JPH09215407A - Seed coated with fertilizer - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To coat a seed of a plant double with an inside coating layer which prevents the influence of a fertilizer and heat and an outside coating layer which consists of fertilizer components, to uniformly scatter seeds of very small size, etc., and to easily perform the management, etc., of the fertilizer. SOLUTION: The seed of the plant is coated with the inside coating layer of powder containing zeolite, etc., and air bubbles much and the outside coating layer consisting principally of the fertilizer components is formed outside it to arbitrary thickness to obtain the seed coated with the fertilizer. Arbitrary fertilizer materials are usable as the fertilizer components and the inside coating layer prevents the seed from being affected by the fertilizer and by the heat, etc., at the time of the formation of the grain. Then, the seed of arbitrary size is formed to easily perform seeding operation and saves the trouble for fertilizer addition, etc.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a seed coated with a fertilizer, which is a seed of a plant covered with a fertilizer component, and in particular, a granular seed obtained by coating the outer surface of very fine seed with a fertilizer material. The present invention relates to a seed coated with a fertilizer, which can easily disperse the seed in a field or the like and can save the trouble of spraying the fertilizer later.

[0002]

[Prior art and its problems] When seeding vegetables and grains in a field, etc., a method of cultivating the field, spraying fertilizer, making ridges, sowing seeds and applying soil It is used. In addition, when planting seedlings without spraying seeds directly into the field, sow the seeds in a cultivation container such as a planter placed in a greenhouse, etc., and after the seedlings of the plant grow to a certain size, The method of planting seedlings in cultivated soil in a greenhouse is used. Further, when cultivating lawns and other plants on slopes such as slopes, a method of mixing plant seeds with fertilizer components and spraying them is used. However, if the seeds of a plant are a few mm in size, it is relatively easy to spray them one by one by hand, but if the seeds are very small, such as poppy, they are sprayed by a fixed number by hand. That is very troublesome. In particular, when seeds are sprayed using a machine such as a sowing machine, it is difficult to spray the seeds uniformly, and there is a problem that seedlings growing in fields or the like vary. Further, even in greenhouses and fields, it is necessary to spray the fertilizer necessary for the growth of seedlings after the seeds have germinated, and the effort of spraying a relatively small amount of fertilizer is a heavy burden on farmers.

Therefore, in order to solve the above-mentioned problems, seeds are dispersed in a fertilizer component, mixed and formed into granules, and the seeds are sprayed on a field or the like, so that it is necessary to add fertilizer later. It is considered to be able to omit it. However, when the seed is mixed with the fertilizer component, the fertilizer component may cause a problem such as the influence of the seed, and the germination rate may not be good. On slopes such as slopes, the seeds and fertilizer components sprayed may be washed away by rain, and the seeds and fertilizer components remaining attached to the slopes will be very small, and the efficiency of spraying will be low. May not be good. On the other hand, in order to protect the slope with plants, it is necessary to spray extra seeds and fertilizer, and the cost for greening the slope also affects the cost. There is also concern about the influence of other components on the plants and natural environment due to the components flowing out.

The present invention solves the above-mentioned problem of plant seed cultivation, and the seed is mixed with a fertilizer component to form a granular product, which is prepared in a size that is easy to handle. Along with the purpose of providing seeds that can protect the seeds from being affected by fertilizer components, the seeds coated with a fertilizer that can easily perform sowing work and save the trouble of spraying additional fertilizer Is intended to provide.

[0005]

According to the present invention, a seed unit having an inner coating layer is prepared by covering the surface of a plant seed with a material containing many air bubbles, and the seed unit is used as an outer coating layer. Mix with fertilizer material to create a fertilizer mixture in which the seeds of the plant are dispersed, divide the fertilizer mixture in which the seeds are dispersed into granules, and configure fertilizer-coated seeds by adjusting the water content. There is. Further, in the present invention, the inner coating layer made of a material containing a large number of bubbles includes an inorganic material such as zeolite, vermiculite, and perlite, a carbon component such as charcoal and activated carbon, and porous calcium such as shellfish and coral. A mixture of one kind or a plurality of kinds of components can be used. Further, in the present invention, a material containing a large number of bubbles constituting the inner coating layer is mixed with a polysaccharide such as glucose, pectin, or oligosaccharide, and mixed with plant seeds and stirred while adding water. It is also possible to form a seed unit by forming an inner coating layer of the material containing a large amount of air bubbles on the surface of plant seeds.

