly stable and insensitive to temperature shocks of the aforementioned kind, so that this body 200 serves as a durable framework for the actual gate part of the sliding plate 112. The key is to select materials that can work.

Window 201 encloses member 202 and
has the same thickness as body 200, but has a small gap within window 201 to facilitate displacement.

The member 202 has a chamfered lip 203 and an injection cylindrical sleeve 205 forming a discharge passage 106 for the metal passing through the slide plate.
The sleeve can be manufactured by pressing and firing or casting a highly refractory mass. Without appreciably increasing the cost of the sliding plate, this sleeve can be constructed from high quality materials, such as zircon, its size and shape can be standardized, and this sleeve only covers a small portion of the total volume of the plate. will constitute.

The member 202 is made of refractory concrete of a nature chosen taking into account the aggressiveness of the molten metal in question. In most cases, the concrete specified in Example 3 will meet the requirements in this case. If member 205 is preferably used, member 202 may be made from a lower quality material, such as those described in Examples 1 and 2.

Member 202 includes a gas permeable insert 156 embedded therein. Insert 156 is supported by metal plate 182. The metal plate 182 has an aperture 188 .
8 communicates with an opening 189 at one end of metal tube 180. The other end of metal tube 180 opens into distribution chamber 208 at the bottom of gas permeable insert 156 .

Gas permeable insert 156, tube 180 and metal plate 182 are assembled and joined or bonded as shown at 209 prior to pouring the refractory concrete.

16, 17 and 18 show a three-plate sliding gate nozzle arrangement in which the sliding plate 112 corresponds to the sliding plate of FIGS. 14 and 15.

The lower fixed plate 111 is a support frame 131
It is installed in a bed made of mortar 131' inside. The metal discharge passage through this three-plate sliding gate nozzle arrangement is indicated generally at 106, with the sleeve lining the discharge passage omitted.

The lower fixed plate 111 has a groove 15 on its upper surface.
Contains 4. This groove 154 is a supply duct 155
and a coupling gas tube 157 for supplying gas to the gas permeable insert 156. When the gate is wide open as shown in FIG. 16, no gas can enter.

However, when the gate is partially closed as shown in FIG.
I'm already in 06.

Finally, when the gate is fully closed as in FIG. 18, the gas supply opening is not completely covered and gas flows into the exhaust passage 106 at maximum velocity.

The groove 154 is like this when the lower fixing plate 11
1 and its length is a sliding sleeve 112
The length is such that during the closing movement of the gas permeable insert 156 the supply of gas to the gas permeable insert 156 via the gas pipe 157, the gas duct 155, the groove 154 and the pipe 180 begins when the gas permeable insert 156 enters the discharge passage 106. and is of such length as to ensure full velocity gas supply to the gas permeable insert 156 when the sliding plate 112 is in the closed position.

FIG. 19 shows one embodiment of a two-plate sliding gate nozzle arrangement in which the sliding plate 165 cooperates with a fixed plate 169, the fixed plate 169 including a groove 177 on its lower surface, the groove 177 Gas is supplied through the duct 183 and the gas supply pipe 183a.

This two-plate sliding gate forms a metal discharge passageway 106. Sliding plate 165 includes a gas permeable insert 156 that receives gas via duct 179 and distribution chamber 178. Distribution chamber 178 is covered with metal plate 178a. The gas is 3 in Figures 16, 17 and 18.
Supplied in the same way as for plate-type sliding gates.

Fixed plate 169 is housed in mortar 176 within holder 174.

Figures 20-22 illustrate a ninth embodiment of the invention in nozzle brick or sleeve application.

FIG. 20 shows the nozzle brick 212 held in place within the mortar layer 213 of the bottom brick 54 of the vessel holding molten metal.

Alternatively, the mortar layer 213 can be replaced with a jacket of flame retardant felt or ceramic fiber material. For the purposes of the invention, it is particularly advantageous to fix this jacket to a nozzle brick or sleeve 212 with a conical surface and to pour concrete into it. The advantage achieved in this way is durability. Although providing an excellent seal, the jacket will not adhere to the interior walls of the bottom brick 54. Therefore, sleeve 21
2 can be removed more quickly and easily without damaging the bottom brick 54, while the pre-formed connection between the jacket and sleeve allows for accurate positioning of the sleeve and easy removal of the jacket when removing the sleeve 212. Ensure both.

