JPH08298862A - Mushroom cultivation bag for automation and cultivation of fungal bed - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: To provide both a mushroom cultivation bag capable of withstanding the sterilization at high temperatures for a long time after filling a culture medium in the cultivation bag, pressing and forming the filled bag while sealing the bag mouth without bursting the bag and a method for cultivating the mushroom. CONSTITUTION: This mushroom cultivation bag is obtained by providing a steam release hole capable of releasing the steam without passing thereof through a filter member 5 in sterilization and readily sealable after completing the sterilization other than the filter member below a site of a hermetically sealed bag mouth above a site filled with sawdust in the mushroom cultivation bag prepared by boring a hole above a site to be filled with sawdust of the bag made of a plastic used for fungal bed cultivation of the mushroom and covering the outer periphery of the bored hole with the filter member 5 capable of passing air therethrough and cutting off the passage of various germs. Furthermore, the resultant cultivation bag is used and the interior thereof is filled with a culture medium consisting essentially of sawdust. The bag mouth is then sealed with one or more bag mouth fusing lines 11 and 12 with at least one or more sites left unfused. Thereby, the whole steps for opening of the bag for cultivating the mushroom, filling of the culture medium, sterilization, inoculation and hermetic sealing of the bag mouth can be automated.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to an opening of a bag for mushroom cultivation,
The present invention relates to an automated mushroom cultivating bag and a method for cultivating a fungus bed, which can automate all steps of filling a medium, sterilizing, inoculating and sealing the bag mouth.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, in the fungal bed cultivation of mushrooms such as Maitake mushrooms and Shiitake mushrooms, a culture medium has been used which contains sawdust as a main component and is mixed with a nutrient source such as bran to adjust the water content.
This culture medium is filled in a plastic bag provided with a filter member that passes air and blocks various bacteria, and after completely sterilized, let it cool, inoculate the seed bacteria and seal the bag mouth, and grow mushrooms. I was offering. These methods are the first to succeed in cultivating Maitake mushrooms for the first time, and are preferred methods that can cultivate Shiitake mushrooms with sawdust in the current situation where hardwoods of moderate thickness tend to be insufficient, but more Is required to improve work efficiency.

Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication (Kokai) No. 4-71422 discloses an automatic sawdust filling machine, a process of filling a plastic bag with sawdust, pressing the filled sawdust to make it solid, and adjusting the shape of the bag, a plurality of sawdust layers. A technique for automating the step of forming a deep hole in the above is disclosed, and this technique is preferably put to practical use in large-scale production. Furthermore, JP-A-6-9062
No. 0 gazette discloses that a liquid in which an inoculum of mushrooms is suspended by an injection needle is directly injected into a culture medium sterilized by fusing a bag mouth before sterilization, and a molten plastic is injected into a resulting needle hole. There is disclosed a technique for closing the needle hole by doing so.

[0004]

However, although the technique disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 4-71422 has been implemented, no technique has been developed yet for the step of sterilizing while keeping the bag mouth closed. . JP-A-6-9062
If the technique of Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 0 can be put to practical use in the process of sterilizing while keeping the bag mouth closed, all the processes can be automated in combination with the technique of Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 4-71422.

If sterilization is performed with the bag mouth sealed, steam is also violently discharged from the filter member, but since it passes through the filter member, the discharging efficiency is poor and the bag is broken. For sealing the bag mouth, a method of providing a non-fusion-bonded portion has been proposed, but sealing the non-fusion-bonded portion after sterilization is against the efficiency of work. If the unfused part is too wide, it may be contaminated with various bacteria during the culture, and if it is too narrow, the release of water vapor was insufficient. Further, a method of providing two or more bag mouth fusion lines has also been proposed, but the distance between two or more bag mouth fusion lines and the width, number and positional relationship of non-fused portions are complicated and still not in practical use. It has not been converted. Therefore, fill the culture bag in the cultivation bag, press,
After molding, seal the bag mouth without breaking the bag 125
There has been a demand for a mushroom cultivation bag that can withstand sterilization at 3 ° C for 3 to 5 hours and a method for cultivating mushroom beds using the same.

