JPH08242771A - Japanese style confection and its production - Google Patents
Japanese style confection and its productionInfo
- Publication number
- JPH08242771A JPH08242771A JP7079444A JP7944495A JPH08242771A JP H08242771 A JPH08242771 A JP H08242771A JP 7079444 A JP7079444 A JP 7079444A JP 7944495 A JP7944495 A JP 7944495A JP H08242771 A JPH08242771 A JP H08242771A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- whey protein
- sodium
- salt
- heat
- protein
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 235000009508 confectionery Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 66
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 16
- 108010046377 Whey Proteins Proteins 0.000 claims abstract description 90
- 235000021119 whey protein Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 89
- 102000007544 Whey Proteins Human genes 0.000 claims abstract description 88
- 235000002639 sodium chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium chloride Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Cl-].[Cl-] TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- MKJXYGKVIBWPFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium lactate Chemical compound [Ca+2].CC(O)C([O-])=O.CC(O)C([O-])=O MKJXYGKVIBWPFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000001527 calcium lactate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 235000011086 calcium lactate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229960002401 calcium lactate Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 235000011148 calcium chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910001629 magnesium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 235000011147 magnesium chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- PPASLZSBLFJQEF-RKJRWTFHSA-M sodium ascorbate Substances [Na+].OC[C@@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1[O-] PPASLZSBLFJQEF-RKJRWTFHSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 235000010378 sodium ascorbate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229960005055 sodium ascorbate Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- PPASLZSBLFJQEF-RXSVEWSESA-M sodium-L-ascorbate Chemical compound [Na+].OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1[O-] PPASLZSBLFJQEF-RXSVEWSESA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 235000018102 proteins Nutrition 0.000 claims description 31
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 claims description 31
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 claims description 31
- 235000010627 Phaseolus vulgaris Nutrition 0.000 claims description 21
- 244000046052 Phaseolus vulgaris Species 0.000 claims description 21
- HELHAJAZNSDZJO-OLXYHTOASA-L sodium L-tartrate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C([O-])=O HELHAJAZNSDZJO-OLXYHTOASA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001509 sodium citrate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- NLJMYIDDQXHKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-K sodium citrate Chemical compound O.O.[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O NLJMYIDDQXHKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 3
- FQENQNTWSFEDLI-UHFFFAOYSA-J sodium diphosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O FQENQNTWSFEDLI-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019830 sodium polyphosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001433 sodium tartrate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960002167 sodium tartrate Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000011004 sodium tartrates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisodium phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 3
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bicarbonate Chemical compound OC([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims 1
- 159000000007 calcium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 159000000003 magnesium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- XAEFZNCEHLXOMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium benzoate Chemical group [K+].[O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 XAEFZNCEHLXOMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 abstract description 19
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 abstract description 14
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 235000020429 malt syrup Nutrition 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 25
- 206010016807 Fluid retention Diseases 0.000 description 18
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 17
- 229920001817 Agar Polymers 0.000 description 12
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 11
- 239000008272 agar Substances 0.000 description 11
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 11
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 10
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 9
- 239000012460 protein solution Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 239000003349 gelling agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000003505 heat denaturation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 244000046146 Pueraria lobata Species 0.000 description 4
- 235000010575 Pueraria lobata Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 238000001879 gelation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 3
- -1 and as a result Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000004925 denaturation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000036425 denaturation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001694 spray drying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 108010010803 Gelatin Proteins 0.000 description 2
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 2
- OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium sulfate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000013312 flour Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000004108 freeze drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000008273 gelatin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000159 gelatin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 235000019322 gelatine Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000011852 gelatine desserts Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 102000034238 globular proteins Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108091005896 globular proteins Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910017053 inorganic salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000002427 irreversible effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002075 main ingredient Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001953 sensory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- FWEOQOXTVHGIFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 8-anilinonaphthalene-1-sulfonic acid Chemical compound C=12C(S(=O)(=O)O)=CC=CC2=CC=CC=1NC1=CC=CC=C1 FWEOQOXTVHGIFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 244000066764 Ailanthus triphysa Species 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 244000068988 Glycine max Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000010469 Glycine max Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920002907 Guar gum Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 102000004407 Lactalbumin Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000942 Lactalbumin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000008192 Lactoglobulins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010060630 Lactoglobulins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000004472 Lysine Substances 0.000 description 1
- KDXKERNSBIXSRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lysine Natural products NCCCCC(N)C(O)=O KDXKERNSBIXSRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IMSOBGJSYSFTKG-PKPIPKONSA-N Lysinoalanine Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CCCCNCC(N)C(O)=O IMSOBGJSYSFTKG-PKPIPKONSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 244000100170 Phaseolus lunatus Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000010617 Phaseolus lunatus Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000021307 Triticum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000098338 Triticum aestivum Species 0.000 description 1
- 240000001417 Vigna umbellata Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000011453 Vigna umbellata Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000005862 Whey Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001464 adherent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019658 bitter taste Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960005069 calcium Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011132 calcium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000013351 cheese Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000011850 desserts Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000002036 drum drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 244000013123 dwarf bean Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000003797 essential amino acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020776 essential amino acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000796 flavoring agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019634 flavors Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000007850 fluorescent dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000021331 green beans Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000665 guar gum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960002154 guar gum Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000010417 guar gum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000005457 ice water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052943 magnesium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019341 magnesium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000013372 meat Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000013336 milk Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008267 milk Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004080 milk Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000403 monosodium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019799 monosodium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000020477 pH reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960002816 potassium chloride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium sulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052939 potassium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011151 potassium sulphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019643 salty taste Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960002668 sodium chloride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000011083 sodium citrates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- AJPJDKMHJJGVTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].OP(O)([O-])=O AJPJDKMHJJGVTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000108 ultra-filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000021241 α-lactalbumin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Dairy Products (AREA)
- Confectionery (AREA)
- Beans For Foods Or Fodder (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【0001】[0001]
【産業上の利用分野】本発明は、保水性と安定性が改良
された、餡を主成分とする和菓子及びその製造方法に関
する。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a Japanese confectionery containing bean paste as a main component, which has improved water retention and stability, and a method for producing the same.
