JPH079293A - Turret type machine tool - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To facilitate tool changing by containing a toil stocker in a plurality of multi-spindle spindle heads stocked in a head stocker, and stocking a plurality of tools for a single-spindle spindle head in the tool stocker. CONSTITUTION:An elevator type head stocker 2 for stocking a plurality of multi-spindle spindle heads HG... is arranged adjoining to a turret type machine tool main body 1 having a sliding freedom degree in three axial directions orthogonally crossing each other, and replacement of the spindle head HG is conducted between this head stocker 2 and the machine tool main body 1 by a head changing mechanism 3. A tool stocker is contained in the stocked multi- spindle spindle heads HG and a plurality of tools for a single-spindle head HS are stocked therein. The head changing mechanism 3 is provided with loading/ unloading carrier heads 114, 115 which are free to move transversely along guide bars 112, 113.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a turret type machine tool, and more particularly to a multi-axis spindle head when a turret head of a machine tool body is equipped with a multi-axis spindle head and a single-axis spindle in a mixed manner. The present invention relates to a turret type machine tool having both an automatic exchange function of itself and an automatic exchange function of a tool for a single-axis spindle head.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art As a turret type machine tool of this type, a multi-axis machine is provided between a turret head on the machine tool body side having a plurality of multi-axis spindles mounted in advance and a head stocker attached to the machine tool body. In addition to automatic spindle head replacement, there is also known a so-called multi-axis head-equipped machining center.

As shown in FIGS. 23 and 24, this machining center with a multi-axis head is provided with a total of four multi-axis spindles H _{1 to} H ₄ on both sides of a spindle unit 201 having a sliding degree of freedom in the directions of three orthogonal axes. On the other hand, the spindle unit 2
01 is provided with an automatic tool changing mechanism 203 composed of a drum-shaped tool magazine 202 and a tool changing arm (not shown). Any one of the four multi-axis spindle heads H _{1 to} H ₄ is provided. By selecting one tool or one tool in the tool magazine 202 and mounting it on the spindle unit 201, not only multi-axis simultaneous machining but also single-axis machining can be supported. .

[0004]

In the existing turret type machine tool described above, it is impossible to automatically change the tool of the single-axis (single-axis) spindle head. Therefore, in order to cope with the single-axis machining, It is necessary to prepare in advance as many single-axis spindle heads as the number of tools required on the turret head side or the head stocker side. As a result, the number of owned spindle heads increases and the equipment cost rises, which is not preferable.

On the other hand, in the latter type of machining center with a multi-axis head, since the automatic exchange mechanism of the multi-axis spindle head and the automatic exchange mechanism of the tool are completely independent, the entire machine tool becomes large. Not only that, but also the control system must be complicated.

In addition, since the main purpose is a machining center mainly for single-axis machining, the number of multi-axis spindle heads is small and the flexibility of multi-axis machining is higher than that of the turret type machine tool described above. The aspect is not always enough. Therefore, there is still a problem in terms of flexibility when it is used as a core facility for a medium-volume (multi-type) medium-volume production line of so-called box parts such as a cylinder head and a cylinder block of an internal combustion engine.

The present invention has been made by paying attention to the above problems, and an object thereof is to provide an automatic exchange function for a multi-axis spindle head and an automatic exchange function for a tool for a single-axis spindle head. , To provide a machine tool with improved flexibility in multi-axis machining.

[0008]

In the turret type machine tool of the present invention, a plurality of multi-axis spindle heads including at least one single-axis spindle head are detachably mounted on the outer periphery of a turret head which can be indexed and rotated, and A turret type machine tool main body having a degree of freedom of sliding in three orthogonal directions, and the same as when any spindle head on the turret head is positioned adjacent to the machine tool main body in a head exchange posture position. A head stocker in which a plurality of multi-axis spindle heads are stocked under a posture, and at least one of the plurality of multi-axis spindle heads stocked in the head stocker and having a substantially same shape as the multi-axis spindle head. None, and a tool stocker with multiple tools stocked for a single-axis spindle head, and The head is installed by straddling the work machine body and the head stocker, and when replacing the multi-axis spindle head, grips the multi-axis spindle head that has been disconnected from the turret head in cooperation with the machine tool body. A carrier head for unloading for returning to a predetermined position of the stocker and a head stocker which is disposed over the machine tool body and the head stocker and is to be newly mounted on the turret head when the multi-axis spindle head is replaced. After gripping one of the multi-axis spindle heads, the multi-axis spindle head is mounted on the turret head in cooperation with the machine tool body, while the tool of the single-axis spindle head is replaced by the head stocker. After grasping and taking out the tool stocker of And a loading carrier head to perform an automatic exchange of tools between that work with uniaxial spindle head and tool stocker.

