JPH0756173A - Liquid crystal display element and liquid crystal orientation treatment and production of liquid crystal display element - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To obtain a visual angle characteristic which is uniform and completely isotropic over the entire region of a cell and to improve display quality by applying a pretilt angle to the liquid crystal molecules of a liquid crystal layer of the surface of a substrate subjected to a positive orientation treatment. CONSTITUTION:A slope 3 inclines at a prescribed angle with the plane of the substrate 1 or the plane of an optical polarization storage film 2. The posture of the liquid crystal molecules 5 at the boundary is regulated by this microrecessed part 4. The many microrecessed parts 4 are formed on the optical polarization storage film 3. The orientation direction within the substrate plane of the liquid crystal molecules 5 is regulated by the polarization direction of the polarized light with which the optical polarization storage film 2 is irradiated in the orientation treatment stage; further, the pretilt angle theta of the liquid crystal molecules 5 is regulated by the angle of the slopes 3 of the microrecessed parts 4. The transverse width of the microrecessed parts 4 is required to be the width having some degree of freedom to the orientation in the intra-surface direction of the substrate of the liquid crystal molecules 5. Then, the function to impart the pretilt angle to the liquid crystal molecules 5 is formed in the oriented film having the optical polarization storage characteristic and, therefore, the liquid crystal molecules 5 rise in the specified direction and the visual angle characteristic is improved.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a liquid crystal display device in which liquid crystal molecules are pretilted, a method of aligning liquid crystal, and a method of manufacturing a liquid crystal display device.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art A liquid crystal display device used in a liquid crystal display or the like, a so-called liquid crystal cell, changes a specific molecular arrangement of liquid crystal into another different molecular arrangement by an external action such as an electric field, and transmits an optical signal between them. The change in the physical characteristics is used as a visual change for display. In order to bring the liquid crystal molecules into a particular alignment state, it is usual to perform an alignment treatment on the surface of the glass substrate that sandwiches the liquid crystal.

In a conventional twisted nematic (TN) type liquid crystal cell or the like, a so-called rubbing method in which a glass substrate sandwiching liquid crystal is unidirectionally rubbed with a glass cloth is used as an alignment treatment.

The rubbing directions are performed so that the rubbing directions are orthogonal to each other between the upper and lower substrates, and when the liquid crystal cell is a negative display, a polarizing plate with parallel Nicol arrangement sandwiching the cells is used. The polarizers are arranged so as to be parallel to the direction, and in the case of positive display, the polarizing plates in the orthogonal Nicol arrangement are arranged so that their polarization axes are parallel to the rubbing direction of the substrate.

[0005]

[Problems to be Solved by the Invention] When rubbing,
In some cases, static electricity due to friction is generated to cause dielectric breakdown in the alignment film, or display defects may be caused by defective alignment in that portion. In addition, in the case of rubbing a substrate having a driving element such as a TFT (thin film transistor) or wiring formed on the surface in a liquid crystal cell adopting an active driving method,
In some cases, static electricity caused by rubbing may damage the elements and wiring.

Further, a large amount of fine dust is generated during alignment film formation and rubbing, and the dust adheres to the substrate due to static electricity, which causes display defects such as gap defects in liquid crystal cells and black and white dots. Sometimes it is another problem.

The specification of Japanese Patent Application No. 4-236652 of the prior application filed on September 4, 1992 by the same applicant as the present application is intended to solve the above problems associated with rubbing. A liquid crystal display element that does not require rubbing treatment and a method for manufacturing the same are disclosed.

In the method of manufacturing a liquid crystal display device of the invention described in the specification of Japanese Patent Application No. 4-236652, TN in which liquid crystal molecules are twisted by 90 ° between two transparent electrodes is used.
-To manufacture an LCD, a chiral pitch satisfying d / p = 0.25, where p is the chiral pitch of the chiral nematic liquid crystal and d is the thickness of the liquid crystal layer sandwiched between the glass substrates. p liquid crystal is used.

The optical rotatory power is not limited to 90 degrees. When the chiral pitch of the chiral nematic liquid crystal is p and the distance between the transparent substrates is d, 0.15 <d / p
It is disclosed that the values of p and d may be selected so that <0.75. That is, it is shown that a liquid crystal cell that does not require a rubbing treatment can be obtained by using a liquid crystal having a chiral pitch p defined by a desired twist angle of the cell and a cell thickness d.

