JPH0748849A - Underwater tunnel - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To economically construct an underwater tunnel in a short period and increase stability and safety. CONSTITUTION:This underwater tunnel is provided with tube bodies 5 set with the tare weight value and tunnel volume value so that the ratio obtained when the sum of the estimated maximum traffic load value and the tare weight value is divided by the tunnel volume value is made smaller than the specific gravity of water. Mooring members each constituted of an anchor body 11, the first support wire 9, the second support wire 10, and a net member 7 are fixed to the sea bottom 2a via the anchor bodies 11. The net members 7 of the mooring members are connected to the tube bodies 5 in the sea 2b.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an underwater tunnel laid in water.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, between land areas separated by straits, lakes, etc., automobiles, rail vehicles, etc. pass between land areas so that cars, rail vehicles, etc. can efficiently pass between them. It was building possible underwater tunnels and long bridges in a form that connects these land areas.

[0003]

However, it took a long time and enormous cost to construct such a subsea tunnel or a long bridge. Further, recently, a tunnel has been proposed in which a tube body or the like having a passage space for a vehicle or the like formed therein is suspended in water because it can be constructed economically in a shorter period of time. However, since the weight applied to the tube body changes due to the increase or decrease of the traffic volume of the traffic space, the tube body rises or sinks. In other words, there is a problem in the stability and safety of the tube body in water due to the vertical movement due to this rise and settling. Therefore, in view of the above circumstances, the present invention provides an underwater tunnel which can be constructed economically in a shorter period of time, and in which vertical movement due to rising and sinking is prevented as much as possible, and stability and safety are high. With the goal.

[0004]

[Means for Solving the Problems] That is, according to the present invention, the ratio obtained by dividing the sum of the expected maximum traffic weight value and the self weight value by the tunnel volume value is smaller than the specific gravity of water. It has a tunnel pipe member (5) in which the weight value and the tunnel volume value are set, and one end is the water bottom (2a).
The anchoring members (7, 9, 10, 11) fixed to
The other end of the anchoring member (7, 9, 10, 11) is connected to water (2
In b), it is configured to be connected to the tunnel pipe member (5). The numbers in parentheses () indicate the corresponding elements in the drawings for convenience, and therefore the present description is not limited to the description in the drawings. The same applies to the following action columns.

[0005]

In the present invention, due to the above-described structure, the levitation force (F1) that constantly tries to ascend upward in the water (2b) is generated in the tunnel pipe member (5) regardless of the increase or decrease in the amount of traffic inside. , Again, tunnel tube members (5)
The supporting force (F2,) is attached to the anchoring members (7, 9, 10, 1).
Always given by 1).

[0006]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. 1 is a perspective view showing an underwater tunnel according to the present invention, FIG. 2 is a schematic sectional view showing the entire underwater tunnel shown in FIG. 1, and FIG. 3 is a sectional view taken along line X1-Y1 of FIG.

As shown in FIG. 2, the tunnel construction area 1 is formed in such a manner that a land 1a (on the left side in FIG. 2) and a land 1b (on the right side in FIG. 2) are separated by a sea 2. In the tunnel construction area 1, an underwater tunnel 3 according to the present invention is constructed and laid so as to connect the land areas 1a and 1b. The underwater tunnel 3 has a tunnel body 3a, and the tunnel body 3a, as shown in FIG.
It is configured by connecting and connecting a plurality of tube bodies 5 formed in a straight tubular shape with watertight precast concrete. That is, joint means (not shown) such as a flange is provided on both ends 5a, 5a of the tube body 5, respectively, and the plurality of tube bodies 5 abut each other at their end portions 5a, and the abutted end portions 5a, 5a are connected and connected in series so as to be joined to each other through the joint means (not shown). Further, in addition to the unillustrated joint means, gaskets 5b, 5b made of rubber or the like in conformity with the ends 5a, 5a are provided at both ends 5a, 5a of the tube body 5 and joined to each other. Gaskets 5b and 5b are sandwiched between the abutting ends 5a and 5a of the tube bodies 5 and 5 such that the gaskets 5b and 5b are in close contact with each other. That is, the space between the tube bodies 5 and 5 joined together is watertight by the gaskets 5b and 5b. In the tunnel body 3a configured by connecting and connecting a plurality of tube bodies 5 as described above, the vicinity of both ends of the tunnel body 3a are located on the land 1a and 1b, respectively, and the portions other than the vicinity of these ends are underwater 2b. Is laid so as to connect the land areas 1a and 1b. It should be noted that reinforced concrete foundations 6 and 6 having underground piles and the like are constructed near the shores of the land 1a and 1b, respectively, in such a manner that they have entered into the sea 2b from the land, and in the vicinity of both ends of the tunnel body 3a, a plurality of The tube body 5 is joined and fixed to the foundations 6 and 6, respectively.