【0002】[0002]
【従来の技術】和菓子は、非常にその種類が多い食品で
ある。そのなかでも小豆やいんげんなどから調製された
餡を主原料とする生菓子類は、代表的な日本の菓子であ
る。このような生菓子としては、例えば練り物として総
称される菓子類がある。これは加糖生餡に白玉粉や求肥
などを加え、火にかけて良く練った練り切り、寒天を加
え、加熱して良く練り、型につめた練り羊羹や水羊羹、
あるいは加糖餡に澱粉を加えて練ったクズ練りなどが挙
げられる。これらの生菓子はいずれも餡に粘性を付与す
るために白玉粉、澱粉あるいは寒天を加え、これらのゲ
ル化作用によってその組織や形状を保つものである。特
に水羊羹などは寒天のゲル化作用を最大限利用した菓子
であり独特の清涼感を特徴とする菓子である。これらの
練り物はいずれも砂糖を大量に使用し、砂糖の保水性に
よって製品の安定性や保存性を維持している。例えば、
練り羊羹は水分量は約26%であって、生菓子の中で特
に水分が少ないわけではないが、砂糖が水分を抱えこん
だ状態になっており、このため水分活性が低下し保存性
が良くなり、また保水性が向上する。近年になり寒天に
代わり、一部にグアガムやゼラチンなどのゲル化能を有
する添加物を使用する試みがなされている。特開昭60
─94061号公報にはゲル化剤としてゼラチンを用い
て層状の和菓子を製造する方法が開示されており、また
特開平4−27175号公報にはエステル化や架橋化さ
れた澱粉を使用する技術が開示されている。これらの技
術はいわゆる練り物と称する餡を主成分とする和菓子に
おいて共通に使用できるものではなく、また調製された
和菓子の保水性や保存安定性を改良する効果を有するも
のでない。また生菓子はゲル化を目的として使用する澱
粉、葛粉、白玉粉、寒天等のゲル化剤の種類と品質によ
って、その特性に大きな差があり、製品の均質性を保つ
ためには、職人的勘が必要であり、作業の標準化が困難
である。さらにゲル化剤の種類や使用量によって、生菓
子類の保水性や安定性に大きな違いが生じてくる。特に
近年は、甘味を抑えた菓子類が求められるようになり、
従来の伝統的な製法に代えて、砂糖の使用量を極端に抑
えることが一般的になってきた。このため、従来の職人
的勘に頼ることができない場合も想定される。2. Description of the Related Art Japanese confectionery is a food of a great variety. Among them, fresh confectionery whose main ingredient is bean paste prepared from red beans and green beans is a typical Japanese confectionery. Examples of such raw confectionery include confectionery collectively referred to as a paste. This is a mixture of raw sweetened bean paste, shiratama powder, fertilizer, etc., kneaded with heat and kneaded well, then added agar, kneaded with heat and kneaded well, and kneaded yokan or water yokan in a mold,
Alternatively, a kudzu paste prepared by adding starch to a sweetened bean paste may be used. In each of these raw confectionery, white ball powder, starch or agar is added in order to impart viscosity to the bean jam, and their texture and shape are maintained by their gelation action. In particular, Mizuyokan is a confection that makes the best use of the gelling action of agar and is characterized by a unique refreshing feeling. All of these pastes use a large amount of sugar, and the water retention of the sugar maintains the stability and storability of the product. For example,
The moisture content of kneaded yokan is about 26%, which is not particularly low in fresh confectionery, but the sugar is in a state of holding the moisture, which reduces the water activity and improves storage stability. And the water retention is improved. In recent years, it has been attempted to partially use additives having a gelling ability such as guar gum and gelatin instead of agar. JP-A-60
Japanese Patent No. 94061 discloses a method for producing a layered Japanese confectionery using gelatin as a gelling agent, and Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 4-27175 discloses a technique of using esterified or crosslinked starch. It is disclosed. These techniques cannot be commonly used in Japanese sweets containing soybean paste as a main component, which is a so-called paste, and they do not have the effect of improving water retention and storage stability of the prepared Japanese sweets. In addition, the characteristics of raw confectionery vary greatly depending on the type and quality of the gelling agent used for gelling, such as starch, kudzu powder, shiratama powder, and agar. It is necessary and it is difficult to standardize the work. Furthermore, depending on the type and amount of gelling agent used, there is a large difference in the water retention and stability of raw confectionery. Especially in recent years, sweets with reduced sweetness have been demanded,
It has become common to control sugar usage to an extremely low level, replacing traditional traditional methods. For this reason, it may be possible to rely on conventional craftsmanship.
【0003】[0003]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】本発明者らは、ホエー
蛋白質の特性について検討を行った結果、ホエー蛋白質
は通常は球状の蛋白質であるが、部分加熱変性操作を行
うと、蛋白質分子が鎖状に連結した可溶性の凝集体を形
成し、さらにこの可溶性凝集体に塩を添加すると不溶性
のゲル化物を形成することを見いだした。この可溶性の
凝集体を効率良く調製するためには、ホエー蛋白質の水
溶液を加熱処理してもゲル化しないような濃度に調整
し、55〜120℃の温度で、60分以下の時間、加熱
処理を行うと良いことを見いだした。またこの可溶性凝
集体は、噴霧乾燥や凍結乾燥処理を行うことで粉末化す
ることができ、さらにこの粉末を水に溶解することによ
り、可溶性凝集体の状態に戻ることを見いだした。この
可溶性凝集体は、凍結操作や塩によって不可逆的なゲル
を形成するために、食肉加工やデザート類の製造原料と
して有用であることを見いだしすでに特許出願を行って
いる(特願平4─11234号)。本発明者らはこのよ
うな知見に基づいてさらに研究を行ったところ、上記の
可溶性凝集体は、上記に示したような加糖餡を主成分と
する和菓子において保水性と安定性とが改良され、さら
に保存安定性を大幅に向上させることができることを見
出した。The present inventors have studied the characteristics of whey protein, and as a result, whey protein is usually a globular protein. It has been found that soluble aggregates formed in a chain form are formed, and when a salt is added to the soluble aggregates, an insoluble gelation product is formed. In order to efficiently prepare this soluble aggregate, the concentration of an aqueous solution of whey protein is adjusted so as not to gel even when heat-treated, and the heat treatment is performed at a temperature of 55 to 120 ° C. for a time of 60 minutes or less. I found good things to do. It was also found that the soluble aggregate can be pulverized by spray-drying or freeze-drying treatment, and by dissolving the powder in water, the soluble aggregate is restored. This soluble aggregate was found to be useful as a raw material for meat processing and desserts because it forms an irreversible gel by freezing or salt, and has already applied for a patent (Japanese Patent Application No. 4-11234). issue). The present inventors have conducted further research based on such findings, and the above-mentioned soluble aggregates have improved water retention and stability in Japanese sweets containing sweetened bean paste as a main component as shown above. Furthermore, they have found that the storage stability can be significantly improved.
【0004】本発明は、上記のような知見に基づいて成
されたもので、部分加熱変性したホエー蛋白質と1価ま
たは2価の塩類を配合し、部分加熱変性ホエー蛋白質を
ゲル化させることによって得られる、保水性及び安定性
が改良された、餡を主成分とする和菓子を提供すること
を目的とする。なお、本発明においては、餡を主成分と
する練り物と称される菓子類を、以下和菓子の用語で使
用する。これらの和菓子は、練りきり類、練り羊羹類、
水羊羹類、蒸し羊羹類等を包含する。さらにまた、本発
明は、餡を主成分とする和菓子原料は、部分加熱変性ホ
エー蛋白質を1.0重量%以上と、1価または2価の食
品衛生上無害な塩類をホエー蛋白質に対して0.05重
量%以上とを含有させて部分加熱変性ホエー蛋白質をゲ
ル化させ、それによって、保水性と安定性の改良された
和菓子を得る和菓子の製造方法を提供することをも課題
とする。The present invention was made on the basis of the above-mentioned findings. By mixing a partially heat-denatured whey protein and a monovalent or divalent salt, the partially heat-denatured whey protein is gelled. It is an object of the present invention to provide a Japanese confectionery containing bean paste as a main component, which has improved water retention and stability. In addition, in the present invention, confectionery containing paste as a main component and referred to as a paste is used in the following term of Japanese confectionery. These Japanese sweets are kneaded paste, kneaded yokan,
Including water yokan and steamed yokan. Furthermore, in the present invention, the raw material for sweets containing bean paste as the main component is a partially heat-denatured whey protein content of 1.0% by weight or more and a monovalent or divalent salt which is harmless to food hygiene to 0% whey protein. It is another object of the present invention to provide a method for producing a Japanese confectionery containing 0.05% by weight or more of the partially heat-denatured whey protein to gel, thereby obtaining a Japanese confectionery having improved water retention and stability.