According to the method of the invention of this prior application, a multi-domain which is a set of minute regions having liquid crystal molecules having a specific alignment direction is formed, and the alignment directions are randomly present in all directions. The chiral nematic liquid crystal rotates the polarization axis of incident light as a whole by a predetermined angle. Positive display can be realized by using a pair of deflectors in this liquid crystal cell.
A liquid crystal display device having uniform viewing angle characteristics can be obtained.

By the way, in the liquid crystal display device according to the invention of this prior application, in order to obtain uniform characteristics over the entire screen, the multi-domain on the substrate is such that liquid crystal molecules are aligned in a certain direction in each domain, and the entire multi-domain is In the liquid crystal molecule alignment direction as, every direction component must exist with equal probability.

Moreover, in the liquid crystal display device, such multi-domain must be established in the minimum unit of pixels constituting the display screen, that is, in the unit of one dot area. In the liquid crystal display element described in the specification of Japanese Patent Application No. 4-236652 of the prior application, such alignment is completely guaranteed in the entire multi-domain because the alignment treatment is not performed positively. Was not.

Further, in the specification of Japanese Patent Application No. 5-159606 filed by the same applicant as the present application on June 29, 1993, an optical polarization memory film is formed on a substrate surface and multi-domain individual There is disclosed an invention in which a region that becomes a micro region is subjected to an active orientation treatment to guarantee a constant orientation in each micro region, and at the same time realize a random orientation in the entire multi-domain.

The following methods have been published so far for orienting liquid crystals using a light polarization memory film: (1) Method using silicon polyimide doped with diazoamine dye: Wayne M. et al. Gibbons
Others, NATURE Vol. 351 (1991) p. Four
9, (2) Using PVA (polyvinyl alcohol) doped with an azo dye: Yasufumi Iimura et al .: 18th Liquid Crystal Symposium-The 64th Annual Meeting of the Chemical Society of Japan-, p. 34, Published September 11, 1992, The Chemical Society of Japan. Or
Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. Vol. 32 (19
93) pp. L93-L96, (3) with photopolymerized photopolymers: Martin Schatt et al., J.
pn. J. Appl. Phys. Vol. 31 (199
2) pp. 2155-2164.

No pretilt angle is given to the liquid crystal molecules in any of the above-mentioned announcements (1) to (3) and in the specification of Japanese Patent Application No. 5-159606 of the prior application. It was

The pretilt angle is an angle indicating how much the liquid crystal molecules stand (tilt) with respect to the surface of the transparent substrate in the cell. In a liquid crystal cell without a pretilt angle, the liquid crystal molecule at the center of the cell has both ends of the molecule. It is not determined from which of the above, and in some cases the rising direction of liquid crystal molecules varies depending on the location of the cell and is not stable.

If this happens, when the cells are oriented in a constant direction over the entire surface (normal orientation).
In that case, the viewing angle characteristics differ depending on the region, resulting in a display that is very difficult to see.

Further, even when the multi-domain orientation shown in Japanese Patent Application No. 5-159606 is applied, the rising direction of the molecule cannot be defined for the same reason, so that a completely random multi-domain orientation is assumed. Even if it is obtained, if there is a deviation in the rising direction, the randomness cannot be guaranteed and the viewing angle characteristics will be biased.

The object of the present invention is to provide viewing angle dependence,
It eliminates the need for rubbing treatment that causes product defects such as display defects and element destruction.
6652 and Japanese Patent Application No. 5-159606, a liquid crystal display device in which a liquid crystal cell having a multi-domain structure or an optical polarization storage film is used for positive alignment treatment, a pretilt angle is given to provide a more stable and uniform viewing angle characteristic. (EN) A liquid crystal display device having high display quality, an alignment treatment method, and a liquid crystal display device using the method.

[0020]

A liquid crystal display device according to the present invention comprises a pair of transparent substrates having a positive alignment structure in which at least one transparent substrate has microscopically aligned alignment directions and macroscopically different alignments. A liquid crystal layer sandwiched between the pair of substrates, and a surface of the substrate subjected to the positive alignment treatment imparts a pretilt angle to liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal layer.

Further, the liquid crystal alignment treatment method according to the present invention comprises a step of forming an alignment film having optical polarization memory characteristics on the surface of a transparent substrate, and a tilt structure for giving a pretilt angle to liquid crystal molecules in the alignment film. The method includes a forming step and a step of irradiating the alignment film with polarized light to control the alignment.