Further, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 3, the plurality of tube bodies 5 (that is, the plurality of tube bodies 5 located in the sea 2b) not bonded and fixed on the foundations 6 and 6 are aramid. Connected in a manner in which a net member 7 formed by weaving a string-shaped member made of fibers or the like in a hexagonal shape is embedded,
The mesh member 7 is in a state in which the cord-shaped member forming the mesh member 7 is inserted into a tubular leader (not shown), that is, in an unbonded state in which the cord-shaped member and the concrete frame of the tube body 5 do not adhere to each other and interfere with each other. It is buried. The mesh member 7 is in the horizontal direction of the tube body 5 and in the direction away from the tube body 5, that is, in the direction of arrow E in the figure, that is, in the left direction of the paper surface of FIG. 3, and in the direction of arrow E ′, that is, in FIG. Between the both side portions 5c, 5c facing the right side of the drawing, the upper portion 5d of the tube body 5 facing the upward direction of the arrow C in the figure is passed, and It is embedded in the tube body 5 along a cylindrical shape (that is, in a semi-cylindrical shape). A net in which a plurality of holes 7a opened to the outer peripheral surface side of the tube body 5 are embedded in the tube body 5 on both side portions 5c, 5c of the tube body 5 which are not bonded and fixed on the foundations 6, 6. The holes 7a are formed so as to communicate with the member 7, and the plurality of holes 7a are arranged in a line along the directions of arrows A and B, which are the axial directions of the tube body 5, and on the opposite sides in the directions of arrows E and E '. The holes are formed at symmetrical positions between the portions 5c and 5c. The hole 7a does not communicate with the internal space 5e of the tube body 5. The first support wire 9 is inserted through each hole 7a, and one end of the first support wire 9 on the side inserted into the hole 7a is joined and fixed to the net member 7. The other end of the first support wire 9 located outside the hole 7a is provided with a first engaging portion 9a such as a hook. The second engaging portion 10a made of a ring or the like is engaged with the first engaging portion 9a, and one end of the second support wire 10 is joined to the second engaging portion 10a. That is, the first support wire 9 and the second support wire 10 are connected to each other via the first engagement portion 9a and the second engagement portion 10a.

An anchor body 11 is connected and provided on one end side of the second support wire 10 opposite to the second engaging portion 10a. The anchor body 11 is made up of a substantially rectangular parallelepiped concrete skeleton that is vertically elongated, and the anchor body 11 is embedded in the seabed 2a with its upper surface 11a being located on the surface of the seabed 2a. . Further, the anchor body 11 includes the second engagement portion 10 of the second support wire 10.
The second engaging portion 10a of the second supporting wire 10 is formed so that the a side projects upward from the upper surface 11a of the anchor body 11.
The second support wire 10 is connected to the second support wire 10 in such a manner that the opposite side thereof is embedded in the anchor body 11. In addition, the plurality of second support wires 10 connected to the plurality of first support wires 9 (three in FIG. 1) existing corresponding to the one side portion 5c of the one tube body 5. The same anchor body 11 is connected and provided (thus, three in FIG. 1). Therefore, a plurality of (three) second support wires 10 are provided in one anchor body 11. A plurality (three) protruding upward from the upper surface 11a of the body 11
The second support wire 10 is embedded in the anchor body 11.

