JPH06304187A - Drill for boring - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To bore a bone so as to be surely fixed with a medical implant. CONSTITUTION:A blade part 9 of the drill for boring is composed of two to four blades of front end blade parts 4 on spirals and rear end blade parts 3. The front end angle alpha of the front end blade parts 4 is set within a 60 to 150 deg. range, the rake angle beta -5 to 40 deg. and the relief angle gamma 1 to 20 deg.. The diameter R2 of the front end blade parts 4 is set smaller than the diameter R1 of the rear end blade parts 3.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a drill used for drilling a hole for implanting an implant in dental or surgical treatment.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art When implanting an implant in a bone in the treatment of a tooth defect, a maxillofacial prosthesis, a surgical treatment, etc., a hole having the same shape as that of the implant is drilled in the bone. The drill used for this drilling has, for example, a spiral blade part,
Plate-shaped, semi-circular, etc. were used. Also,
A cylindrical or conical metal coated with diamond grains was sometimes used as a drill. These drills for drilling themselves have drilled holes for implant implantation in the bone by rotating or cutting or grinding the bone.

[0003]

However, when a hole for implant implantation is drilled using a conventional drill for drilling,
There has been a phenomenon in which the bone tissue around the pores, which is a living tissue, is deteriorated or necrosed, and the fixation between the bone tissue and the implant does not proceed well. Therefore, there are problems that the rate of successful fixation of the implant is low and that the period until the fixation is completed is long. Further, the operability of the drill at the time of drilling is poor due to the shake of the blade part due to rotation, the sharpness of the blade part, etc., and it is difficult to drill an accurate hole. The present invention aims to solve such problems.

[0004]

To achieve the above object, in the present invention, in a drill for drilling, which comprises a columnar support portion and a blade portion having a blade tip, the blade portion is formed in a spiral shape, and the blade is The tip angle of the part is set within the range of 60 ° to 150 ° (claim 1). Further, the rake angle of the blade portion is set within the range of -5 ° to 40 ° (claim 3). Further, the clearance angle of the blade portion is set within the range of 1 ° to 20 ° (claim 5). Furthermore, the blade portion of these drills is composed of a tip blade portion formed at the tip of the blade portion and a trailing edge portion formed at the rear end,
The diameter of the leading edge portion is smaller than the diameter of the trailing edge portion.

[0005]

[Function] When the present inventors performed perforation of various bones in-vitro, the tip angle of the drill, the rake angle or the helix angle (hereinafter referred to as the rake angle), and the clearance angle were appropriately determined. It has been found that when the value is set to a value, excessive damage to bone tissue due to drilling work and burn of bone tissue due to frictional heat generated by friction between the bone and the drill are less likely to occur. The desired result is obtained by setting the tip angle of the blade tip in the range of 60 ° to 150 °, particularly 80 ° to 130 °. In practice, it may be selected within this range according to the purpose of use of the drill. The desired result is obtained by setting the rake angle in the range of -5 ° to 40 °, but the range of 5 ° to 15 ° is optimal considering the degree of drill rotation fluctuation during operation (during drilling) and biting into the bone. Is. Clearance angle is 1 ° to 20 °, especially 3 ° to 12 °
Setting the range to gives the desired result. If the clearance angle is less than 1 °, the drilling ability will decrease, and also 20 °
If it is larger, the bone is likely to bite, which may affect the bone tissue.

As described above, according to the present invention, by setting the tip angle, rake angle and clearance angle of the tip of the drill to appropriate values,
Excessive damage to the bone tissue due to the piercing work and burns of the bone tissue due to frictional heat generated by friction between the bone and the drill are less likely to occur, and therefore alteration and necrosis of the bone tissue can be prevented. Further, since the rotational runout of the drill at the time of drilling can be suppressed, the operability (workability) is improved, and the drilling can be performed with high accuracy.

