JPH07111629B2 - Electronic musical instrument - Google Patents

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to an electronic musical instrument that controls musical tones based on musical tone control information such as so-called aftertouch.

(B) Conventional Technology Various proposals have been made in the past to improve the expressiveness of electronic musical instruments, one of which is the control of musical tones by aftertouch data. In the case of an electronic keyboard instrument, for example, aftertouch data is data that detects the pressing force and key pressing depth of a key during key depression.This data is generally used to control the pitch of musical tones and the depth of vibrato. Used. Further, the musical tone control information such as after-touch data can be detected not only in the electronic keyboard instrument but also in the electronic musical instrument such as the electronic wind instrument as the breath intensity for controlling the musical tone being sounded. If the (sequencer) also stores such information, it can be output as MIDI data for musical tone control.

(C) Problem to be Solved by the Invention By the way, since the after-touch data is hardly detected immediately after the key is turned on and then gradually rises, the musical sound is controlled based on the after-touch data immediately after the key is turned on. In this case, for example, if it is pitch control, the pitch gradually converges from a very low pitch to a correct pitch, and there is a drawback that the pitch at the time of rising of a musical tone becomes extremely unstable. Such a change in pitch is good when playing a musical instrument sound of a wind instrument, but is extremely inconvenient when playing a musical instrument sound such as a percussion instrument or a string instrument. For this reason, a method has been proposed in which initial touch data is used as a substitute for aftertouch data immediately after the start of sounding, as in the electronic musical instrument shown in Japanese Examined Patent Publication No. S63-42268. The pitch and other factors were decided, and there was a drawback that the instability at the beginning of the musical tone could not be escaped.

In view of the above drawbacks of the related art, the present invention provides an electronic musical instrument with improved performance expressive ability by specifying whether or not to perform musical tone control based on the above-mentioned after-touch data etc. immediately after the musical tone generation starts. The purpose is to

(D) Means for Solving the Problem The present invention relates to performance information generating means (1, 2) for generating performance information indicating generation of a musical sound and a pitch of the generated musical sound.
And a sound source means (9) for generating a tone signal based on the performance information, and a control data generating means (1) for generating control data corresponding to a tone control operation by a performer while the tone signal is being generated by the tone generator means. , 3) and musical tone control data corresponding to the difference between the control data and a predetermined offset value, and the musical tone control data for supplying the musical tone control data to the sound source means to change the state of the musical tone signal. Forming means (4, n34, n35),
Designating means (n7 to n9) for instructing the tone control data forming means whether or not to forcibly reset the value of the tone control data supplied to the sound source means for a predetermined period immediately after the start of tone generation. , n33, n36, n37, n41)
And having.

(E) Operation of the Invention In the electronic musical instrument of the present invention, the tone generator means generates a tone signal based on performance information indicating generation of a tone and a pitch of the tone. This musical tone signal has its musical tone state (sound generation level, pitch, etc.) changed and controlled by the musical tone control data formed based on the control data (aftertouch data etc.) corresponding to the musical tone control operation of the player. In this case, since the musical tone control data is formed in correspondence with the difference between the control data and the predetermined offset value, the musical tone control data moves up and down with the offset value as a reference (center) as the control data changes. Changes to.
As a result, for example, the musical tone pitch can be changed up and down around the reference pitch.

The tone control data has two modes. In the first mode (normal mode in the embodiment),
Immediately after the start of the generation of the musical sound, a value corresponding to the difference between the control data and the offset value is output. On the other hand, in the second mode (offset control mode in the embodiment), the value of the tone control data is forcibly reset for a predetermined period from the start of tone generation. The first mode or the second mode is designated by the designating means. As a result, the tone control state at the beginning of tone generation can be specified according to the tone color of the tone or the player's will.