【0005】[0005]
【課題を解決するための手段】本発明は、上述したよう
にホエー蛋白質の熱変性温度より高い温度で加熱した
時、加熱凝固しない濃度に調製したホエー蛋白質水溶液
を、前記蛋白質の熱変性温度で加熱して得られる、ホエ
ー蛋白質の部分加熱変性物と1価または2価の無害な塩
とを加糖餡を主成分とする和菓子の製造に用いるもので
ある。ホエー蛋白質水溶液は、通常、その蛋白質濃度を
15%以上とした場合、加熱により凝固し、脆いゲルを
形成することが知られている。加熱によって、このよう
なゲルを形成しないように、蛋白質濃度を15%以下の
濃度、好ましくは10%以下、特に好ましくは8〜10
%以下の濃度に調整した水溶液を55℃以上120℃以
下、好ましくは65℃〜95℃の温度で加熱すると蛋白
質が部分変性し、球状蛋白質であるホエー蛋白質の分子
表面に疎水性の部分が出現してくる。このようにして調
製されたホエー蛋白質と1価または2価の塩を、餡を主
成分とする和菓子、特に練り物の製造に用いると、ホエ
ー蛋白質のゲル化の状態によって和菓子類の固さや食感
を自由に調整することができ、さらに従来の技術では困
難であった和菓子の保水性を改良し、保存安定性を付与
することが可能となる。このホエー蛋白質水溶液は塩類
イオンを添加したり、あるいは凍結により蛋白質分子の
周辺の塩類イオン濃度をあげることでゲル化することが
知られている。本発明は、このような蛋白質の特性が従
来の菓子製造において用いられている澱粉や寒天、白玉
粉等に代わり、保水性や安定性を維持することができる
ことを利用したものである。このホエー蛋白質水溶液
は、ホエー蛋白質の疎水性度によって特性が変わってく
るが、通常は、上記の濃度条件で、pH6〜9に調整し
て、5〜30分間加熱することで目的とする、ホエー蛋
白質が可溶性凝集体に変性した水溶液を得ることができ
る。この蛋白質水溶液の調製方法は特開平5─6455
0号公報に開示された方法に従って実施することができ
る。Means for Solving the Problems The present invention provides an aqueous whey protein solution prepared at a concentration that does not heat-coagulate when heated at a temperature higher than the heat denaturation temperature of whey protein as described above, at the heat denaturation temperature of the protein. A partially heated denatured product of whey protein obtained by heating and a harmless monovalent or divalent salt are used for the production of a Japanese confectionery containing sweetened bean paste as a main component. It is known that an aqueous whey protein solution usually solidifies by heating and forms a brittle gel when the protein concentration is 15% or more. In order not to form such a gel by heating, the protein concentration is 15% or less, preferably 10% or less, particularly preferably 8 to 10%.
When an aqueous solution adjusted to a concentration of less than or equal to 55% is heated at a temperature of 55 ° C or higher and 120 ° C or lower, preferably 65 ° C to 95 ° C, the protein is partially denatured and a hydrophobic portion appears on the molecular surface of whey protein, which is a globular protein. Come on. When the whey protein thus prepared and a monovalent or divalent salt are used for the production of Japanese sweets containing bean paste as a main component, especially kneaded products, the hardness and texture of the Japanese sweets may vary depending on the gelation state of the whey protein. Can be adjusted freely, and it becomes possible to improve the water retention of Japanese confectionery, which was difficult with the conventional techniques, and to impart storage stability. It is known that this whey protein aqueous solution is gelated by adding salt ions or increasing the concentration of salt ions around protein molecules by freezing. The present invention takes advantage of the fact that such protein properties can maintain water retention and stability in place of starch, agar, shiratama powder, etc. used in conventional confectionery production. The characteristics of this aqueous whey protein solution vary depending on the hydrophobicity of the whey protein. Normally, the whey protein is adjusted to pH 6 to 9 under the above-mentioned concentration conditions and heated for 5 to 30 minutes. An aqueous solution in which the protein is denatured into a soluble aggregate can be obtained. The method for preparing this aqueous protein solution is described in JP-A-5-6455.
It can be carried out according to the method disclosed in JP-A-0.
【0006】加熱により凝固しない蛋白質濃度でホエー
蛋白質溶液を加熱した場合、一定の変性状態が生じ、S
H/SS交換反応と同時に疎水性度も増加する。その結
果、蛋白質分子は互いに会合し可溶性の凝集体を形成す
る。この状態を可溶性凝集体と呼ぶ。本発明はこの可溶
性凝集体とこれをゲル化させる塩類を適宜組み合わせる
ことにより、和菓子、特に加糖餡を主成分とする練り物
の固さや粘性等の食感をに容易に調整でき、しかも和菓
子類の保存安定性を大幅に向上させることができるとこ
ろに、新規性と進歩性を有している。この可溶性凝集体
の段階ではゲルは生じないが、この可溶性凝集体を上記
のように凍結/解凍処理を行ったり(特開平3−280
834号公報、特開平3−277249号公報)、食塩
やカルシウム等との塩類を添加したり(特開平5−64
550号公報)、溶液を酸性化すること(特開平2−1
24067号公報)により、可溶性凝集体は三次元のネ
ットワーク構造を形成し、不可逆のゲルを生じる。こう
して得られたゲルの特徴として保水性が高く、しかも澱
粉の示すような老化は起こさない。また水分はゲル体に
保持されるため、保存性の向上に寄与するものと考えら
れる。When the whey protein solution is heated at a protein concentration that does not coagulate by heating, a certain denaturation state occurs and S
At the same time as the H / SS exchange reaction, the degree of hydrophobicity also increases. As a result, protein molecules associate with each other to form soluble aggregates. This state is called a soluble aggregate. The present invention can easily adjust the texture such as the hardness and the viscosity of Japanese confectionery, especially the paste containing sweetened bean paste as a main ingredient, by appropriately combining the soluble aggregates and salts for gelling the same, and It has novelty and inventive step where the storage stability can be greatly improved. No gel is formed at the stage of this soluble aggregate, but this soluble aggregate is subjected to freeze / thaw treatment as described above (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 3-280).
No. 834, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 3-277249), salts such as salt and calcium are added (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 5-64).
No. 550), acidifying the solution (JP-A 2-1)
24067), soluble aggregates form a three-dimensional network structure, resulting in an irreversible gel. The gel thus obtained is characterized by high water retention and does not undergo the aging that starch exhibits. Further, since water is retained in the gel body, it is considered that it contributes to the improvement of storage stability.