The number of blades may be 2 to 8, but in order to reduce the resistance generated between the blade and the bone during perforation, 2 to 4 are used.
It is desirable to have one. Further, the blade portion of the drill, the tip blade portion formed at the tip of the blade portion and the rear end blade portion formed at the rear end, the diameter of the tip blade portion from the diameter of the rear end blade portion When the size is reduced, the rotational runout of the drill during drilling can be further reduced.

Further, if a through hole for water injection is provided penetrating from the supporting portion of the drill for drilling to the blade portion and water is injected into this through hole during drilling, the cooling effect against heat generation of the drill due to friction can be enhanced. Further, by chamfering the side surface of the blade portion other than the blade edge of the blade portion, it is possible to reduce damage to the bone during perforation. Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 4, but the present invention is not limited thereto.

[0009]

FIG. 1 is a front view of a drill for drilling according to this embodiment. FIG. 2 is a view of the drill for drilling shown in FIG. 1 viewed from the direction C. 3 is a sectional view of the blade portion 9, FIG. 3 (1) is a sectional view taken along the line AA of FIG. 1, and FIG. 3 (2) is a sectional view taken along the line BB of FIG. In the same 1, the drill 1 for drilling is connected to a motor (not shown) and rotated to drill (form) a hole for implanting a dental implant in bone.
The drill 1 for drilling includes a holding portion 2 formed in a column shape and a blade portion 9 formed in a spiral shape. One end of the holder 2 is connected to the motor. Materials such as iron, stainless steel, titanium alloys, tool steels, and cemented carbides can be used for the body of the drill 1 for drilling. In this embodiment, stainless steel was used in consideration of rust. The surface of the blade portion 9 may be coated with a plating layer made of titanium nitride (TiN) or the like, if necessary.

The blade portion 9 has a rear end blade portion 3 having a diameter R1 of 2.6 mm.
And a tip blade portion 4 having a diameter R2 of 2 mm. That is, as shown in FIG. 2, the diameter R2 of the tip blade portion 4 at the tip of the blade portion 9 is set smaller than the diameter R1 of the trailing edge blade portion 3, and there is a relation of R1> R2. Also, the trailing edge portion 3
The tip blade portion 4 is provided with spiral blade edges 5 and 6, respectively, and the jaw bone is cut and ground by these blade edges 5 and 6. The diameters R1 and R2 are set according to the diameter (size) of the implant to be implanted. The blade portion 9 has a tip angle (tip angle of the tip blade portion 4) α of its tip of 1
The rake angle β was set to 20 ° and the clearance angle γ was set to 10 °.

Further, the drill 1 for drilling has a through hole 8 for water injection formed along the longitudinal direction of the drill 1 from the holding portion 2 to the blade portion 9. One opening of the through hole 8 is provided at a predetermined position of the blade portion 9, and cooling water can be poured from the other opening of the through hole 8 and the cooling water can be discharged from the blade portion 9. As a result, heat generation during punching can be suppressed. In the case of not having a through hole as in this embodiment, it is possible to suppress heat generation by pouring cooling water from the outside. Furthermore, drill 1
Has a depth designating groove 7 formed at a position separated from the tip of the blade portion 9 by a predetermined distance, and is used as a standard for measuring the depth of the hole when drilling. The position of the depth specifying groove 7 is set according to the depth at which the implant is embedded. Also, a plurality of grooves 7 may be provided. The side surfaces 11 of the tip blade portion 4 and the trailing edge blade portion 3 other than the blade tip 6 and the blade tip 5 are chamfered as shown in FIG. This chamfer serves to prevent damage to the perforation fossa.

Next, using the drill for drilling of this embodiment,
The process of piercing the jawbone will be described. First, in order to set the direction in which the implant is to be implanted, while cooling water is being poured into the through holes 8, the drill 1 for drilling is drilled to the depth of the depth specifying groove 7. At this time, since the diameters of the leading edge portion 4 and the trailing edge portion 3 are different, a step is formed in the perforation fossae. Then, further drilling is performed with a drill 21 as shown in FIG.