In this way, the musical tone control data is formed based on the difference (change amount) with respect to the offset value of the control data.
By selecting and specifying one of the two modes, it becomes possible to control the musical tone in the same way as a natural musical instrument, and the expressive power of the electronic musical instrument is further improved. That is, for example, in the case of a violin or the like, a performance is performed in which the reference pitch is immediately after the sound is generated, and then the vibrato is applied vertically with the reference pitch as the center. On the other hand, with a wind instrument or the like, at the start of sounding, a performance is performed such that it is appropriately shifted above or below the reference pitch.
Therefore, according to the present invention, various musical tone controls as described above can be performed in the electronic musical instrument by appropriately selecting and designating the mode of the musical tone control data according to the tone color and the type of music.

(F) Embodiment FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an electronic keyboard instrument which is an embodiment of the present invention. The keyboard 1 is provided with a plurality of keys,
A switch sensor for detecting key-on and initial touch and a pressure sensor for detecting after-touch are provided for each key. A key-on detection circuit 2 and an after-touch detection circuit 3 are connected to the keyboard 1,
These circuits 2 and 3 are connected to the bus 5. A CPU 4 is connected to the bus 5, and the CPU 4 sends and receives data and the like via the bus 5. A bus 4, a CPU 4, a key-on detection circuit 2, an after-touch detection circuit 3, as well as a ROM 6, a RAM 7, a switch group 8, a timer circuit 11 and a sound source circuit 9 are connected. Program data, tone color data of musical tones, and the like are stored in the ROM 6, and registers and the like are set in the RAM 7. The switch group 8 includes a tone color setting switch 8a and the like.
The timer circuit 11 interrupts the CPU 4 at every predetermined timing. The tone generator circuit 9 has 16 tone generation channels, and each channel can simultaneously generate a tone signal corresponding to the tone data supplied. The tone signal generated by the tone generator circuit 9 is input to the sound system 10, is amplified, and is sounded from the speaker.

FIG. 2 shows a partial configuration diagram of the memories of the ROM6 and RAM7.

FIG. 9A shows a part of the tone color data stored in the ROM 6. This tone color data is stored for the number of tone colors selectable by the tone color setting switch 8a. The tone color data includes tone parameter data for determining a basic tone waveform and envelope waveform, offset values described later, and mode designation data.

FIG. 3B is a diagram showing a part of the registers set in the RAM 7.

MODE is a performance mode flag register. When this flag is set, pitch control is performed immediately after key-on based on the after-touch data (normal mode), and when reset, pitch control is performed immediately after key-on based on the offset value and after-touch. After the data exceeds the offset value, pitch control is performed based on the after-touch data (offset control mode).

OF is an offset value register. The offset value is stored in this register. The offset value is determined for each tone color, and when the tone color is selected, the corresponding offset value is written from the ROM 6 to this register.

KCD is a key code register. This register is provided for each tone generation channel and stores the key code of the key assigned to that channel.

KON is a key-on flag. This flag is provided for each tone generation channel, and this flag is set while the key assigned to that channel is on.

INT is an initial touch data register. This register is provided for each sounding channel, and when a key-on event occurs, the initial touch data is stored in the register of the channel to which the key is assigned.

AFT is an after touch data register. This register is provided for each tone generation channel and stores aftertouch data of the key assigned to that channel.

PCD is a pitch control data register. This register is provided for each sounding channel, and stores after-touch data for that channel and pitch control data determined based on the offset value.

OFC is an offset period flag register. This register is used in the offset control mode,
It is provided for each tone generation channel, and is set for each channel for a period for controlling the pitch of a musical tone according to an offset value. In this embodiment, when the after-touch data exceeds the offset value, this flag is reset, and thereafter, the pitch is controlled by the after-touch data.

FIG. 3 is a flow chart showing the operation of the electronic keyboard instrument. FIG. 13A shows a main routine. When the power of this electronic keyboard instrument is turned on, first, at n1, an initializing operation such as a register reset is executed. By this operation, the electronic keyboard instrument becomes ready for playing, and the key processing routine (n2), the tone color setting routine (n3) and other processing (n4) are repeatedly executed. The other processing includes volume control operation, display operation, and the like.