Further, the liquid crystal alignment treatment method according to the present invention forms on the surface of the transparent substrate an alignment film having optical polarization memory characteristics such that liquid crystal molecules are aligned in a direction related to the polarization direction of a given polarized light. And a step of irradiating the alignment film with the polarized light from a direction inclined with respect to the vertical axis of the substrate to control the alignment.

Further, the liquid crystal alignment treatment method of the present invention is
Forming on the surface of the transparent substrate an alignment film having optical polarization memory characteristics such that liquid crystal molecules are aligned in a direction related to the polarization direction of a given polarized light; and A method for aligning a liquid crystal, the method comprising: irradiating the liquid with light to control the alignment.

Further, in the method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display element according to the present invention, after applying any one of the above alignment treatment methods to at least one of the pair of transparent substrates, a liquid crystal material is injected between the pair of substrates, It is characterized by imparting a pretilt angle to liquid crystal molecules.

Further, in the liquid crystal display device of the present invention, a pair of transparent substrates including at least one of the transparent substrates subjected to any one of the above alignment treatment methods, and a pretilt sandwiched between the pair of transparent substrates. And a given liquid crystal layer.

[0026]

The liquid crystal molecules rise in a fixed direction because the alignment film having the optical polarization memory characteristic has a function of giving the liquid crystal molecules a pretilt angle. Therefore, the viewing angle characteristic is improved.

[0027]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS There will be roughly described three methods for generating a pretilt angle.

The first method is a method of physically forming a slope structure for tilting liquid crystal molecules in the optical polarization storage film. It will be shown that there are various methods for implementing the first method.

The second method is to impart a pretilt angle to the optical polarization storage film itself by setting the irradiation direction of the polarized light to be an oblique direction when the polarized light is applied to the optical polarization storage film for orientation treatment. is there.

A third method is to irradiate the optical polarization storage film with light having a large number of different polarization directions, for example, natural light, to give the optical polarization storage film a property of giving a pretilt angle. .

I. First way to generate pretilt angle:
FIG. 1 is a perspective view and a cross-sectional view showing a minute concave structure 4 having a slope 3 formed on an optical polarization storage film 2 on the surface of a transparent glass substrate 1. The slope 3 is inclined at a predetermined angle with respect to the surface of the substrate 1 or the surface of the optical polarization storage film 2. The attitude of the liquid crystal molecules 5 at the interface is regulated by the minute recesses 4. 1A shows an example of a concave structure having a rectangular shape, and FIG. 1B shows an example of a concave structure having an elongated elliptical shape. Figure 1
(C) is a cross-sectional view in both cases (A) and (B).

A micro concave structure 4 as shown in FIG. 1 is formed on the multiple optical polarization storage film 2. The orientation direction of the liquid crystal molecules 5 in the plane of the substrate is defined by the polarization direction of the polarized light with which the optical polarization storage film 2 is irradiated in the orientation processing step, and the pretilt angle θφ of the liquid crystal molecules 5 is further determined by the angle of the slope 3 of the minute concave structure 4. Stipulated. The lateral width of the fine concave structure 4 needs to have a certain degree of freedom with respect to the alignment of the liquid crystal molecules 5 in the in-plane direction of the substrate.

Instead of the minute concave structure 4, the minute convex structure 6 may be formed on the optical polarization storage film 2. 1D is a perspective view of the minute convex structure 6, and FIG. 1E is a sectional view thereof. The minute convex structure 6 has a slope 7, and the angle of the slope 7 defines the pretilt angle θφ of the liquid crystal molecules 5 as in the case of the minute concave portion 4.

Examples of the method of forming the microstructure 4 or 6 of FIG. 1 on the optical polarization storage film 2 will be described below. The photo-polarization memory film is provided with photosensitivity like a photoresist so that it can be patterned by light irradiation in the photolithography technique. Intensity of light irradiation,
That is, the slope 3 is formed by making the irradiation light intensity weak at the shallow portion of the concave structure 4 and conversely strong at the deep portion.

When the slope 7 is formed by the convex structure 6, the opposite is true. After forming the slope, as described in Japanese Patent Application No. 5-159606 of the prior application, the optical polarization memory film 2 is irradiated with polarized light having different polarization directions between minute regions to perform an alignment treatment in the in-plane direction of the substrate. .