【0007】本発明の和菓子類の製造に使用するホエー
蛋白質の部分加熱変性物を得るためのホエー蛋白質水溶
液の加熱方法としては、ホエー蛋白質が加熱により変性
する55〜120℃で加熱することが好ましく、特に好
ましくは65℃〜95℃で加熱するのが好ましい。55
℃以下では蛋白質の変性が発生しない。加熱時間は、そ
の温度で1秒〜60分間保持することが好ましく、特に
好ましくは30〜60分間保持する。加熱時間が短いと
変性がおこらず、下記に定義するFI値が低くなり、ま
た高いと褐変化や有毒性のリジノアラニンが生成し好ま
しくない。またホエー蛋白質濃度としては、0.5〜1
5%であり、特に5〜10%のホエー蛋白質を含んだ溶
液であることが好ましい。このホエー蛋白質のpHは、6
〜9に調整することが好ましい。本発明に使用する部分
加熱変性ホエー蛋白質の加熱変性度は、疎水性度を測定
することで確認することができる。通常は下記に定義さ
れる疎水性度(FI/mg 蛋白質)で50以上であ
り、特に好ましくは100以上である。50/mg蛋白
質以上でないと、本発明の和菓子類の製造に使用するに
適したホエー蛋白質の部分加熱変性物を得ることができ
ない。As a method for heating the whey protein aqueous solution for obtaining a partially heated denatured product of whey protein used for the production of Japanese confectionery of the present invention, it is preferable to heat at 55 to 120 ° C. at which whey protein is denatured by heating. It is particularly preferable to heat at 65 ° C to 95 ° C. 55
Protein denaturation does not occur below ℃. The heating time is preferably maintained at that temperature for 1 second to 60 minutes, particularly preferably 30 to 60 minutes. If the heating time is short, denaturation does not occur and the FI value defined below becomes low, and if it is high, browning and toxic lysinoalanine are produced, which is not preferable. The whey protein concentration is 0.5 to 1
It is 5%, and particularly preferably a solution containing 5 to 10% whey protein. The pH of this whey protein is 6
It is preferable to adjust to -9. The degree of heat denaturation of the partially heat-denatured whey protein used in the present invention can be confirmed by measuring the degree of hydrophobicity. Usually, the hydrophobicity (FI / mg protein) defined below is 50 or more, and particularly preferably 100 or more. If it is not more than 50 / mg protein, a partially heated denatured product of whey protein suitable for use in the production of Japanese confectionery of the present invention cannot be obtained.
【0008】疎水性度:被検ホエー蛋白質水溶液を適正
濃度(0.1〜0.3g 蛋白質/L程度)に希釈し、
8mMの1─アニリノナフタレン─8─スルフォン酸を
蛍光プローブとして添加し、蛍光光度計にて励起波長3
70nm、発光波長470nmにて測定(蛍光量FI)
し、得られた値をホエー蛋白質(mg)当たりで示した
もの。この加熱変性度測定方法は、上記 特開平5─6
4550号公報に開示されている記述に従って実施する
ことができる。Hydrophobicity: An aqueous whey protein solution to be tested is diluted to an appropriate concentration (about 0.1 to 0.3 g protein / L),
8 mM 1-anilinonaphthalene-8-sulphonic acid was added as a fluorescent probe, and the excitation wavelength was 3 using a fluorometer.
Measured at 70 nm and emission wavelength of 470 nm (fluorescence amount FI)
The obtained values are shown per whey protein (mg). This heat denaturation measuring method is described in the above-mentioned JP-A-5-6.
It can be carried out according to the description disclosed in Japanese Patent No. 4550.
【0009】上記の方法で調製されたホエー蛋白質の部
分加熱変性物は、分析した場合、固形分あたり蛋白質約
30〜95%、灰分0.5〜10%を示すが、必要に応
じて、デンプンや小麦粉末で希釈することもできる。本
発明に用いられるホエー蛋白質水溶液またはその粉末を
調製するための原料としては、牛乳からチーズなどを製
造する過程で得られるホエーから精製されたホエー蛋白
質濃縮物(WPC)やホエー蛋白質分離物(WPI)等
を挙げることができる。特にWPIは精製度が高く、本
発明を実施する上で特に好ましいし、さらに風味的にも
望ましい。The partially heated denatured product of whey protein prepared by the above-mentioned method shows about 30 to 95% of protein and 0.5 to 10% of ash content in terms of solid content, but if necessary, starch can be used. It can also be diluted with wheat flour. As a raw material for preparing the whey protein aqueous solution or powder thereof used in the present invention, whey protein concentrate (WPC) or whey protein isolate (WPI) purified from whey obtained in the process of producing cheese or the like from milk. ) Etc. can be mentioned. In particular, WPI has a high degree of purification and is particularly preferable for carrying out the present invention, and is also desirable in terms of flavor.
【0010】本発明では、上記の部分加熱変性ホエー蛋
白質を含有する水溶液またはその乾燥粉末を単独で使用
するか、必要に応じて、通常和菓子類の保水性および安
定性を付与するために採用されるデンプンやゲル化剤等
と混合しても良い。本溶液またはその粉末を和菓子類の
製造に使用する場合、ホエー蛋白質に換算して原料あた
り1.0〜10重量%、特に好ましくは3〜6重量%、
さらに好ましくはは5重量%添加する。この場合、上述
したように、公知の従来のデンプンやゲル化剤等の添加
剤と併用しても良い。本発明の和菓子類の製造において
は、上記に述べたようにホエー蛋白質の水溶液を加熱処
理して得られた水溶液を直接使用しても良いし、乾燥粉
末としても良い。In the present invention, an aqueous solution containing the above partially-heated denatured whey protein or a dry powder thereof is used alone, or if necessary, it is usually used for imparting water retention and stability to Japanese sweets. It may be mixed with starch or gelling agent. When this solution or its powder is used for the production of Japanese confectionery, it is converted into whey protein in an amount of 1.0 to 10% by weight, particularly preferably 3 to 6% by weight, based on the raw material.
More preferably, 5% by weight is added. In this case, as described above, known additives such as starch and gelling agent may be used in combination. In the production of the Japanese confectionery of the present invention, the aqueous solution obtained by heating the aqueous solution of whey protein as described above may be used directly or may be a dry powder.
【0011】ホエー蛋白質の水溶液を加熱処理して得ら
れた水溶液は、乾燥処理により粉末化することができ
る。粉末化する方法には噴霧乾燥法、凍結乾燥法、ドラ
ム乾燥方法等を例示することができるが、いずれの方法
でも、本発明に使用する粉末化されたホエー蛋白質部分
加熱変性物を調製することができる。上記のように製造
されたホエー蛋白質部分加熱変性物は、通常のホエー蛋
白質とは明らかに異なった構造を呈していることが確認
された。即ち、通常は球状であるホエー蛋白質は部分加
熱変性により可溶性の線状凝集体を形成する。この線状
凝集体は上述した可溶性凝集体の別名であるが、球状の
ホエー蛋白質が加熱により部分的に変性し、数珠玉のよ
うに連なった形状をとる。これは、蛋白質の荷電による
静電的な反発力と、疎水性相互作用の引力との微妙なバ
ランスにより線状になっているものである。この状態に
おけるホエー蛋白質は疎水性度(FI)が高いため、p
H変化や塩類の作用を受けやすくなっている。例えば、
塩類による荷電の中和や、酸性pH(pH4以下)などが
あげられる。又、ホエー蛋白質を構成するβ−ラクトグ
ロブリンやα−ラクトアルブミン中の遊離の−SH基が
活性化するため、蛋白質相互が−SH基を介して結合し
やすくなる。さらに又、塩の添加、あるいは酸性化によ
り正の荷電が中和され、静電的な反発力が減少し、蛋白
質同士が会合しやすくなる。The aqueous solution obtained by heat-treating the aqueous solution of whey protein can be pulverized by a drying treatment. The powdering method can be exemplified by a spray drying method, a freeze drying method, a drum drying method and the like. In any method, the powdered whey protein partially heated denatured product used in the present invention can be prepared. You can It was confirmed that the partially heat-denatured product of whey protein produced as described above had a structure distinctly different from that of ordinary whey protein. That is, whey proteins, which are usually spherical, form soluble linear aggregates by partial heat denaturation. This linear aggregate is another name for the above-mentioned soluble aggregate, but the spherical whey protein is partially denatured by heating and has a continuous shape like beads. This is linear due to the delicate balance between the electrostatic repulsive force due to the charge of the protein and the attractive force of the hydrophobic interaction. Since the whey protein in this state has a high hydrophobicity (FI), p
It is more susceptible to H changes and the action of salts. For example,
Examples include neutralization of charges by salts and acidic pH (pH 4 or less). In addition, since free -SH groups in β-lactoglobulin and α-lactalbumin that compose whey proteins are activated, proteins are easily bound to each other via -SH groups. Furthermore, addition of salt or acidification neutralizes the positive charge, reduces electrostatic repulsion, and facilitates protein association.
