JPH04503487A - wheel suspension system - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

[Detailed description of the invention] wheel suspension system Background of the invention Technical field The present invention relates to a wheel suspension system, particularly for use with wide and low cargo floors such as trailers and semi-trailers. The present invention relates to a wheel suspension system that independently supports the wheels of a vehicle in which wheels are desired.

, prior art Virtually every product on the market is loaded onto a truck or tractor trailer at some point. Therefore, it was transported. A trailer or semi-trailer is used for long distance transportation. Often used in place of trains.

For bread, trailers, etc., the larger the cargo volume when fully loaded, the more the goods will be transported. It is obvious that the transportation cost per unit distance of goods will decrease. However, these vehicles There are restrictions on dimensions. The maximum dimensions of vehicles running on public roads are limited by law.

Of course, for trailers transported by train, standardized track vehicle dimensions are used. limits the maximum trailer dimensions.

A track vehicle carrying trailers is always loaded with two trailers (2TI). Standard type gauge The trailer for road transportation has a maximum length of approximately 13.7 m (45 ft) and a maximum ground height of approximately 4.1 m. m (162inL) maximum width is approximately 2.6m (102in).For the above reasons, These dimensions cannot be exceeded. Therefore, in order to increase the luggage compartment capacity, It is impractical to increase the size of the trailer.

In conventional orbital transport trailers, the floor of the cargo compartment, i.e. the bottom of the trailer body, is one level above the ground. - Contains rear wheels, axles, suspensions, etc., separated by 2 m (several feet).

Pneumatic suspension systems for tractors and trailers reduce the clearance between the floor and the road surface. Closed. However, the increase in baggage storage capacity due to this is slight. air suspension system Examples are shown in US Pat. No. 3,078,104 and US Pat. No. 3,140,880.

A hanging support structure is provided to utilize the space between the ground and the floor of the trailer body. U.S. Patent No. 3,884,502 proposes that the space be used as an auxiliary luggage storage space. be. The additional support structure increases cargo storage space, which is separated from the interior of the trailer. It does not communicate and does not increase the volume of the main cargo compartment. Increase in the size of the baggage that can be accommodated There is no.

Another method of increasing the cargo carrying capacity of a trailer is by lowering frames. this In construction, the floor of the cargo compartment is located between the tractor suspension and the trailer suspension. lowered close to the road surface, and also shortened at the rear of the trailer suspension system. A lowered floor may be provided for a longer distance (length). Although the luggage storage capacity increases, there are also disadvantages. Ru. The main thing is to accommodate the trailer wheels, axles and suspension system on the floor of the luggage compartment. There are some points where there are protrusions. This moves from the normal loading dock to the rear dock of the trailer. This prevents the use of forklifts to load cargo via the Of course, do It is expensive to install a door on the side of the trailer, and loading through the side door is not possible. This cannot be done with a normal loading dock.

U.S. Patent No. 4,619,578 discloses that the space between both wheels of a container transport vehicle is utilized. The technology used is disclosed. The tractor of the patent has a horizontal U-shape that opens backwards. Pull on the frame, allowing it to retreat downwards around the container. Ru. The two legs of the frame are supported by air suspension, and the wheels on each leg are independent of each other. suspended. There is a through axle between the wheels on one leg of the frame and the wheels on the other leg. Because there are no wheels, containers can be stored in the space between the wheels. This is a normal import It is complex and expensive for use in transport trailers.

U.S. Patent No. 4,032,167 discloses a trailer for transporting motorcycles. It is. It consists of a pair of opposing wheels mounted on a rigid horizontal frame. There is. The wheels are mounted on fixed spindles bolted to the frame.

This rigid support is the only available wheel suspension system, and therefore the load support frame for the wheels There are drawbacks to rigid mounting. U.S. Patent No. 4,718,692 describes A suspension system is disclosed. The device extends below the frame and across the width of the vehicle. A pair of pivot arms connected to a through shaft are used.

The problem with the prior art is that it lacks strength and stability by not including a full-width axle. There is a lack of that. Trailers such as the above-mentioned US Patent No. 4,032,167 are It is suitable for light loads, but for heavy loads it is suitable for wheeled trailer frames. is impractical as a rigid mounting would transmit large forces to the frame.

