JPH073360A - Wear-resistant part items by metallic composite material - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To provide the wear-resistant part items by a metallic composite material easy to process by concentrating and dispersing a ceramic grain on the region needing wear resistance and preventing the dispersion of the ceramic grain on a portion to be processed. CONSTITUTION:The wear-resistant part is a propeller 1 formed by a metallic composite material in which a ceramic grain is dispersed in an aluminum alloy, and the ceramic grain 8 is segregated in the limited part of the propeller 1, especially in the blade 6.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a propeller for a propulsion machine,
The present invention relates to wear-resistant parts made of metal-based composite materials used for gears of various devices, engine pistons, cam shafts, valve lifters, and the like.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art For example, a metal-based composite material in which ceramic particles are dispersed in an aluminum alloy has high strength and high wear resistance. Therefore, its excellent characteristics are utilized as a sliding member or a wear resistant member. It's starting. Such metal-based composite materials are used, for example, for molding wear-resistant parts such as propellers for propulsion machines, gears for various devices, engine pistons, camshafts, and valve lifters.

[0003]

However, the fact that a metal-based composite material in which ceramic particles are dispersed in such an aluminum alloy is excellent in sliding and wear resistance, on the other hand, it is formed by the metal-based composite material. This is an obstacle to the machining of parts such as cutting.

The present invention has been made in view of the above point, and concentrates the ceramic particles on a portion where abrasion resistance is required,
It is an object of the present invention to provide a wear-resistant part made of a metal-based composite material that is dispersed and on the other hand prevents ceramic particles from being dispersed in a portion to be processed and is easily machined.

[0005]

In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the invention of a wear-resistant part made of a metal-based composite material according to claim 1 is formed by a metal-based composite material in which ceramic particles are dispersed in an aluminum alloy. The above-mentioned ceramic particles are segregated locally on the part.

[0006]

According to the invention of claim 1, the wear-resistant part made of a metal-based composite material is a part made of a metal-based composite material in which ceramic particles are dispersed in an aluminum alloy,
Ceramic particles are segregated locally in this part. For this reason, the ceramic particles are concentrated and dispersed in the wear-resistant parts where the wear resistance is required, and on the other hand, the ceramic particles are prevented from being dispersed in the parts to be processed and the machining is easy.

[0007]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Embodiments of wear resistant parts made of the metal-based composite material of the present invention will be described below in detail with reference to the drawings.

First, FIGS. 1 and 2 show an outboard motor propeller as a wear-resistant component made of a metal-based composite material. FIG. 1 is a front view of the outboard motor propeller, and FIG. 2 is a line II-II in FIG. FIG.

The propeller 1 of the outboard motor has an inner cylindrical portion 2 and an outer cylindrical portion 3.
The inner cylindrical portion 2 and the outer cylindrical portion 3 are connected by three partition walls 4 extending in the axial direction. Inner cylinder part 2 for propeller 1
An exhaust gas passage 5 is formed between the outer cylinder part 3 and the outer cylinder part 3 by the partition wall 4, and the outer cylinder part 3 is integrally provided with three blades 6. The inner cylinder portion 2 of this propeller 1 is a propeller shaft 7 of the propulsion unit.
, The power of the engine of the propulsion device is transmitted to the propeller shaft 7, and the propeller 1 rotates integrally. Exhaust gas from the engine of the propulsion device is discharged into the water through the exhaust gas passage 5 of the propeller 1.

The propeller 1 is a component formed of a metal-based composite material in which ceramic particles are dispersed in an aluminum alloy. The propeller 1 is formed by segregating the ceramic particles 8 on a local portion of the component, particularly on the blade 6. .

Next, the production of wear-resistant parts made of this metal-based composite material will be described in detail. Wear-resistant parts made of metal-based composite materials use a metal-based composite material in which a plurality of ceramic particles with different specific gravities are dispersed in an aluminum alloy, and the difference in specific gravity of dispersed particles is determined by centrifugal casting while maintaining the molten metal at a certain temperature. Utilized to locally segregate the ceramic particles in the part.

Therefore, it is possible to prevent the dispersion of the ceramic particles at the portion where the wear resistant component made of the metal-based composite material is to be processed and to facilitate the mechanical processing. Further, it is possible to ensure the concentration and dispersion of the ceramic particles in the wear resistant parts of the metal-based composite material where the wear resistance is required. Also,
It is possible to impart a functionally graded characteristic of a wear resistant component made of a metal-based composite material and maintain the continuity of the characteristic. Further, since it is not necessary to uniformly disperse the ceramic particles throughout the wear-resistant component made of the metal-based composite material, the amount of the ceramic particles added is reduced and the castability is improved. Further, the material cost can be reduced by reducing the addition amount of the ceramic particles.

