JPH0626674A - Air cooling facility - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To contrive the miniaturization as well as the reduction of pressure loss of a facility for cooling a big flow amount of air such as the suction air of a gas turbine and the like. CONSTITUTION:An evaporating heat transfer tube 3 is provided in an air duct 1 to cool air by the latent heat of evaporation while evaporated vapor is guided from a gas/liquid separating drum 4 into a condenser 7 to condense it by refrigerant having a temperature below 0 deg.C, then, the condensed water is returned into the gas/liquid separating drum 4 again. In the condenser 7, condensed cold water is sprayed or vapor is sucked by the cold water to promote the sucking and condensing of the vapor. On the other hand, the condenser is evacuated by a vacuum pump 16 to increase a logarithmic average temperature difference. About 1/30 of the amount of cooling water is enough compared with heat exchange effected by only sensible heat.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a large flow rate for cooling intake air of a gas turbine, FDF or the like or air supply of an air-conditioning fan coil unit by cold heat or supercooled ice of LNG or turbo refrigerator refrigerant. Air cooling equipment.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art When the intake air of a gas turbine, that is, the inlet air of an air compressor is cooled, the flow rate increases in inverse proportion to its absolute temperature, and the compression work decreases in proportion. Therefore, the output of the gas turbine is increased and the efficiency is improved.

The intake air of a gas turbine is conventionally cooled by supplying cold water to a heat exchanger. For example, as shown in FIG. 10, a gas turbine intake duct (1)
Cold water is supplied to the counterflow heat exchanger (2) installed in
The direct heat exchange cools the air flowing into the gas turbine. In this case, the gas turbine intake air temperature is shown in FIG.
As shown in (a), T _A1 drops to T _A2 , and the cold water temperature rises from T _C1 to T _C2 .

[0004]

Since the conventional air cooling is performed by sensible heat of water, a large amount of cooling water is required and a logarithmic mean temperature difference related to heat exchange is small.
A heat exchanger with a large heat transfer area was needed. That is, the heat transfer rate is Q (kcal / h) and the heat transfer rate is K (kcal / m ² h
℃), logarithmic mean temperature difference θ _m (℃), heat transfer area F (m
² ), it was necessary to increase F because θ _m was small in the following equation.

[0005]

[Equation 1]

In conventional air cooling, the heat exchanger is large and costly, and the pressure loss of the gas turbine intake air is large.

[0007]

The present invention takes the following means in order to solve the above-mentioned conventional problems. 1) A plurality of evaporative heat transfer tubes arranged in an air duct, the upper end of which communicates with a gas-liquid separation drum or an upper drum, and the lower end of which communicates with a lower drum, a circulation pump which supplies circulating water to the lower drum, and the gas-liquid. A condenser that communicates with the vapor layer of the separation drum or the upper drum and that has a heat transfer tube in which a fluid of 0 ° C. or less flows, a sprinkler that sprays pressurized cold water to the upper part of the condenser, and the condensate. An air cooling facility comprising an extraction vacuum pump for reducing the pressure inside the device.

2) A plurality of evaporative heat transfer tubes which are arranged in an air duct and communicate with the gas-liquid separating drum at the upper end and the lower drum at the lower end, a circulation pump for supplying circulating water to the lower drum, and the gas-liquid. Communicating with the vapor layer of the separation drum,
It comprises a condenser in which supercooled ice is floated on the water surface inside, a sprinkler device for spraying pressurized cold water to the upper part of the inside of the condenser, and an extraction vacuum pump for depressurizing the inside of the condenser. Characteristic air cooling equipment. 3) In addition to the requirements of 1) or 2) above, air characterized in that a suction nozzle for sucking vapor in the gas-liquid separation drum by cold water pressurized by a cold water pump is attached to the condenser. Cooling equipment.

[0009]

The circulating water sent to the lower drum by the circulation pump takes the heat of the air flowing through the air duct by the evaporation heat transfer tube to be evaporated and flows into the gas-liquid separation drum or the upper drum. The steam separated by the gas-liquid separation drum or the steam flowing into the upper drum is sent to the condenser. This vapor comes into contact with the water sprayed on the upper part of the condenser to partially condense, and is further cooled and condensed by a heat transfer tube through which a fluid of 0 ° C. or less flows or supercooled ice floated on the water surface. When a heat transfer tube is used, static ice adheres to its surface.

The latent heat of condensation of steam is taken away by the latent heat of melting of ice and the sensible heat of water spray. The vacuum in the condenser is maintained by the extraction vacuum pump. Holding the vacuum increases the logarithmic mean temperature difference, and the latent heat is used to increase the cooling heat, so that the required amount of cooling water is significantly reduced as compared with the conventional case.

When the steam in the gas-liquid separation drum is sucked by the suction nozzle provided in the condenser by the cold water pressurized by the cold water pump, the cold water directly contacts the steam in the nozzle to condense it. Therefore, suction and condensation of vapor are further promoted.

