JPH06320384A - Work processing method - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To provide a work processing method through which two problems of the one being cooling of a work and a processing tool and the other being provision of lubricity to a processing surface are simultaneously satisfied. CONSTITUTION:An injection nozzle 11 through which two kinds or more of liquids are injected in a spray-form state toward the surface to be processed of a work is provided. Processing is effected as a mixture spray-form substance injected through the injection nozzle 11 is fed to the surface to be processed. A blend ratio between liquids is changed according to the kind of processing.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a machining method for subjecting a workpiece to cutting, polishing or the like.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, when cutting or polishing a workpiece, a water injection nozzle is extended toward the vicinity of the processing point to cool the heat generated by the collision between the workpiece and the processing tool. Liquid is sprayed from the nozzle. For example, in a machining center (compound machine tool),
As shown in FIG. 5, the tool holder 2 is attached to the lower end of the spindle (not visible in the drawing) in the main body 1, and the machining tool 4 is attached to the tool connecting shaft 3 at the tip thereof. A water injection nozzle 5 extends from the main body 1 side toward the processing tool 4. However, when machining is performed with a large vertical machine tool such as this machining center, water and chips are likely to collect in the machining recesses, which may rather deteriorate the machining performance. In addition, when cutting a tool made of cemented carbide by intermittently colliding with a workpiece, the cutting edge becomes hot due to heat generation at the processing point and is cooled by liquid spraying at locations other than the processing point. There is a problem that chipping (so-called “chipping” phenomenon) or cracking occurs due to repeated rapid thermal changes.

Therefore, recently, the liquid is not sprayed as it is, but it is sprayed in the form of mist to give lubricity to the workpiece and the machining tool. According to this method, the inconvenience that water accumulates in the recess like liquid sprinkling and the chipping phenomenon due to rapid cooling does not occur, but when water is used as the atomizing liquid, lubricity to the workpiece and machining tool is improved. However, when oil is used as the atomizing liquid, the cooling effect becomes insufficient.

[0004]

As described above, in the conventional machining method, the two problems of cooling the workpiece and the machining tool and imparting lubricity to the machining surface cannot be satisfied at the same time, and the machining conditions are not satisfied. Depending on the situation, either liquid spray or atomized injection is selected, and processing is performed only while minimizing the disadvantages during processing.

The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and is an excellent machining method capable of simultaneously satisfying the two problems of cooling the workpiece and the machining tool and imparting lubricity to the machining surface. The purpose is to provide.

[0006]

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention, when machining a work piece, atomizes two or more kinds of liquids in a mixed state toward a work surface of the work piece. The first gist is a machining method in which a jet nozzle for jetting is provided, and the mixed atomized body jetted from the jet nozzle is processed while being supplied to the surface to be processed. A plurality of injection nozzles for respectively ejecting different types of liquids toward the surface to be processed of the object are provided, and the atomized bodies injected from the respective injection nozzles are processed in a mixed state while being supplied to the surface to be processed. The second machining method
The summary of

[0007]

That is, the present inventor has made a series of methods for simultaneously satisfying the two problems of cooling the workpiece and the machining tool and imparting lubricity to the machined surface, particularly a method for meeting the above problems by using a mist. Repeated research. As a result, when the atomized body is supplied to the surface to be processed, if not only one type of liquid is used but two or more types of liquids are used in combination, the atomized body is changed depending on the type of processing. It has been found that an atomized body suitable for the processing can be supplied by changing the mixing ratio of the liquid in, and the present invention has been accomplished.

Next, the present invention will be described in detail based on examples.

[0009]

FIG. 1 shows an example of an apparatus when the present invention is applied to machining processing by a machining center. The basic configuration of this machining center is the same as that of the conventional one, in which a spindle 6 to which high speed rotation is applied is held in a main body 1 through a bearing, and a tapered chuck portion provided at a lower end portion thereof. The fitting taper portion 2a of the tool holder 2 is detachably inserted and held in the tool holder 7. A machining tool 4 is attached to the tool connecting shaft 3 below the tool holder 2.

An air supply pipe 10 extends downward from a lower end surface of the machining center body 1, and an atomized body injection nozzle 11 described later is connected to the tip of the air supply pipe 10.
A liquid supply pipe 13 for introducing a liquid to be atomized is connected to the atomized body injection nozzle 11, and two supply pipes 13 a branched from the pipe 13 are provided.
Water and oil are supplied from 13b (see FIG. 2), respectively. Therefore, water and oil are supplied in a mixed state into the atomized body injection nozzle 11. Further, the upper end portion of the air supply pipe 10 is communicated with an air supply passage (not shown) formed in the machining center body 1.

As the atomizing body injection nozzle 11, for example, one having a structure as shown in FIG. 2 is used. When compressed air is supplied to the atomized body injection nozzle 11 as indicated by an arrow P, the piston 16 held inside by the compression spring 15 is pushed to the left side in the drawing, and the liquid supply pipe 13 is shown.
The liquid passage 17 communicating with is opened, and water and oil are ejected in a mist state as fine particles in a mixed state from the very narrow ejection ports of the tip nozzles 18 and 19 which are divided into left and right.