It is important that the sleeve 212 is made of refractory concrete. This is because, in order to ensure operational safety of such a jacket, which forms a layer of constant thickness on the peripheral surface of the sleeve 212, precise tolerances in overall dimensions and angles must be observed in the fabrication of the sleeve. This is because it is necessary. This is ensured when using fireproof concrete. In the case of combustible materials, experience shows that such close tolerances can only be achieved by expensive subsequent machining.

Fire-resistant ceramic fiber and felt materials are
Preferably the thickness is 3 to 4 mm and the bulk weight is 170 to 210.
Kg/m ² , for example 192Kg/m ² , fiber gauge approximately 3
~4 microns. This material can preferably be compressed to half its thickness. If the sliding gate nozzle is used for casting metal melts at temperatures up to about 1260°C, a suitable felt is about 52% _SiO2 by weight.
and will contain 48% by weight Al ₂ O ₃ . about
For higher temperatures up to 1500 °C, for example, 54.5 wt% _SiO2 , 42.3 wt% _Al2O3 and _3.2
It is preferable to use a felt based on chromium aluminum silicate, which contains Cr ₂ O ₃ in % by weight and has a melting point of 1650° C. or higher.

Sleeve 212 includes gas permeable insert 215
This insert 215 is preferably surrounded by a metal cylinder 216, which leaves a gap creating a gas distribution chamber 217. The end of the cylinder 216 is connected to the metal discharge passage 5
5 and protected by the heat insulating effect of fireproof concrete. A gas duct 218 is provided, which can be formed by a cast-in length of tubing (not shown) or drilled into the brick. Gas can then be supplied to the porous insert via tube 219. This tube 219 is located between the bottom of the ladle and its brick lining and is located in the frame 5 of the plate.
It exits through the outer bottom 52 of 8. If preferred,
The tube 219 can also be located between the bottom 52 and the frame 58 above the fixed plate 67.

The sleeve 212 of FIG. 21 can be produced in a mold 222 by injection with cores 220 and 221 provided therein. The core 220 is introduced into the bottom of the inverted mold shape 222, and the metal sleeve 216 and insert 215 are placed on the metal disc 216a and saved in the conical part 223 of the core. When a refractory felt jacket is placed between the sleeve 212 and the nozzle brick to form a seal, a preformed conical felt jacket 213a is placed inside the shape. Core 221 is then positioned over one end of core 220. Fireproof concrete is poured into the shape and the solidified casting is stored until completely hardened. Finally, the duct 218 is formed by drilling (see FIG. 2).

FIG. 22 details a gas permeable insert 215 of preferred geometry. It has a generally square cross section with beveled edges to enable it to fit into the cylindrical sleeve 216. The four cavities thus formed are distribution chambers 217. Communication between the several cavities is made by peripheral grooves 224 and 225.

Example 4 A gas permeable or porous insert for a sliding gate nozzle compatible with a casting ladle can be manufactured as follows.

Raw materials: - High purity corundum with particle size 0.5-8 mm and 1-3 mm.

Binders: - (a) Clays containing more than 43% Al ₂ O ₃ : up to 5% by weight (particle size 0.25 mm or less) (b) Aluminum phosphate: up to 1.5% by weight (50% aqueous solution).

Bricks are packed from this mixture under a pressure of 500-600 Kp/cm ² and then the packed mass is baked at 1600° C. for more than 4 hours.

The physical properties of this brick are as follows.

Gas permeability 500-700 nanopalms Cold compressive strength 250-350Kp/ ^cm2 .

Some general explanation would be helpful. The porosity (% by volume) is determined by the "Washburn" method. In this regard, it should be emphasized that the permeable pore volume is only a fraction of the total porosity.

Gas permeability (according to DIN51 058) is measured with nanoperm. One nanopalm is equivalent to 10 ^-9 palms. The gas permeability of 1 palm is when the viscosity of the gas is 1
A 1 cm thickness of a permeable body is defined as a gas flow of 1 dyne/cm ² /cc/cm ² /sec driven by a pressure difference of 1 dyne/cm 2 .

