JPH01124327A - Cultivation of mycorrhiza of armillaria matsutake - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To enable artificial culture of Armillaria matsutake, by culturing a pine sapling on rock wool and inoculating the mycelia of Armillaria matsutake to the root of the pine. CONSTITUTION:A rock wool mat 2 is placed on a culture tank 1 and a rock wool cube 3 containing a seed of Japanese red pine is placed on the mat 2. A liquid fertilizer is filled in the bottom 5 of both sides of the mat and the pine is cultured. After the culture for about 2-3 years, the root of the pine is cut together with the rock wool cube along the dotted line 7. The lower part of the cut cube 3 is discarded. A colony of mycelia cultured beforehand is inoculated to the root of the pine. The upper face of the cube and the base of the sapling are covered with an aluminum foil 8. When the sapling is grown, it is transplanted in a forest of Japanese red pine. The growth of the Armillaria matsutake can be expected by this process.

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] The present invention involves cultivating Matsutake fungi using rock wool, a new material, as a medium, cultivating pine seedlings through rock wool cultivation, and joining the elongated pine roots with the cultured Matsutake fungi. This is a method for cultivating Matsutake mycorrhizal seedlings, which is characterized by carrying out simultaneous cultivation to artificially cause mycorrhizal formation.

The Matsutake fungus grows on the fine roots of living Japanese red pine, creates ectomycorrhizas, and lives by ingesting nutrients.

The matsutake fungus is a living parasitic fungus, so if it is separated from the pine root, it will be easily attacked by mold and other bacteria. It is impossible to artificially cultivate matsutake by inoculating seed fungi into saprophytic organic matter like parasitic mushrooms.Over the years, various experiments and cultivation attempts have been made, but with matsutake, it is impossible to inoculate seedlings with seedlings. The method of cultivation has not yet been established.

4゜ Around 1970, Matsutake appeared in Nagano. Matsutake grew from the roots of young red pine trees near the whites (mycelial layer in the soil) where Matsutake grew, and mycelium became resistant to the roots and mycorrhizae developed. It was discovered that they were forming, and this served as a hint, and experimental research began around 1972 in Hiroshima Prefecture and other locations. The infection method involves planting pine seedlings near the whites of Matsutake mushrooms, waiting for the whites to expand and arrive at the seedlings, and forming mycorrhizas on the roots, then digging up the seedlings and transplanting them to another forest area in an attempt to propagate Matsutake mushrooms. It is called the law.

According to the results of tests conducted in various places using the above method, the yield rate of seedlings with mycorrhizae formed is extremely low (and there are technical problems such as the bacteria disappearing or the seedlings dying even after transplanting). Many spots remain.New roots cannot invade into the fungal coqney, but hyphae can invade into the root group.

The site where hyphae first attach is neither the tip nor the root of the rootlet. If hyphae are resistant to attachment to the entire root of a young tree, the disease-causing bacteria will be resistant to attachment. Mycorrhiza will not form even if the hyphae are made into a capsule and enclose part of the pine root. Pine roots also seem to have a certain resistance to fungal colonization.
In order to create mycorrhizae artificially, there are some difficulties, such as the strength and amount of the inoculum source, the strength of the tree, and the physiological state of the pine, in order for the matsutake and red pine to combine to form tooth roots.

The present invention is based on the research results of culturing and inoculating Matsutake fungi over the past 10 years, taking into account the physiology and ecology of these bacteria. Focusing on the characteristics of (1) Is it possible to grow Matsutake fungi on rock wool? (2) Is it possible to grow sterile pine seedlings through rock wool cultivation? After repeating two new basic experiments and ingenuity, they finally succeeded. By combining these two techniques (1) and (2) and using a completely new and reliable mycorrhizal formation method, we have invented a mycorrhizal seedling cultivation method that does not cause mycelium to disappear or pine seedlings to wither.

In order to cultivate Matsutake fungi using the new rock wool material as a medium, it is necessary to know the physical and chemical properties of rock wool.

A. Physical properties 1. It is an inorganic fiber whose main raw material is calcium silicate.

2. Homogeneous and thin fiber (3-7'), heat resistant (700℃
) is excellent.

3. The porosity is high and 9096 of the volume is air.

4. It is sterile, has stable quality, and has excellent water and heat retention properties.

B. Chemical Properties Furthermore, when culturing Matsutake fungi, the composition of the Matsutake culture solution must be designed in accordance with the Rockwool medium. As a result of experiments, the following composition was found to be effective.

Composition of Special Culture SolutionNext, regarding Rockwool cultivation of Japanese red pine seedlings, it is an absolute requirement to cultivate sterile seedlings, and since Rockwool is an inorganic fiber and is sterile, it satisfies this condition better than others. If the pine root is resistant to or infected with other fungi before being inoculated with the Matsutake fungus, it will not be possible to form a drawing board. Spread sterilized red pine seeds in the center of the top of the rock wool cue and place it on the rock wool mat. Wrap the area below the rock wool cube with an SS sheet (a sheet of water-absorbing paper covered with aluminum foil to prevent algae growth, bacterial adhesion, and moisture loss), and leave the upper part of the pine seedling exposed to sunlight. Sterile seedlings can be obtained by growing them for one to two years while fertilizing and controlling moisture, temperature, and sunlight until the pine roots grow and reach the bottom of the cube.