【0012】そして、上記した理由から、本発明の和菓
子類の製造に使用する1価または2価の塩類との反応を
生じ、組織化され粘性が付与されるとともに、水分をゲ
ル形成に使用し、さらにゲル中に取り込むことによって
適度な粘性を付与し離水の少ない、保水性が高く保存安
定性の良い和菓子類を得ることができる。本発明により
調製された和菓子類は、ホエー蛋白質を含有することか
ら不足がちのリジンや含硫アミノ酸などの必須アミノ酸
を供給することができ、栄養効果の高いものである。本
発明において、部分加熱変性ホエー蛋白質を溶液、又は
それを粉末化したものを蛋白質として3〜7重量%の範
囲の濃度で濃度を変えて用いることにより、水羊羹のよ
うな寒天ゲル特有の歯切れのよい組織を有するゲルか
ら、ういろうのような上新粉からなる付着性の高い組織
を有するゲルまで種々のゲル状態の和菓子を提供するこ
とができる。更に、7〜10重量%と高濃度で用いるこ
とにより、練り羊羹のような硬いゲルを提供することが
できる。又、1重量%以下の低濃度であれば餡の安定剤
として用いることができる。For the above-mentioned reasons, a reaction with the monovalent or divalent salts used for the production of the Japanese confectionery of the present invention is caused to be organized and viscous, and water is used for gel formation. Further, by incorporating it into the gel, it is possible to obtain a Japanese confectionery which imparts an appropriate viscosity, has a small amount of water separation, and has high water retention and good storage stability. Since the Japanese confectionery prepared by the present invention contains whey protein, it can supply essential amino acids such as lysine and sulfur-containing amino acids, which tend to be deficient, and has a high nutritional effect. In the present invention, a partially heat-denatured whey protein solution or a powdered product thereof is used as a protein at a concentration varying in the range of 3 to 7% by weight, whereby a crispness peculiar to agar gel such as water yokan It is possible to provide Japanese confectioneries in various gel states, from a gel having a good texture to a gel having a highly adherent texture composed of a new flour such as Uiro. Furthermore, by using a high concentration of 7 to 10% by weight, a hard gel such as kneaded yokan can be provided. Further, if the concentration is as low as 1% by weight or less, it can be used as a stabilizer for bean jam.
【0013】本発明によると、部分加熱変性ホエー蛋白
質を加糖餡を主原料とする和菓子原料に対して1.0重
量%以上と、1価または2価食品衛生上無害な塩類をホ
エー蛋白質に対して0.05重量%以上とを添加混合
し、ゲル組織を形成させることにより、保水性と保存安
定性が改良された和菓子を得ることができる。この添加
する部分加熱変性ホエー蛋白質の添加量および製品の水
分量を変えることにより、熟練した職人でなくとも寒天
ゲル状の組織、葛ゲル状の組織、及び上新粉ゲル状の組
織を得ることができ、餡を主成分とする和菓子類、例え
ば羊羹のような練り物、練りきりのような和菓子類を自
由に調製できる。なお部分加熱変性ホエー蛋白質の含量
を5重量%とし、ゲル化させるための塩の添加量を変え
ることにより水羊羹様の組織、羊羹様の組織、ういろう
様の組織を自由に調製することができる。また練りきり
様の組織を調製するためには、原料の水分を比較的低く
し、さらに添加する部分加熱変性ホエー蛋白質の量を1
%程度にすれば良い。これらの組織は保水性が良く、和
菓子の保存安定性を向上させる。また澱粉類と異なり老
化による品質の低下をきたさない。According to the present invention, the partially heated denatured whey protein is 1.0% by weight or more with respect to the raw material for sweets containing sugar bean paste as a main raw material, and monovalent or divalent salts which are harmless to food hygiene are added to whey protein. And 0.05% by weight or more are added and mixed to form a gel structure, whereby a Japanese confectionery with improved water retention and storage stability can be obtained. By changing the addition amount of this partially heated denatured whey protein and the water content of the product, even an unskilled craftsman can obtain an agar gel-like tissue, a kudzu gel-like tissue, and a Kaminari powder gel-like tissue. Thus, Japanese confectionery containing bean paste as a main component, for example, a kneaded product such as yokan or a Japanese confectionery such as kneaded paste, can be freely prepared. The content of partially heat-denatured whey protein is set to 5% by weight and the addition amount of salt for gelation is changed to freely prepare a water-yokan-like tissue, a yokan-like tissue, and a uiro-like tissue. . In addition, in order to prepare a kneading-like texture, the water content of the raw material is made relatively low, and the amount of partially heat-denatured whey protein added is 1
It should be about%. These structures have good water retention properties and improve the storage stability of Japanese sweets. Also, unlike starches, it does not deteriorate in quality due to aging.
【0014】本発明において用いられる塩としては、食
品に食品衛生上無害な通常使用可能な1価又は2価の塩
であれば、有機または無機塩のいずれであっても使用可
能である。このような塩としては、塩化カルシウム、塩
化ナトリウム、塩化マグネシウム、塩化カリウム、硫酸
カルシウム、硫酸ナトリウム、硫酸マグネシウム、硫酸
カリウム、モノリン酸ナトリウム、ジリン酸ナトリウ
ム、ポリリン酸ナトリウム、炭酸水素ナトリウム、クエ
ン酸ナトリウム、乳酸カルシウム、酒石酸ナトリウム、
アスコルビン酸ナトリウム等の無機塩類、及び、有機塩
類を1種、又は2種以上混合して用いることが出来る。
上記塩類は、部分加熱変性ホエー蛋白質をイオン的な結
合で架橋する働きを持つが、少なすぎるとその効果を発
揮せず、多すぎると過剰に作用し、硬くテクスチャーの
悪いゲルを形成してしまう。一般的に、塩の濃度は部分
加熱変性ホエー蛋白質濃度15%以下の水溶液をゲル化
させるためにはホエー蛋白質に対し、0.05重量%以
下にならないことが必要である。従って、本発明の和菓
子を調製するためには、和菓子原料に添加する塩はホエ
ー蛋白質に対して0.05%以上の濃度にすることが好
ましい。和菓子の種類により、例えば塩餡のように原料
中に一定量の塩を含有している場合があるが、その場合
には所望の組織状態にするために添加する塩の量を含有
量に応じて低減させる必要がある。The salt used in the present invention may be either an organic salt or an inorganic salt, as long as it is a monovalent or divalent salt which is generally usable for food hygiene and is generally usable. Such salts include calcium chloride, sodium chloride, magnesium chloride, potassium chloride, calcium sulfate, sodium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, potassium sulfate, sodium monophosphate, sodium diphosphate, sodium polyphosphate, sodium hydrogen carbonate, sodium citrate. , Calcium lactate, sodium tartrate,
Inorganic salts such as sodium ascorbate and organic salts may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
The above salts have a function of cross-linking the partially heat-denatured whey protein with an ionic bond, but if it is too small, it does not exert its effect, and if it is too large, it acts excessively and forms a hard and poorly textured gel. . Generally, it is necessary that the salt concentration is not less than 0.05% by weight based on the whey protein in order to gel an aqueous solution having a partially heated denatured whey protein concentration of 15% or less. Therefore, in order to prepare the Japanese confectionery of the present invention, it is preferable that the salt added to the Japanese confectionery raw material has a concentration of 0.05% or more with respect to whey protein. Depending on the type of Japanese confectionery, there are cases where a certain amount of salt is contained in the raw material, such as salt bean jam.In that case, the amount of salt added to achieve the desired tissue state depends on the content. Need to be reduced.
