JPH0583915B2 - - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to an automatic performance device that stores performance data, reads out the performance data, and automatically performs the performance, and particularly relates to an automatic performance device that stores performance data based on the operation of a performance operator. Regarding equipment.

Conventionally, in an automatic performance device that stores data for automatic performance (performance data) and reads out this performance data for automatic performance, multiple operations are required to select and specify the pitch, note length, etc. of the performance data to be stored. Some had children. In this type of automatic performance device, when storing performance data, the pitch and note length of the performance data to be stored are selected and specified by operating the controllers. For example, JP-A-55-
The one described in Publication No. 100593 is known.

On the other hand, performance data is also stored based on the operation of performance controls such as a keyboard.
For example, the one described in Japanese Utility Model Application Publication No. 58-84694 is known.

In the prior art disclosed in this publication, musical tone data indicating the operation status of a performance operator and time data indicating the timing at which the performance operator was operated are stored as a data block (performance data). In this case, timing data is created by counting clocks with a fixed period. When reproducing data, the data block is read out using a clock signal whose cycle is set relative to the cycle of the clock signal during storage.

However, such conventional automatic performance devices have a problem in that no consideration is given to the tempo of the player's performance when storing the performance data and the degree of freedom of the tempo when reading the performance data. That is, when storing data, the storage process is based on a clock signal of a fixed period, and when reading data, the tempo can only be set by what percentage it should be faster (or slower) than the tempo at the time of recording.

In addition, in such conventional automatic performance devices, time data is obtained by counting clock signals with a fixed period, so in order to faithfully memorize the operations of the performance controls, it is necessary to calculate the clock signal. The cycle must be kept short. However, the shorter the period of the clock signal, the more
There is a problem in that the value of the time data obtained by counting the clock signals increases, and the storage capacity of the storage device for storing the time data increases.

The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned problems.The present invention allows the tempo to be set arbitrarily when storing and reading performance data, and the performance data can be efficiently stored without increasing the capacity of the storage device. It is an object of the present invention to provide an automatic performance device that can play music at any desired tempo.

An embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing the configuration of an automatic performance device 1 to which the method according to the present invention is applied. It has both a function of recording data and a function of outputting the recorded data to the electronic musical instrument 2 and causing the electronic musical instrument 2 to perform automatically.

First, in the electronic musical instrument 2, code 2a is the CPU
(central processing unit) and is connected to each part via a bus line 2b. 2c is a ROM (read-on memory) in which a program used in the CPU 2a and a tempo table to be described later are stored in advance; 2d is a RAM (random access memory); 2e is a keyboard tone forming section; and 2f is an operation panel. The operation panel 2f is provided with operation switches such as a tone setting switch and an effect setting switch, as well as an operator 2f-1 that sets the speed of the music and a speed that is set by this operator 2f-1. Display device 2f that displays the speed of the song
-2 are provided respectively. Further, 2g is a buffer circuit, 2h is a rhythm sound forming section, and 2i is a programmable frequency divider that divides the frequency of the clock pulse CP, the frequency division ratio of which is determined based on tempo data supplied from the CPU 2a. Further, 2j is an oscillator that generates a clock pulse CP which is the basis of the rhythm sound formed in the rhythm sound forming section 2h.

Next, in the automatic performance device 1, the code 4 is
CPU, address bus AB, data bus DB
It is connected to each part of the device via. 5 is CPU
This is a ROM in which programs and tempo tables used in 4 are stored in advance. The tempo table stored in the ROM 5 is the same as the tempo table stored in the ROM 2c described above. 6 is a dynamic RAM for data storage, 7 is a controller,
8 is FDC (floppy disk controller),
9 is an FDD (floppy disk drive). In this case, the controller 7 is a D-RAM controller that controls reading/writing of the RAM 6;
It consists of a DMA (direct memory access) controller and a timer that control data transfer between the RAM6 and the floppy disk in the FDD9, and the timer sends an interrupt signal every time a certain period of time elapses. I ₁ is output. The interrupt signal _I1 is an interrupt signal for checking the status of each operation switch on the operation panel 15 and displaying information on the panel surface of the operation panel 2f. 10 is an interrupt processing circuit which receives an interrupt signal I ₁ output from the controller 7 and an interrupt signal output from the frequency divider 11.
I ₂ receives an interrupt signal I ₃ output from an ACIA (asynchronous communication interface adapter) 12 and outputs an interrupt signal I _c to the CPU 4.