[0006]

The present invention is intended to solve the above-mentioned problems, and its construction is such that a perforation is provided above a portion of a plastic bag used for mushroom bed cultivation of mushrooms to be filled with sawdust, and air is supplied. In the cultivation bag that has passed through and covered the outer periphery of the perforation with a filter member that blocks the passage of various bacteria, below the bag mouth sealing site, above the sawdust filling site, in addition to the filter member, pass through the filter member during sterilization It is characterized by providing water vapor release holes that can release water vapor without having to do so and can be easily blocked after sterilization is complete.
The cultivation bag is filled with a culture medium containing sawdust as a main component, and then the bag mouth is sealed with one or more bag mouth fusion lines which remain at least at one position without being fused. And

As the plastic bag used in the present invention, a polyolefin plastic film such as polypropylene or polyethylene is mainly used. In particular, polypropylene bags having a thickness of 45 to 55 μm are widely used. The shape of the bag is not limited, but the bag in which the gusset folds are provided at both ends of the tubular film is excellent in that it is easy to handle since the culture medium becomes a rectangular parallelepiped when filled with the culture medium. On the other hand, it is also possible to use an automatic bag-making method in which the steps of vertical fusion, filling, and horizontal fusion are sequentially repeated while supplying a film. The cultivating bag obtained by this method is a so-called three-sided seal type with a vertical fusion-bonded part on the side or a so-called pillow type with a vertical fusion-bonded part on the central part. Other,
Any of a four-sided seal type bag, a bag having a gusset on the bottom or the side, and the like can be used in the present invention.

The bag used for cultivation of fungal beds is provided with one or more perforations above the site where sawdust is to be filled and below the mouth of the bag to be closed during the culture, and the perforations allow air to pass but prevent miscellaneous bacteria from passing therethrough. The filter member is covered, and the periphery of the perforation and the filter member are fused. That is, during the culture, air is supplied only from this filter member, so that there is no risk of invading bacteria, and the culture medium is not contaminated, and reliable harvesting is guaranteed.

A feature of the present invention is that the steam is released to the site other than the filter member, which is the only vent, even if the bag mouth is closed during the sterilization process, the generated steam can be released without breaking the bag. It is characterized by the provision of holes. In the sterilization process, water vapor is violently released from the filter member, but the filter member alone is insufficient, and if there are no other water vapor release holes, the bag will break. If the water vapor releasing hole is open even during culturing, it will cause invasion of various bacteria, and therefore it is necessary that the water vapor releasing hole can be quickly blocked after the sterilization step is completed.

As means for blocking, there is a method of simultaneously closing the holes of the injection needle, which will be described later, when inoculating the inoculum with the injection of molten plastic. In this case, the water vapor discharge holes are completely sealed. Furthermore, there are a method of applying a sterilized adhesive tape, a method of applying a film-forming paint, and the like. The blockade in the present invention does not refer only to complete sealing. Even if it is left open, other film members are covered from above during the culture, and if the lower side or the side is open, the bacteria will not enter unless the opening is too large. In such a case, it is not necessary to seal and it is left as it is, but the blockade is a concept including a state in which miscellaneous bacteria do not enter even though it is opened in this way. Generally, since the bacteria themselves are in a contaminating form in which they do not have the ability to move and fall down from above, sideways or downward openings, particularly downward openings are preferable.

As a concrete method of blocking, for example,
In the past, the perimeter of the perforation was completely surrounded and fused with the filter member, but the side of the perimeter of the perforation, preferably the lower side, is 5 mm to 2 cm, preferably 7 mm to 1.5 c.
m Not fused but left as steam release holes. Further, the end portion of the fusion line may be extended downward or sideways in parallel to the end of the filter member or halfway in parallel to be fused. Alternatively, the fusion lines may not be parallel but may spread toward the end of the filter member. In this case,
The water vapor discharge hole has a sufficient size to positively discharge water vapor, and since it is opened at the end of the filter member, it can be easily blocked later. In particular, when the water vapor discharge hole is present below, it is a downward hole even if it is left as it is, so that invasion of various bacteria can be prevented.

Further, the water vapor discharge holes may be provided at the portion where the filter member does not exist. 2 to 20 in this case
A slit of mm, preferably 5 to 15 mm can be provided at one place or at two or more places. The slit is vertical,
It may be horizontal or diagonal. The "x" -shaped water vapor discharge hole formed by intersecting two or more slits discharges water vapor more efficiently even if the slits have the same length. Alternatively, it is also possible to provide a water vapor discharge hole composed of a small through hole in a portion where the filter member does not exist. This through hole needs to be small because the film is missing, and the diameter is 2 to 7 mm, preferably 3 to 5 mm.
It is necessary to seal these slits and through holes so that they will be in a completely sealed state after sterilization is completed.