【0015】塩類は、分散性が高いものであれば固形の
まま添加してもよいが、1〜20重量%の塩水溶液とし
て用いることが望ましい。溶液で用いると、更に分散性
が高まり、塩の不溶による部分的な架橋を防止すること
ができる。原料中に占める各塩類の望ましい濃度として
は、ホエー蛋白質に対して塩化カルシウム、乳酸カルシ
ウム、塩化マグネシウムならば0.07〜0.5重量
%、塩化ナトリウム、塩化カリウム、アスコルビン酸ナ
トリウム、酒石酸ナトリウムならば0.5〜2.0重量
%、モノリン酸ナトリウム、ジリン酸ナトリウム、ポリ
リン酸ナトリウムならば0.8〜2.5重量%、炭酸水
素ナトリウム、クエン酸ナトリウムならば0.3〜1.
0重量%である。この数値範囲をはずれると、部分加熱
変性ホエー蛋白質がゲル化しなかったり、極端なゲル状
態を呈したりするために好ましくない。また高濃度の場
合には塩によっては塩味や苦味を感じるため好ましくな
い。The salt may be added as a solid as long as it has high dispersibility, but it is preferably used as a 1 to 20 wt% salt aqueous solution. When it is used in a solution, the dispersibility is further increased and partial crosslinking due to insolubility of the salt can be prevented. The desirable concentration of each salt in the raw material is 0.07 to 0.5% by weight for calcium chloride, calcium lactate and magnesium chloride with respect to whey protein, and sodium chloride, potassium chloride, sodium ascorbate and sodium tartrate for whey protein. 0.5-2.0% by weight, sodium monophosphate, sodium diphosphate, sodium polyphosphate 0.8-2.5% by weight, sodium hydrogen carbonate, sodium citrate 0.3-1.
0% by weight. If it deviates from this numerical range, the partially heat-denatured whey protein does not gel or exhibits an extreme gel state, which is not preferable. Further, in the case of a high concentration, some salts have a salty or bitter taste, which is not preferable.
【0016】以下実施例を示し、本発明をさらに詳細に
説明する。The present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the following examples.
【実施例1】本実施例では、本発明に使用する部分加熱
変性ホエー蛋白質の調製方法およびこの粉末の調製方法
を説明する。 (1) 市販のホエー蛋白質分離物WPI(BIO−I
SOLATES LTD製、商品名.BIOPRO)1
kgを脱イオン水に溶解し、全量を10Kg(ホエー蛋
白質濃度10%、pH7)とした。攪拌しながら加熱
し、液温度が85℃に達してから25分間保持した。次
いで20℃に冷却し、加熱変性ホエー蛋白質水溶液とし
た。この水溶液のFI値を前記の定義に従って測定した
ところ98/mg蛋白質であった。この溶液をホエー蛋
白質の部分加熱変性水溶液として用いた。上記の方法で
調製した水溶液1000lを、常法により噴霧乾燥装置
を用いて噴霧乾燥し、乾燥粉末8kgを得た。この粉末
は水溶性の高い微細粉末であった。この粉末を10%濃
度に水に溶解しFI値を測定したところ98/mg蛋白
質であった。Example 1 In this example, a method for preparing the partially heat-denatured whey protein used in the present invention and a method for preparing this powder will be described. (1) Commercially available whey protein isolate WPI (BIO-I
Product made by SOLATES LTD. BIOPRO) 1
kg was dissolved in deionized water to a total amount of 10 kg (whey protein concentration 10%, pH 7). The mixture was heated with stirring and held for 25 minutes after the liquid temperature reached 85 ° C. Then, it was cooled to 20 ° C. to obtain a heat-denatured whey protein aqueous solution. When the FI value of this aqueous solution was measured according to the above definition, it was 98 / mg protein. This solution was used as a partially heated denaturing aqueous solution of whey protein. 1000 l of the aqueous solution prepared by the above method was spray-dried by a conventional method using a spray-drying device to obtain 8 kg of dry powder. This powder was a fine powder having high water solubility. When this powder was dissolved in water to a concentration of 10% and the FI value was measured, it was 98 / mg protein.
【0017】(2) ホエー蛋白質分離物(WPI、太
陽化学(株)製、サンラクトI−1、蛋白質含量89.
8%、灰分1.34%)200gを脱イオン水1800
gに溶解し、10%WPI溶液(蛋白質濃度9%、灰分
0.13%、pH7)を調製した。このWPI溶液を湯
浴中で攪拌しながら加熱し、液温が80℃になってから
25分間保持した。その後、氷水中で5℃まで冷却し、
部分加熱変性したホエー蛋白質を得た。この蛋白質のF
I値を測定したところ95/mg蛋白質であった。(2) Whey protein isolate (WPI, Taiyo Kagaku KK, Sanlacto I-1, protein content 89.
8%, ash content 1.34%) 200 g deionized water 1800
10 g of WPI solution (protein concentration 9%, ash content 0.13%, pH 7) was prepared. This WPI solution was heated in a hot water bath with stirring and kept for 25 minutes after the liquid temperature reached 80 ° C. Then, cool to 5 ℃ in ice water,
Partially heat-denatured whey protein was obtained. F of this protein
When the I value was measured, it was 95 / mg protein.
【0018】(3) ホエー蛋白質濃縮物WPC(EX
PRESS FOOD,TYPE7502、75%蛋白
質、灰分5%)120gを脱イオン水1880gに溶解
し、6%WPC溶液(蛋白質濃度4.5%、灰分0.3
%、pH6.8)を調製した。このWPC溶液を湯浴中
で攪拌しながら加熱し、液温が95℃になってから5分
間保持した。その後、30℃まで冷却し、限外濾過装置
(分子量分画10000)で9%固形濃度まで濃縮し
た。その後、50℃に加温し、圧力噴霧乾燥装置により
加熱変性したホエー蛋白質の粉末を得た。この粉末を1
0%濃度に水に溶解しFI値を測定したところ 83/
mg 蛋白質であった。(3) Whey protein concentrate WPC (EX
120 g of PRESS FOOD, TYPE 7502, 75% protein, 5% ash) was dissolved in 1880 g of deionized water to prepare a 6% WPC solution (protein concentration 4.5%, ash content 0.3).