Now, FIG. 23 will be explained. This drawing shows the movable sliding plate 63 of a two-plate sliding gate nozzle of a vessel for containing molten metal.
shows. As such sliding gates are known in the art, the fixed plate of this gate is not shown.

Sliding plate 63 includes an orifice 55 through which molten metal passes. It is supported by a metal frame 64.

Sliding plate 63 separated from the sliding surface
The side has a metal reinforcement 229 in the form of a flat metal sheet or flat metal plate. This reinforcement 229 traverses the entire underside of the sliding plate 63 and is connected to the plate in such a way that tension, compression or shear forces do not move it.

The support frame 64 includes high points 232 and 23 to transmit the propulsion force from the support frame to the slide plate 63 that occurs when the gate is operated.
3 are formed, which are joined by correspondingly shaped shoulders 230 formed by reinforcement 229 and 2
Collaborate with 31. High point 23 on support frame 64
2 and 233 can be ribs extending transversely to the direction of movement of the slide plate 63, the length of these ribs being substantially equal to the width of the slide plate 63.

It will be appreciated that the lengths and heights of these ribs or elevations 232, 233 are arranged to meet the requirements encountered in a particular sliding gate nozzle. In FIG. 23, the high points 232 and 233 on the support frame 64 are located at a relatively short distance from the orifice 55 of the metal passageway so that relatively little deflection of the slide plate 63 occurs during use. It can only occur.

If it is desired that the sliding plate 63 bends more significantly, the high point 232 on the support frame 64
and 233 and the corresponding shoulders 230 and 231 of the sliding plate 63 can be located further apart, and more particularly, as shown in FIG.
It can be located near the end of 3.

High points 232 and 233 on support frame 64
It will be seen that shoulders 230 and 231 of reinforcement 229 and reinforcement 229 are in direct engagement when the sliding gate is operated.

In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 25 and 26, the reinforcement again consists of a flat metal sheet or flat metal plate 235. This reinforcement extends over a larger portion of the lower surface of the slide plate 112 and includes an opening 236 with a diameter greater than the diameter of the molten metal orifice 106. Preferably, the diameter of the aperture 236 in the reinforcement 235 is smaller than that of the orifice 10.
6 can be exceeded by an amount ranging from 120 to 300%, preferably from 140 to 200%. Consequently, when the refractory concrete is poured during the manufacture of the sliding plate, the gap between the orifice 106 and the opening 136 in the reinforcement is filled with refractory concrete;
In this way the reinforcement 235 will be well insulated from the poured metal while the casting is in progress.

The reinforcement 235 is formed with six tabs 237 that are integrally formed on the edges of the reinforcement and curve upward to wrap around the sides and ends of the sliding plate from the outside.

Figures 27, 28 and 29 show three variations of this type of reinforcement, in each case including an aperture 236 with a diameter exceeding the diameter of orifice 106, as described above.

In the embodiment shown in FIG.
38 and 239, these portions are curved out of the general plane defined by the reinforcement. In a manner similar to tabs 237 in FIGS. 25 and 26, these curved portions provide rigid anchorage to absorb tension, compression, and shear forces that may occur between the reinforcement and the body of the sliding plate 112. This fixing or mechanical interlocking occurs when the plates are manufactured from fireproof concrete by casting.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 28, the reinforcement includes indentations 240 that rigidly secure the reinforcement and the body of the sliding plate in a similar manner. In a variation of this embodiment, a drilled loop is used in place of the recess 240, allowing the concrete to pass through the loop and form a straight bottom surface, thereby creating a gap between the refractory concrete and the metal reinforcement. The number of combinations can be increased.

In the embodiment shown in Figure 29, the only difference is that the reinforcement is perforated.

FIG. 30 shows a three-plate sliding gate nozzle in which the sliding plates have the shape shown in FIGS. 25 and 26. FIG. Fixed plates 110 and 111 of the sliding gate nozzle have sheet metal reinforcement similar to sheet metal reinforcement 235, with upper fixed plate 11
0 has a reinforcement on its top surface, and the lower fixation plate 111 has it on its bottom surface.

