JPH0598341A - Method for cleaning molten metal - Google Patents
Method for cleaning molten metalInfo
- Publication number
- JPH0598341A JPH0598341A JP3281841A JP28184191A JPH0598341A JP H0598341 A JPH0598341 A JP H0598341A JP 3281841 A JP3281841 A JP 3281841A JP 28184191 A JP28184191 A JP 28184191A JP H0598341 A JPH0598341 A JP H0598341A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- slag
- molten metal
- molten
- inclusions
- metal
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 6
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009849 vacuum degassing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 14
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000003749 cleanliness Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 25
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 25
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 8
- 229910004261 CaF 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000007872 degassing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007750 plasma spraying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000532 Deoxidized steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007751 thermal spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
Landscapes
- Treatment Of Steel In Its Molten State (AREA)
Abstract
(57)【要約】
【構成】 溶融金属を真空槽内に流出させ、微細化した
溶融金属が槽の底部に落下するまでの間に、その表面に
介在物吸収能のあるスラグを吹き付ける溶融金属の清浄
化法。
【効果】 溶融金属中のガスおよび介在物を効果的に除
去し、高清浄度金属を得ることができる。
(57) [Summary] [Structure] Molten metal that blows molten metal into a vacuum tank and sprays slag with the ability to absorb inclusions on its surface until the atomized molten metal falls to the bottom of the tank. Cleaning method. [Effect] The gas and inclusions in the molten metal can be effectively removed, and a high cleanliness metal can be obtained.
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【産業上の利用分野】本発明は、減圧下での溶融金属の
清浄化に関するものである。FIELD OF THE INVENTION This invention relates to cleaning molten metal under reduced pressure.
【０００２】溶融金属をスラグ層中を通過させる精錬法
としては、エレクトロスラグ再溶解法（ＥＳＲ法）がよ
く知られている。ＥＳＲ法は精錬する金属を電極とし
て、水冷鋳型内の溶融スラグ中に浸漬し、電流を流すこ
とにより発生するジュール熱にて電極を再溶解し、更に
水冷鋳型内に積層凝固させる再溶解法である。An electroslag remelting method (ESR method) is well known as a refining method for passing molten metal through a slag layer. The ESR method is a remelting method in which the metal to be refined is used as an electrode, immersed in molten slag in a water-cooled mold, the electrode is remelted by Joule heat generated by passing an electric current, and further laminated and solidified in a water-cooled mold. is there.
【０００３】ＥＳＲ法は溶融スラグ中で再溶解するため
に、雰囲気からの汚染が少なく、また再溶解された金属
は小さな粒子状になり、溶融スラグ中を滴下するため、
スラグ−メタル界面積が大きくなり良好な精錬効果が得
られる。しかしながら、ＥＳＲ法は一度凝固させた鋼塊
を再溶解するため、高コストとなる。また、再溶解した
溶鋼を溶融スラグ中を滴下させながら精錬するため、処
理速度も制限される。Since the ESR method re-melts in the molten slag, there is little pollution from the atmosphere, and the re-melted metal becomes small particles and drops in the molten slag.
The slag-metal interface area becomes large and a good refining effect can be obtained. However, since the ESR method remelts the steel ingot once solidified, the cost becomes high. Further, since the remelted molten steel is refined while being dropped in the molten slag, the processing speed is also limited.
【０００４】また、溶融スラグ中を金属を通過させる精
錬法としては、特開昭５９−２１４５３号公報、特開昭
５２−４２４１２号公報、特開昭５２−１４３９２２号
公報等がある。これらの手法は、あらかじめ溶融したス
ラグの上から溶融金属を細粒化して滴下し、溶融スラグ
内を通過させる際に精錬を行なうものであり、スラグ−
メタル界面積の増大により大きな精錬効果（介在物除去
効果）を得ている。Further, as refining methods for passing metal through molten slag, there are JP-A-59-21453, JP-A-52-42412 and JP-A-52-143922. In these methods, the molten metal is atomized and dropped from above the molten slag, and refining is performed when the molten metal is passed through the molten slag.