As the ceramic particles, for example, Al
₂ O ₃ (3.9), SiC (3.2), SiO ₂ (2.
2), ZrO ₂ (6.0), Shirasu balloon (2.
2) and BN (1.9). here,
Numbers in parentheses indicate specific gravity.

For example, an Al--Si alloy base material having a specific gravity of 2.7 and ceramic particles having a different specific gravity of S
When iC (3.2) and BN (1.9) are dispersed and the propeller 1 is molded by the centrifugal casting method while keeping the molten metal at a certain temperature, SiC (3.
2), BN (1.9) is segregated and molded in the inner cylindrical portion 2. It is preferable to use an Al-Si alloy base material for the propeller 1, which allows heat treatment and improves castability.

Further, for example, Al ₂ O ₃ (3.9) and BN (1.9) are dispersed as ceramic particles having different specific gravities in an Al-Mg alloy base material having a specific gravity of 2.7, When the propeller 1 is formed by the centrifugal casting method while maintaining the molten metal at a certain temperature, Al ₂ O ₃ is formed on the outer circumference of the blade 6 of the propeller 1.
(3.9) is formed by segregating BN (1.9) in the inner cylindrical portion 2. It is preferable to use an Al-Mg alloy base material for the propeller 1, and this improves the corrosion resistance of the propeller 1.

Thus, the propeller 1 is formed by centrifugal casting using the difference in specific gravity between the aluminum alloy and the ceramic particles, and the ceramic particles 8 are dispersed locally on the propeller 1, particularly at the tips of the blades 6. Segregate.

Therefore, it is possible to prevent the ceramic particles 8 from being dispersed in the portion of the propeller 1 to be machined on the side of the inner cylinder portion 2 and to facilitate the machining of the inner cylinder portion 2. Further, it is possible to ensure the concentration and dispersion of the ceramic particles 8 at the position where the wear resistance of the tip portion of the blade 6 of the propeller 1 is required. Also, propeller 1
It is possible to improve the discontinuity of strength characteristics by imparting functional gradient characteristics to the. Further, since it is not necessary to uniformly disperse the ceramic particles 8 in the entire propeller 1, the addition amount of the ceramic particles 8 is small and the castability is improved.

Next, FIGS. 3 and 4 show a gear as a wear-resistant component made of a metal-based composite material, and FIG. 3 is a front view of the gear,
FIG. 4 is a sectional view taken along the line IV-IV in FIG.

The gear 10 has a shaft portion 11 and a tooth portion 12, and the shaft portion 11 and the tooth portion 12 are integrally formed. The gear 10 is fixed to, for example, a shaft 11 on a rotary shaft 13, and its teeth 12 mesh with another gear 14 or the like to transmit power.

The gear 10 is a component formed of a metal-based composite material in which ceramic particles are dispersed in an aluminum alloy, and a ceramic is formed on a local portion of the gear 10, particularly on a tooth portion 12 of the gear 10 which requires wear resistance. It is formed by segregating the particles 15. The gear 10 is formed by utilizing the difference in specific gravity between the aluminum alloy and the ceramic particles by a centrifugal casting method, and by segregating the ceramic particles 15 locally on the gear 10, especially on the tooth portion 12, wear resistance is improved. The ceramic particles 15 are surely dispersed in the necessary tooth portions 12 of the gear 10 to improve the machinability of the shaft portion 11 of the gear 10.

For example, Al--Si alloy base material and Al--S
It is preferable to disperse the ceramic particles having different specific gravities in the i-Cu alloy base material to form the gear 10, which allows heat treatment and improves castability.

As described above, since the metal-based composite material in which the ceramic particles are dispersed in the aluminum alloy has high strength and high wear resistance, a means for reducing the weight of the gear 10 while maintaining the wear resistance is obtained. As a result, it is possible to prevent the dispersion of the ceramic particles 15 on the shaft portion 11 at the location to be processed by surely dispersing the ceramic particles 15 on the tooth portion 12 of the gear 10 that requires wear resistance. , Facilitate machining. Further, the gear 10 can be provided with a functional inclination property, and further, since it is not necessary to uniformly disperse the ceramic particles 15, the addition amount of the ceramic particles 15 is small and the castability is improved.

Next, FIG. 5 is a sectional view showing a piston as a wear resistant component made of a metal-based composite material.

The piston 20 has a piston head portion 21, a skirt portion 22 and a boss portion 23.
1, the skirt portion 22 and the boss portion 23 are integrally formed,
A piston ring groove 24 is formed in the piston head 21. The piston 20 is provided in a cylinder 25 of the engine so as to be capable of reciprocating, and the boss portion 23 has a connecting rod 2
A piston pin 27 that connects to 6 is inserted, and a piston ring 28 is fitted in the piston ring groove 24.