Further, the filter member sized to cover the perforations is extended in one direction, preferably only in the lower direction. One or more small through-holes are provided in a portion which is covered with this long extending filter member and which does not come into contact with the fused portion of the perforation. Since the filter member covers the through hole from above, the through hole does not necessarily need to be sealed after the sterilization is completed, but is in a closed state. In a more preferable method, when the side of the filter member covering from above the through hole is fused with the film of the bag body, there is no hindrance to the release of water vapor from the water vapor release hole and it is less likely to be contaminated by various bacteria. The fused parts on both sides are narrow at the top and wide at the bottom.
The letter-like shape is preferable, and when the upper ends of the fusion-bonded portions on both sides are continuous with the fusion-bonding line surrounding the perforations, contamination by various bacteria during the culture is effectively prevented. On the other hand, when the upper ends of the fusion-bonded portions on both sides are not continuous with the fusion-bonding line surrounding the perforation, the steam is efficiently released.

Although the term "fusion" is used in the above description, this is a term used mainly because fusion is performed, and the portion described as "fusion" is bonded with a heat-resistant adhesive. You can also do it.

When the culture bag is filled with the culture medium, the culture medium is filled and pressed to a predetermined height below the filter member and the water vapor discharge hole, and the bag mouth is fused using a horizontal sealer to fuse the bag mouth fusion line. To form. In this bag mouth fusion line, at least one unfused portion which is not fused is left. The length of the non-fused portion is 3 to 15 mm, preferably 4 to 12 mm. It is preferable to provide two or more bag mouth fusion lines. In this case, 5 mm to 3 c between the bag mouth fusion line and the bag mouth fusion line
A gap of m, preferably 8 mm to 2.5 cm is provided. Further, it is preferable that the non-fusing portions of the bag mouth fusion lines that are adjacent to each other are located at a distance.

The steam generated during the sterilization is also discharged from the steam discharge holes provided in the bag, but is also discharged from the non-fused portion of the bag mouth fusion portion, and there are two or more bag mouth fusion portions. In the case, the non-fusion portion of the outer bag mouth fusion line passes through the passage between the two bag mouth fusion lines, reaches the non-fusion portion of the next bag mouth fusion line, and is discharged. It Therefore, when sterilization is performed at a high internal pressure, water vapor is released from the non-fused part and the passage between the two bag mouth fusion lines, but when the internal pressure decreases, the narrow passage is closed and the force to open it is not working. . Although various bacteria pour down from above, even if they pass through one unfused portion, they cannot pass through the passage extending in the lateral direction, and the contamination by various bacteria can be prevented as it is. Even if there is only one bag mouth fusion line, the bag mouth is bent downward due to gravity during culturing, so there is no risk of miscellaneous bacteria entering from the non-fusion area.

[0017]

According to the present invention, which uses a cultivation bag having water vapor discharge holes in advance, it becomes unnecessary to sterilize the bag mouth while the bag mouth is fused and close the bag mouth after sterilization. Therefore, by incorporating the present invention into the conventional automated process of filling the culture medium and pressing, further inoculating the liquid in which the fungus is suspended with a syringe and injecting the molten plastic into the needle hole generated by the inoculation. By using the technology to close the cells, it is possible to automate the whole process of filling, pressing, punching, closing the bag mouth, sterilizing, inoculating bacteria, sealing water vapor releasing holes, and culturing from bag making, and the efficiency of mushroom cultivation is significantly improved. Improved.

[0018]

FIG. 1 is a plan view of one embodiment of the present invention, FIGS. 2 and 3 are plan views of another embodiment of water vapor discharge holes, and FIG. 4 is one embodiment of the bag mouth fusion method of the present invention. FIG. 5 is a perspective view in which mushrooms are cultured by the method of the present invention using the cultivation bag of the present invention.