Therefore, when machining a workpiece with this machining center, when air is supplied to the air supply pipe 10 and water and oil are supplied to the liquid supply pipe 13, water and oil are supplied from the atomized body injection nozzle 11. The mixed liquid of is sprayed in a mist state, and the mixed mist in which water and oil are mixed as fine particles hits the surface of the workpiece to be machined and the machining surface of the machining tool 4 which is pressed against the surface. Of the mixed mist, oil particles mainly wet the work piece and the working tool 4 to increase the lubricity, and mainly water particles cool the working heat. As a result, the lubricating effect and the cooling effect, which could not be provided at the same time in the past, can be provided at the same time, and the processing performance is significantly improved. And the processing tool 4
Since the load on the tool is lightened and it is not subjected to abrupt cooling unlike liquid sprinkling, there is no intermittent thermal shock, and the tool life is greatly extended.

Since the cooling effect and the lubricating effect greatly differ depending on the type of atomized body, depending on the processing conditions,
It is preferable to change the amount of water and oil introduced into the atomized body injection nozzle 11 to adjust the mixing ratio of both. That is, as shown in FIG. 3, which is data obtained by measuring the temperature change in the vicinity of the processing point over time, when the atomized particles are only water particles (indicated by the broken line A), the atomized particles are rapidly ejected immediately after the start of injection. However, when the atomized body is only oil particles (shown by the solid line B), the cooling effect is weak and it takes time to lower the temperature. However, the atomized body composed of oil particles has a higher effect of imparting lubricity to the processing tool 4 and the workpiece than water particles. For this reason, for example, in the case of high-speed cutting, the cooling effect is increased by increasing the amount of water supplied so that the ratio of water to the ratio of water to oil is large. It is possible to create an atomized body according to the processing by adjusting the ratio of the two such that the oil supply amount is increased so as to enhance the lubrication effect.

In the above embodiment, the average particle size of the atomized particles ejected from the atomized particle injection nozzle 11 is usually set to about 5 to 200 μm, although it depends on the processing conditions. is there. And the injection amount of the atomized body is
Usually, it is preferable to set the rate to about 1 to 100 cc / min.

Further, in the above embodiment, as the atomized body injection nozzle 11, water and oil are introduced in a mixed state from the liquid supply pipe 13, and the left and right nozzles 18 and 19 (see FIG. 2) generate mist of the mixed liquid. Although the liquid is ejected, various kinds of liquid such as emulsion and chemical liquid can be selected in addition to water and oil. The types of liquids are not limited to two types, and three or more types can be mixed and used.

Further, from the single atomized body injection nozzle 11,
Instead of spraying the mist in the mixed state, for example, in FIG.
As shown in (a), a plurality (three in the figure) of mist spray nozzles 11 are provided, and liquids of different kinds are sprayed from the respective nozzles 11 so that different kinds of mist in the central space. There is no problem even if the bodies are mixed and the mixed mist is supplied toward the work surface of the workpiece. Also in this case, by adjusting the supply amount of the liquid supplied to each nozzle 11, it is possible to create an optimum atomized body for the processing, and it is possible to significantly improve the processing performance. Of course, as shown in FIG. 4 (b), two different kinds of liquids are introduced in a mixed state into the mist spray nozzle 11a having one nozzle port, and sprayed in a mist state to obtain a mixed mist. You may

Further, the apparatus of the present invention can be attached to various machine tools such as an NC lathe and a grinder, not limited to the machining by the machining center as in the above embodiment.

[0018]

As described above, according to the machining method of the present invention, the mixed atomized body composed of two or more kinds of liquid particles ejected from the atomized body ejecting nozzle is supplied to the work surface of the workpiece. It is designed to be machined. Therefore, according to this method, the atomized body composed of two or more kinds of liquid particles having different characteristics such as water and oil can be supplied to the workpiece surface and the processing tool pressed against the workpiece surface. Unlike the conventional case where only a single type of atomized body is applied, the surface to be machined of the workpiece and the machining tool can be appropriately moistened to enhance lubricity and at the same time provide an excellent cooling effect. Therefore, the load on the working tool is lightened, and since it is not subjected to rapid cooling like liquid application, there is no intermittent thermal shock and the tool life is greatly extended. In particular, since it is possible to change the type of liquid ejected by the atomized body according to the processing conditions,
For example, in the case of high-speed cutting, increasing the mixing ratio of water as the liquid enhances the cooling effect, and in the case of medium / low speed cutting, increasing the mixing ratio of oil as the liquid enhances the lubrication effect. You can Therefore, it is possible to produce a mixed atomized body that is optimum for the processing, and it is possible to significantly improve the processing performance.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of an apparatus used in an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram of an atomizing body injection nozzle used in the above embodiment.

FIG. 3 is a characteristic curve diagram showing the relationship between the type of mist and the cooling effect.

FIG. 4A and FIG. 4B are configuration diagrams of another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram of a conventional water injection method in machining.

[Explanation of symbols]

 11 Mist jet nozzle

Claims (2)

[Claims] 1. When a workpiece is machined, an injection nozzle for injecting two or more kinds of liquid in a mixed state toward a surface to be processed of the workpiece in a mist state is provided, and the mixed mist ejected from the injection nozzle. A machining method characterized in that the material is machined while being supplied to the surface to be machined. 2. When machining a workpiece, a plurality of jet nozzles for respectively jetting different types of liquids toward the surface of the workpiece to be jetted are provided, and the jet nozzles jet the jets. A machining method characterized in that the body is processed while being supplied to a surface to be processed in a mixed state.