[0009]

According to this structure, the turret head replaces the multi-axis spindle head as required between the turret head and the head stocker while the multi-axis spindle head or the single-axis spindle head required for machining is set to a predetermined position. Machining is performed while indexing to the machining position.

On the other hand, when the tool of the single-axis spindle head needs to be replaced, the head stocker also has a function of substantially stocking the tool, and the loading carrier head is substantially the replacement of the multi-axis spindle head. Since it serves both as a tool stock and a tool stock, the tool stocker taken out from the head stocker by the loading carrier head and the single axis spindle head on the turret head side are automatically replaced with a tool.

[0011]

1 to 6 are views showing an embodiment of the present invention.
Roughly a machine tool body 1 of the turret with a sliding degree of freedom in three orthogonal axial direction, this machine tool body 1 disposed adjacent a plurality of multi-axis spindle head H _G, H _G ...
Elevator type head stocker 2 for keeping stock, machine tool body 1 and head stocker 2
And a head exchanging mechanism 3 for exchanging the spindle head between and.

The machine tool body 1 includes a saddle 6 which is slidable on the fixed base 5 in the X direction by the action of the X-axis motor 4, and a column which is slidable in the Z direction on the saddle 6 by the action of the Z-axis motor 7. 8 and a body portion 10 that moves up and down (moves in the Y-axis direction) along the column 8 by the action of the Y-axis motor 9, and as a whole, is free to slide in the X, Y, Z orthogonal triaxial directions. Have a degree.

A turret head 11 that is indexed and driven to rotate about a horizontal axis is mounted on the body portion 10. The outer circumference of the turret head 11 is one uniaxial spindle head H _S and three turret heads. A total of four spindle heads are mounted with one multi-axis spindle head H _G. Therefore, if the workpiece to be machined is fixed on the index table 12 shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the machine tool main body 1 needs to be positioned at a position directly facing the workpiece by indexing and rotating the turret head 11. The spindle head H _G or H _S is indexed and then processed.

Assuming that the position of the spindle head indexed so as to face the workpiece on the index table 12 as described above is the machining posture position Q ₁ , the side opposite to the spindle head at the machining posture position Q ₁ The spindle head H _G or H _S becomes the posture position Q ₂ for head replacement or tool replacement described later.

Next, the details of the body portion 10 and the turret head 11 will be described with reference to FIG. 7 and subsequent figures. As shown in FIG. 7, the turret head 11 is a bearing that is externally mounted on the body portion 10. It is rotatably supported via 13 and 14. A spindle motor 15 is attached to the side surface of the body portion 10.
The output of 5 is the spline shaft 16, as shown in FIG.
It is taken out as a rotational output of the gear 18 via 17.

On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 9, the body portion 10 has an intermediate shaft 2 having gears 19 and 20 at both ends.
1 can rotate to the quill 23 via the bearing 22,
Moreover, it is slidably supported together with the quill 23. Since one gear 20 meshes with the gear 18 on the main shaft motor 15 side via the intermediate gear 24, the intermediate shaft 21 is rotationally driven by this.

An output shaft 25 is attached to each spindle head mounting surface of the turret head 11 by a bearing 2.
It is rotatably supported via 6. A gear 27 is provided at one end of each output shaft 25 to form a clutch action with the gears 19 and 20 on the intermediate shaft 21 side, and a meshing claw portion 28 is formed at the other end. The engaging claw portion 28 is adapted to engage with the corresponding input shaft 29 or spindle 30 for spindle rotation drive on the multi-axis spindle head H _G or single-axis spindle head H _S side.

Therefore, as shown in FIGS. 5 and 7 and 9, for example, the multi-axis spindle head H _G is indexed to the machining posture position Q ₁ and the single-axis spindle head H _{S is used.}
Is indexed to the posture position Q ₂ for tool exchange (head exchange), the intermediate shaft 21 at the intermediate position in FIG. By engaging with the gear 27 on the spindle head H _G side, the multi-axis spindle head H
Each _G spindle can be driven to rotate. This is the same when the single-axis spindle head H _S is indexed to the machining posture position Q ₁ .

On the other hand, by engaging the other gear 20 with the gear 27 on the uniaxial spindle head H _S side at the attitude position Q ₂ , the spindle 30 of the uniaxial spindle head H _S is rotated, As will be described later, when changing the tool of the single-axis spindle head H _S , the spindle 3
The position of 0 in the rotation direction can be determined (orientation function).

An indexing motor 31 is provided adjacent to the spindle motor 15 on the side surface of the body portion 10 as shown in FIGS.
A pair of gear shafts 32 intersecting each other inside 0.
33 is provided, and the bevel gears 34 and 35 of the gear shafts 32 and 33 mesh with each other. The turret head 1 is attached to the other end of the gear shaft 33.
A gear 37 that meshes with the internal gear 36 on the first side is fixed.