The blade portion 22 of the drill 21 for drilling is formed in a spiral shape and its diameter is set to be uniform over the entire blade portion. That is, it does not have a blade portion having a different diameter like the tip blade portion 4 of the drill 1 shown in FIG. The diameter R1 of the blade 22 is 2.6 mm. Using this drill 21 for drilling, drilling is performed to the depth of the depth specifying groove 23 while cutting so as to eliminate the step caused by drilling of the drill 1 for drilling. When drilling, through hole 8
Cooling water is poured into. The blade portion 22 of the drill 21 has a tip angle α of 120 °, a rake angle β of 20 °, and a clearance angle γ of 10 °. These angles can be appropriately set within an appropriate range according to the shape of the implant to be implanted so that no gap is created between the hole (perforation hole) and the implant. Further, the shape of the blade portion 22 may be stepped or the like depending on the shape of the implant.

In this embodiment, the case where the hole for implanting the dental implant is drilled has been described, but the present invention is not limited to this. For example, it can also be used in drilling holes for implanting surgical implants. By the way, when implanting an implant having a relatively large diameter, the diameter of the hole to be drilled also becomes large. In such a case, it is advisable to gradually increase the diameter of the hole to be drilled. For example, as shown in FIG. 1, two drills for drilling having different diameters are prepared for the leading edge portion and the trailing edge blade portion, and the larger diameter of one drill (referred to as the first drill) is used for the other drill. Set it to be equal to the smaller diameter of the (second drill). Then, when the first drill is used to perform the drilling and then the second drill is used to perform the drilling, the rotational shake is suppressed and the operability is improved, so that the drilling can be performed accurately.

[0015]

The drill for drilling of the present invention is unlikely to cause excessive damage to bone tissue due to drilling work and burn of bone tissue due to frictional heat generated by friction between the bone and the drill.
It can prevent alteration and necrosis of bone tissue. Further, since the rotational runout of the drill at the time of drilling can be suppressed, the operability (workability) is improved, and the drilling can be performed accurately. Therefore, the success rate of fixing the implant can be increased.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic front view of an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a view of the drill shown in FIG. 1 as seen from the direction C.

FIG. 3 is a sectional view of the drill shown in FIG. 1.

FIG. 4 is a schematic front view of an embodiment of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols for main parts]

 1 Drill for drilling 2 Holding part 3 Rear edge part 4 Tip edge part 5 Blade edge 6 Blade edge 7 Depth designation groove 8 Through hole 9 Blade part 11 Chamfer 21 Drilling drill 22 Blade part 23 Depth designation groove α Tip angle β Rake angle γ Clearance angle

Claims (6)

[Claims] 1. A drill for drilling, comprising a columnar support portion and a blade portion having a blade tip, wherein the blade portion is formed in a spiral shape, and the tip angle of the blade portion is 60 ° to 60 °.
Drill for drilling characterized by being set within the range of 150 °. 2. The drill for drilling according to claim 1, wherein the blade portion includes a tip blade portion formed at a tip of the blade portion and a trailing edge blade portion formed at a rear end of the blade portion. And a diameter of the leading edge portion is smaller than a diameter of the trailing edge blade portion. 3. A drill for drilling, comprising a cylindrical support portion and a blade portion having a blade tip, wherein the blade portion is formed in a spiral shape, and the rake angle of the blade portion is −5.
Drill for drilling characterized by being set within a range of ° to 40 °. 4. The drill for drilling according to claim 3, wherein the blade portion includes a tip blade portion formed at a tip of the blade portion and a trailing edge blade portion formed at a rear end of the blade portion. And a diameter of the leading edge portion is smaller than a diameter of the trailing edge blade portion. 5. A drill for drilling, comprising a cylindrical support portion and a blade portion having a blade tip, wherein the blade portion is formed in a spiral shape, and the clearance angle of the blade portion is 1 ° to
Drill for drilling characterized by being set within a range of 20 °. 6. The drill for drilling holes according to claim 5, wherein the blade portion includes a tip blade portion formed at a tip of the blade portion and a trailing blade portion formed at a rear end of the blade portion. And a diameter of the leading edge portion is smaller than a diameter of the trailing edge blade portion.