In the inner space 5e of each tube body 5, regardless of whether the tube body 5 is bonded and fixed on the foundations 6, 6, or the tube body 5 is not bonded and fixed, the inner circumference of the tube body 5 A road skeleton 12 of a shape in which an automobile or the like can run is laid in a fixed manner on the surface side, and the road skeletons 12 and 12 are not shown as flexible between the tube bodies 5 and 5 connected to each other. Therefore, an automobile or the like is connected over a plurality of tube bodies 5, and thus over the entire tunnel body 3a, on the road frame 12 where these tube bodies 5 are connected to each other. Can drive.

Here, the tube body 5 in the sea 2b
(In particular, the volume occupied by the tube body 5 that is not bonded and fixed on the foundations 6 and 6 (however, the internal space 5e of the tube body 5)
Is watertight with respect to the outside as described above, and seawater does not enter the inner space 5e, so the inner space 5e is also referred to as a tunnel volume value V0, and the tube body 5 and the tube body 5 are The total weight including the weight of the road frame 12 laid on the tube body 5 is represented as a weight value M0 of the tube body 5, and the tube body 5 is moved by an automobile or the like passing through the tube body 5.
The maximum expected weighting of the weightings added to is expressed as the maximum traffic weighting value M1. Each of the tube bodies 5 (particularly, the tube bodies 5 that are not bonded and fixed on the foundations 6 and 6) has a ratio Q obtained by dividing the sum of the self-weight value M0 and the maximum traffic load value M1 by the tunnel volume value V0. These weight values M0 are set so as to be smaller than the specific gravity of seawater (approximately 1).
And the tunnel volume value V0 are preset. In other words, due to the difference in specific gravity (that is, the difference between the ratio Q, etc. and the specific gravity of water), the tube body 5 in the sea 2b is not affected by the increase or decrease in the weight due to the increase or decrease in the amount of automobiles passing through the tube body 5. The levitation force F1 always acts upward, that is, in the direction of arrow C. However, on the other hand, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 3, the tube body 5 has a plurality of second support wires 10 fixedly supported on the seabed 2a by connecting the anchor body 11.
And a plurality of first support wires 9 connected to these second support wires 10 and a net member 7 joined to these first support wires 9 so that they are supported so as not to float upward, The tube body 5 includes a plurality of first support wires 9 on one side 5c side, a plurality of first support wires 9 on the other side 5c, and a tension T1 of the second support wire 10. The support force F2, which is the resultant force of the tension T1 of the second support wire 10, is directed downward from the mesh member 7 by the arrow D in the figure.
Receive in the direction. That is, the tube body 5 is supported by the underwater 2b in such a manner that the levitation force F1 acting on the tube body 5 and the supporting force F2 are always in balance with each other, and the levitation force F1 and the supporting force F2 which are vertical forces. Since the tube body 5 is always balanced regardless of the increase / decrease in the traffic volume, the tube body 5 is always prevented from moving up and down in the sea 2b as much as possible, and is always stable. Further, since the tube body 5 is always stable, the passage of a vehicle or the like passing through the inside of the tunnel body 3a is stable, so that the safety is high.

Both side portions 5c, 5c of each tube body 5
Anchor bodies 11 and 1 provided corresponding to
Reference numeral 1 is provided at a position slightly below the tube body 5, that is, at a position slightly away from the position on the arrow D side of the tube body 5 from the position directly below the tube body 5 toward the arrow E side or the arrow E ′ side. . Therefore, of the set of the first support wire 9 and the second support wire 10 which are connected to each other between the tube body 5 and the anchor body 11, two first support bodies which are symmetrical between both side portions 5c, 5c of the tube body 5. Wire 9 and second support wire 10
Exist in the form of forming two sides of an isosceles triangle whose virtual vertex is near the upper portion 5d of the tube body 5.