1 and a cultivating bag, 5 in this embodiment
A 40 cm long cultivation bag in which a 6 cm gusset fold was provided on both sides of a tubular polypropylene film having a thickness of 0 μm and a circumference of 64 cm, and the bag bottom was fused. 2 is a gusset folding line, which is indicated by a broken line. 3 is a bottom fusion bonding part. 4 is a perforation, 5 is a filter member which covers the perforations 4, and 6 is a fusion line for fusing the filter member to the film. On both sides of the filter member, a water vapor discharge hole 7 having an "X" shape with slits having a length of 5 mm crossed was provided. A filter member obtained by reinforcing a thin polypropylene microporous membrane with a polypropylene non-woven fabric was also used.

As the water vapor discharge hole 7, there are other simple slits and minute perforations. However, the water vapor discharge hole in the shape of "X" has a high steam discharge efficiency, and after sterilization, it has a triangular shape until it is completely sealed. Since four pieces of film cut into a shape are present, there is no risk of contamination between them, which is a preferable method. These water vapor emission holes are also inoculated at the same time when the needle holes are closed by injecting molten plastic after inoculating the bacteria with a syringe.

FIG. 2 shows another embodiment of the water vapor discharge hole,
When the filter member covering the perforations was fused to the film, it was fused leaving an opening 8 of about 1 cm. The opening 8 was below the bag. Although the object of the present invention can be achieved even in this state, in this embodiment, the fusion bonding line 6 is further extended in parallel and extended to the end of the filter member. Reference numeral 9 is an induction fusion bonding line. 2 of the tip of the induction welding line 9 in FIG.
It is also possible to spray molten plastic after inoculation on the site surrounded by the dotted line to seal it. In some cases, it is not contaminated by various bacteria even if it is left as it is.

FIG. 3 shows another embodiment of the water vapor discharge hole,
The fusing line 6 completely surrounds the perforations 4 to fuse the filter member 5 to the film, but two vapor discharge holes 7 having a diameter of 5 mm were formed below the fusing line 6. Further, the length of the filter member 5 is extended downward so that the water vapor discharge hole 7 can be surely covered. Even if the water vapor releasing hole 7 is cultured without sealing as it is, the filter member is present on the water vapor releasing hole 7, so that it is difficult for invading bacteria to enter, and the object of the present invention can be achieved. As a more preferable method, the pollution preventing fusion bonding line 10 is provided outside the water vapor discharge hole 7 in a "H" shape. This steam release hole protection fusion splicing line 10 eliminates the possibility of contamination with various bacteria during culturing even after sterilization without requiring any means for blocking the steam release holes 7.

FIG. 4 shows a state in which the bag is sealed after the culture bag is filled with the cultivation bag of FIG. First bag mouth fusion line 12
Was fused at both ends, and non-fused portions 13 having a length of 1 cm were provided at both ends of the gusset-free portion. A second bag mouth fusion line 12 was provided on the bag mouth side at a distance of 2 cm from the first bag mouth fusion line. The non-fusing portion 13 is provided in the second bag mouth fusion line at the central portion of the two non-fusion portions 13 of the first bag mouth fusion line 11. When the culture medium is heated, water vapor is released as shown by the arrow in FIG. When the heating is completed, the non-fused portion 13 and the passage 14 between the first bag mouth fusion line 11 and the second bag mouth fusion line 12 are formed due to the moisture condensed by the water vapor and the smoothness of the film itself. It was blocked. Further, during the culturing, the film mouth was bent by its own weight to prevent contamination from the non-fused part.

In the present embodiment, the non-fusing portion 13 is provided at the portion where the gusset is not folded, but it may be provided at the portion where the gusset is folded. Furthermore, a cultivating bag without gusset folding can also be used. Further, even in the case of a cultivation bag in which the vertical fusion-bonded portion is present, it is preferable to provide the non-fusion-bonded portion while avoiding the vertical fusion-bonded portion, but the vertical fusion-bonded portion and the non-fusion-bonded portion are overlapped with each other. The effect of the invention can be obtained.

FIG. 5 shows a perspective view of the cultivation bag in a state where the inoculation is completed after the sterilization is completed. 15 is a culture medium, 16
Is a ventilation hole for increasing the air permeability of the culture medium and accelerating the spread of mycelium, and a deep hole of about 2/3 of the depth of the culture medium was provided. Reference numeral 17 is a cooled molten plastic, and hot-melt type molten plastic was sprayed to close the needle hole after inoculation with an injection needle. At this time, the molten plastic was also injected into the two water vapor emission holes 7 provided obliquely below and outside the filter member 5 to seal the water vapor emission holes 7. Reference numeral 18 is a plastic that seals the water vapor discharge hole 7.