In addition to the above-mentioned constitution, in the present invention, as the fertilizer material constituting the outer coating layer, three components of fertilizer, organic fertilizer component, inorganic components such as perlite and zeolite, vermiculite, activated carbon, etc. The powdered or granular carbon component is mixed and used in one kind or in plural kinds, the seed unit is dispersed in the fertilizer material, water is added and mixed, and the mixture is divided into granules. It is possible to create. Further, in the present invention,
When mixing the seed unit with the fertilizer material as the outer coating layer, a mixture of a water-proof component and a fungicide component dispersed in a petroleum solvent is sprayed and mixed with water, and the seed unit is added to the fertilizer material. It can be prepared by dispersing and mixing a body and dividing it into particles to adjust the water content.

As described above, the inner coating layer is formed on the surface of the seed with a material having a large amount of air bubbles to form a seed unit, thereby forming a heat insulating layer and a shielding layer for fertilizer on the surface of the seed. You can Therefore,
For example, when the seed unit is mixed in the fertilizer component and then extruded using an extruder, when adjusting the water content such as drying by creating a granular material, even if a heating action is given to the seed, The layer of the inorganic material covering the surface of the seed makes it possible to protect the seed and maintain a good germination rate. Further, even when targeting very small seeds, since it is possible to create grains of any size, it becomes possible to easily perform the work of sowing the fields, Eliminates the need to add fertilizer to plant seedlings. Further, in the case of spraying plant seeds on slopes such as slopes of roads, the fertilizer component should be used by dispersing a waterproof component and a fungicide component in a petroleum solvent with respect to the fertilizer component. Can exhibit the characteristic that it gradually melts over a long time,
Plants can be grown on sloping land without the need for fertilizer application.

[0008]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described below. The present invention, by covering the surface of the seed of the plant with a material containing a large amount of air bubbles, to create a seed unit covered with an inner coating layer of any thickness, and then the surface of the seed unit outside. It is covered with a coating layer. When forming the outer coating layer, a seed unit is mixed with a fertilizer material formed into a powder or granules to form a fertilizer mixture in which plant seeds are dispersed, and the fertilizer in which the seeds are dispersed. By dividing the mixture into granules and drying and adjusting the water content of the whole, fertilizer-coated seeds can be constructed. In the present invention, the material containing many bubbles used as the inner coating layer is an inorganic material such as zeolite, vermiculite, or perlite, a carbon component such as charcoal or activated carbon, or a porous calcium component such as shellfish or coral. , Crushed into powder,
Alternatively, it can be used by crushing it into an arbitrary size such as granules, and one of the various materials can be used alone. When a mixture of plural kinds of the various materials described above is used at an arbitrary ratio, powder or granular materials of these materials are sufficiently mixed and used.

Inorganic materials such as zeolite, vermiculite, and perlite used as the fine powder material containing a large amount of air bubbles are materials generally used in agriculture as soil conditioners, and have an arbitrary thickness on the surface of plant seeds. The coating does not affect the seeds. Also,
Carbon components such as charcoal and activated carbon, porous calcium components such as shellfish and coral have very fine voids inside, as in the case of the inorganic materials,
Even when pulverized into powder or granules, fine voids remain inside each of the powders. And
Such a powder retains a large proportion of voids with the voids between the powders and shields the seed against heat and fertilizer when adhered to the surface of the seed using a polysaccharide, as described below. The property can be exhibited.