A large refining effect (inclusion removal effect) is obtained by increasing the metal boundary area.
【０００５】しかしながら、ＥＳＲ法はその高コストと
処理速度の面から大量生産には不適である。また上記各
公報記載の手法では大量生産は可能であるが、あらかじ
め多量のスラグを溶融しておく必要がある。従って本発
明は迅速かつ効果的にスラグ−メタル反応を進行させ、
溶融金属中の介在物を除去することを本発明の課題とす
る。However, the ESR method is not suitable for mass production because of its high cost and processing speed. Further, the methods described in the above publications enable mass production, but it is necessary to melt a large amount of slag in advance. Therefore, the present invention allows the slag-metal reaction to proceed rapidly and effectively,
It is an object of the present invention to remove inclusions in molten metal.
【０００６】[0006]
【課題を解決するための手段】上記の課題を解決するた
めに、本発明は、 １．溶融金属を真空槽内に流出させて真空脱ガスを行う
方法において、真空槽内にて微細化した溶融金属が落下
するまでの間に、その表面に介在物吸収能のあるスラグ
を吹付けることを特徴とした清浄鋼溶製方法、および、 ２．微細化した溶融金属にスラグを吹付ける際に、プラ
ズマを用いスラグを溶融状態にすることを特徴とする請
求項１記載の溶融金属の清浄化方法、を提供するもので
ある。In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides: In the method of performing vacuum degassing by flowing molten metal into a vacuum tank, spray slag capable of absorbing inclusions on the surface of the molten metal that has become finer in the vacuum tank before it falls. 1. A method for melting clean steel, characterized by 1. The method for cleaning molten metal according to claim 1, wherein when the slag is sprayed on the finely divided molten metal, plasma is used to bring the slag into a molten state.
【０００７】[0007]
【作用】本発明者らは溶融金属のガスーメタル反応界面
積を増大させ、脱ガス反応を促進させるために、減圧下
で溶融金属を微細化させる技術について出願を行なっ
た。（特願平２ー９９８１３号、特願平２ー１８８５０
８号、特願平３ー９３１９６号） 溶融金属の微細化を促進させるとその溶融金属粒滴内の
圧力Ｐは、減少する粒滴半径ｒに反比例して増大する。
従って粒滴の微細化が進行するに伴い、粒滴内圧力と雰
囲気圧力の差は増大する。そしてその圧力差の作用によ
り粒滴内の介在物は粒滴表面に排出される。The present inventors applied for a technique for refining the molten metal under reduced pressure in order to increase the gas-metal reaction interface area of the molten metal and accelerate the degassing reaction. (Japanese Patent Application No. 2-99813, Japanese Patent Application No. 2-18850)
No. 8, Japanese Patent Application No. 3-93196) When the refinement of the molten metal is promoted, the pressure P in the molten metal droplet increases in inverse proportion to the decreasing droplet radius r.
Therefore, as the miniaturization of the droplets progresses, the difference between the pressure inside the droplets and the atmospheric pressure increases. Then, due to the pressure difference, inclusions in the droplets are discharged to the surface of the droplets.
【０００８】このようにして、粒滴表面に排出された介
在物は、粒滴が真空槽内の溶融金属中に落下する際に、
その溶融金属表面に留まり、溶融金属と分離される。こ
れは粒滴径が小さい場合、落下時溶融金属内への侵入深
さが小さくなり、その結果介在物も溶融金属表面の近傍
で浮上するためである。この溶融金属の微細化による介
在物の排出、除去作用を促進させるためにはスラグを利
用し粒滴表面の介在物を吸収させることが有効である。In this way, the inclusions discharged to the surface of the droplets, when the droplets drop into the molten metal in the vacuum chamber,
It remains on the surface of the molten metal and is separated from the molten metal. This is because when the diameter of the droplet is small, the depth of penetration into the molten metal becomes small when dropped, and as a result, the inclusions also float near the surface of the molten metal. In order to accelerate the discharge and removal action of inclusions by refining the molten metal, it is effective to use slag to absorb the inclusions on the surface of the droplet.