The amount of tension of the first support wire 9 and the second support wire 10 changes due to the change in stress due to the ocean current 15 acting on the tube body 5, and the tension of the string-like member forming the net member 7 is changed. The degree of tension changes. However, as described above, the string-like member forming the net member 7 is in an unbonded state in which the string-like member and the concrete frame of the tube body 5 are not attached and interfered with each other by being inserted into the leader (not shown). Since they are embedded in the tube body 5, these cord-like members are appropriately displaced according to changes in the degree of tension and the like, and accordingly, a local force is not applied between the cord body and the tube body 5 as much as possible. It has become. That is, since the forces acting between the net member 7 and the tube body 5 are such that they do not act at the local positions of the net member 7 and the tube body 5 as much as possible,
Also, the durability of the tube body 5 is improved as much as possible, and the reliability in preventing damage is also improved.

Since the tunnel construction area 1 and the underwater tunnel 3 according to the present invention are constructed as described above, the construction of the underwater tunnel 3 in the tunnel construction area 1 is as follows. That is, a large number of tube bodies 5 are manufactured in a manufacturing plant (not shown) for manufacturing the tube bodies 5 and the like constructed near the land 1a or the land 1b. As described above, the tube body 5 is joined and fixed on the bases 6 and 6 by joining and fixing on the bases 6 and 6 (that is, the tube body 5 on which the net member 7 and the like are not provided). Two types, that is, the tube body 5 (that is, the tube body 5 on which the net member 7 and the like are provided) that are not manufactured, are manufactured in required numbers. Since the tube body 5 is manufactured in a stable working environment on land, the quality of the tube body 5 is high. In addition, since it is mass-produced, economical cost is reduced as much as possible. Next, the reinforced concrete foundations 6, 6 having underground piles and the like near the shores of the land 1a, 1b were respectively constructed in such a manner that they entered from the land into the sea, and the manufactured tube body 5 (that is, the net member 7 etc. The tube bodies 5) which are not provided are transported by land to these foundations 6 and 6, respectively, and a plurality of tube bodies 5 are provided.
Are fixed to the bases 6 and 6, respectively. The two adjacent tube bodies 5 are connected and connected in series so that the end portions 5a, 5a are joined to each other via the joint means (not shown). Further, of the plurality of tube bodies 5 joined and fixed on the bases 6, 6, the tube bodies 5, 5 on the most offshore side, that is, on the arrow G side in the figure, are on the offshore side, that is, the end portions 5a on the arrow G side, respectively. 5a are present in the sea 2b, and these end portions 5a, 5a are provided with temporary bulkheads (not shown) capable of closing seawater in the internal space 5e of the tube body 5, respectively. The internal spaces 5e, 5e of the above are both maintained in a state of no seawater.