[0012]

1 is a system diagram showing a first embodiment of the present invention,
FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of the condenser (7) in FIG. In the figure, (1) is a gas turbine intake duct (not shown), (3)
Is a plurality of evaporative heat transfer tubes arranged in the intake duct (1), the upper end of which communicates with the gas-liquid separation drum (4) and the lower end of which communicates with the lower drum (5). (6) is a circulation pump for circulating the water in the gas-liquid separation drum (4) to the lower drum (5).

Reference numeral (7) is a condenser whose upper portion communicates with the vapor layer in the gas-liquid separation drum (4), and inside the condenser (7), 0 ° C. coming from the LNG vaporizer (13). A direct expansion tube (8) through which the following refrigerant flows is arranged. Also inside the condenser (7) is a watering device (9) and a vapor suction nozzle (10) on top. The sprinkler (9) and the suction nozzle (10) have a liquid pool (1) below the condenser (7).
The condensed water in 2) is pressurized and supplied by the cold water pump (15). The water pressurized by the cold water pump (15) is also supplied to the gas-liquid separation drum (4). (1
6) is an extraction vacuum pump for reducing the pressure in the condenser (7).

The circulating water (6) supplied to the lower drum (5) by the circulation pump deprives the heat of the gas turbine intake in the evaporation heat transfer tube (3) under vacuum to evaporate, and the gas-liquid separation drum (4). ) To. The water separated by the gas-liquid separation drum (4) is sent again to the evaporation heat transfer tube (3) via the lower drum (5) by the circulation pump (6), and the steam is sent to the condenser (7) which functions as ice heat storage equipment. Sent.

The vapor introduced into the condenser (7) is cooled and condensed in the direct expansion pipe (8) through which the refrigerant coming from the LNG vaporizer (13) flows, and then flows down to the liquid pool (at the bottom of the condenser). It collects in 12) as condensed water. Moreover, since a part of the cold water pressurized by the cold water pump (15) is sprayed as condensation promoting water from the sprinkler (9) above the condenser (7), the steam is condensed even by direct contact with them. To do.

As shown in FIG. 2, static ice is frozen on the surface of the direct expansion tube (8) arranged above the water surface of the liquid pool (12). That is, the latent heat of condensation of steam is taken away by the latent heat of melting of ice and the sensible heat of water spray, and the surface of the ice is melted by steam and water sprinkle, so that the ice is stably attached by a thickness that balances the cooling amount of the direct expansion tube.

The vacuum in the condenser (7) and the evaporation heat transfer tube (2) is maintained by the extraction vacuum pump (16). Figure 9
As shown in (b), when the vacuum is 0.0101ata, the saturation temperature is 7 ° C, and when 0.00623ata, the saturation temperature is 0 ° C, and the logarithmic mean temperature difference is remarkably large as compared with the conventional case. And about 20kc by using conventional sensible heat of about 20 ℃
Compared to al / kg, about 600 kcal / kg of cooling heat including latent heat can be obtained, so the amount of cooling water is about 1/30. Further, by adjusting the degree of vacuum, the gas turbine outlet air temperature as the finishing temperature can be arbitrarily controlled. The extraction vacuum pump (16) not only maintains the pressure inside the condenser (7) to a predetermined vacuum as described above, but also has the function of extracting the non-condensed gas to the outside.

The condensed water in the liquid pool (12) is cooled by the cold water pump (1
The water is sent to the sprinkler (9) and the gas-liquid separation drum (4) by 5), but a part of the water is sent to the suction nozzle (10) provided in the condenser (7) and the gas-liquid separation drum (4). A) inhale the vapor inside. Then, by directly contacting the steam in the nozzle to cool it, the jet condensing nozzle (JetCondensing Nozzle) promotes suction and condensation of the steam.

In place of the LNG vaporizer (13) in FIG. 1, a cold heat device such as a turbo refrigerator is used, and the cold heat source (refrigerant) is supplied to the direct expansion pipe (8) of the condenser (7). Even if
The same effect as the above can be obtained. The point is that the cooling ability to 0 ° C or lower is sufficient.

Next, FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an evaporation heat transfer tube and its periphery in a second embodiment of the present invention. The evaporative heat transfer tube (3) of the present embodiment is not the intake duct of the gas turbine,
It is arranged in the air supply duct (11) of the air-conditioning fan coil unit. In that case, either the required evaporation should be completed in the evaporation heat transfer tube (3) or the condenser (7)
When there is no problem even if gas-liquid two-phase fluid flows into the
The gas-liquid separation drum is omitted and instead only the upper drum (14) is installed.