Since the rotation output of the indexing motor 31 is obtained as the rotation output of the gear shaft 32 via the RV speed reducer 38, the gear shaft 32 and the bevel gears 34 and 35, the gear shaft 33, the gear 37, and the inside The turret head 11 is indexed and rotationally driven via the gear 36.

As shown in FIGS. 10 and 11, another bevel gear 39 is meshed with the bevel gear 35, and a gear shaft 40 integrated with the bevel gear 39 is provided with a gear 41. Is the gear 4 on the input shaft 43 side of the detector (rotary encoder) 42
It meshes with 4. Then, the gear 37 and the internal gear 3
6 and the gear ratio between the gears 41 and 44 are equal, the detector 42 detects the indexing rotational position of the turret head 11.

On the other hand, as shown in FIGS. 7 to 10, the body portion 1 is provided between the body portion 10 and the turret head 11.
A hydraulic cylinder 47 having a piston 45 of a large diameter portion of 0 and a housing 46 of a bearing support is provided.
The turret head 11 of FIG. 10 is designed to move up and down.

Further, the body portion 10 has a structure shown in FIGS.
As shown in FIG.
Is fixed, and a movable gear 49 is fixed on the turret head 11 side, and the turret head 11 is positioned at a predetermined indexing position by the meshing of these gear couplings 50.

Therefore, during the indexing rotation of the turret head 11, the hydraulic cylinder 47 shown in FIGS.
By introducing hydraulic pressure into one of the chambers R ₁ , the turret head 11 descends by a predetermined amount and the meshing of the gear coupling 50 is released. Indexing motor 31 in this state
The turret head 11 is indexed and rotated by a predetermined amount by activating. Further, the turret head 11
Is indexed and rotated by a predetermined amount, hydraulic cylinder 4
When the hydraulic pressure is introduced into the other chamber R ₂ of 7, the entire turret head 11 is raised and the gear coupling 50 is re-engaged, whereby the turret head 11 is positioned at the indexing position.

A rack 51 is formed on the quill 23 as shown in FIGS. 7, 9, 10 and 12, and a pinion shaft 52 for slidingly displacing the quill 23 adjacent to the quill 23 is provided. Is provided. Pinion shafts 53 and 54 are provided at both ends of the pinion shaft 52, and one of the pinion shafts 54 meshes with the rack 51 of the quill 23. On the other hand, the pinion 53 meshes with a rack 59 which is driven forward and backward via a rod 57 and a coil spring 58 by the operation of two cylinders 55 and 56. In the two cylinders 55 and 56, the piston 60 of one cylinder 56 is formed to have a larger diameter than the piston 61 of the other cylinder 55.

Therefore, the piston 60 of the one cylinder 56 extends to the stroke end in the direction of arrow a, so that the intermediate shaft 21 supported by the quill 23 is held at the neutral position in FIGS. When retracted to the stroke end in the direction opposite to the arrow a direction, the intermediate shaft 21 slides to the right in FIGS. If the piston rod 61 of one cylinder 56 extends in the direction of arrow a and the piston rod 61 of the other cylinder 55 extends in the same direction, the intermediate shaft 2
1 slides to the left in FIGS. As described above, the clutch action can be performed between the intermediate shaft 21 and the output shaft 25 indexed to the machining posture position Q ₁ or the posture position Q ₂ for head exchange (tool exchange).

Whether or not the intermediate shaft 21 is correctly positioned at each position depends on the proximity switch 6 having the dock 62 integrated with the rod 57 shown in FIG. 12 as a proximity body.
3,64,65.

FIG. 9 is a view showing the state in which the single-axis spindle head H _S is indexed to the attitude position Q ₂ for tool exchange, and the meshing claw portion 66 of the spindle 30 meshes with the corresponding output shaft 25. It engages with the claw portion 28. A predetermined tool is removably attached to the tip of the spindle 30 via a BT shank type tool holder 68.

The tool holder 68 engages the steel ball 70 held by the clamp sleeve 69 with the pull stud 71 at the rear end of the tool holder 68, and urges the clamp sleeve 69 backward by the disc spring 72. It is firmly clamped at.

The body portion 10 is shown in FIG.
As shown in FIG. 3, an unclamp cylinder 73 for releasing the clamped state of the tool holder 68 by the clamp sleeve 69 and performing an unclamp operation when the tool of the single-axis spindle head H _S described later is replaced, and a tool to be newly mounted. (Tool holder) 68 is the spindle 30
Cylinder 7 for detecting whether the seat is securely seated on
A tool seating detection mechanism centering on 4 is provided.