The piston 20 is a component formed of a metal-based composite material in which ceramic particles are dispersed in an aluminum alloy, and the piston 20 has a local portion, particularly a piston head portion 21 and a piston ring groove 24 which require heat resistance. Is formed by segregating the ceramic particles 29.

The piston 20 is formed by centrifugal casting using the difference in specific gravity between the aluminum alloy and the ceramic particles, and the ceramic particles 29 are locally formed on the piston 20, particularly in the piston head 21 and the piston ring groove 24. By segregating, the ceramic particles 29 are surely dispersed in the piston head 21 and the piston ring groove 24, which require heat resistance, and the machinability of the boss portion 23 of the piston 20 is improved.

For example, in an Al-Si-Cu alloy base material,
It is preferable to disperse the ceramic particles to form the piston 20, which allows heat treatment and improves castability. Further, in order to suppress thermal expansion of the piston 20, Ni
Is added or the amount of Si is increased.

As described above, since the metal-based composite material in which the ceramic particles are dispersed in the aluminum alloy has the characteristics of high strength and high heat resistance, the piston 20 requiring heat resistance has excellent characteristics. By reliably dispersing the ceramic particles 29 in the piston head portion 21 and the piston ring groove 24 that can be used and requires heat resistance, it is possible to prevent the ceramic particles from being dispersed in the boss portion 23 to be processed and facilitate machining. To do. In addition, since the piston 20 can be provided with a functionally inclined holding property, and since it is not necessary to uniformly disperse the ceramic particles 29, the addition amount of the ceramic particles 29 is small and the castability is improved. Further, the heat resistance of the piston head portion 21 is improved to prevent deformation, and the heat resistance of the piston ring groove 24 can be improved.

Next, FIGS. 6 and 7 show a camshaft as a wear-resistant component made of a metal-based composite material, FIG. 6 is a side view of the camshaft, and FIG. 7 is a sectional view taken along line VII-VII of FIG. is there.

The camshaft 30 includes a shaft portion 31 and a cam portion 32.
And the shaft portion 31 and the cam portion 32 are integrally formed,
Further, a nose portion 33 is formed on the cam portion 32.
A shaft portion 31 of the cam shaft 30 is rotatably supported by a bearing 34, and a cam portion 32 having a nose portion 33 pushes a rocker arm 35.

The camshaft 30 is a component formed of a metal-based composite material in which ceramic particles are dispersed in an aluminum alloy, and the camshaft 30 is securely attached to a local portion thereof, particularly to the cam portion 32 requiring abrasion resistance. Ceramic particles 3
6 are dispersed and molded.

The camshaft 30 is formed by utilizing the difference in specific gravity between the aluminum alloy and the ceramic particles by centrifugal casting while keeping the molten metal at a certain temperature, to locally segregate the dispersed particles on the camshaft 30. Thus, the ceramic particles 36 are surely dispersed in the cam portion 32 requiring wear resistance, and the machinability of the shaft portion 31 of the cam shaft 30 is improved.

For example, Al-Si alloy base material or Al-S
It is preferable to disperse ceramic particles having different specific gravities in the i-Cu alloy base material to form the camshaft 30, which enables heat treatment and improves castability.

As described above, since the metal-based composite material in which the ceramic particles are dispersed in the aluminum alloy has the characteristics of high strength and high wear resistance, it is excellent for the camshaft 30 requiring wear resistance. By surely dispersing the ceramic particles 36 in the cam portion 32, which can utilize the characteristics and requires wear resistance, the ceramic particles 36 are prevented from being dispersed in the shaft portion 31 at the processing portion, and the machining is facilitated. . In addition, since the functional inclination can be imparted to the camshaft 30 and the ceramic particles 36 need not be uniformly dispersed, the addition amount of the ceramic particles 36 is small and the castability is improved.

Next, another production of the wear-resistant component made of this metal-based composite material will be described in detail. Using a metal-based composite material in which a plurality of ceramic particles having different specific gravities are dispersed in an aluminum alloy, the mold temperature is locally controlled during casting, and the solidification rate is locally controlled to segregate the dispersed particles.

Therefore, it is possible to prevent the dispersion of the ceramic particles at the portion where the wear-resistant component made of the metal-based composite material is to be processed and to facilitate the machining. Further, it is possible to ensure the concentration and dispersion of the ceramic particles in the wear resistant parts of the metal-based composite material where the wear resistance is required. Also,
It is possible to impart a functionally graded characteristic of a wear resistant component made of a metal-based composite material and maintain the continuity of the characteristic. Further, since it is not necessary to uniformly disperse the wear-resistant parts made of the metal-based composite material, the amount of the ceramic particles added is reduced and the castability is improved. Further, the amount of the ceramic particles added to the wear-resistant component made of the metal-based composite material is reduced, and the material cost can be reduced.