FIG. 6B is a flowchart showing a tone color setting routine. First, at n5, it is determined whether the tone color setting switch is turned on. If there is no on event, it returns as it is. If there is an on event, the offset value in the tone color data corresponding to the tone color selected by the tone color setting switch that has the on event is read from ROM 6 and set in the OF register (n6). ROM6 is used as the tone color data.
The mode information stored in is read, and it is determined whether the mode specified for this timbre is the normal mode or the offset control mode (n
7). When the normal mode is specified, the MODE register is set (n8), and when the offset control mode is specified, the MODE flag is reset (n9). Next, the tone parameter corresponding to the selected tone color is read from the ROM 6 and transmitted to the tone generator circuit 9 (n10) and then the process returns.

FIG. 7C shows a key processing routine. First n11 and n18
Determines whether there is a key-on event or a key-off event. N12 to n if there is a key-on event
If you perform 17 actions and there is a key off event
Executes the operations from n19 to n24. When there is no key on / off event, the process directly returns.

At n12, a tone generation channel to which the turned-on key is to be assigned is searched, and the assigned channel number is set in the channel pointer i (n13). The key-on flag KON (i) of the channel indicated by i is set (n14), and the key code of the key having the on-event is stored in the key code register KCD (i) of the channel i (n15). Further, the key-pressing speed at the time of key-on of the key having the on-event is stored in the initial touch data register INT (i) of the channel i as initial touch data (n16). And these
The KCD (i), INT (i) data and the note-on signal are sent to the channel i of the tone generator circuit 9 to execute the tone generation processing of the channel i (n17).

On the other hand, in n19, search for the pronunciation channel to which the key that was turned off is assigned, and if there is no corresponding channel
Return by judgment of n20. If there is a corresponding channel, set the channel number to pointer i (n2
1), the key-off flag KON of the channel indicated by i
(I) is reset (n22), and the note-off signal is sent to the channel i of the tone generator circuit 9 (n23). This causes the tone signal of the i-channel of the tone generator circuit 9 to shift to the released state. After that, the OFC (i) flag of the channel is set (n24) and the process returns, in preparation for the next key-on.

FIG. 6D shows an after-touch processing operation. This after-touch processing operation is processed as an interrupt operation at regular time intervals (about 1 ms). First, 1 indicating channel 1 is set in the channel pointer j for interrupt operation (n30).
Next, it is determined in n31 whether KON (j) of the channel indicated by this pointer j is set, and if it is set, the operation of n32 and below is executed. If it has been reset, 1 is added to j to process the after-touch for the next channel (n39), and if j does not exceed 16, it returns to n31 (n40). If j exceeds 16, the processing is completed for all channels and the process returns.
In n32, aftertouch data for the key assigned to channel j is read, and AF for channel j
Store in T (j) register. Next, at n33, the MODE flag is judged, and if the MODE flag is set (normal mode) or the MODE flag is reset and the offset period flag OFC (j) of the channel j is reset, n34 Then, the pitch control data PCD (j) is set to "aftertouch data-offset value (OF register)", this data is converted to pitch control data and sent to the channel j of the tone generator circuit 9 (n35). After this, proceed to n39. Also, MO
DE flag is reset (offset control mode), offset period flag OFC (j) of channel j
Is set and the after-touch data AFT (j) becomes equal to or larger than the offset value stored in the OF register, the offset control flag of the channel j in n38 resets OFC (j), and then the process proceeds to n34. On the other hand, if the after-touch data AFT (j) is smaller than the offset value at n37, the pitch control data PCD (j) is reset at n41, and the process directly proceeds to n35.
Therefore, in this case, a value of 0 is output to the sound source as the pitch data.