A photoresist (not shown) is further applied on the optical polarization memory film 2, and after patterning a predetermined concave structure or convex structure pattern, the optical polarization memory film 2 is subjected to an etching treatment to obtain a pattern shown in FIG. Then, the optical polarization memory film 2 is irradiated with a predetermined polarized light by the above-mentioned method disclosed in Japanese Patent Application No. 5-159606 of the prior application to perform the alignment treatment in the in-plane direction of the substrate.

The optical polarization storage film is burnt out with a beam having a high energy density, for example, an infrared laser to form a slope structure as shown in FIG. 1, and thereafter, the Japanese Patent Application No. 5-15 of the prior application.
The optical polarization memory film 2 is irradiated with a predetermined polarized light by the above-described method disclosed in Japanese Patent No. 9606 to perform the alignment treatment in the in-plane direction of the substrate.

A master plate (not shown) in which a mother die having a predetermined slope structure is carved is prepared, and the master plate is pressed against the optical polarization memory film 2 to form the slope structure of FIG. The optical polarization memory film 2 is provided with a predetermined polarized light by the above-described method disclosed in Japanese Patent Application No. 5-159606.
And the alignment treatment in the in-plane direction of the substrate is performed.

The many slope structures formed by the above method may be arranged as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3. 2 and 3 are perspective views showing a slope structure formed by the concave microstructures 4 formed in the optical polarization storage film 2. Of course, the slope structure of the convex microstructure 6 is basically the same.

FIG. 2 shows an example in which the slope structures 6 are uniformly arranged in one direction. In the case of such a uniform arrangement, it can be applied as a method of giving a pretilt to a liquid crystal cell having a general liquid crystal alignment (not a multi-domain structure).

The spacing between the adjacent slope structures 6 in the left-right direction in FIG. 2 may be substantially eliminated as in FIG. 1 (A) and may be arranged continuously, or may be arranged with a certain spacing. May be.

FIG. 3 shows a case where the slope structures 6 are randomly arranged in all directions with equal probability. The example of FIG. 3 can be applied as a method of giving a pretilt angle to a liquid crystal cell having a multi-domain structure which is subjected to the positive alignment treatment disclosed in Japanese Patent Application No. 5-159606.

In this case, one domain may be formed with one slope structure 6 as shown in FIG. 3, or a slope structure with many directions aligned as shown in FIG. 2 may be formed in one domain. You may.

II. Second Method for Generating Pretilt Angle: The method shown in FIG. 4 does not physically process the slope structure in the optical polarization storage film 2 as shown in FIGS. In the process, the polarized light irradiation direction is controlled to give a pretilt angle.

In FIG. 4, as the apparatus for the alignment treatment, the means disclosed in Japanese Patent Application No. 5-159606 of the prior application can be used. However, the optical polarization memory film 2 in which liquid crystal molecules are oriented in the polarization direction 12 of the irradiation polarized light 11 emitted from the light source 10 is used, and the irradiation direction of the irradiation polarized light 11 is inclined at an angle with respect to the vertical line P of the substrate 1.

By using such a method, the liquid crystal molecules are aligned with a pretilt angle θφ in the polarization direction 12 of the irradiation polarized light. In all of the alignments by the optical polarization memory film in the three documents (1) to (3) cited in the section of the description of the prior art, the liquid crystal molecules are aligned at right angles to the polarization direction, so that the pretilt angle is Has not occurred.

III. Third method of generating pretilt angle: As shown in FIG. 5A, as the light polarization memory film 2, for example, polyvinyl 4-methoxycinnamate (Poly) is used.
vinyl 4-methoxycinnamate)
It has been experimentally confirmed that the pretilt angle θφ can be obtained by irradiating the substrate surface with, for example, natural light 13 in which polarized components in all random directions are present.

When natural light is radiated from a direction perpendicular to the substrate on which the photo-alignment memory film is formed, liquid crystal molecules are aligned perpendicularly to the substrate, and a certain pretilt angle is applied to light incident from an oblique direction. Was oriented.

Therefore, by this method, 0 ° to 90 °
The pretilt angle can be controlled up to °. The reason why the pretilt alignment is performed is not clear, but it is considered to be as follows from the property of this resin.

This photo-alignment memory film shown in FIG. 5 (A) is doubled as shown in FIG. 5 (C) by linearly polarized light, polymerizes between the polymers, and has a refractive index perpendicular to the polarization direction. Anisotropy occurs (Generally, when benzene rings are connected,
It is known that a positive anisotropy occurs with the optical axis in the direction of the connection.