%, PH 6.8) was prepared. The WPC solution was heated in a hot water bath with stirring and kept for 5 minutes after the liquid temperature reached 95 ° C. Then, it cooled to 30 degreeC, and it concentrated to 9% solid concentration with the ultrafiltration apparatus (molecular weight fraction 10000). Then, it was heated to 50 ° C., and a whey protein powder denatured by heating with a pressure spray dryer was obtained. 1 of this powder
It was dissolved in water to 0% concentration and the FI value was measured. 83 /
It was mg protein.
【0019】[0019]
【実施例2】無糖生餡160部、砂糖70部に対し、実
施例1(2)で調製した部分加熱変性ホエー蛋白質水溶
液250部を混合し、良く混和し、両者が均質に混合す
るまで練り合わせた。これを次いで、20℃以下に冷却
したのち、8重量%乳酸カルシウム水溶液を20部を攪
拌しながら添加した。この溶液を型に80mlづつ充填
密封し、5℃にて1晩静置させ、水羊羹様の食感を有す
る和菓子を得た。 一方、従来品として従来のように寒
天を用いて水羊羹を調製した。すなわち、こし餡160
部、砂糖70部に対し寒天2部、水268部を加熱混合
し、型に80mlづつ充填密封し固めた。さらにこの配
合に澱粉を5部添加し、比較例とした。[Example 2] To 160 parts of unsweetened raw bean jam and 70 parts of sugar, 250 parts of the partially heated denatured whey protein aqueous solution prepared in Example 1 (2) was mixed and mixed well until both were homogeneously mixed. Kneaded. This was then cooled to 20 ° C. or lower, and then 20 parts of an 8 wt% calcium lactate aqueous solution was added with stirring. 80 ml of this solution was filled and sealed in a mold, and allowed to stand overnight at 5 ° C. to obtain a Japanese confectionery having a water-yokan-like texture. On the other hand, as a conventional product, agar yokan was prepared using agar as in the prior art. That is, bean paste 160
2 parts of agar and 268 parts of water were mixed by heating with 70 parts of sugar and 70 parts of sugar, and 80 ml each was filled and sealed in a mold to be solidified. Furthermore, 5 parts of starch was added to this formulation to give a comparative example.
【0020】水羊羹は長期間の保存が困難であると言わ
れている。これは水分含量が多いため、長期間保存する
と水が分離し、品質の低下が著しく、このため缶入りの
製品が一般的である。しかしこのような製品であっても
長期間経過したものは、開缶した時に多量の離水が認め
られる。上記の製法で調製した製品を保存し、全容量に
占める遊離水量を測定した。経時的な離水量変化を図1
に、さらに官能評価員20名による官能評価結果を表1
に示した。本発明による水羊羹は製造時の品質を長期間
の保存においても維持することが可能であった。It is said that water yokan is difficult to store for a long period of time. Since it has a high water content, water is separated when it is stored for a long period of time and the quality is remarkably deteriorated. For this reason, canned products are generally used. However, even if such a product is used for a long time, a large amount of water is observed when the can is opened. The product prepared by the above production method was stored, and the amount of free water in the total volume was measured. Figure 1 shows changes in the amount of water separation over time.
In addition, Table 1 shows the results of sensory evaluation by 20 panelists.
It was shown to. The water yokan according to the present invention was able to maintain the quality during production even during long-term storage.
【0021】[0021]
【表1】 ───────────────────────────────── 官能評価結果 ───────────────────────────────── 1日目 2日目 6日目 8日目 10日目 ───────────────────────────────── 本発明品 滑らか 変化なし 変化なし 変化なし 変化なし 従来品 滑らか 変化なし 脆い 収縮 ざらつき 澱粉添加品 滑らか 変化なし 脆い 収縮 ざらつき ─────────────────────────────────[Table 1] ───────────────────────────────── Sensory evaluation results ────────── ─────────────────────── 1st day 2nd day 6th day 8th day 10th day ───────────── ───────────────────── Inventive product Smooth No change No change No change No change Conventional product Smooth No change Brittle shrinkage Roughness Starch-added product Smooth no change Brittle shrinkage Roughness ──────────────────────────────────
【0022】[0022]
【実施例3】加糖こし餡400部、砂糖70部に対し、
実施例1(1)で調製した部分加熱変性ホエー蛋白質の
噴霧乾燥処理物を50部、水476部を混合し、完全に
溶解した。この溶液に25重量%の塩化カルシウム溶液
4部を攪拌しながら添加した。この溶液を型に充填し、
5℃にて1晩静置させ、練り羊羹様の食感を有する和菓
子を得た。本製品について30日以上の保存を行った
が、組織の変化や離水は観察されなかった。[Example 3] 400 parts of sweetened bean paste and 70 parts of sugar,
50 parts of the partially heat-denatured whey protein spray-dried product prepared in Example 1 (1) and 476 parts of water were mixed and completely dissolved. To this solution, 4 parts of a 25 wt% calcium chloride solution was added with stirring. Fill the mold with this solution,
The mixture was allowed to stand overnight at 5 ° C to obtain a Japanese confectionery having a texture of kneaded yokan. The product was stored for 30 days or longer, but no tissue change or syneresis was observed.
【0023】[0023]
【実施例4】加糖白餡350部、砂糖70部に対し、実
施例1(3)に準じて90℃10分間加熱処理したWP
C8.5重量%濃度の部分加熱変性ホエー蛋白質溶液5
50部を混合し、完全に溶解した。この溶液を20℃以
下に冷却したのち、10%リン酸2水素ナトリウム溶液
を40部を攪拌しながら添加した。この溶液を型に充填
し、5℃にて1晩静置させ、ういろう様の食感を有する
和菓子を得た。本製品について30日以上の保存を行っ
たが、組織の変化や離水は観察されなかった。Example 4 350 parts of sweetened white bean paste and 70 parts of sugar were heat treated at 90 ° C. for 10 minutes according to Example 1 (3).
Partially heat-denatured whey protein solution 5 with C 8.5 wt% concentration
50 parts were mixed and completely dissolved. After cooling this solution to 20 ° C. or lower, 40 parts of a 10% sodium dihydrogen phosphate solution was added with stirring. This solution was filled in a mold and allowed to stand at 5 ° C. overnight to obtain a Japanese confectionery having a Uiro texture. The product was stored for 30 days or longer, but no tissue change or syneresis was observed.
【0024】[0024]
【実施例5】加糖こし餡400部、砂糖70部に対し、
実施例1(1)に準じて調製した部分加熱変性ホエー蛋
白質の噴霧乾燥処理物を80部、水410部を混合し、
完全に溶解した。この溶液に8重量%の乳酸カルシウム
溶液40部を攪拌しながら添加した。この溶液を型に充
填し、5℃にて1晩静置させ、葛蒸し羊羹様の食感を有
する和菓子を得た。本製品について30日以上の保存を
行ったが、組織の変化や離水は観察されなかった。[Example 5] 400 parts of sweetened bean paste and 70 parts of sugar,
80 parts of a spray-dried product of partially heat-denatured whey protein prepared according to Example 1 (1) was mixed with 410 parts of water,
It was completely dissolved. To this solution, 40 parts of an 8 wt% calcium lactate solution was added with stirring. This solution was filled in a mold and allowed to stand at 5 ° C. overnight to obtain a Japanese confectionery that had a kudzu steamed and youkan-like texture. The product was stored for 30 days or longer, but no tissue change or syneresis was observed.
