JPH056165A - Automatic playing piano - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To improve expression force of automatic playing by fuzzy-inferring automatic playing information given in a style such as MIDI format. CONSTITUTION:Based on an input event line, the corrected values of the timing and the force of key depression are inferred by a fuzzy inference means from the CPU in a key drive unit 13. The event line comprises on-velocity, gate time, interval time, and the like, input based on a MIDI format for example. Based on the event line, the way how is the playing means is inferred, and the timing or the force is corrected corresponding to the inference. For example when it is judged to be playing of staccato, the key 3 is strongly driven only in a short time. Further, in the case of repeated depression before the key 3 is returned, next key drive is begun in OFF of the key. By such instruction, based on automatic playing data recorded with a simple format, automatic performance having the expression force near to actual performance can be performed.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an automatic playing piano that automatically plays based on automatic playing data.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art An automatic performance piano has been put into practical use in which keys and pedals of a piano can be driven by a solenoid, and data for instructing driving timing and force is input to perform an automatic performance. In order to generate the automatic performance data which is such a data string, an actual musician plays a piano having a performance state detection function, and the performance state is converted into data. The automatic performance data is configured in the so-called MIDI format and has MID
The I-format data includes on-velocity, off-velocity, key-on time information (gate time), key-off time information (interval time), key number of the key, and the like.

[0003]

However, the actual playing state cannot be sufficiently converted into data only by the above-mentioned types of data. For example, in the case of so-called repeated taps of the same key continuously at short intervals, in the actual performance the next keystroke is started before the key returns to the original state, but in the automatic playing piano the key is fully swung. Since it was only possible to give an instruction to make it, it was not possible to reproduce the above-mentioned repeated hits, and in the case of repeated hits, processing was performed to extend the interval time. Moreover, it was not possible to cope with playing techniques such as extremely shallow key touch and staccato. In order to realize such a playing technique, it is necessary to increase the data amount of the automatic playing data and instruct the fine movements of the keys themselves, but since the data amount becomes enormous, it is a control that processes it in real time. There was a drawback that the burden on the system became large.

It is an object of the present invention to provide an automatic performance piano which can infer the performance technique and reproduce it in an automatic performance by fuzzy inferring automatic performance information given in a format such as MIDI format. And

[0005]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION According to the present invention, a driving means for driving a key with a timing designated by event data and a designated force, and the timing and force of the keystroke based on an inputted event data sequence. Fuzzy inference means for inferring a correction value.

[0006]

In the automatic playing piano of the present invention, the keying timing and the correction value of the force are inferred based on the input event sequence (fuzzy inference means). The input event sequence is, for example, on-velocity, gate time, interval time, etc. input based on the MIDI format. Based on the sequence of events, the performance method is inferred and the timing and power are corrected accordingly. For example, when it is determined that the player is playing staccato, the key is strongly driven for a short time. Further, in the case of repeated hits, it is instructed to start the next keystroke before the key is returned at key-off. By giving such an instruction, it becomes possible to perform an expressive automatic performance close to an actual performance based on the automatic performance data recorded in a simple format.

[0007]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the structure of an automatic playing piano which is an embodiment of the present invention. A control wagon 2 is connected to the automatic performance piano body 1 via a connection cable 20. MDR unit 1 for control wagon 2
0, a power transformer 11 and a power supply unit 12 are provided. The MDR unit 10 has a floppy disk drive. A floppy disk in which automatic performance data is recorded is set in the floppy disk drive. The MDR unit 10 reads this and sends it to the key drive unit 13 and the pedal drive unit 14 provided in the automatic performance piano body 1. The power transformer 11 and the power unit 12 supply electric power to the solenoids that drive the keys and pedals 4 of the automatic playing piano 1. The auto-playing piano body 1 has a key drive unit 13 and a pedal drive unit 1
4 is provided, and each key 3 is provided with a key sensor unit 15, a sensor sheet 16, and a hammer sensor unit 17. These sensors detect the key-on and key-off of each key, and also detect the key-pressing speed and the like. These functions when detecting the strength of keystrokes in the actual performance and recording them on the floppy disk as automatic performance data. The key drive unit 13 is provided with a circuit for driving a solenoid and a CPU sheet. Fuzzy inference is executed in this CPU sheet.

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an actual performance of a piano and MIDI data generated by the performance. When the key is operated continuously as shown in the figure, key-on data and key-off data accompanied by the key code of the key are generated at the timing of key-on and key-off, respectively, and key-on velocity data and key-off velocity data are generated. Further, data relating to the key-on time and the key-off time are generated as the gate time and the interval time.

3 to 5 show the key drive unit 1
It is a figure which shows the fuzzy rule, membership function, etc. which are used for the fuzzy inference performed in the CPU sheet of FIG. FIG. 3 shows a fuzzy rule. In this fuzzy inference, the depth of keystroke is inferred based on data of on-velocity, off-velocity, gate time and interval time given as automatic performance data. The depth of tapping corresponds to the playing technique,
By inferring this, the timbre of the piano can be controlled.

FIG. 4 shows a membership function used for the fuzzy inference. While on velocity and off velocity is given as 00 _H ~7F _H of 7-bit data, based on this, S (small), M
The degree of belonging of three fuzzy sets (medium) and B (large) is determined. Further, the gate time and the interval time are determined based on the time, the degree of belonging of S, M, B. Furthermore, the conclusion part uses the membership function regarding the keystroke depth. Based on this, the degree of keystroke depth is inferred.

FIG. 5 is a table for determining the duty ratio of the solenoid drive for each of shallow keystroke, normal keystroke and deep keystroke. Each table is configured to calculate the duty ratio based on the magnitude of on-velocity. Even with the same velocity, the duty ratio varies depending on the touch depth. This can change the tone of the piano. One of these three types of tables may be selected according to the conclusion output of fuzzy inference, or the contents of a plurality of tables may be weighted averaged depending on the degree of output.

Although this inference is performed on the basis of four input variables, the off-velocity can be removed from the symmetry of inference to make a simpler inference method.

FIG. 6 is a diagram for explaining another embodiment of the present invention. In the above embodiment, the fuzzy inference is performed only based on the automatic performance data input as MIDI data, but in this embodiment, the actual performance state based on the fuzzy inference is detected by using the sensor, and the inference is input. The contents detected by this sensor are added to the variables. It is possible to perform feedback control in which the performance state as a result of the inference is weaker when the performance state is stronger than the target value, and stronger when the performance state is weaker than the target value.

[0014]

As described above, in the automatic playing piano of the present invention, since the playing method and state can be inferred based on the input event sequence and reflected in the automatic playing, it is possible to increase the amount of data without increasing the data amount. The expressive power of automatic performance can be improved.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a configuration of an automatic playing piano which is an embodiment of the present invention,

[FIG. 2] Actual playing state and MI generated thereby
Diagram showing the relationship with DI data,

FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a fuzzy rule used in the automatic playing piano,

FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a membership function used in the fuzzy rule;

FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a solenoid drive table used in the automatic playing piano;

FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating another embodiment of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

 13-key drive unit.

Claims (1)

Claims: 1. A drive means for driving a key with a timing designated by event data and a designated force, and a correction value of the keying timing and force based on an inputted event data sequence. A fuzzy inference means for deducing a piano and an automatic performance piano.