【０００９】本発明では微細化した溶融金属の粒滴に、
介在物吸収能のあるスラグの粉体を吹き付け、粒滴表面
に付着させることにより、介在物除去効果を向上させ
た。粒滴表面に付着したスラグは介在物を吸収し、粒滴
と共に落下する。落下後、スラグは真空槽内の溶融金属
表面に留まり、スラグ層を形成するため、粒滴がスラグ
層を通過する際の介在物除去効果も同時に得られる。し
たがって、短い処理時間で、前述のＥＳＲと同程度の介
在物除去効果を得ることができる。In the present invention, finely divided droplets of molten metal are
The effect of removing inclusions was improved by spraying slag powder capable of absorbing inclusions and adhering them to the surface of the droplets. The slag adhering to the surface of the droplets absorbs inclusions and drops with the droplets. After dropping, the slag stays on the surface of the molten metal in the vacuum chamber and forms a slag layer, so that an effect of removing inclusions when the droplets pass through the slag layer can be obtained at the same time. Therefore, in a short processing time, it is possible to obtain the same effect of removing inclusions as the ESR described above.
【００１０】さらにスラグを吹き付ける際に、プラズマ
の熱を利用しスラグを溶融状態にし吹き付け（プラズマ
照射）、粒滴表面に付着させることにより、更にスラグ
ーメタル反応が促進でき、介在物除去効果も向上する。
またプラズマの熱エネルギーにより、溶融金属の温度降
下も低減できる。Further, when the slag is sprayed, the heat of the plasma is used to bring the slag into a molten state and sprayed (plasma irradiation), and the slag is adhered to the surface of the droplets, whereby the slag metal reaction can be further promoted and the inclusion removing effect is improved. .
Further, the thermal energy of the plasma can reduce the temperature drop of the molten metal.
【００１１】図１に示す真空処理装置を用いて本発明の
方法を実施し、溶鋼の清浄度の調査を行なった。取鍋１
内のＡｌ脱酸鋼２ｔｏｎをタンディッシュ２を介して下
ノズル３から真空度約１ｔｏｒｒに保持した真空槽内に
流出させた。ここで、下ノズル３としては、次の２つの
形式のものを使用した。１つは本発明者らが特願平２ー
９９８１３号として出願したＡｒガス混合ノズルであ
り、図２に示すようにノズル内を通過する溶鋼にノズル
側壁部からＡｒガスを吹込み、そのガスが真空下におい
て膨張、破裂を利用して、溶鋼を微細化し飛散させるも
のである。The method of the present invention was carried out by using the vacuum processing apparatus shown in FIG. 1, and the cleanliness of molten steel was investigated. Ladle 1
2 ton of Al deoxidized steel in the above was discharged from the lower nozzle 3 through the tundish 2 into a vacuum chamber maintained at a vacuum degree of about 1 torr. Here, as the lower nozzle 3, the following two types were used. One is an Ar gas mixing nozzle filed by the present inventors as Japanese Patent Application No. 2-99813, in which Ar gas is blown into the molten steel passing through the nozzle from the side wall of the nozzle as shown in FIG. , Which expands and bursts in a vacuum to make molten steel fine and scatter.
【００１２】また、他の形式は、本発明者らが特願平２
ー１８８５０８号として出願したスパイラル型ノズルで
ある。これは、図３に示すように、スパイラル形状部５
を内臓したノズルを使用するものであり、ノズル中を通
過する溶鋼に旋回力を与えて溶鋼を微細化し、飛散させ
るものである。ここで、スパイラル形状部５としては、
図４に拡大見取図を示すものを内臓させて使用した。こ
のような下ノズルを用いて真空槽内で溶鋼を微細化させ
ると共に、スラグ供給装置４から微細化した溶鋼にスラ
グを吹付けまたは、プラズマにより照射し、本法の介在
物除去効果を調査した。For other formats, the present inventors have filed Japanese Patent Application No. 2
It is a spiral type nozzle filed as No. 188508. As shown in FIG.