As the inner coating layer, Japanese Patent Publication No. 4-26
It is also possible to use a soil conditioner component as disclosed in Japanese Patent No. 359. As the known soil improver, a mixture of an inorganic material, an organic material such as activated carbon, an organic lime material such as coral, and a magnetic material is used. By using the soil improver component to form a coating layer for seeds, each component does not adversely affect the seeds, and is composed of a material that promotes germination and growth of seeds. It is a thing. Furthermore, before coating and drying the soil improver component on the surface of the seed, by applying a magnetic field, a treatment for aligning the magnetic substance contained in the material is performed, and the magnetic field acts on the seed. By doing so, the germination rate can be improved. That is, in the seed of the present invention, in order to exert the conventionally known characteristic that the germination rate can be improved by applying a magnetic field, the magnetic substance is mixed with the seed coating layer, and 3
This can be achieved by fixing the orientation of the magnetic field of the magnetic material through a magnetic field of -40 gauss, preferably 3-30 gauss. After the magnetizing action, the inner coating layer is dried so as to be transferred to the operation of forming the next outer coating layer.

When the surface of the seed is coated with the powder containing a large amount of air bubbles to form an inner coating layer, the powdered material is mixed with a polysaccharide such as glucose, pectin or oligosaccharide to prepare a seed. It is possible to form a coating layer of the powder on the surface of the seeds of the plant by stirring while adding water by, for example, mixing and spraying water. The polysaccharide is capable of exhibiting the same viscous effect as glue by adding water, and causes the powder to adhere to the surface of the seed and to spread the seed to the field. After that, it is used as a nutrient for the microorganisms in the soil, promotes the growth of the microorganisms, and the plants receive nutrient components from the microorganisms, whereby the root growth of the plants can be promoted.

In the present invention, as a fertilizer material for forming the outer coating layer, a three-component component of fertilizer, an organic fertilizer component, an inorganic component such as perlite, zeolite, vermiculite, or a carbon component such as activated carbon is used. One kind or a mixture of plural kinds can be used in the form of powder or granules. In the seed coated with the fertilizer of the present invention, for example, the three elemental components of the fertilizer (nitrogen, phosphoric acid, potassium) can be composed of a chemical fertilizer. Further, as an organic fertilizer component, dried ripe compost is dried and powdered, chicken manure or other livestock waste is composted, and the compost component is a mixture of crushed bone powder or the like. It is possible to use fertilizer components. Furthermore, it is possible to use a mixture of a chemical fertilizer component and an organic fertilizer component, and those fertilizer components are used for the nutrients required for the seedlings sprouted from seeds to grow to some extent. It is blended according to the ingredients.

When the fertilizer component is attached to the surface of the inner coating layer of the seed, the fertilizer component formed into powder or granules is used alone, or the fertilizer component and the soil conditioner component are mixed in a predetermined ratio. It is possible to use a method in which the seed units are dispersed in the above-mentioned mixture and housed in a stirring device, and water is added and kneaded while mixing and stirring these materials.
Then, the seed unit is uniformly dispersed inside the kneaded mixture of fertilizer components, molded into a thin sheet or udon, and the molded product is cut and dried to adjust the water content. And a granular product in a dry state can be obtained. When the fertilizer component or the like cannot exhibit a good viscosity even when water is added and cannot retain the shape of the particles, the binder material should be used in the production of the inner coating layer. As a matter of course, an appropriate amount of polysaccharides and the like may be mixed. Further, the seed provided with the two coating layers of the present invention can be formed into a tablet shape by using an apparatus such as a granulator, or can be configured as particles having an arbitrary shape. It can be produced by using any means for producing grains.

As described above, the seeds coated with the fertilizer of the present invention are composed of the inner coating layer and the outer coating layer of the fertilizer material as a double layer. Etc. can be arbitrarily set, and for example, when the seeds are so hard as to be easily crushed by hand, sowing can be done in a short time after the fertilizer-coated seeds are produced. It can be applied when performing. In other words, since the outer coating layer of the seed of fertilizer-coated seed is in a state of containing a large amount of water, fertilizer can be easily germinated at a temperature suitable for germination of the seed. Prolonging the production of coated seeds can be problematic.