On each head mounting surface of the turret head 11, four clampers 7 are provided as shown in FIGS.
5 is provided, a pull stud 76 is attached to the multi-axis spindle head H _G or the single-axis spindle head H _S on the other side. The clamper 75 includes a hydraulic cylinder 79 centered on a piston 78 arranged in a space between the turret head 11 and the seating plate 77,
It is composed of a plurality of steel balls 80 provided at the tip of the piston 78, and a coil spring 81 interposed between the seating plate 77 and the piston 78.

Then, the pull stud 76 and the steel ball 80 are engaged with each other, and in addition to the force of the coil spring 81, the hydraulic pressure is introduced into the chamber R ₃ from the port 82, whereby the multi-axis spindle head H _G or The single-axis spindle head H _S is pulled in to the turret head 11 side and firmly clamped.

By using the force of the coil spring 81 and the hydraulic pressure together as the clamping force of the multi-axis spindle head H _G and the single-axis spindle head H _S , even if the hydraulic pressure should be cut off, Spring 8
The clamped state of the multi-axis spindle head H _G and the single-axis spindle head H _S can be maintained by only one force.

On the other hand, hydraulic pressure is introduced into the chamber R ₄ from the port 83 in FIG.
By pushing back against the force of, the multi-axis spindle head H _G and the single-axis spindle head H _S can be unclamped.

Here, as shown in FIGS. 15 and 16, the air introduced from the seating detection port 84 is blown to the seating surface of the seating plate 77, and the back pressure thereof is provided on the upstream side of the seating detection port 84 (not shown). It shall be monitored by the pressure sensor. As a result, when the seat plate 77 and the flange portion 85 of the pull stud 76 are in close contact with each other by the clamper 75 clamping the spindle head, the above back pressure rises, and the completion of clamping of the spindle head is confirmed by the pressure change. be able to.

In the clamped state by the clamper 75, the air introduced from the air blow port 86 is allowed to flow to the unclamp detection port 87 side through the internal space of the seating plate 77, and the piston 78
By confirming whether or not the air flow from the air blow port 86 to the unclamp detection port 87 has been interrupted by the unclamp operation of (1), the completion of unclamping of the spindle head by the clamper 75 is confirmed by monitoring with a pressure sensor (not shown). It can be carried out.

Next, the details of the head stocker 2 and the head exchange mechanism 3 will be described in detail with reference to FIGS.

As shown in FIGS. 1, 2 and 16, the head stocker 2 includes a chain 1 between upper and lower chain sprockets 102 and 103 provided on a post 101.
04 is wound around, and a plurality of holder plates 105 are fixed to the chain 104 at equal pitches. Then, the holder plate 1 on the chain 104
The 05 total of eight multi-axis spindle head H _G is being detachably supported by T-slot coupling method, these multi-axis spindle head H _G be circularly moved in the elevator system with chains 104 by the activation of the motor 106 You can

That is, the multi-axis spindle head H _G on the chain 104 is taken out by the head replacement mechanism 3 described later in a state where it is indexed to the take-out position S ₁ , while any of the holder plates 105 in the empty state is taken out. polyaxial spindle head H _G by the head exchange mechanism 3 in a state but which is indexed to the position S ₂ back of the lower pickup position S ₁
Is attached to the holder plate 105 and returned.

The take-out position S _{1 of the} post 101
As shown in FIG. 18, positioning clampers 108 and 109 that move forward and backward by the operation of the cylinder 107 are provided in the portion corresponding to the return position S ₂ .
The multi-axis spindle head H _G indexed to the take-out position S ₁ and the return position S ₂ by the positioning clamps 108 and 109 is positioned together with the holder plate 105.

Here, the posture of each multi-axis spindle head H _G on the head stocker 2 is the same as that of the spindle head in the head exchange posture position Q ₂ on the turret head 11 side as shown in FIG. In addition, a plurality of multi-axis spindle heads H _G on the head stocker 2 includes one tool stocker S _{T, which} will be described later, as shown in FIG.

As shown in FIGS. 2, 3, 4 and 17, the head exchanging mechanism 3 is arranged so as to straddle between the machine tool body 1 and the head stocker 2, and is composed of the machine tool body. Two sets of guide bars 112 and 113 are provided horizontally between the frame 110 on the first side and the frame 111 on the head stocker side 2. These guide bars 112 and 113 are paired vertically for loading and unloading. Carrier heads 114, 115 for use are slidably mounted. Then, the pair of carrier heads 114 and 115, as shown in FIG.
By setting the intermediate positions in the longitudinal direction of the guide bars 112 and 113 as the origin positions P ₁ and P ₁₁ , it becomes possible to reciprocate between the machine tool body 1 and the head stocker 2 by the operation of the cylinders 116 and 117. There is.