Next, among the plurality of tube bodies 5 joined and fixed on the foundations 6, 6 on the land 1a, 1b side, the undersea 2 is connected to the tube bodies 5, 5 on the most arrow G side, respectively.
The tube bodies 5 are connected and laid one by one to b in the direction of the arrow G as follows. In addition, hereinafter, the tube body 5 closest to the arrow G among the plurality of existing tube bodies 5
Will be referred to as the most distal tube body 5, and the tube body 5 connected and laid following the most distal tube body 5 will be referred to as a new tube body 5. That is, the work of connecting and laying a new tube body 5 to each tube body 5 on the most distal side corresponds to the planned laying position of the new tube body 5 to be laid first, and is a work platform not shown. An anchor body 11 corresponding to a new tube body 5 to be laid is installed at a predetermined position of the seabed 2a by an unillustrated excavator such as a grab installed in
Are excavated to a size corresponding to these anchor bodies 11, 11. Next, the two anchor bodies 11 and 11 connected to the second support wire 10 are transported to the sea above these installation holes 13 and 13 via a crane-equipped barge or the like (not shown), and the anchor body is carried by a crane (not shown). 11, 11
Are lifted down and dropped into the sea 2b, and are inserted and installed in these installation holes 13 and 13, respectively. Next, a new tube body 5 provided with the mesh member 7 and the first support wire 9 manufactured in the manufacturing plant (not shown),
The anchor bodies 11, 11 installed as described above are transported to the sea above, and the new tube body 5 is lifted by a crane (not shown) and lowered into the sea 2b. In addition,
The descent of the new tube body 5 is performed by injecting seawater into the inner space 5e of the tube body 5, so that the new tube body 5 can descend in the sea 2b by its own weight.
After lowering the new tube body 5 to a predetermined position, the tube body 5 on the most distal side and the new tube body 5 are connected to these end portions 5a while maintaining the lifting by a crane (not shown). Joining connection is made at 5a. A temporary bulkhead (not shown) is provided at the end 5a of the new tube body 5 on the arrow G side. In addition to the joint connection, the plurality of first support wires 9 on both side portions 5c, 5c of the new tube body 5, and the installed anchor body 11,
The plurality of second support wires 10 connected to 11 are connected to each other via the first engaging member 9a and the second engaging member 10a. Then, by opening and removing a temporary bulkhead (not shown) of the tube body 5 on the most distal side, a new internal space 5e of the tube body 5 and
To communicate with the inner space 5e of the tube body 5 on the most distal side,
Therefore, the internal space 5e of the new tube body 5, the internal spaces 5e of the existing plurality of tube bodies 5, and the land 1a (or the land 1b) are communicated with each other. In addition, the seawater that has filled the internal space 5e of the new tube body 5 is opened and removed by the temporary bulkhead (not shown) of the tube body 5 on the most distal side, and a plurality of existing tubes are provided by a predetermined pump or the like (not shown). Water is drained to the land 1a (or land 1b) side through the internal space 5e of the body 5. After the drainage is completed, the lifting of the new tube body 5 by a crane (not shown) is released.
By the way, the drainage of the internal space 5e of the new tube body 5 eliminates the weight of the new tube body 5 due to the seawater filling the internal space 5e, and the self-weight value M0 of the new tube body 5 is reduced. The new tube body 5
The ratio divided by the tunnel volume value V0 becomes smaller than the specific gravity of water, and the levitation force F1 is generated as shown in FIG. In addition, the new tube body 5 includes anchor bodies 11 and 11
A plurality of second supporting wires 10, a plurality of first supporting wires 9 and a net member 7 connected to the above act on a supporting force F2 in a form balanced with the levitation force F1. That is, even if the lifting of the new tube body 5 is released, the new tube body 5 is supported at a predetermined position in the sea 2b without sinking or floating. With the above, the work of connecting and laying the new tube body 5 to the tube body 5 on the most distal side is completed, and the newly laid and connected tube body 5 is the leading edge in the work of connecting and laying the next tube body 5. It becomes the tube body 5 on the side.

Subsequently, the land 1a, 1
Work of connecting and laying new tube bodies 5 and 5 following the tube bodies 5 and 5 on the most arrow G side among the existing tube bodies 5 on the b side, that is, the tube bodies 5 and 5 on the most distal side, respectively. I do. That is, the installation holes 13 and 13 are installed at the planned installation position of each new tube body 5 to be installed.
Excavate the anchor body 11,
11 is inserted and installed, the new tube body 5 is lowered to a predetermined position in the sea 2b, and the tube body 5 on the most distal side and the new tube body 5 are joined and connected while maintaining the lifting weight. The plurality of first support wires 9 of the new tube body 5 and the plurality of second support wires 10 of the installed anchor bodies 11 and 11 are connected to each other to form a new tube body 5
5e of the inner space and the inner space 5 of the tube body 5 on the most distal side
The internal space 5 of the new tube body 5 that communicates with e
The work of draining e and releasing the lifting of the new tube body 5 is performed. In this way, the connecting work of the tube bodies 5 is repeated until the end portions 5a, 5a of the tube bodies 5, 5 on the most distal side of the existing tube bodies 5 on the land 1a, 1b side meet each other in the sea. After that, the tube bodies 5 and 5 on the most distal side that have met each other are joined and connected to each other at their ends 5a and 5a to complete the tunnel body 3a extending between the land 1a and 1b. After the tunnel body 3a is completed, the ends 5a, 5 of the tube bodies 5, 5 on the most distal side are
By opening and removing temporary bulkheads (not shown) provided in a, the inner spaces 5e and 5e of the tube bodies 5 and 5 on the most distal side are communicated with each other, so that the inside of the tunnel body 3a is landed on the land 1a, The underwater tunnel 3 is completed by communicating between 1b. As described above, in laying and constructing the underwater tunnel 3 according to the present invention, it is not necessary to construct the tube body 5 at the site, that is, in the sea 2b or the like, and it is constructed at the land 1a, 1b or the like, transported to the site, and installed. Therefore, the underwater tunnel 3 can be constructed economically in the shortest possible time.