Also, the pivot arm device shown in U.S. Pat. No. 4,718,692 is used with a through axle. It can be used for heavy loads. If there is no through axle, the pivot device should be Does not provide strength and stability, especially for lateral forces acting on the suspension when the vehicle rotates. It is inappropriate for

U.S. Patent No. 4,580,798 describes an air suspension system at the rear end of a trailer house. It is shown. This supports the wheel by a pivot arm attached to the through axle. Ru. A pivot arm is provided similar to those previously described. U.S. Patent No. 40601.45 No. 3214047, No. 4422667, No. 4661181, No. Specifications of No. 4063611, No. 3704898, and No. 3140880 Furthermore, the specifications of the same No. 3884502, No. 4619578, and No. 3829118 A device is shown that includes an axle extending below the frame of a vehicle.

Pivot arm supporting wheel on spindle in U.S. Pat. No. 3,356,386 A device is shown that includes. U.S. Pat. No. 4,095,818 describes a lowered axle. Showing wheels mounted on both raised ends. U.S. Patent No. 3,282,603 describes a car A rotatable frame that is rotatably attached to supports fixed to both frames. Showing wheels. US Pat. No. 2,507,980 and US Pat. No. 3,078,104 disclose a wheel An independent wheel support device is shown that utilizes a pivot arm to support the.

U.S. Patent Nos. 4,736,965, 3,773,348, 4,468,739, and U.S. Pat. No. 3,746,363 and No. 4,470,165 indicate that another vehicle suspension system is open. It is.

Lower the floor of the trailer body so that it is close to the road surface, and then The desire for a trailer suspension system that provides a substantially flat floor through the wheel area is It still exists.

Summary of the invention To summarize one aspect of the present invention, it is attached to the frame of a vehicle and has an uppermost position and a lowermost position. a wheel support member that is movable between the two positions; and a wheel support member that is rotatably attached to the wheel support member. biasing the wheel and the wheel support member to an intermediate position between the uppermost position and the lowermost position. a wheel suspension comprising biasing means, the axis of rotation of the wheel being at least at the wheel support; When the material is in its uppermost position, it should be flush with or above the top of the vehicle's cargo floor. A vehicle suspension system is provided. The present invention provides for certain vehicles containing no more than three pairs of wheels. The vehicle may include only wheels supported by the suspension system of the present invention. The wheels of a powered vehicle, for example a front wheel drive pan, may be mounted on a suspension system other than the present invention. You can support it.

According to the present invention, the position of the axis of rotation of the suspended wheel is aligned with the floor of the luggage compartment of the vehicle. A wheel suspension device is obtained that allows the vehicle to be mounted on the ground or above.

According to the invention, a vehicle which is extremely compact and allows the widest luggage space between the suspended wheels A wheel suspension is obtained.

According to the invention, a reliable, durable and relatively simple construction wheel suspension is provided. A device is obtained.

According to the invention, the floor of the luggage compartment is relatively close to the road surface to provide maximum width between the rear wheels. You can get a vehicle that lasts longer.

Other objects and advantages of the present invention will be apparent from the following description of preferred embodiments. It is clearly stated that

Brief description of the drawing [Figure] is a perspective view of a pair of wheel suspension systems of the present invention fixed to a frame of a vehicle.

FIG. 2 is a side elevational view of the wheel suspension system seen from the outside.

FIG. 3 is a side elevational view of the wheel suspension shown in FIG. 2, seen from the inside.

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating the means for controlling an air bag used in conjunction with the present invention.

Figure 5 shows the attachment of the wheel support member and traction arm used in the present invention. Surface diagram.

FIG. 6 shows the traction arm and wheel support member of FIG. 5 viewed in the direction of the arrow along line 6-6 of FIG. FIG.

FIG. 7 is a partial side elevational view showing the attachment of the lower part of the vehicle frame and the towing arm.

FIG. 8 shows the connection between the vehicle frame and the traction arm, taken along line 8-8 of FIG. 7 in the direction of the arrow. FIG.

FIG. 9 is a top plan view showing the wheel suspension system of the present invention, particularly showing a compact shape.

FIG. 10 is a rear end view of a trailer including the wheel suspension system of the present invention.

FIG. 11 is a perspective view of a pan including the wheel suspension system of the present invention.