The height positions of the loading carrier head 114 and the unloading carrier head 115 are the same as the take-out position S ₁ and the return position S ₂ of the head stocker 2.

The carrier heads 114 and 115 are
As shown in FIGS. 2 and 17 and 18, together with and a gripper 118 for clamping positioning the multi-axis spindle head H _G from the side, the cylinder 1 the gripper 118 is provided on the carrier head 114, 115
The operation of 19 allows the carrier heads 114 and 115 to move forward and backward in a direction orthogonal to the traveling direction.

Among the eight multi-axis spindle heads H _G stocked on the head stocker 2, at least one tool stocker S _T is included as described above. The tool stocker S _T, as shown in FIG. 1, 21, the external shape has no the same box-shaped and multi-axis spindle head H _G, thereby distinguished from the multi-axis spindle head H _G on the head stocker 2 It is not stocked and is detachably stocked on the head stocker 2.

The tool stocker S _T is mounted on the turret head 11 of the machine tool body 1 described above.
The tool T for stock exchange of the tool of the single-axis spindle head H _S shown in FIG.
As shown in FIG. 3, three tool accommodating grooves 121 to 123 are formed in the tool stocker S _T , and the tool T with the tool holder 68 can be detachably attached to the two tool accommodating grooves through the claws 124. It is installed.

Then, in the tool stocker S _T ,
A plurality of dogs 125 that move forward and backward according to the seating status of the tool T in each of the tool accommodating grooves 121 to 123 are provided via springs. Therefore, as will be described later, when the gripper 118 of one carrier head 114 grips the tool stocker S _T , the gripper 11
Proximity switch (not shown) provided in 8 is the dog 1
By detecting the appearance / disappearance state of the tool 25, it is possible to confirm and detect the presence status of the tool T on the tool stocker S _T.

Next, a series of movements of the turret type machine tool configured as described above will be described in detail.

As shown in FIG. 2, the turret head 11 of the machine tool body 1 is equipped with three multi-axis spindle heads H _G and one single-axis spindle head H _{S, and} is processed on the index table 12. Assuming that the target work is fixed, the machine tool main body 1 has a multi-axis spindle head H _G between the head stocker 2 and
Unless otherwise instructed, the plurality of spindle heads on the turret head 11 are sequentially indexed to the machining posture position Q ₁ for cutting.

That is, in the machine tool body 1, the spindle heads on the turret head 11 are sequentially machined in the processing posture position Q.
While selectively indexing to ₁ , the Z-axis cutting feed is applied to the index table 12 while positioning the selected spindle head at a predetermined position by using the slide degrees of freedom in the X, Y, Z orthogonal three-axis directions. The work will be cut.

On the other hand, any of the multi-axis spindle heads H _G on the turret head 11 and the head stocker 2
When any one of the multi-axis spindle heads H _G stocked with is replaced, the operation is as follows.

First, when there is an instruction to replace the multi-axis spindle head H _G , in the head stocker 2, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 17 and 18, the entire chain 104 is orbitally moved to replace the multi-axis spindle head. The spindle head H _G is indexed to the take-out position S ₁ and then positioned by the positioning clamper 108 shown in FIG. Then, the loading carrier head 114 moves from the origin position P ₁ in FIGS. 19 and 20 to a position directly facing the multi-axis spindle head H _{G at the} take-out position S ₁ , and further the gripper 118 of the loading carrier head 114. Moves forward by the operation of the cylinder 119 to clamp the multi-axis spindle head H _G indexed to the take-out position S ₁ .

The loading carrier head 114
When but gripping the multi-axis spindle head H _G of the take-out position S _1, positioning the clamper 108 has been positioned multiaxial spindle head H _G at the pickup position S ₁ is waiting for work unclamping far, the loading carrier The head 114 moves to the origin position P ₁ of FIGS.

After that, the chain 104 of the head stocker 2 is rotated by one pitch, and the holder plate 105 from which the multi-axis spindle head H _G has been detached at the take-out position S ₁ is indexed to the return position S ₂ . Then, positioning is performed by the positioning clamper 109 shown in FIG. The operations up to this point can be performed during processing of the workpiece.

On the other hand, when the machining is completed, the machine tool main body 1 indexes and rotates the turret head 11, and indexes the multi-axis spindle head H _G to be replaced on the turret head 11 to the head replacement posture position Q ₂ . The multi-axis spindle head H _G to be replaced is positioned so as to be at the same height as the unloading carrier head 115 shown in FIG.

Further, the unloading carrier head 115, which was standing by at the origin position P ₁₁ until then, is moved to a position directly facing the multi-axis spindle head H _G to be replaced on the turret head 11 side, and then the unloading is performed. gripping the multi-axis spindle head H _G to be the replacement target by advancing gripper 118 of use carrier head 115.