Each of the sheet metal reinforcements is formed with tabs 237, as shown in FIGS. 25 and 26, which, while embedded therein, extend the sides and edges of plates 110, 111, and 112 outwardly. Wrap from.

The support frame 118 is attached to the upper fixed plate 110
The supporting frame 131 is coupled with the lower fixing plate 111. Both frames 118 and 131 have their plates 110 or 11
A plurality of protrusions or supporting contacts 2 on the side facing 1
45 are formed and the sheet metal reinforcement is supported against these contacts. This results in
Fixing plates 110 and 111 are automatically and precisely installed without the use of mortar.

If desired, the reinforced sliding plate according to the invention can be thinner than the thickness achieved by conventional pressed and fired plates. For example, if the length to thickness ratio is greater than 15:1,
For example, it can be from 20:1 to 25:1 or even higher.

Figures 31 to 33 show a cast sliding plate 63.
, this sliding plate 63 is formed on its underside by T-shaped sections 250 and 251 extending along both sides of the plate, and is joined by three welded transverse plates 252, 253 and 254. Contains directional and cross-directional reinforcement elements.

FIG. 34 is a plan view of the slide plate 312, which includes a metal reinforcement similar to the slide plates described above, but which is not visible from above. Only the aperture 314 is visible, which is reinforced with a metal sheet in a manner described below in connection with Figures 35-39.

Support elements 315, shown in broken lines, conveniently formed with suitable elevations or contacts, are provided on the side of the support frame (not shown here) facing the sliding plate. The reinforcement of the sliding plate rests on these supporting contacts. As a result, the reinforced sliding plate 312 is suspended freely in the area of the discharge channel 106. In this way, this plate can be deformed to a certain extent under the action of forces occurring during use.

The manufacture of a sliding plate according to this aspect of the invention will be explained in more detail in connection with FIGS. 35-39.

FIG. 35 shows a mold 401, in which the prepared reinforcing material 402 shown in FIG. 37 is first placed in a predetermined position. In the case shown, the reinforcement 40
2 consists of a metal sheet (or plate) 403 containing a tubular metal container 404 covered by a cap 405. A protrusion, for example a protrusion 406 in the form of a metal pin or boss, is welded to the sheet metal reinforcement 403. These pins 406 create a mechanical interlock, thus tightly fixing the reinforcement 402 and the refractory concrete that constitutes the sliding plate. In another preferred variation, the pin 406 is formed with a wide head, tongue or groove to increase the incorporation of the metal reinforcement into the refractory concrete.

The bottom of the mold 401 includes a hole 407 through which an ejector device 408 can be inserted to eject the finishing slide plate from the mold. This effect is illustrated diagrammatically in FIG.

In the case shown in FIG.
1 is made for producing sliding plates by pouring fireproof concrete and compacting it, for example by shaking. In this way, the mold 401 is filled with fireproof concrete, the concrete above the edges is scooped out, and this is machined parallel to the bottom of the mold 401.

The cap 405 can be made of any suitable material since its purpose is to prevent the ingress of refractory concrete into the tubular reinforcement enclosure 404. However, if the cap were formed as welded on steel, it could also increase the mechanical interlock.

FIG. 36 diagrammatically illustrates extruding the plate from the mold as soon as the concrete has first set, as previously described. The reinforcing sheet 402 acts as a support and prevents the sliding plate from sagging during storage and other processing (curing, drying, etc.).
At the same time, mold 401 is thus immediately ready for further use.

FIG. 38 shows a conventional type of support frame 411.
FIG. According to the invention, this support frame 411 is followed by a rigidly attached boss or stub 409, the diameter of which is calculated to fit snugly into the tubular insert 404 in the reinforcement 402.

FIG. 39 shows a reinforced slide plate 413 for assembly with support frame 411.
The reinforcing metal sheet 402 rests on a disk 412 which absorbs vertical forces and transmits them through the support plate 411 in a direction not shown. Bosses 409 in enclosure 404 secure the slide plate within support frame 411 against horizontal displacement, but do not prevent horizontal expansion. The boss 409 also absorbs the entire driving force of the sliding plate. This boss 409
The transmission of the plate 413 through the reinforcement 402 to the concrete component is done by high points, protrusions or stubs 406 and tubes 404.