The buffer memory 13 temporarily stores musical tone data output from the electronic musical instrument 2, and
This is a memory in which musical tone data transferred from the CPU 4 to the electronic musical instrument 2 is temporarily written. Frequency divider 11
is a programmable frequency divider that divides the clock pulse CP supplied from the oscillator 2j of the electronic musical instrument 2 via the terminal _T2 , and its frequency division ratio is determined by the CPU 4.
The pulse signal obtained as a result of frequency division is supplied to the interrupt processing circuit 10 as an interrupt signal _I2 . The operation panel 15 includes various operation switches, a numerical display, and a playback tempo setting switch 15a shown in FIG.
and an interface circuit for connecting these and the CPU 4. ACIA1
2 is an asynchronous interface adapter for data transmission, which converts the data supplied from the CPU 4 into serial data and outputs it to the external controller 16 via the terminal T ₃ , and from the external controller 16 to the terminal T ₄ Converts the serial data supplied via the converter into parallel data and outputs it to the CPU 4.
As the external controller 16, a device that synchronizes and drives a plurality of automatic performance devices 1 and electronic musical instruments 2 in parallel, or a device that inputs musical tone data to the automatic performance device 1 using KEY, etc. is used. Further, the address decoder 17 is
The address signal supplied from the CPU 4 via the address bus AB is decoded, and each circuit 10, 13, 11, 15, 12
are respectively enabled. As a result, each circuit 10, 13, 11, 15, 12 becomes a data bus.
Connected to DB. Note that when the CPU 4 is outputting an address signal specifying the address of ROM 5 or RAM 6, the controller 7 outputs the signal AE.
is supplied to the address decoder 17. In this case, the address decoder 17 is connected to each circuit 10, 13,
11, 15, and 12 are each placed in a disable state (high impedance state when viewed from the data bus DB).

Next, the operations of the automatic performance device 1 and the electronic musical instrument 2 having the above configuration will be explained.

(1) Operation when recording musical sound data In this case, the performer of the electronic musical instrument 2 first operates the operation switches on the operation panel 2f to set the tone and effect, and then uses the operator 2f-1 to record the music. Set the speed. When these settings are made by the performer, panel data corresponding to the set timbre and effect and tempo data corresponding to the set speed are each supplied to the CPU 2a. CPU2
A supplies the panel data to the keyboard tone forming section 2e, converts the tempo data into frequency division ratio data based on the tempo table in the ROM 2c, and sets this frequency division ratio data in the frequency divider 2i. Thereafter, the frequency divider 2i divides the clock pulse CP at a frequency division ratio based on the tempo data and outputs it as a tempo pulse TP to the rhythm sound forming section 2h. Thereby, preparations are made for forming a rhythm sound at a tempo that corresponds to the set speed.

Next, the performer presses a recording start button provided on the operation panel 15 of the automatic performance device 1. At this time, musical tone data corresponding to the set tone color and effect, and tempo data corresponding to the set speed are respectively written into the buffer memory 13. Thereafter, the keyboard of the electronic musical instrument 2 is played in accordance with the rhythm sound. When the recording start button is pressed, the CPU
4 first stores each data stored in the buffer memory 13 in the first address of a predetermined area in the RAM 6 (hereinafter referred to as musical tone data area). Buffer memory 13 to RAM6
During the data transfer stage, a data check is performed. At this time, when tempo data is detected, frequency division ratio data based on the tempo setting at that time is created based on a tempo table stored in advance in the ROM 5. This frequency division ratio data is set in the frequency divider 11. As a result, from now on, the frequency divider 11 outputs an interrupt signal _I2 with a period corresponding to the speed set by the performer, and the interrupt signal I2 is outputted via the interrupt processing circuit 10.
Supplied to CPU4. Note that the ratio of the cycle of the interrupt signal _I2 in this case and the cycle of the tempo pulse TP described above to the same tempo is constant.

Next, when the performer plays the electronic musical instrument 2, musical tone data is sequentially supplied to the buffer memory 13 according to the performer's key operations or operation switches, and is written into the memory 13. It can be done. For example, if a performer turns on a certain key,
The key code of the same key and data indicating key-on are each supplied to the buffer memory 13 as musical tone data, and when the performer turns off a certain key, the key code of the same key and data indicating key-off are supplied to the buffer memory 13 as musical tone data.
supplied to On the other hand, the CPU 4 checks the contents of the buffer memory 13 every time the interrupt signal _I2 output from the frequency divider 11 is supplied via the interrupt processing circuit 10, and if new musical tone data has been input, the CPU 4 checks the contents of the buffer memory 13. is the event block EB shown in Figure 4.
Create in RAM6. This event block
In EB, timer data L and H are data indicating the time difference between the creation time of the previous event block EB and the current creation time, and are used as interrupt signals.
This is data whose unit time is the period of I ₂ . In addition,
By combining timer data L and H, data indicating the above-mentioned time difference is obtained. Furthermore, the musical tone data written in the buffer memory 13 and the byte number data are both data indicating the total number of bytes of the event block EB. In addition,
The byte number data is the same data, and two pieces of the same data are provided for checking. This event block EB is created every time new musical tone data is detected, and each event block EB is sequentially written into the musical tone data area of the RAM 6 mentioned above.