In the above-mentioned embodiment, the underwater tunnel 3 according to the present invention is constructed so that the land 1a, 1b is connected to each other, and therefore has the foundations 6, 6 on the land 1a, 1b side. The tunnel body 3a also had a portion bonded and fixed to the foundations 6, 6. However, when the underwater tunnel 3 according to the present invention is constructed so as to connect between two points in the sea 2b (for example, between two oilfield drilling bases, etc.), the underwater tunnel 3 is constructed with the foundations 6 and 6. The tunnel body 3a can also be constructed without a portion bonded and fixed to the foundation 6,6.

Further, in the above-described embodiment, the tunnel body 3a of the underwater tunnel 3 according to the present invention is constituted by the plurality of tube bodies 5. However, one end of the underwater tunnel 3 according to the present invention is fixed to the seabed 2a. The net member 7, the first support wire 9, the second support wire 10, the anchor body 11 and other anchoring members are connected to the other end and are constituted by one or more tube bodies 5 supported in the sea 2b. However, the number of the tube bodies 5 is not limited.

As described above, in the underwater tunnel according to the present invention, the sum of the expected maximum traffic weight value such as the maximum traffic weight value M1 and the self weight value such as the self weight value M0 is calculated as the tunnel volume value V0. The tube body 5 in which the self-weight value and the tunnel volume value are set so that the ratio such as the ratio Q obtained by dividing by the tunnel volume value becomes smaller than the specific gravity of water.
An anchoring member such as a net member 7, a first supporting wire 9, a second supporting wire 10 and an anchor body 11 having a tunnel pipe member such as the one end fixed to the water bottom such as the seabed 2a is provided. Since the other end is configured to be connected to the tunnel pipe member in water such as underwater 2b, in the tunnel pipe member, regardless of the increase or decrease in the amount of traffic inside the tunnel pipe member,
A levitation force F1 that always attempts to levitate upward in water is generated, and a supporting force F2 balanced with the levitation force F1 is always applied to the tunnel tube member by the anchoring member. That is, the vertical force acting on the tunnel pipe member is always balanced regardless of the increase / decrease in the passing amount, and the vertical movement of the tunnel pipe member is prevented as much as possible in water, and is always stable. Further, since the tunnel pipe member is always stable, the passage of vehicles passing through the inside of the tunnel pipe member is stable, and therefore the safety is high. Further, in the underwater tunnel according to the present invention, it is not necessary to construct the tunnel pipe member in the field, that is, underwater, and the tunnel pipe member is constructed on land or the like,
Since the tunnel pipe member can be installed at the site, the underwater tunnel can be constructed economically in the shortest possible time.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing an underwater tunnel according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the entire underwater tunnel shown in FIG.

FIG. 3 is a sectional view taken along line X1-Y1 of FIG.

[Explanation of symbols]

 2a ... water bottom (seabed ground) 2b ... underwater (undersea) 3 ... underwater tunnel 5 ... tunnel pipe member (tube body) 7 ... tethering member (net member) 9 ... tethering member (first supporting wire) 10 ... Mooring member (second support wire) 11 ... Mooring member (anchor body)

Front Page Continuation (72) Inventor Shohachiro Daimaru 1-35 Sayaya, Hakata-ku, Fukuoka-shi, Fukuoka Hakata Mitsui Building No. 2 Building Mitsui Construction Co., Ltd. Kyushu Branch

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. The self-weight value and the tunnel volume value are set such that a ratio obtained by dividing an expected sum of the maximum traffic weight value and the self-weight value by the tunnel volume value is smaller than the specific gravity of water. An underwater tunnel having an anchoring member having one end fixed to the bottom of the water, and the other end of the anchoring member being connected to the tunnel pipe member in water.