It uses a nozzle with a built-in nozzle, and imparts a swirling force to the molten steel passing through the nozzle to atomize the molten steel and scatter it. Here, as the spiral shaped portion 5,
The one shown in the enlarged schematic view of FIG. The molten steel was refined in a vacuum chamber using such a lower nozzle, and the refined molten steel was sprayed from the slag feeder 4 or irradiated with plasma to investigate the effect of removing inclusions in the present method. .
【００１３】本装置の溶鋼処理速度は約４kg/secであ
る。また、用いたスラグはＣａＯ−ＣａＦ2系、ＣａＯ
−ＣａＦ2−Ａｌ2Ｏ3、ＣａＯ−ＣａＦ2−Ａｌ2Ｏ3−Ｓ
ｉＯ3系等であるが、下記の実施例では４５％ＣａＯ−
１０％ＣａＦ2−４５％Ａｌ2Ｏ3のスラグを用いた場合
のものについて記載した。The molten steel processing speed of this apparatus is about 4 kg / sec. The slag used was CaO-CaF 2 system, CaO.
-CaF 2 -Al 2 O 3, CaO -CaF 2 -Al 2 O 3 -S
Although it is an iO 3 system, in the following examples, 45% CaO-
The case of using the slag of 10% CaF 2 -45% Al 2 O 3 is described.
【００１４】スラグの吹付けまたは照射を実施しない場
合の実験結果を表１に示す。Ｎｏ.１は通常の下ノズル
を用い溶鋼の微細化をしなかった場合である。タンディ
ッシュから真空槽への溶鋼の移し替えにより約５０％の
Ｔ.Ｏ（全酸素量）の低減及び約６０％の介在物数の減
少が観察された。Table 1 shows the experimental results when the slag was not sprayed or irradiated. No. 1 is a case where the molten steel was not refined using a normal lower nozzle. A transfer of molten steel from the tundish to the vacuum chamber was observed to reduce the TO (total oxygen content) by about 50% and the number of inclusions by about 60%.
【００１５】Ｎｏ.２は下ノズルＡｒガス混合法により
真空槽内で溶鋼を微細化した場合である。溶鋼の微細化
に伴う介在物の排出作用により、スラグなしでも、Ｔ．
Ｏ及び介在物の低減が促進されている。また、溶鋼の微
細化による脱ガス界面積の増大に伴い、脱ガス率も
［Ｈ］で約９０％、［Ｎ］で約３０％と高い値を示して
いる。No. 2 is a case where the molten steel is refined in the vacuum chamber by the lower nozzle Ar gas mixing method. Even without slag, the T.O.
Reduction of O and inclusions is promoted. Further, as the degassing interface area increases due to the refinement of molten steel, the degassing rate also shows a high value of about 90% for [H] and about 30% for [N].
【００１６】[0016]
【表１】 [Table 1]
【００１７】[0017]
【実施例１】Ａｒガス混合法にて微細化した溶鋼にＣａ
Ｏ−ＣａＦ2−Ａｌ2Ｏ3系スラグを吹付けた場合の実験
結果を表２に示す。Ｎｏ.３はスラグを２kg／ton ，N
o．４はスラグ５kg／ton 吹付けた場合である。スラグ
を用いない比較例の場合に比べＴ．Ｏ及び介在物の低減
効果が向上している。さらにスラグの脱Ｓ効果により
［Ｓ］も約１／２にまで低減されている。またこれらの
効果はスラグ供給量の増加に伴い増大する傾向にある。[Example 1] Ca was added to molten steel refined by an Ar gas mixing method.