A disc-shaped support member 412 on the illustrated long side of the slide plate, not shown, is connected to contact portion 245 in FIG. 30 and contact portion 3 in FIG. 34.
15 corresponds to at least one corresponding contact on the short side.

In the embodiments described above, the resulting bending stresses are absorbed by the reinforcement. Similar to the embodiment according to FIG. 34, this provides the advantage that the slide plate, by bending, relieves the undesirable compressive stresses of thermal expansion caused by local heating in the vicinity of the discharge path of the molten metal. Additionally, the provision of these contacts allows the reinforcement to be moved to precise statically calculated positions.

Furthermore, it must be mentioned that the boss 409 optionally has a central hole through which gas can be passed.

Examples of refractory concretes that can be used in the sliding gate nozzles described above are described in Examples 1, 2, and 3 above.

35-39, a hole is drilled in the support frame 411 sized to receive the tube 404, and the tube 404 is extended downwardly through the reinforcing element 402 to engage said hole in the frame 411. . This tube can then be used as a working fluid inlet and can communicate with a working fluid duct within the plate.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional diagram of the center plate of a three-plate sliding gate nozzle arrangement taken along line 1--1 of FIG. 2, including a duct formed in accordance with a first aspect of the invention; Figure 2 shows the line -
It is a sectional view of the plate seen from. FIG. 3 is a diagrammatic representation of a second embodiment of a central plate according to the invention including formed ducts and porous inserts.
4 is a cross-sectional view of the plate of FIG. 3 taken along the line - of FIG. 3; FIG. Figure 5 shows the line -
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of a modification of the embodiment shown in FIGS. 8 and 4 from FIG. FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of the center plate taken along the line - in FIG. 5 and a plan view of the bottom plate of the embodiment shown in FIG. FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional diagram of a third embodiment of the central plate according to the invention taken along the line - of FIG. 8; 8 is a sectional view of the plate shown in FIG. 7 taken from - in FIG. 7; FIG. 9th
The figure is a cross-sectional view from the vertical center line of a fourth embodiment of a central plate and a portion of a bottom stationary plate according to the invention. Figure 10 shows the line -
FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view of the embodiment shown in FIG. 9 from FIG. 11th
The figure is a plan view of the top surface of the bottom stationary plate of the embodiment shown in FIG. 9. FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view taken from the line - of FIG. 13 of a fifth embodiment of the central plate in a three-plate sliding gate nozzle device provided with a duct capable of direct heating; Figure 13 shows the 12th line from the line - in Figure 12.
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the plate shown in the figure. Figure 14 shows
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional diagrammatic view of a sixth embodiment of a central plate of a three-plate sliding gate nozzle device including embedded therein a gas-permeable insert according to the invention; FIG. 15 is a plan view of the plate shown in FIG. 14. FIG. 16 shows a three-plate sliding gate nozzle of a container for holding a metal melt, showing a seventh embodiment of the central plate according to the invention, with a gas-permeable insert embedded in the plate shown in the open position; FIG. FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the device. Figure 17 shows
17 is a sectional view corresponding to FIG. 16 showing the central or sliding plate in a partially closed position; FIG.
FIG. 18 is a sectional view corresponding to FIG. 16 showing the central sliding plate in the closed position. FIG. 19 is a cross-sectional view of an eighth aspect of the present invention, a two-plate sliding gate nozzle arrangement having a sliding plate embedded therein with a gas permeable insert. FIG. 20 is a cross-sectional view of a ninth embodiment of the invention, a nozzle including a gas permeable insert in the metal discharge passage of a container for holding a metal melt. FIG. 21 is a cross-sectional diagram illustrating how the embodiment shown in FIG. 20 can be manufactured. FIG. 22 is a cross-sectional view of the gas permeable insert shown in FIG. 21 taken along line - of FIG. 21;
FIG. 23 is a cross-sectional diagram of a tenth embodiment of the invention illustrated with a sliding plate including metal reinforcement. FIG. 24 is a drawing similar to FIG. 23 showing a modified structure. FIG. 25 is a plan view showing the eleventh embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 26 is a longitudinal sectional view of the embodiment shown in FIG. 25. FIG. 27 shows the method of the present invention.
It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of 12 embodiments. FIG. 28 is a longitudinal sectional view of the thirteenth embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 29 is a longitudinal sectional view of the fourteenth embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 30 is a longitudinal sectional view of the fifteenth embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 31 is a longitudinal sectional view of the sixteenth embodiment of the present invention. Figure 32 shows
32 is a top view of the embodiment shown in FIG. 31; FIG. Third
3 is a sectional view taken along the line - in FIG. 32. Figure 34 is a top view of the seventeenth embodiment of the invention. Figures 35 and 36 illustrate one method of manufacturing a sliding plate with metal reinforcement. 37, 38 and 39 show another method of manufacturing sliding plates with metal reinforcement. 55...Discharge passage, 58...Frame, 63...
...Sliding plate, 64... Frame, 67...
Fixed plate, 106...Discharge passage, 110,1
11... fixed plate, 112... sliding plate, 131... frame, 131'... mortar,
118... Frame, 150... Duct, 151
...Inlet opening, 152... Outlet opening, 154...
Groove, 155...Duct, 156...Insert, 157...Gas pipe, 160...Main body, 165
...Sliding plate, 167...Gap, 168
...Fireproof cement, 169 ...Fixing plate, 1
70... Entrance, 171... Outlet, 172... Groove, 175... Insert, 176... Mortar, 177... Groove, 178... Distribution chamber, 178
a...Metal plate, 179...Duct, 182
...Metal plate, 183...Duct, 183a
...Gas supply pipe, 184a, 184b...Duct, 185...Inlet, 186...Outlet, 188,
189...opening, 190,191...groove, 19
2...opening, 193...groove, 194...exit,
200...Main body, 205...Sleeve, 208...
...Distribution chamber, 212...Sleeve, 213...Mortar layer, 213a...Felt jacket, 21
6...Sleeve, 217...Distribution chamber, 218...
Duct, 219...tube, 220, 221...heart,
222...type, 224,225...groove, 229
...Reinforcement material, 230,231...Shoulder, 232,2
33... High place or rib, 235... Reinforcement material, 2
36... Opening, 237... Tab, 240... Recess, 245... Contact portion, 250, 251, 25
2,253,254...Reinforcement element, 260,26
1,262...Duct, 312...Sliding plate, 314...Opening, 315...Contact part, 401
...Mold, 402,403...Reinforcement material, 404...
Container, 406... Protrusion, 407... Hole, 4
09...Boss, 411...Frame, 413...
sliding plate.