Separately from the above-mentioned embodiment, when the seed is coated with fertilizer by drying the seed with two coating layers having very low water content, the seed is supplied from the coating layer. The seeds do not easily germinate even under an arbitrary temperature environment because of the extremely small amount of water content. Then, the seeds coated with fertilizer can be stored for a long time, and the coating layer of the seeds is configured to have many gaps, whereby water can be easily absorbed and the water can be supplied to the seeds. In addition, by providing the seed with a property capable of exerting an action of supplying air through the coating layer, the storage condition of the seed can be kept good, and water can be easily added to the seed by adding water. It becomes possible to penetrate. Furthermore, the seeds in a dried state, after sowing the seeds coated with fertilizer on any cultivated fields such as fields or slopes, or planters, and then naturally or manually supplying water, the seed coating layer It absorbs water and becomes soft, water is given to the seeds inside to promote germination, and the germinated seedlings can grow by breaking the covering layer.

In the present invention, when the seed unit is mixed with the fertilizer material as the outer coating layer, the fertilizer material is prepared by dispersing the waterproof component and the antifungal component in a petroleum solvent. Mixing while spraying with water, a mixture of dispersed seed units in the fertilizer material,
It can also be created by dividing it into particles of any size.
Mixing a waterproof component and a mildew-proof component in the fertilizer material to form an outer coating layer of a slow-acting fertilizer, for example,
This is especially required when greening slopes such as sloping land. The waterproof component covering the fertilizer component has the effect of naturally weathering and gradually releasing the fertilizer component. The effect can be maintained for a long period of time. Furthermore, in the seeds coated with the fertilizer of the present invention,
When the fungicide component is mixed with the fertilizer component, it is possible to prevent the fertilizer component from spoiling and prevent the fertilizer component from being used for the growth of microorganisms unnecessary for plant growth. As the slow-acting fertilizer, for example, a fertilizer described in Japanese Patent Publication No. 7-68073 relating to the applicant's prior application can be used, and in addition, a fertilizer having similar properties can be exhibited. If so, a fertilizer component having an arbitrary delayed action can be used.

When seeds coated with the fertilizer of the present invention are sprayed on a slope that is easily dried, in order to supply water to the seedlings of the germinated seeds, in addition to the fertilizer components, water absorption is added. A mixture of plastic components having properties can be used. That is, the fertilizer component as the outer coating layer that coats the outside of the seed is mixed with a water-absorbing plastic material (for example, a water-retaining plastic material used in paper diapers, etc.) A layer of the outer coating layer provided on the surface of the seeds sprayed on the surface, etc. prevents moisture such as rain from being sucked and held to prevent drying, and is required until the roots of the plant grow sufficiently To be able to supply water. When the outer coating layer having the water retention property as described above is formed on the outer side of the inner coating layer, the amount of rain is small when the seed is sown not only on the slope but also on the dry land. Even when sowing in season, the plant can be easily cultivated even if the number of times of water spraying is reduced.

As described above, a seed layer is formed by forming a layer of powder material with a predetermined thickness on the outside of the seed, and coating the fertilizer component with an arbitrary thickness on the outside of the seed with a granular fertilizer coating. In this case, the thickness of each coating layer can be set arbitrarily. Even when targeting very small seeds such as poppy seeds and light and easily dispersible seeds such as flower seeds, the fertilizer is coated with an arbitrary size such as a few mm. Can be configured as seeds. Furthermore, as a seed to which the present invention is applicable, to a lawn at a golf course or a park, it is also applicable when sowing seeds of grass, and by spraying seeds formed into a grain on the lawn,
Very small seeds can be evenly and efficiently sprayed, and the fertilizer component can be supplied to the already growing grass at the same time. When spraying turf seeds, mixing lawn that germinates in the spring with turf that germinates in the summer or autumn and spray it onto the lawn makes it easier to cure the lawn. Therefore, by spraying the seeds only once in early spring, it becomes possible to easily manage the lawn without performing work such as sowing of grass in other seasons. Of course, when spraying seeds with different germination timings as described above at the same time, the fertilizer component is mixed with a component that exerts a delayed effect, and the fertilizer component is supplied according to the timing of seed germination. Can be processed and used.

When the seeds coated with the fertilizer are constructed to have an arbitrary size, a seed sowing device or the like can be used to spread the seeds evenly on the slope, Sowing work can be easily performed. Also, when sowing seeds in a field by hand, the seeds are of a size that is easy to handle. You can Furthermore, when sowing planters in a greenhouse or the like, the required number of seeds can be surely planted, and the sowing work can be simplified. In addition, in the said Example of this invention, although description was made for the case of including one seed in the seed which coat | covered one fertilizer, when forming the unit body of a seed, two or A plurality of seeds can be put together to form a seed unit. In addition to this, when the seed unit is mixed with the fertilizer component and then divided, it is possible to set a unit for dividing so that the seed grains coated with one fertilizer include a plurality of seeds. As such, it is possible to include any number of seeds in one fertilizer-coated seed, if desired.