In this way, when the multi-axis spindle head H _G to be replaced on the turret head 11 side is gripped by the unloading carrier head 115, as shown in FIGS.
The clamper 75 on the side of the turret head 11 shown in FIG. 16 performs the unclamping operation, and the multi-axis spindle head H _G to be replaced is removed from the turret head 11.

After this, as described above, the turret head 1
The unloading carrier head 115 holding the multi-spindle head H _G that has deviated from 1 moves to the returning position S ₂ on the head stocker 2 side and stands by at the returning position S ₂ in the empty holder plate 105. The multi-axis spindle head H _G removed from the turret head 11
Transfer. And the multi-axis spindle head H _G
When is transferred to the holder plate 105, the unloading carrier head 115 moves to the origin position P _{11 in} FIG. 19 and stands by at that position.

As described above, while the unloading carrier head 115 is transporting the multi-axis spindle head H _G removed from the turret head 11 toward the head stocker 2, as shown in FIG. 1 the turret head 11 is raised moved by a predetermined amount, the head mounting surface previously polyaxial spindle head H _G is removed it is positioned to be the same height position and the loading carrier head 114.

After that, the loading carrier head 114 waiting at the origin position P ₁ in FIG. 19 moves toward the turret head 11, and the gripper 118 is advanced to be held by the gripper 118. Axis spindle head H _G to turret head 11
Attach it to the head mounting surface where the head is not mounted. The turret head 11 then clamps the clamper 75 shown in FIGS. 14 to 16 to firmly clamp the new multi-axis spindle head H _G.

Further, when the multi-axis spindle head H _G is clamped on the turret head 11 side, the loading carrier head 114 releases the multi-axis spindle head H _G and returns to the origin position P ₁ in FIG. And wait.

As described above, the replacement work of one multi-axis spindle head H _G between the turret head 11 of the machine tool body 1 and the head stocker 2 is completed, and the machine tool body 1 is newly added. while sequentially indexed rotation a plurality of spindles heads on the turret head 11 containing the axial spindle head H _G moves to the next processing cycle.

Further, when replacing the spindle head on the other surface of the turret head 11, a series of operations for replacing the head is repeated.

Next, the procedure for exchanging the tool of the single-axis spindle head H _S mounted on the turret head 11 will be described.

First, when a tool replacement instruction is issued, as shown in FIG.
The chain 104 of the head stocker 2 shown in FIG. 18 orbits, and the tool stocker S _T of FIG. 1 stocked on the head stocker 2 is indexed to the take-out position S ₁ shown in FIGS. Position at 108. Further, until then, the origin position P ₁
The loading carrier head 114, which has been waiting at, moves to the take-out position S ₁ of the head stocker 2,
The tool stocker S _T waiting at the take-out position S ₁ is gripped by the gripper 118. Then, the loading carrier head 114 holding the tool stocker S _T moves to the ATC stop position P ₂ shown in FIG. 19 and stands by.

On the other hand, as shown in FIGS. 2, 9 and 19, the machine tool main body 1 which has finished machining indexes the uniaxial spindle head H _S on the turret head 11 to the head replacement posture position Q ₂ and then The shaft spindle head H _S is positioned at the tool replacement standby position A ₁ in FIG. Then, by moving the single-axis spindle head H _S to the A ₂ position in the X direction, the tool T mounted on the single-axis spindle head H _S is moved to the empty tool storage groove 121 of the tool stocker S _T. Plug in.

That is, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 21, the tool holder 6 mounted on the single-axis spindle head H _S.
The tool holder 68 is pushed into the tool housing groove 12 by pushing the groove portion 8 while engaging the tool housing groove 121.
It is clamped by one claw body 124, and at the same time, the corresponding dog 125 projects.

Prior to this, on the body portion 10 side of the machine tool main body 1, as shown in FIG. 9, the intermediate shaft 21 is slid to the right to be divided into one gear 20 and the head replacement posture position Q ₂ . After engaging with the gear 27 of the output shaft 25 that is being output, the spindle motor 15 is started to rotate the spindle 30 at a low speed by a predetermined angle to perform so-called orientation. As a result, the rotation direction of the spindle 30 for indexing the tool of the single-axis spindle head H _S is indexed.

Subsequently, as shown in FIGS. 9 and 13, the unclamp cylinder 73 provided in the body portion 10 of the machine tool body 1 performs an unclamp operation to push the piston rod 131 thereof to the right, Further, the draw bar 132 provided in the output shaft 25 pushes out the clamp sleeve 69. As a result, the pull stud 71 of the tool T (tool holder 68) and the steel ball 7
The engagement with 0 is released, and the clamping force of the tool T by the spindle 30 of the single-axis spindle head H _S is released.