Claims (1)

Claims: 1. A closure plate, preferably replaceable for use as a sliding plate in or with a sliding gate valve for controlling the flow of molten metal from a metallurgical vessel. a fire-resistant fitting, the body of the plate defining at least one discharge passageway for molten metal passing through the valve; , during casting of the refractory concrete, at least one reinforcement is embedded in the body, the reinforcement being located on the side remote from the sliding surface of the closure plate when the closure plate is in use; , characterized in that the reinforcement is shaped in such a way that it can be mechanically combined with the fireproof concrete during operation of the closure plate, thereby transmitting propulsion forces from the support frame to the body. parts to be installed. 2. The mounting component of claim 1, wherein the reinforcement is made from a sheet or plate of metal, the sheet or plate having a key element extending from a major surface thereof. 3. The mounting part according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the reinforcement comprises tabs provided on the edges of the reinforcement for surrounding the sides and ends of the closure plate from the outside. 4. The reinforcing material according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the reinforcing material comprises a key element that is bent from the main plane defined by the reinforcing material or has the shape of an indentation or depression. Installed parts. 5. A fitting according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the reinforcement comprises a hole into which the refractory concrete extends. 6. The reinforcement and support frame shall, during operation of the valve,
6. Mounting part according to any of claims 1 to 5, comprising cooperating elements in the form of shoulders, ribs, inserts, pins, etc. for transmitting propulsion forces therebetween. 7. Mounting according to any of claims 1 to 6, wherein the reinforcement comprises support elements extending along both sides of the closure plate and combined by welded transverse plates. parts.