Next, FIG. 4 is a system diagram showing a third embodiment of the present invention. In the condenser (17) of this embodiment, the direct expansion pipe (8) communicating with the LNG vaporizer (13) and the like in the first embodiment described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2 is not provided, but instead is supercooled. Ice (18) is floated on the surface of condensed water. Since the other points are the same as those in FIG. 1 and FIG.

5 to 8 show the condenser (1
It is a figure which illustrates the structure of 7). There are two methods of vapor condensation: in-air condensation shown in FIG. 5 or 6 and in-liquid condensation shown in FIG. 7 or 8. The condenser (1
In 7), part of the steam is condensed by water sprinkling, and the rest is condensed while passing between the layers of the sorbet-shaped supercooled ice (18) and reaches the lower liquid pool. In FIG. 6, the vapor of the gas-liquid separation drum (4) sucked by the suction nozzle (10) is injected into the space above the supercooled ice (18). The uncondensed vapor exiting from the suction nozzle (10) is cooled and condensed by the sprinkling water and the supercooled water (18). In the case of FIG. 7, the steam is injected into the condensed water and rises to the supercooled ice (1
8) and sprinkle water to liquefy and flow down by gravity. In FIG. 8, the vapor sucked by the suction nozzle (20) is injected into the liquid below the supercooled ice (18).

In the third embodiment, the latent heat of condensation of steam is taken away by the latent heat of melting of ice and the sensible heat of sprinkling water, and the supercooled ice (18) called ice slurry or dynamic ice is used as a cooling device or LNG vaporizer ( It is successively manufactured and replenished by 13). The vacuum in the condenser (17) is the extraction vacuum pump (1
Held by 6). Similar to the first embodiment, the logarithmic mean temperature difference is increased by holding the vacuum, and the cooling heat is increased by using the latent heat, so that the amount of cooling water is about 1/30 as compared with the conventional case. Also, the liquid pool (1
The condensed water of 2) is sent to the sprinkler (9) and the gas-liquid separation drum (4) by the cold water pump (15), a part of which is the suction nozzle (10) provided in the condenser (17),
It is also the same as in the first embodiment that the vapor is sent to (20), the vapor in the gas-liquid separation drum (4) is sucked, and the vapor is condensed by directly contacting with the vapor in the nozzle.

[0024]

According to the present invention, the gas turbine intake air and the air-conditioning fan coil unit air supply are cooled by a low-cost heat exchanger, and the intake resistance is small, so that the performance can be remarkably improved. it can.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a system diagram showing a first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of the condenser (7) in FIG.

FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an evaporation heat transfer tube and its periphery in a second embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a system diagram showing a third embodiment of the present invention.

5 is a diagram showing an example of a structure of a condenser (17) in FIG.

6 is a diagram showing another example of the structure of the condenser (17) in FIG.

7 is a diagram showing still another example of the structure of the condenser (17) in FIG.

FIG. 8 is a view showing still another example of the structure of the condenser (17) in FIG.

FIG. 9 is a diagram showing the temperature of each fluid in the heat exchanger in comparison with the conventional one and the present invention.

FIG. 10 is a conceptual diagram of a conventional air cooling facility.

[Explanation of symbols]

 (1) Gas turbine intake duct (2) Counterflow heat exchanger (3) Evaporative heat transfer tube (4) Gas-liquid separation drum (5) Lower drum (6) Circulation pump (7) Condenser (8) Direct expansion pipe ( 9) Water sprinkler (10) Suction nozzle (11) Fan coil unit air supply duct (12) Liquid reservoir (13) LNG vaporizer (14) Upper drum (15) Cold water pump (16) Bleed vacuum pump (17) Condenser (18) Supercooled ice (20) Suction nozzle

Claims (3)

[Claims] 1. A plurality of evaporative heat transfer tubes, which are arranged in an air duct, and whose upper end communicates with a gas-liquid separation drum or an upper drum and whose lower end communicates with a lower drum, respectively, and a circulation pump for supplying circulating water to the lower drum. A condenser that communicates with the vapor layer of the gas-liquid separation drum or the upper drum and that has a heat transfer tube in which a fluid of 0 ° C. or less flows, and a sprinkler that sprays pressurized cold water to the upper portion inside the condenser. And an air extraction vacuum pump for reducing the pressure in the condenser. 2. A plurality of evaporative heat transfer tubes which are arranged in an air duct and communicate with a gas-liquid separating drum at an upper end and a lower drum at a lower end, a circulation pump for supplying circulating water to the lower drum, and the gas-liquid. A condenser in which the supercooled ice is floated on the water surface inside, which communicates with the vapor layer of the separation drum, a sprinkler that sprays pressurized cold water to the upper part of the inside of the condenser, and depressurizes the inside of the condenser. An air cooling facility comprising a bleed vacuum pump. 3. The air according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a suction nozzle for sucking vapor in the gas-liquid separation drum by cold water pressurized by a cold water pump is attached to the condenser. Cooling equipment.