Here, as shown in FIG. 13, two sets of air passage ports 133 and 134 are provided in the portion of the body portion 10 that supports the piston rod 131 to allow the air to pass therethrough. In the forward limit position and the backward limit position of 131, those air flow ports 133, 1
Whether the piston rod 131 has correctly stroked to the forward limit position or the backward limit position by monitoring with a pressure sensor (not shown) whether or not the piston rod 34 selectively communicates with each other through the circumferential groove 135 on the piston rod 131 side. Confirmation can be detected.

Thus, the single-axis spindle head H _S
When the tool restraint force by the spindle 30 is released, the single-axis spindle head H _S is slid in the Z direction together with the turret head 11 to the A ₃ position as shown in FIG. As a result, the tool T is extracted from the spindle 30 of the single-axis spindle head H _S , and the tool T is stocked in the tool storage groove 121 of the tool stocker S _T as it is.

Next, it is assumed that the tool T to be mounted on the spindle 30 of the single-axis spindle head H _S is designated as the tool T accommodated in the tool accommodation groove 122 of the tool stocker S _T , for example. In the machine tool body 1, the single-axis spindle head H _S from which the tool T has been removed is moved in the Y direction to the A ₄ position in FIG.
Further, it is moved in the Z direction to the A ₅ position. This allows
The spindle 30 of the single-axis spindle head H _S is inserted into the shank portion of the tool T (tool holder 68) stocked in the tool housing groove 122 of the tool stocker S _T.

In this state, the unclamp cylinder 73 shown in FIGS.
When 31 is slid to the left, the clamp sleeve 6
9 and the draw bar 132 are pushed back by the force of the disc spring 72, and the pull stud 71 of the tool T and the steel ball 70 are engaged with each other, whereby the new tool T is moved to the spindle 3
It is clamped to 0.

Prior to this, as shown in FIG. 13, when the unclamp cylinder 73 is in the unclamped state and a new tool T is inserted into the spindle 30, the shank portion of the tool T moves to the spindle 30. Check the seating to see if it was inserted correctly.

That is, the cylinder 74 at the rear stage of the unclamp cylinder 73 shown in FIG. 13 is extended in the direction of the spindle 30, and the piston rod 136 of the cylinder 74 is extended.
Press on 32. Then, the air pressure introduced into the air chamber 137 is applied to the rear end surface of the pull stud 71 through the air passages 138 to 140 formed in the centers of the piston rod 136, the draw bar 132 and the clamp sleeve 69. Therefore, the pressure of the air chamber 137 before and after the end surface of the pull stud 71 is seated on the tip surface of the clamp sleeve 69 of FIG.
The seating confirmation of the tool T with respect to 0 can be performed.

Whether or not the cylinder 74 has correctly stroked is determined as in the case of the unclamp cylinder 73 by the air flow ports 141 and 142 and the circumferential groove 14.
3 and a pressure sensor (not shown) can be used for confirmation detection.

After confirming the seating of the tool T on the spindle 30, the piston rod 136 of the cylinder 74 is used when the unclamp cylinder 73 is clamped.
Also retreat.

[0079] As described above, the if the new tool T in the spindle 30 of the single-axis spindle head H _S is clamped, X direction single-axis spindle head H _S to A ₆ position, as shown in FIG. 1 Move to. As a result, the tool T newly mounted on the single-axis spindle head H _S is extracted from the tool storage groove 122 of the tool stocker S _T.

From the above, the single-axis spindle head H
_After the tool exchange work for _S is completed, as shown in FIG. 19, the loading carrier head 114 holding the tool stocker S _T returns to the origin position P ₁ and stands by, while the machine tool body 1 is subjected to cutting work. Transition.

When it is necessary to change the tool of the single-axis spindle head H _S again after the above-mentioned machining,
The loading carrier head 114 waits at the origin position P ₁ in FIG. 19, while the loading carrier head 114 returns the tool stocker S _T to the head stocker 2 when it is not necessary to replace the tool. .

[0082]

As described above, according to the present invention, the tool stocker is included in the plurality of multi-axis spindle heads stocked in the head stocker, and the tool stocker includes a plurality of single-axis spindle heads. By keeping the tools in stock, not only the multi-axis spindle head is exchanged between the turret head and the head stocker, but also between the single-axis spindle head on the turret head side and the tool stocker. Since it is possible to exchange tools, the number of single-axis spindle heads required when using both multi-axis spindle heads and single-axis spindle heads is small, which reduces the man-hours for managing the single-axis spindle heads and reduces equipment costs. Reduction can be achieved.