That is, in the normal mode, pitch control is performed immediately after key-on based on the after-touch data. In the offset control mode, the regular reference pitch is maintained for a predetermined period after key-on regardless of after-touch, and thereafter, pitch control is performed based on the after-touch data as in the normal mode.

In this embodiment, in the normal mode and the latter half of the offset control mode, as described above, the tone pitch is controlled based on the after-touch data.
Actually, the tone pitch is controlled by the data obtained by subtracting the offset value from the after-touch data (see n35). Therefore, the musical tone pitch when the after-touch data is 0 is lower than the regular reference pitch by the offset value. This is done so that the regular pitch can be obtained when a certain amount of after-touch is applied. This is because the pitch can be changed up and down around the reference pitch by aftertouch.

FIG. 4 shows an example of pitch change when such control is performed. In the normal mode in which the MODE flag is set, pitch control is performed immediately after key-on based on the after-touch data, resulting in a pitch change in which a low pitch is generated immediately after key-on and the pitch gradually rises. On the other hand, in the offset control mode in which the MODE flag is reset, the pitch is controlled based on the offset value corresponding to the timbre immediately after key-on, so stable pitching continues from the start of the musical tone, Displacement by touch will start. In this way, it is possible to obtain the pitch characteristic matched to the tone color immediately after the sound is produced.

As described above, the pitch control during sound generation has been described in the present embodiment, but the control target is not limited to the pitch, and may be any volume, timbre, or effect. Also, the number of sounding channels is not limited to 16 and any compound sound or single sound is possible. Further, the after-touch uses the each-key sensor, but the same control can be performed by using the after-touch sensor common to all the keys. Further, although the mode flag is set / reset automatically when the tone color is set, a switch for controlling the set / reset of this flag may be provided on the player's operation panel.
Further, the shift from the offset value to the control by the after touch data is performed when the value of the after touch data exceeds the offset value, but the shift timing may be controlled by time. Further, in the present embodiment, the pitch control by the after-touch is controlled so that the pitch becomes higher as the after-touch becomes stronger, but it may be controlled as the pitch becomes lower. Further, although this electronic musical instrument has a control unit using a CPU and its operation is controlled by software, it may be configured by a circuit using dedicated hardware.

(G) Effects of the Invention As described above, according to the electronic musical instrument of the present invention, whether or not the musical tone control based on the musical tone control data formed corresponding to the operation of the player during the musical tone signal generation is accepted immediately after the musical tone generation. Since it is instructed by the designating means, it is possible to select the fluctuation of the sound or the change of the sound color immediately after the start of the generation of the musical sound in accordance with the kind of the music to be played and the tone color. Moreover, since the musical tone control data is formed corresponding to the difference between the control data based on the player's operation such as aftertouch and the predetermined offset value, the pitch and tone color of the musical tone are centered on the reference value. Change control can be performed in both up and down directions. As a result, according to the present invention,
The expressive power of the electronic musical instrument can be improved.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an electronic musical instrument which is an embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a part of the memory of the electronic musical instrument, FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing the operation of the electronic musical instrument, and FIG. It is a figure explaining the state of pitch control in an electronic musical instrument. 1 ... keyboard, 3 ... after-touch data detection circuit.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A performance information generating means for generating performance information indicating generation of a musical sound and a pitch of the generated musical sound, a sound source means for generating a musical sound signal based on the performance information, and a musical sound signal generated by the sound source means. During generation, control data generating means for generating control data corresponding to a musical tone control operation by a player, and musical tone control data corresponding to a difference between the control data and a predetermined offset value are formed, and the musical tone control data is generated. Musical sound control data forming means for controlling the state of the musical sound signal by changing the state of the musical sound signal supplied to the sound source means, and forcibly resetting the value of the musical sound control data supplied to the sound source means for a predetermined period immediately after the start of the generation of the musical sound. Specifying means for instructing the musical tone control data forming means as to whether or not to do so. Musical instruments.