FIG. 12 is a perspective view of a semitrailer including two pairs of wheel suspensions of the present invention.

FIG. 13 is a portion of a vehicle showing the attachment of the wheel suspension of the invention to the vehicle frame. Perspective view.

FIG. 14 shows a trailer or equivalent vehicle having three pairs of wheel suspensions according to the invention. 1 is a schematic side view of an air bag useful for use with a suspension system; FIG.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT Examples will be described to facilitate understanding of the present invention. However, this does not apply to the present invention. Without limitation, various modifications and alterations, as well as other applications, may occur to those skilled in the art. It is possible to implement the invention within the scope of the invention.

The wheel suspension system of the present invention has various applications. The device is installed independently on the frame. The axis of rotation of the wheel can be moved freely upwards to a position above the floor of the vehicle. It is possible to move. The device provides a low profile suspension, thus reducing the floor of the vehicle between the tires. It is particularly advantageous in that it allows for maximum width, allowing the floor of the vehicle to be lower than the axis of rotation of the wheels. It is possible to The wheel suspension system of the present invention is attached to the wheels of a trailer, for example. It is advantageous for mounting on the rear wheel of a front wheel drive vehicle such as a pan.

A wheel suspension system 10 according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention is shown in the figure. device 10 is a car The wheels 11 are attached to the frames 12 of both wheels 13. A suspension system 10 is a frame 1 of a vehicle. 2 about a horizontal pivot axis 15 along an arcuate path in a substantially vertical direction. It includes a wheel support member 14 movable in the direction. Attach the wheel 11 to the wheel support member 14 Means 16 are provided for mounting the wheel so that it can rotate around a horizontal axis of rotation 17. Ru.

The wheel support member 14 is movable between a first uppermost position and a second lowermost position. be. Upward or downward movement of the wheel support member 14 is resisted by the biasing means. . In one embodiment, the biasing means 18 is arranged between the free end of the wheel support member and the frame 12. includes an air bag 19 located between the This is done to accompany the upward and downward movement of the wheel support member, respectively. Preferably The suspension device 10 includes a shock absorber 20 connected to a wheel support member and a frame. shall be included. As shown in FIG. 2, the air bag 19 and the shock absorber 20 The preferred location is at the trailing edge of the wheel support member 14. The traction arm 21 is a wheel support section. The material is attached to an internal part of the vehicle frame, preferably close to the axis of rotation of the wheel. Connect to provide lateral stability.

The wheel support member 14 is attached to the vehicle frame 12 and supports vertical movement of the supported wheel. movement is possible. In the preferred embodiment, wheel support member 14 is generally flat and elongated. A member is attached to one end of the vehicle frame. The support member 14 preferably has a forward end. When the vehicle is mounted and the vehicle moves in the forward direction 22 (FIG. 2), the wheels 11 pivot on the pivot axis. It is designed to be attached to the rear of 15. The wheels 11 are preferably wheel supports. It is attached near the middle area of the material 14.

Attach the wheels to the wheel support members and attach the wheel support members to the vehicle frame. means that the axis of rotation 17 of the wheel can move to a position vertically above the plane of the vehicle floor. It will be done so that As shown in FIG. 2, the frame 12 includes transverse members 23-25. It is one large welded molding with a floor 26 mounted thereon. In Figure 2 The wheel support member 14 is located at an intermediate position between the first uppermost position and the second lowermost position. shown as a position. In the preferred embodiment, the axis of rotation 17 is aligned with the wheel support member 14. Located above the floor 26 when in the intermediate position, this corresponds to the rest position relative to the vehicle. respond. Of course, in the rest position, the axis of rotation 17 is at the level of the floor 26 or below. However, when the wheel support member moves or reaches the uppermost position of the wheel, the floor be able to move above the height of For example, place the floor 26 at a position 2 above the axis of rotation 17. 6゛　Although the wheel support member compresses the air bag 19 and moves upward, Then, it will be below the axis of rotation.

There are various methods for attaching the wheel support member 14 to the frame 12. In the diagram, The frame 12 includes a box-shaped transverse member 23 closed at both ends and supports a floor 26.