Next, the wear-resistant parts produced by this manufacturing are shown in FIG.
And it demonstrates based on FIG. FIG. 8 is a sectional view of a valve lifter as a wear resistant component made of a metal-based composite material, and FIG. 9 is a view showing a manufacturing state of the valve lifter.

The valve lifter 40 includes a lifter head 41,
It has a skirt portion 42 and a boss portion 43, and the lifter head portion 41, the skirt portion 42 and the boss portion 43 are integrally formed. The valve lifter 40 is supported by the cylinder head 44, and the lifter head 41 is in contact with the cam portion 46 of the cam shaft 45. The head portion of the valve 47 is in contact with the boss portion 43 of the valve lifter 40, and the head portion of the valve 47 is provided with a retainer 61 via a cotter 60. The rotation of the cam shaft 45 causes the cam portion 46 to rotate.
The valve 47 is pushed by the valve lifter 40.

The valve lifter 40 is a component formed of a metal-based composite material in which ceramic particles 48 are dispersed in an aluminum alloy. The valve lifter 40 includes a local portion of the valve lifter 40, particularly a lifter head 41 requiring wear resistance. Boss 4
3 is formed by segregating ceramic particles 48.
This valve lifter 40 has a cooling zone mold 50 during casting.
By locally controlling the mold temperature by using the heating zone mold 51 and locally controlling the solidification rate to segregate the dispersed ceramic particles, the lifter head 41 and the boss 43 which are required to have wear resistance can be formed. The ceramic particles 48 are surely dispersed to improve the machinability of the skirt portion 42 of the valve lifter 40.

For example, Al-Si alloy base material or Al-S
It is preferable to disperse ceramic particles having different specific gravities in the i-Cu alloy base material to form the camshaft 30, which enables heat treatment and improves castability.

As described above, since the metal-based composite material in which the ceramic particles are dispersed in the aluminum alloy has the characteristics of high strength and high wear resistance, it is excellent for the valve lifter 40 requiring wear resistance. By reliably dispersing the ceramic particles 48 in the lifter head portion 41 and the boss portion 43, which can utilize the characteristics and require wear resistance, it is possible to prevent the ceramic particles 48 from being dispersed in the skirt portion 42 to be processed. Makes processing easier. Also, the valve lifter 40
It is possible to improve the discontinuity of mechanical properties by imparting a functional gradient property to the powder, and since it is not necessary to uniformly disperse the ceramic particles 48 throughout, the addition amount of the ceramic particles 48 is small and the castability is good. Is improved.

Next, another production of the wear-resistant component made of this metal-based composite material will be described in detail. An aluminum alloy material in which ceramic particles are compounded is previously placed in a mold at a position where abrasion resistance is required at the time of casting, and then cast with a normal aluminum alloy to be cast. Alternatively, a large frame is formed in advance from an ordinary aluminum alloy material, the large frame is arranged in a mold, and then an aluminum alloy in which ceramic particles are compounded is cast.

Since the metal-based composite material in which ceramic particles are dispersed in aluminum alloy has high strength and high wear resistance, the propeller, piston, valve lifter, etc. of the outboard motor which require wear resistance are required. In addition to its excellent characteristics, the ceramic particles are surely dispersed in the tip of the blade of the propeller, the piston head of the piston, the slipper of the valve lifter, etc., which require wear resistance, so that Prevents ceramic particle dispersion and facilitates machining. Further, it is possible to impart a functionally tilting property to a propeller, a piston, a valve lifter and the like, and further, since it is not necessary to uniformly disperse the ceramic particles, the addition amount of the ceramic particles is small and the castability is improved. Further, since it is not necessary to make the entire propeller, piston, valve lifter and the like out of a composite material, the castability is improved.

[0044]

As described above, according to the first aspect of the present invention, the wear resistant part made of the metal-based composite material is a part made of the metal-based composite material in which the ceramic particles are dispersed in the aluminum alloy. Since the ceramic particles are segregated locally, the ceramic particles are concentrated and dispersed in the parts where wear resistance of the wear resistant parts is required, while preventing the dispersion of ceramic particles in the parts to be machined and machining. Is easy.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a front view of a propeller of an outboard motor.

FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken along line II-II in FIG.

FIG. 3 is a front view of a gear.

FIG. 4 is a sectional view taken along line IV-IV in FIG.

FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view showing a piston as a wear resistant component made of a metal-based composite material.

FIG. 6 is a side view of a camshaft.

7 is a sectional view taken along line VII-VII of FIG.

FIG. 8 is a sectional view of a valve lifter as a wear resistant component made of a metal-based composite material.

FIG. 9 is a view showing a manufacturing state of the valve lifter.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1 Propeller 6 Blade 8 Ceramic particles

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A component formed of a metal-based composite material in which ceramic particles are dispersed in an aluminum alloy, wherein the ceramic particles are segregated locally in the component. Wear resistant parts.