When this is used as a liquid crystal alignment film, the liquid crystal is aligned by the van der Waals interaction or the like in an anisotropic direction, that is, at a right angle to the polarization direction. Therefore, when it is irradiated with linearly polarized light, it is oriented in a direction perpendicular to the polarization direction.

However, when natural light (randomly polarized light) is incident from the normal direction of the substrate, the polarization direction on the photo-alignment control film is directed in all planes, so that anisotropy occurs in the plane. Does not happen.

On the other hand, the substrate normal direction (incident direction)
Since the component of is the sum of all directions, the refractive index in that direction is larger than that on the film surface, which causes positive anisotropy with the optical axis in the substrate normal direction, and in that direction The liquid crystal molecules are aligned. When the light is applied obliquely, for the same reason, anisotropy having an axis in the oblique direction according to the incident angle occurs, and a pretilt angle occurs.

Therefore, in order to control the molecular alignment of the liquid crystal including the pretilt angle by such a method, it has been found that a material which causes anisotropy of refractive index with respect to light irradiation may be used. Various materials other than the above examples may be used.

Further, the method of giving the pretilt angle is not limited to the three examples described above, and the same effect can be obtained even if it is generated by a method other than these. For example, in the above-mentioned second method, a material that causes an alignment direction in a direction orthogonal to the polarization direction may be used.

The above-mentioned generation of the pretilt angle and the alignment treatment are carried out in Japanese Patent Application Nos. 4-236652 and 5-159 of the prior application.
No. 606, a liquid crystal cell having a multi-domain structure or an optical polarization memory film for positive alignment treatment, or a liquid crystal display device for which general alignment treatment is performed in a certain direction, and a method for manufacturing the same, and stable. It is possible to obtain a liquid crystal display device having high display quality with uniform and uniform viewing angle characteristics, and a manufacturing method thereof.

The present invention has been described above with reference to the embodiments.
The present invention is not limited to these. For example, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications, improvements, combinations, and the like can be made.

[0058]

EFFECTS OF THE INVENTION The viewing angle dependence is eliminated and various problems due to rubbing treatment can be solved, and by giving a pretilt angle, the rising direction of liquid crystal molecules is regulated and the viewing angle is uniform and completely isotropic over the entire cell. The characteristics are obtained and the display quality is further improved.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a perspective view and a sectional view of a slope structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing an arrangement of multiple slope structures according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing an arrangement of multiple slope structures according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a conceptual diagram of an apparatus for explaining a method of providing a pretilt angle according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a conceptual diagram illustrating a method of providing a pretilt angle according to another embodiment of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1 glass substrate 2 optical polarization memory film 3 slope 4 concave microstructure (slope structure) 5 liquid crystal molecule 6 convex microstructure (slope structure) 7 slope 10 light source 11 polarization 12 polarization direction 13 natural light

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[Procedure amendment]

[Submission date] August 27, 1993

[Procedure Amendment 2]

[Document name to be corrected] Drawing

[Correction target item name] All drawings

[Correction method] Change

[Correction content]

[Figure 1]

[Fig. 2]

[Figure 3]

[Figure 4]

[Figure 5]

Front Page Continuation (72) Inventor Takashi Sugiyama 1-3-1 Edanishi, Midori-ku, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa Stanley Electric Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor Toru Hashimoto 1-3-1 Edanishi, Midori-ku, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa Within Stanley Electric Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor Yasuo Toko 1-3-1 Eda Nishi, Midori-ku, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa Inside Statan Electric Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor Kazuhisa Kato 1-Eda Nishi, Midori-ku, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa 3-1 In Stanley Electric Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor Susuke Kobayashi 3-13-40 Nishioizumi, Nerima-ku, Tokyo (72) Inventor Yasufumi Iimura 2-8-34 Miyato, Asaka-shi, Saitama Twinhow Slime 201

Claims (22)