O-CaF 2 -Al 2 O 3 slag experimental results in the case of blowing shown in Table 2. No.3 is 2kg / ton slag, N
o. No. 4 is the case of spraying 5 kg / ton of slag. Compared to the case of the comparative example not using slag, The effect of reducing O and inclusions is improved. Furthermore, [S] is reduced to about 1/2 due to the effect of removing S from the slag. In addition, these effects tend to increase as the slag supply increases.
【００１８】[0018]
【表２】 [Table 2]
【００１９】[0019]
【実施例２】次に、微細化した溶鋼にスラグをプラズマ
により溶融し溶射した場合の実験結果を表３に示す。プ
ラズマ溶射はＣａＯ−ＣａＦ2−Ａｌ2Ｏ3系のスラグを
用い出力５００ｋｗのプラズマ溶射トーチを用い実施し
た。プラズマ照射の対象となる溶鋼が微細化され空間中
にあるため、プラズマの電極とすることができない。し
たがって、プラズマトーチ内に＋極と−極の両方を装備
した非移行型のプラズマ装置を用いた。プラズマトーチ
先端と溶鋼を流出させるノズル中心軸との距離は３００
ｍｍとした。Example 2 Next, Table 3 shows the experimental results in the case where slag is melted by plasma in finely divided molten steel and sprayed. The plasma spraying was performed using a CaO—CaF 2 —Al 2 O 3 system slag and a plasma spraying torch with an output of 500 kw. Since the molten steel to be plasma-irradiated is miniaturized and is present in the space, it cannot be used as a plasma electrode. Therefore, a non-transfer type plasma device equipped with both + and − electrodes in the plasma torch was used. The distance between the tip of the plasma torch and the central axis of the nozzle through which molten steel flows out is 300
mm.
【００２０】Ｎｏ.５はＡｒガス混合法により微細化し
た溶鋼にスラグを２kg／ton 、Ｎｏ.６はスラグを５kg
／ton 溶射した場合である。単にスラグを吹付ける場合
に比べ、溶射した場合は、スラグが溶融しておりスラグ
−メタル反応が促進されるため、更にＴ.Ｏ及び介在物
除去効果が向上している。No. 5 is 2 kg of slag in molten steel refined by Ar gas mixing method, and No. 6 is 5 kg of slag.
/ Ton When sprayed. In the case of thermal spraying, the slag is molten and the slag-metal reaction is promoted as compared with the case of simply spraying slag, so the TO and inclusion removal effect is further improved.
【００２１】Ｎｏ.７は溶鋼の微細化にスパイラル・ノ
ズル法を用いた場合である。この手法では微細化した溶
鋼周りにＡｒガスの流れがないため、溶射されたスラグ
と溶鋼との付着効率が向上し、Ｔ.Ｏ及び介在物除去効
果も若干増大する傾向にある。No. 7 is a case where the spiral nozzle method is used for refining molten steel. In this method, since there is no flow of Ar gas around the refined molten steel, the adhesion efficiency between the sprayed slag and the molten steel is improved, and the effect of removing TO and inclusions tends to be slightly increased.
【００２２】[0022]
【表３】 [Table 3]
【００２３】[0023]
【発明の効果】本発明によれば、溶融金属中の介在物を
迅速かつ効果的に除去し、高清浄度金属の溶製を可能に
する。According to the present invention, inclusions in molten metal can be removed quickly and effectively, and high-cleanliness metal can be melted.
【図１】本発明の方法の実施に使用する溶融金属の真空
処理装置である。FIG. 1 is a vacuum processing apparatus for molten metal used for carrying out the method of the present invention.
【図２】不活性ガスを吹き込んで溶鋼を微細化させる型
式のノズルを示す図である。FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a nozzle of a type that blows an inert gas to atomize molten steel.
【図３】スパイラル形状部を内臓し、溶鋼を微細化させ
る型式の下ノズルを示す図である。FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a lower nozzle of a type in which a spiral-shaped portion is incorporated to refine molten steel.