[0020]

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY As described above, the fertilizer-coated seed of the present invention has a seed unit formed by forming a layer of an inorganic material containing many bubbles on the surface of the seed as an inner coating layer. Therefore, the inner coating layer in contact with the seed can be formed on the surface of the seed as a heat insulating and shielding layer for fertilizer. Therefore, for example, when the seed unit is mixed in the fertilizer component used as the outer coating layer, extrusion molding is performed using an extruder, and when a granular product is prepared and dried, a heating action is imparted to the seed. However, the seeds can be protected by the inner coating layer such as an inorganic material that covers the surface of the seeds, and the germination rate can be maintained at a good level. Moreover, even in the case of seeds of very small grains, it is possible to create grains of any size, so that it is possible to easily perform the work of sowing seeds in fields and the like. You can save the trouble of adding fertilizer to the seedlings. Then, by constructing the two coating layers that cover the seeds with materials having properties corresponding to the plant, it is possible to sow seeds with necessary nutritional components until the seeds grow to a predetermined size. Can be supplied together.

Further, when the seeds of plants are sprayed on slopes such as slopes of roads, a waterproof component and a fungicide component are dispersed in a petroleum-based solvent with respect to the fertilizer component to prepare the fertilizer component. By using those with limited release, it is possible to exert the characteristic that the fertilizer component gradually dissolves out over a long period of time, and it is possible to grow plants on slopes without spraying fertilizer later. . Further, even in a place where it is difficult to sow manually, it is possible to perform sowing work by a machine, and it is possible to easily perform the greening work. Also, since the seeds that have been sprayed are covered with fertilizer components, etc., even when spraying seeds that have been coated with fertilizer on the lawn or slope,
It can be prevented from being used as a feed for birds and the like, the occurrence of feeding damage can be prevented, and the germination rate of seeds can be improved.

Claims (5)

[Claims] 1. A seed unit having an inner coating layer is prepared by covering the surface of a plant seed with a material containing a large amount of air bubbles, and the seed unit is mixed as an outer coating layer with a fertilizer material to produce a plant. A fertilizer-coated seed, characterized in that a fertilizer mixture in which the seeds are dispersed is prepared, and the fertilizer mixture in which the seeds are dispersed is divided into granules to adjust the water content. 2. The inner coating layer made of a material containing a large amount of air bubbles includes an inorganic material such as zeolite, vermiculite and perlite, a carbon component such as charcoal and activated carbon, and a porous calcium component such as shellfish and coral. The seed coated with the fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein one kind or a mixture of plural kinds thereof is used. 3. The material containing a large amount of air bubbles that constitutes the inner coating layer is mixed with a polysaccharide such as glucose, pectin, or oligosaccharide, and mixed with plant seeds and stirred while adding water to the plant. The seed coated with the fertilizer according to claim 1 or 2, wherein an inner coating layer made of the material containing a large amount of air bubbles is formed on the surface of the seed to form a seed unit. 4. A fertilizer material constituting the outer coating layer, which is a powder or granule of a three-component component of fertilizer, an organic fertilizer component, an inorganic component such as perlite, zeolite, vermiculite, or a carbon component such as activated carbon. The one prepared by mixing one kind or a plurality of kinds of the prepared one, the seed unit is dispersed in the fertilizer material, and the mixture prepared by adding water is prepared by dividing into granules. A seed coated with the fertilizer according to any one of 1 to 3. 5. When mixing a seed unit with a fertilizer material as the outer coating layer, a mixture of a water-proof component and a fungicide component dispersed in a petroleum-based solvent is sprayed and mixed with water, and the fertilizer is used. The fertilizer-coated seed according to claim 4, wherein the seed unit is dispersed and mixed in a material, and the mixture is molded into granules to adjust the water content.