【0025】[0025]
【発明の効果】本発明の実施によって餡を主成分とする
和菓子において、保水性と安定性が改良された和菓子及
びその製造方法が提供される。本発明において部分加熱
変性ホエー蛋白質は添加した無機塩類、及び有機塩類に
よって網目状のゲルを形成する。形成されたゲルは弾力
性、保水性を有し、蛋白質濃度、及び塩濃度を変えるこ
とによりゲルの性状を変化させることができる。そし
て、和菓子中に部分加熱変性ホエー蛋白質が存在する
と、無機塩、及び有機塩との反応の結果、ゲルを形成す
ることから、和菓子の保水性と保存安定性を改善するこ
とができる。さらに添加量を目的に応じて変えることに
より、部分加熱変性蛋白質のみで寒天を用いたゲル状の
組織、葛を用いたゲル状の組織、及び上新粉を用いたゲ
ル状の組織等種々のゲル状態の和菓子を形成させること
ができる。さらに本発明により得られる和菓子は水分が
遊離しないために保存性に優れている。EFFECTS OF THE INVENTION The present invention provides a Japanese confectionery containing bean paste as a main component with improved water retention and stability, and a method for producing the same. In the present invention, the partially heat-denatured whey protein forms a reticulated gel by the added inorganic salts and organic salts. The formed gel has elasticity and water retention, and the properties of the gel can be changed by changing the protein concentration and the salt concentration. When the partially heated denatured whey protein is present in the Japanese confectionery, a gel is formed as a result of the reaction with the inorganic salt and the organic salt, so that the water retention and storage stability of the Japanese confectionery can be improved. Furthermore, by changing the amount of addition depending on the purpose, various partially heat-denatured proteins such as gel-like tissue using agar, kudzu-like gel-like tissue, and gel-like tissue using Kamishinoko are available. It is possible to form Japanese sweets in a gel state. Furthermore, the Japanese confectionery obtained according to the present invention is excellent in preservability because it does not release water.
【図1】実施例2で調製した水羊羹の経時的な離水量を
測定した結果を示す。FIG. 1 shows the results of measuring the amount of water separation with time of the water yokan prepared in Example 2.
Claims (7)
上と、1価または2価の塩類をホエー蛋白質に対して
0.05重量%以上とを含有させ、また部分加熱ホエー
蛋白質がゲル化され、保水性と安定性を改良したことを
特徴とする餡を主成分とする和菓子。1. A partially heated denatured whey protein is contained in an amount of 1% by weight or more and a monovalent or divalent salt is contained in an amount of 0.05% by weight or more based on the whey protein, and the partially heated whey protein is gelled. , Japanese sweets containing bean paste as a main component, which have improved water retention and stability.
脱塩されたホエー蛋白質を蛋白質濃度15%以下で水に
溶解し、55〜120℃の温度で加熱処理を行った加熱
処理水溶液である請求項1記載の和菓子。2. The partially heat-denatured whey protein is a heat-treated aqueous solution obtained by dissolving substantially desalted whey protein in water at a protein concentration of 15% or less and heat-treating at a temperature of 55 to 120 ° C. The Japanese confectionery according to claim 1.
塩されたホエー蛋白質を蛋白質濃度15%以下で水に溶
解し、55〜120℃の温度で加熱処理を行い、この加
熱処理水溶液を乾燥して得られた粉末である請求項1記
載の和菓子。3. A partially heat-denatured whey protein is substantially desalted, and whey protein is dissolved in water at a protein concentration of 15% or less and heat-treated at a temperature of 55 to 120 ° C. to dry the heat-treated aqueous solution. The Japanese confectionery according to claim 1, which is a powder obtained by
(FI)が50/mg蛋白質以上である請求項1〜3の
いずれかに記載の和菓子。4. The Japanese confectionery according to claim 1, wherein the partially heated denatured whey protein has a hydrophobicity (FI) of 50 / mg protein or more.
ナトリウム塩、カルシウム塩及びマグネシウム塩よりな
る群から選択される少なくとも1種以上の塩類である請
求項1記載の和菓子。5. The monovalent or divalent salt is a potassium salt,
The Japanese confectionery according to claim 1, which is at least one salt selected from the group consisting of sodium salt, calcium salt and magnesium salt.
ム、乳酸カルシウム、塩化マグネシウム、塩化ナトリウ
ム、塩化カリウム、アスコルビン酸ナトリウム、酒石酸
ナトリウム、モノリン酸ナトリウム、ジリン酸ナトリウ
ム、ポリリン酸ナトリウム、炭酸水素ナトリウム及びク
エン酸ナトリウムよりなる群から選択される1種以上の
塩類である請求項1記載の和菓子。6. A monovalent or divalent salt is calcium chloride, calcium lactate, magnesium chloride, sodium chloride, potassium chloride, sodium ascorbate, sodium tartrate, sodium monophosphate, sodium diphosphate, sodium polyphosphate, hydrogen carbonate. The Japanese confectionery according to claim 1, which is one or more salts selected from the group consisting of sodium and sodium citrate.
変性ホエー蛋白質を1重量%以上と、1価または2価の
塩類をホエー蛋白質に対して0.05重量%以上とを添
加混合し、部分加熱変性ホエー蛋白質をゲル化させるこ
とを特徴とする保水性と安定性が改良された和菓子の製
造方法。7. A partially heated denatured whey protein of 1 wt% or more and a monovalent or divalent salt of 0.05 wt% or more with respect to whey protein are added and mixed to a Japanese confectionery material containing bean paste as a main component. A method for producing a Japanese confectionery having improved water retention and stability, which comprises gelling a partially heated denatured whey protein.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP7079444A JPH08242771A (en) | 1995-03-10 | 1995-03-10 | Japanese style confection and its production |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP7079444A JPH08242771A (en) | 1995-03-10 | 1995-03-10 | Japanese style confection and its production |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JPH08242771A true JPH08242771A (en) | 1996-09-24 |
Family
ID=13690058
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP7079444A Pending JPH08242771A (en) | 1995-03-10 | 1995-03-10 | Japanese style confection and its production |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
JP (1) | JPH08242771A (en) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6706277B2 (en) | 2001-05-15 | 2004-03-16 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Confectionery compositions |
JP2006512073A (en) * | 2002-12-24 | 2006-04-13 | フォンテラ コ−オペレイティブ グループ リミティド | Milk protein treatment and its application |
CN111961226A (en) * | 2019-05-20 | 2020-11-20 | 财团法人食品工业发展研究所 | Process for preparing whey protein gels |
-
1995
- 1995-03-10 JP JP7079444A patent/JPH08242771A/en active Pending
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6706277B2 (en) | 2001-05-15 | 2004-03-16 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Confectionery compositions |
JP2006512073A (en) * | 2002-12-24 | 2006-04-13 | フォンテラ コ−オペレイティブ グループ リミティド | Milk protein treatment and its application |
CN111961226A (en) * | 2019-05-20 | 2020-11-20 | 财团法人食品工业发展研究所 | Process for preparing whey protein gels |
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