【図４】スパイラル形状部を拡大した見取図である。FIG. 4 is an enlarged schematic view of a spiral-shaped portion.
１：取鍋 ２：タンディッシュ ３：下ノズル ４：スラグ供給装置（兼プラズマ溶射トーチ） ５：スパイラル形状部 1: Ladle 2: Tundish 3: Lower nozzle 4: Slag feeder (also plasma spray torch) 5: Spiral shaped part
Claims (2)
ガスを行う方法において、真空槽内にて微細化した溶融
金属が落下するまでの間に、その表面に介在物吸収能の
あるスラグを吹付けることを特徴とする溶融金属の清浄
化方法。1. In a method of outflowing molten metal into a vacuum chamber for vacuum degassing, the surface of the molten metal having a capability of absorbing inclusions until the finely divided molten metal falls. A method for cleaning molten metal, which comprises spraying slag.
際に、プラズマを用いスラグを溶融状態にすることを特
徴とする請求項１記載の溶融金属の清浄化方法。2. The method for cleaning molten metal according to claim 1, wherein when the slag is sprayed on the finely divided molten metal, plasma is used to bring the slag into a molten state.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP3281841A JPH0598341A (en) | 1991-10-03 | 1991-10-03 | Method for cleaning molten metal |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP3281841A JPH0598341A (en) | 1991-10-03 | 1991-10-03 | Method for cleaning molten metal |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH0598341A true JPH0598341A (en) | 1993-04-20 |
Family
ID=17644761
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP3281841A Pending JPH0598341A (en) | 1991-10-03 | 1991-10-03 | Method for cleaning molten metal |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH0598341A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR100275326B1 (en) * | 1996-12-03 | 2000-12-15 | 이구택 | The removing method of oxidation inclusion |
-
1991
- 1991-10-03 JP JP3281841A patent/JPH0598341A/en active Pending
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR100275326B1 (en) * | 1996-12-03 | 2000-12-15 | 이구택 | The removing method of oxidation inclusion |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| US3627293A (en) | Apparatus for purifying metals by pouring through slag | |
| KR20020086909A (en) | Clean melt nucleated casting systems and methods with cooling of the casting | |
| JPH06271922A (en) | Production of high cleanliness metal by making molten metal drips | |
| JP2001293552A5 (en) | ||
| KR100628591B1 (en) | Casting apparatus and casting method for performing auxiliary cooling on the liquidus portion of the casting | |
| JP2017166026A (en) | Manufacturing method of high cleanliness steel | |
| JP2001212662A5 (en) | ||
| JP2003521377A5 (en) | ||
| JPS6320421A (en) | Apparatus and method for purifying melt | |
| JPH0598341A (en) | Method for cleaning molten metal | |
| GB2117417A (en) | Producing high-purity ceramics- free metallic powders | |
| US3251680A (en) | Method and apparatus for treating steels | |
| JPH01180764A (en) | Continuous casting method for high-clean steel | |
| JP6547638B2 (en) | Method of manufacturing high purity steel | |
| JP2003211255A (en) | Method for continuously casting aluminum cast block | |
| CN112296343A (en) | Method for preparing ultrafine metal powder by hollow electrode smelting | |
| JP2896198B2 (en) | Casting method for steel with excellent resistance to hydrogen-induced cracking | |
| JP2614915B2 (en) | Melting method of clean steel using droplet degassing method | |
| JPH02179813A (en) | Method for refining molten metal into high purity and high cleanliness | |
| JP3892569B2 (en) | Method for cleaning molten steel | |
| JP3054897B2 (en) | Cleaning method for molten steel in tundish | |
| EP1218553A1 (en) | Purification hearth | |
| SU981384A1 (en) | Method for refining structural and alloy steels | |
| JPH10193050A (en) | Method for continuously casting molten metal | |
| Hohmann et al. | New concepts for inter gas atomization plants |