Further, by including the tool stocker in the plurality of multi-axis spindle heads of the head stocker as described above, the head stocker and the carrier head for carrying the head are substantially provided in the multi-axis spindle head. Since it can be used for both tool replacement of single-axis spindle head and tool replacement of single-axis spindle head, it is possible to downsize the entire machine tool and simplify control.

In addition, since it is possible to secure a sufficient number of multi-axis spindle heads while having the tool exchanging function of the single-axis spindle head as described above, it is highly flexible and versatile as a machine tool, and particularly It can be sufficiently used as the core equipment of a medium-sized (multi-type) medium-volume production line for box parts such as cylinder heads and cylinder blocks.

Furthermore, since the loading carrier head and the unloading carrier head for transporting the multi-axis spindle head are independent of each other, the time required for exchanging the multi-axis spindle head can be greatly shortened, and Since the machining direction of the machine tool body and the position of the head stocker are opposite, chips and cutting fluid generated during machining will not adhere to the spindle head on the head stocker side, and the spindle head inside the head stocker and Since all the tools in the tool stocker face the same direction, there is an advantage that tool replacement and tool maintenance are easy.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a tool stocker stocked in a head stocker together with a multi-axis spindle head.

FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a main part showing an embodiment of the present invention.

3 is a front explanatory view of FIG. 2. FIG.

FIG. 4 is a left side view of FIG.

5 is an explanatory view of only the machine tool body of FIG.

FIG. 6 is a left side explanatory view of FIG. 5.

FIG. 7 is an explanatory cross-sectional view taken along the line BB of FIG.

FIG. 8 is an explanatory cross-sectional view taken along the line DD of FIG.

FIG. 9 is an enlarged explanatory view of a main part of FIG. 7.

FIG. 10 is an explanatory cross-sectional view taken along the line CC of FIG.

11 is a cross-sectional explanatory view taken along the line EE of FIG.

12 is an explanatory cross-sectional view of a main part of a slide drive system of the intermediate shaft in FIG.

FIG. 13 is an enlarged explanatory view of a main part of FIG. 9.

FIG. 14 is a structural explanatory view of a clamp portion of a spindle head with respect to a turret head.

FIG. 15 is an enlarged view of a main part of FIG.

16 is a left side cross-sectional explanatory view of FIG. 15. FIG.

17 is a left side view of the head stocker shown in FIG.

FIG. 18 is an operation explanatory diagram of FIG. 17;

FIG. 19 is a left side explanatory view of FIG. 18.

20 is an explanatory plan view of FIG.

21 is a front explanatory view of the tool stocker shown in FIG. 1. FIG.

FIG. 22 is a side view of a single-axis spindle head.

FIG. 23 is a front explanatory view showing an example of a conventional machining center with a multi-axis head.

FIG. 24 is a right side explanatory view of FIG. 23.

[Explanation of symbols]

1 ... Machine tool main body 2 ... Head stocker 3 ... Head exchange mechanism 10 ... Body part 11 ... Turret head 68 ... Tool holder 114 ... Loading carrier head 115 ... Unloading carrier head H _G ... Multi-axis spindle head H _S ... Single Axis Spindle head Q ₁ ... Machining posture position Q ₂ ... Head (tool) replacement posture position S _T ... Tool stocker T ... Tool

 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (72) Inventor Minoru Sato 2 Takaracho, Kanagawa-ku, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa Nissan Motor Co., Ltd.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A turret type turret head having a plurality of multi-axis spindle heads including at least one single-axis spindle head detachably mounted on the outer periphery of a turret head rotatable for indexing, and having a degree of freedom of sliding in orthogonal three-axis directions. A machine tool main body and a plurality of multi-axis spindle heads that are arranged adjacent to the machine tool main body and have the same posture as when one of the spindle heads on the turret head is indexed to the head replacement posture position. And a head stocker that is included in at least one of a plurality of multi-axis spindle heads stocked in the head stocker and has substantially the same shape as the multi-axis spindle head, and a plurality of tools for a single-axis spindle head. Straddle between the stocked tool stocker and the machine tool body and head stocker. An unloading carrier that holds the multi-axis spindle head that has been disconnected from the turret head in cooperation with the machine tool body and returns it to a predetermined position on the head stocker when the multi-axis spindle head is replaced. The head, the machine tool body, and the head stocker are arranged so as to straddle each other. When replacing the multi-axis spindle head, one of the multi-axis spindle heads on the head stocker to be newly attached to the turret head is gripped. The multi-axis spindle head is mounted on the turret head in cooperation with the machine tool body, while the tool stocker on the head stocker is grasped and taken out when replacing the tool of the single-axis spindle head. In cooperation with the machine tool body, a single-axis spindle head and a tool stocker A turret type machine tool comprising: a loading carrier head for automatically exchanging tools with the tool.