Next, when the performer finishes playing one song,
The player presses the end button provided on the operation panel 15 of the automatic performance device 1. When this end button is pressed, the CPU 4 outputs the addresses of the first sector and last sector in the floppy disk, the total number of sectors, the number of bytes of all data written in the same area, and a data transfer command to the controller 7. do. The controller 7 receives this data transfer command and transfers all data in the musical tone data area via the FDC 8.
The data is transferred to the FDD9 using DMA mode and written to the FDD9's floppy disk, completing the recording of performance information. In addition, when writing music data to the floppy disk of FDD9, data is written (transferred) to the floppy disk each time one sector of the data is written to the floppy disk.
is becoming more and more common.

(2) Operation during musical tone data playback (automatic performance) In this case, the playback tempo setting switch 15a (third
Set the playback tempo (automatic performance speed) using the steps shown in Fig. 1, and then press the playback start button provided on the operation panel 15. Note that the tempo variable switch is enabled both before the playback start button is pressed and after the playback start button is pressed and playback begins, so that the tempo can be varied even while the song is being played. When the playback start button is pressed,
CPU4 detects this and first transfers the data stored on the floppy disk in FDD9 to RAM.
A transfer command is output to the controller 7 to transfer it to the musical tone data area No. 6. The controller 7 receives this transfer command and transfers each data in the floppy disk to the RAM 6 in DMA mode.
As a result, each piece of data is sequentially stored in the musical tone data area in exactly the same state as when the data was recorded. The state information of the playback tempo variable switch 15a is taken into the CPU 4 when the switch 15a is operated and changes from the previous state, and is sent to the automatic performance device 1.
Reset the tempo of electronic musical instrument 2. Next CPU4
saves the tempo data in the temporary storage area above.
It is converted into frequency division ratio data based on the tempo table in the ROM 6 and set in the frequency divider 11. Thereby, the frequency divider 11 outputs an interrupt signal _I2 having a period corresponding to the tempo data in the temporary storage area. Next, the CPU 4 inputs the panel data in the first address of the musical tone data area of the RAM 6, that is, the data indicating the tone and effect of the musical tone as described above.
It is output to the buffer memory 13 together with the tempo data in the temporary storage area of the RAM 6. These data are stored in the RAM 2 by the CPU 2a of the electronic musical instrument 2.
Transferred within d. The CPU 2a of the electronic musical instrument 2 is
After the data transfer described above, the panel data read into the RAM 2d is output to the keyboard musical tone forming section 2e to set the tone and effect of the musical tone, and
The tempo data read into the ROM 2d is converted into frequency division ratio data based on the tempo table within the ROM 2c, and this frequency division ratio data is set in the frequency divider 2i.

Thereafter, the frequency divider 2i supplies a tempo pulse TP with a period corresponding to the set frequency division ratio data to the rhythm sound forming section 2h, thereby generating a rhythm sound with a tempo corresponding to the tempo data.

To change the tempo data, the data is checked during the data transfer stage from the RAM 6 to the buffer memory 13, and when tempo data is detected, the information is taken into the CPU 4, and the tempo table and the state of the tempo variable switch 15a are referred to. This is done by transferring the converted data to the buffer memory 13 based on the converted data.

The CPU 4 of the automatic performance device 1 stores the above-mentioned panel data and tempo data in the buffer memory 13.
After outputting the data to the electronic musical instrument 2, automatic performance of the electronic musical instrument 2 is performed in the next process. That is, first, the first event block EB in the musical tone data area of RAM6 (the first event block created during data recording) is
EB) timer data time is measured based on the interrupt signal _I2 . Then, when this time has elapsed, the musical tone data in the same event block EB is output to the buffer memory 13. This musical tone data is sent to the keyboard musical tone forming section 2 by the CPU 2a of the electronic musical instrument 2.
e, and thereby a musical tone based on the same musical tone data is generated. For example, if the musical tone data is data indicating the key code and key-on of a certain key, a musical tone of the pitch of the same key is generated. Next, the CPU 4 starts measuring the timer data of the second event block EB in the musical tone data area. Then, when this time has elapsed, the musical tone data in the same event block EB is output to the buffer memory 13. This music data is CPU2
The data is transferred to the keyboard musical tone forming section 2e by a, and thereby a musical tone is generated (or stopped) based on the musical tone data. Thereafter, the same process is repeated and the electronic musical instrument 2 performs automatically.