The present invention combines the above two technologies and uses a completely new and reliable mycorrhizal formation method to complete a mycorrhizal seedling cultivation method that does not cause mycelium to disappear or pine seedlings to wither. If the mycorrhizal fungi obtained by the present invention are planted in a red pine forest as a mat-like seedling of matsutake, it will not wither or disappear (if it grows and the fertilization management after planting is good, it will not die after 3 to 4 years). This is a revolutionary technological advancement in matsutake cultivation in which fruiting bodies are generated in a short period of time.As mentioned above, the present invention uses rock wool, the latest material, to simultaneously culture matsutake fungi and red pine seedlings.
Matsutake fungi, which grew and multiplied on rock wool mats along with test plates through one year of intermediate culture, formed mycorrhizae and became strong enough to not be easily attacked by bacteria, overturning the established theory that cultured fungi are weak. From an academic perspective, it can be said that some of the conditions for mycorrhizal formation have been clarified. With the present invention, production of matsutake seeds and seedlings has entered the stage of practical use, and artificial cultivation of matsutake has become possible.

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

Figure 1 shows a rock wool cultivation device for red pine. A rock wool mat (2) is placed in a cultivation tank (1), a rock wool cube (3) is placed on it, and sterilized Japanese red pine seeds are seeded at a position (4) in the center of the top surface. Pour liquid fertilizer into the bottom (5) on both sides of the mat and stir to adjust the moisture content of the rock wool mat to 25-30%. A 100x solution of Hyponex was applied as liquid fertilizer. Young seedlings are prone to elongation due to excessive humidity, so care must be taken in fertilization management.

Figure 2 shows the cultivation of Japanese red pine seedlings.
This is the growth status of pine seedlings (6) after two years. The roots reach the mat. The broken line (7) indicates the part where the test plate is cut laterally together with the rock wool cube during inoculation and bonding.

Cutting the test plate at the time of inoculation is an important measure and is one of the conditions that makes it easier for mycelia to take root.The lower part of the cut cube is discarded.Pinus fulva is a confectionery plant and is not suitable for greenhouse cultivation. Because of this, it prevents over-drying in the greenhouse, controls sunlight,
It took a lot of effort and ingenuity to manage the fertilizer, such as preventing heat damage in the summer and occasionally letting the plants outside.

Figure 3 shows the locations where seeds and seedlings are inoculated. When inoculating mycelia, a medium Nisplan Soil (10) containing Rockwool culture solution (Solution A) is placed. To prepare Nisplan medium, soak Nisplan soil sufficiently with Solution A, dehydrate it to 25% moisture, and boil it in a high-pressure cooker at 120°Cl2.
Heat sterilization was performed for 0 minutes. Place it on a rock wool mat to a thickness of 10 ff, and place the top half of the cube with seedlings on top. At this time, the position on one side of the top surface of the medium (1
In step 1), a mycelial colony previously cultured in Solution B is inoculated using a 30-diameter test tube. One test tube of vigorous bacteria, about 30 days old, was used. The top surface of the cube and the base of the seedling are covered with aluminum foil (8), and the cube and mat are wrapped with an SS sheet (9). After inoculation and conjugation, they were kept in a greenhouse with heating and cooling equipment for controlled cultivation, and the bed temperature was kept at 16-17°C in winter and below 26°C in summer. If the bed temperature exceeds 30'C, the hyphae will often weaken and fail.

Figure 4 shows a state in which mycelium has grown along with new roots to form mycorrhizas (12) on the wool mat. For one year after inoculation and joining, temperature, illuminance, fertilization, etc. are carefully controlled in a greenhouse, and the growth of mycelia is measured by inspection of plates.In April one year later, mycorrhiza formation is confirmed, and the seeds are taken care of beforehand. Plant in a red pine forest where roots and root collection have been encouraged. The soil used for planting must be sterilized. For sterilization, mix and prepare a volume ratio of 8 parts Akadama soil, 1 part peat moss, and 1 part vermiculite, and keep the acidity slightly high < PH4, 5 to suppress bacteria in the soil.

The mycorrhizae grew into the soil from May to July, and continued to multiply in September, gradually creating a shiro.

Claims (1)

[Claims] Matsutake fungi were cultivated using rock wool, a new material, as the ground, pine seedlings were cultivated separately through rock wool cultivation, and the elongated pine roots and cultured Matsutake fungi were joined together for further simultaneous cultivation. A method for cultivating Matsutake mycorrhizal seedlings, which is characterized by allowing mycorrhizal formation.