[Claims] 1. A pair of transparent substrates having a positive alignment structure in which at least one transparent substrate has microscopically aligned alignment directions and macroscopically different alignments, and a liquid crystal layer sandwiched between the pair of substrates. And a surface of the substrate, which has been subjected to the positive alignment treatment, imparts a pretilt angle to liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal layer. 2. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 1, wherein the positive alignment structure includes a large number of minute regions in which alignment directions are uniformly aligned inside. 3. The liquid crystal display element according to claim 2, wherein the positive alignment structure is formed by using a light polarization memory film. 4. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 1, wherein the positive alignment structure is provided on both of the pair of transparent substrates. 5. The orientation of the minute region and the direction of the pretilt in the substrate surface in the substrate surface are
3. The liquid crystal display element according to claim 1, wherein the liquid crystal display elements are distributed in almost all directions in the plane of the substrate with equal probability when viewed as a whole. 6. The liquid crystal display according to claim 2, wherein the liquid crystal layer includes liquid crystal molecules aligned in one direction in each of the minute regions or liquid crystal molecules twisted by a predetermined angle from one of the substrates to the other substrate. element. 7. The liquid crystal display element according to claim 3, wherein the optical polarization storage film has a concave portion or a convex portion formed on the surface thereof, and the concave portion or the convex portion has a surface inclined with respect to the substrate surface. . 8. A liquid crystal display device having a pair of substrates and a liquid crystal layer sandwiched between the substrates, the optical polarization storage film having a positive polarization memory film having a positive alignment function on at least one of the substrates. A liquid crystal display element in which the direction of the refractive index of the film has an angle with respect to the film surface. 9. The liquid crystal display element according to claim 8, wherein the alignment directions are aligned in a fixed direction in the optical polarization storage film. 10. A step of forming an alignment film having optical polarization memory characteristics on the surface of a transparent substrate, a step of forming an inclined structure for giving a pretilt angle to liquid crystal molecules in the alignment film, And irradiating polarized light to control the alignment. 11. The step of forming the tilted structure uses a photosensitive alignment film having the optical polarization memory characteristic, and a concave or convex portion having a surface tilted with respect to the substrate surface on the surface of the alignment film. The liquid crystal alignment treatment method according to claim 10, further comprising a photolithography treatment for forming a film. 12. The step of forming the tilted structure comprises forming a photoresist film on the alignment film, exposing the photoresist film with a predetermined mask pattern, and then forming the substrate surface on the surface of the alignment film. 11. The liquid crystal alignment treatment method according to claim 10, comprising a process of forming a concave portion or a convex portion having a surface inclined with respect to the substrate by etching. 13. The step of forming the inclined structure includes the step of forming a concave portion or a convex portion having a surface inclined with respect to the substrate surface on the surface of the alignment film by irradiation with a high energy beam. A method for aligning a liquid crystal as described. 14. The step of forming the inclined structure comprises pressing a master plate having concaves or convexes formed on a surface of the alignment film to form concaves or convexes having a surface inclined with respect to the substrate surface. The liquid crystal alignment treatment method according to claim 10, further comprising a treatment for forming a film. 15. A process of forming an alignment film having optical polarization memory characteristics on a surface of a transparent substrate, wherein liquid crystal molecules are aligned in a direction related to a polarization direction of a given polarized light, and a vertical axis of the substrate. A method of aligning liquid crystal, which comprises irradiating the alignment film with the polarized light from a tilted direction to control the alignment. 16. The liquid crystal alignment treatment method according to claim 15, wherein the optical polarization memory characteristic causes an alignment direction parallel to the deflection direction. 17. The method for aligning liquid crystal according to claim 15, wherein the optical polarization memory characteristic causes an alignment direction at right angles to the deflection direction. 18. A process of forming an alignment film having optical polarization memory characteristics on a surface of a transparent substrate, wherein liquid crystal molecules are aligned in a direction related to a polarization direction of a given polarization, and a plurality of alignment films are formed on the alignment film. Of irradiating light having different polarization directions to control the alignment of the liquid crystal. 19. The method according to claim 18, wherein the optical polarization memory characteristic causes an alignment direction parallel to the polarization direction. 20. The liquid crystal alignment treatment method according to claim 18, wherein the optical polarization memory characteristic causes an alignment direction perpendicular to the deflection direction. 21. After applying the alignment treatment method according to any one of claims 10 to 20 to at least one of a pair of transparent substrates, a liquid crystal material is injected between the pair of substrates to provide liquid crystal molecules with a pretilt angle. A method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display element, which is characterized by giving. 22. A pair of transparent substrates, at least one of which includes the transparent substrate subjected to the alignment treatment method according to claim 10, and a pretilt provided between the pair of transparent substrates. A liquid crystal display device having a liquid crystal layer.