Regarding shiitake mushrooms and maitake mushrooms, as a result of culturing by a conventional method, the culturing bag automatically filled, sealed, sterilized and inoculated by the above-mentioned method, the shiitake mushrooms and maitake mushrooms that are comparable to the conventional method are harvested. I was able to. Further, the labor and time required for folding the bag mouth can be greatly reduced.

[0027]

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY According to the present invention, it is possible to automate the whole process of mushroom cultivation in combination with the conventional automation technology and inoculation technology using a syringe, and the working efficiency of mushroom cultivation is significantly improved.
Further, since it is not necessary to fold the bag mouth intricately, the length of the cultivation bag can be shortened while having the same culture medium capacity.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a plan view of an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a plan view of another embodiment of the water vapor discharge hole.

FIG. 3 is a plan view of another embodiment of the water vapor discharge hole.

FIG. 4 is an explanatory view of one embodiment of the bag mouth fusion bonding method of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a perspective view in which mushrooms are cultured by the method of the present invention using the cultivation bag of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Cultivation bag 2 Gusset folding line 3 Bottom fusion part 4 Perforation 5 Filter member 6 Fusion line 7 Water vapor discharge hole 8 Opening 9 Induction fusion line 10 Water vapor release hole protection fusion line 11 First bag mouth fusion line 12 Second bag mouth fusion line 13 Non-fusing part 14 Passage 15 Culture medium 16 Vent hole 17 Cooled molten plastic 18 Plastic with water vapor release hole sealed

Claims (8)

[Claims] 1. A perforation of a plastic bag used for mushroom bed cultivation of mushrooms is provided above the portion to be filled with sawdust, and the outer periphery of the perforation is covered with a filter member that allows air to pass and blocks the passage of various bacteria. In the cultivated bag, below the bag mouth sealing site, above the sawdust filling site, in addition to the filter member, steam is released without passing through the filter member during sterilization, and can be easily blocked after the sterilization is completed. A mushroom cultivation bag for automation characterized by having water vapor discharge holes. 2. The automation according to claim 1, wherein the water vapor emission hole is a water vapor emission hole in which a part of the fusion-bonded portion on the outer periphery of the perforation is opened without fusion or adhesion with the bag member. Cultivation bag for mushrooms. 3. The fusion line extends from each end of the fusion line in which a part of the fusion zone on the outer periphery of the perforation is opened without fusion with the bag member, toward the edge of the filter member. The bag for cultivating mushrooms for automation according to claim 2, which is extended. 4. The cultivation bag for an automated mushroom according to claim 1, wherein the water vapor discharge holes are slits provided in the film material and having a length of 2 to 8 mm. 5. The cultivation bag for mushrooms for automation according to claim 1, wherein the water vapor emission hole is a water vapor emission hole formed by intersecting at least two slits provided in the film material. 6. The cultivation bag for automation mushrooms according to claim 1, wherein the water vapor discharge holes are minute through holes in which at least one film provided in the film material is missing. 7. A filter member, wherein the water vapor discharge hole is covered with a filter member, and the outer periphery is provided below a perforation fused with the filter member, and at least the lower end of the filter member is not fused on the water vapor discharge hole. The cultivation bag for automation mushrooms according to claim 1, wherein the water vapor discharge holes are present. 8. A perforation of a plastic bag used for fungal bed cultivation of mushrooms is provided above a portion of the plastic bag to be filled with sawdust, and the outer periphery of the perforation is covered with a filter member that allows air to pass therethrough and blocks passage of various bacteria. In the cultivated bag, below the bag mouth sealing portion, above the sawdust filling portion, steam is released without passing through the filter member other than the filter member during sterilization, and steam that can be easily blocked after sterilization is completed. Using the mushroom fungus bed cultivation bag for automation with a discharge hole,
A method for cultivating mushrooms, characterized in that the inside of the bag is filled with a culture medium containing sawdust as a main component, and then the bag mouth is sealed with at least one bag mouth fusion line left unfused.