Next, the tempo table set in the ROM 5 of the automatic performance device 1 will be explained. This tempo table is a table for converting the tempo table into frequency division ratio data as described above, and the frequency division ratio of the frequency divider 11 is determined based on the frequency division ratio data obtained from this tempo table. .

First, in this embodiment, the length of a quarter note corresponds to 24 pulses of the interrupt signal _I2 , as shown in FIG. In other words, the frequency division ratio of the frequency divider 11 is set so that the period of the interrupt signal I ₂ is 1/2 ³ × 1/3 ¹ = 1/24 of the length of a quarter note. By doing this, each of the dotted eighth notes, eighth notes, dotted sixteenth notes, sixteenth notes, thirty-second notes, and triplet notes shown in _FIG . It becomes possible to express it accurately by .

Next, for example, the operator 2f- of the electronic musical instrument 2
Assume that a speed of "quarter note = 120" is set by 1. Note that this speed is the speed at which quarter notes are played 120 times in a row per minute.In other words, the length (duration) of a quarter note is 60/120 times.
The speed is such that 120=0.5 (sec). In this case, in order to make the length of a quarter note correspond to 24 pulses of the interrupt signal _I2 , the period of the interrupt signal _I2 may be set to 0.5 (sec)/24=20.83 (msec). On the other hand, the period of the clock pulse CP is 0.01 msec. Therefore, if the frequency division ratio of the frequency divider 11 is 20.83/0.01=2083, when the set speed is "quarter note = 120", the length of the quarter note is determined by the length of the interrupt signal _I2 . Can correspond to 24 pulses.

In other words, the tempo table in ROM5 contains
A frequency division ratio of "2083" is set corresponding to speed data representing a speed of "quarter note = 120".
The same applies to other tempo data. For example, for a speed of "quarter note = 100", the frequency division ratio "2500" is obtained from the formula 60 x 1000/100 ÷ 24 ÷ 0.01 = 2500, and therefore the tempo table shows "quarter note = 100". Frequency division ratio data of ``2500'' is set corresponding to tempo data representing a speed of ``note = 100''.

Therefore, in the above embodiment, the period of the interrupt signal _I2 is set to 1/24 of the length of a quarter note, but if you want to represent a 64th note or a quintuplet, for example, The period of the signal I ₂ may be further shortened. Generally, the period of the interrupt signal I ₂ is the length of a quarter note, 1/2 ^k (1)×1/3 ^k (2)×…×1/M ^k (n)… However, K(n): Positive integer M: If multiplied by a positive prime number, any note (rest) can be an interrupt signal.
It can be expressed accurately by the number of pulses of I ₂ .

As explained above, according to the present invention, the following effects can be obtained.

(1) Timing data is created by counting frequency-divided clocks corresponding to the set tempo, so it is possible to prevent the timing data value from becoming significantly large when the set tempo is slow. , the storage capacity required for storing performance data can be saved.

(2) The time accuracy of the musical tone generation timing is determined by the frequency of the dividing clock used for creating timing data and timing, and the frequency of this dividing clock is determined by the dividing ratio stored in the dividing ratio data storage means. Determined by data. Therefore, by storing the optimum frequency division ratio data corresponding to each tempo in the frequency division ratio data storage means, the time accuracy of the timing data can be maximized.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a timing diagram for explaining how notes are represented in an automatic performance device, FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing the configuration of an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 3 is a playback tempo setting switch 15a in the same embodiment.
FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the configuration of the event block EB used in the same embodiment, and FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the relationship between the interrupt signal _I2 and the length of a note. 4...CPU, 5...ROM, 6...RAM, 1
1... Frequency divider, I ₂ ... Pulse signal (interrupt signal).

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1. A clock signal generator that generates a clock signal with a constant period; and a frequency divider that divides the frequency of the clock signal based on input frequency division ratio data to generate a divided clock signal with a predetermined period. means, a tempo setting operator for setting a tempo, a division ratio data storage means storing division ratio data corresponding to each value of the tempo, a performance operator, an operated performance operator, and event data storage means for storing musical tone data indicating on/off thereof and timing data indicating the timing at which the performance operator is operated; mode setting means for selectively setting a storage mode and a playback mode; Each time the tempo setting operator is operated in the storage mode and the playback mode, frequency division ratio data corresponding to the tempo set by the tempo setting operator is read from the frequency division ratio data storage means and When in the storage mode, in response to the operation of the performance operator, musical tone data regarding the performance operator is created and stored in the event data storage means, and the frequency division means generates musical tone data. Timing data is created by counting frequency clock signals and stored in the event data storage means, and in a playback mode, the timing data is stored in the event data storage means based on the frequency division clock signal generated by the frequency division means. Measure timing data,
An automatic performance device comprising: a control means for sequentially reading out the musical tone data according to the time measurement result.