A closed box-shaped support 27 is attached to the transverse member in order to obtain the desired floor height and downward spacing. It is welded and fixed to the lower side of 23. For installation, blocks 28 and 29 are mounted on the support 27. The block 28 is attached by bolts 30 (FIG. 1) and the attachment is fixed. Block 29 is attached to block 28 by bolts 31. wheel support member 14 includes a sleeve-like portion 32 which accommodates a shaft 33 and which is attached to block 28. It is held at 29. For installation, the block has a yoke shape, and the sleeve 32 is installed inside the block. rotates about axis 33 to provide pivot movement relative to the frame of the wheel support member. A bearing (not shown) of particularly elastomeric material is featured between the sleeve portion 32 and the shaft. 33 to facilitate pivot movement.

The wheels 11 are rotatably attached to the wheel support member 14 about a horizontal axis 17. Ru. The mounting of the wheels, as described below, may be done in such a way as to obtain the desired compact shape. desirable. For example, wheel mounting means that the wheel rotates freely on a short shaft or on a spindle. Including files. In this case, it is desirable to provide a brake means, and the wheel suspension system 1 0 will accommodate a variety of conventional wheel mountings including brake elements to the assembly. wheel support part A spindle 73 is fixed to the material 14 with bolts 74. Removing spindle 73 The attached part should be installed at a small angle, e.g. 1.5 degrees, to the axis of the spindle shaft. toe-in or toe-out when the spindle is attached to the wheel support member. Give according to the direction given.

An air bag attachment pad 34 is provided at the rear end of the wheel support member 14. Opposite A mounting plate 35 is fixed to the frame, and the air bag 19 is mounted between the plates 34 and 35. mounted on. Normally, the air bag 19 is at a predetermined pressure and is connected to the wheel and wheel support. and the member in a predetermined rest position relative to the frame. Air bag is wheel supported Upward and downward movements of the member are accommodated by compression and expansion, respectively.

The air bag 19 is supplied with an appropriate pressure via an air pipe 36 and an air control device 38 (FIG. 4). Connected to a compressed air storage tank. Normally, the air pressure inside the bag 19 is controlled by the piping 36 and the valve. Maintained by compressed air reservoir.

FIG. 4 shows another method of controlling the air bag. The compressed air storage tank or supply section 37 It is connected to the air bag 19 via piping 36. When the adjustment means 38 is empty in the bag 19 The atmospheric pressure is controlled and increased or decreased as desired. The height detection unit 39 is in the frame 1 The position of the wheel support member 14 relative to 2 is detected. The information from the height detection section is is sent to the control unit 40, which actuates the regulating means 38 to adjust the air inside the air bag 19. Adjust pressure. Air bag pressure is automatically adjusted relative to the car frame Maintaining the desired position or height of the wheels and wheel support members.

The manual control section 41 may be provided separately. The manual control may be used in place of the automatic control or It is designed to act beyond the dynamic control section. Used when height control section 4o fails. The user controls the air pressure inside the bag 19 by actuating the adjustment means 38 to control the air pressure in the bag 19 and Relative wheel positions can be controlled. In addition, the manual control section can be replaced with the automatic control section. When attempting to climb over a vehicle, the user can arbitrarily change the position of the wheels from their normal position. It is possible to change the Therefore, the wheel support member 14 and the wheel 11 are able to operate normally on the road surface. The line can take any desired position. However, if the wheels are attached to the frame, Lower the frame relatively to increase the road clearance, or raise the wheels to lower the frame to the road. It is desirable to have it close to the surface. When the manual control section 41 overcomes the automatic control section 40 In such cases, the height of the vehicle can be changed as desired.

Preferably, the control device is adapted to provide automatic and manual control as described above. Ru. Each air bag may be controlled by a separate bleed valve. Examples of each air bag They may be controlled simultaneously by a single remote control device, such as a solenoid valve.

Means may be provided to isolate the automatic height control valve. According to the invention, individual or The height of the pair of wheels from the road surface is changed depending on the environment. For example, according to the present invention In the case of a vehicle with three pairs of wheels, the outermost pair or rearmost two wheels When a vehicle passes through a sharply curved road, it is lifted from the road surface to prevent the wheels from touching the shoulder of the road. It can be prevented.

A shock absorber 20 is connected to the frame 12 and the wheel support member 14.

The shock absorber 20 is connected to the tab 42 of the frame 12 by a bolt 43. ing. The other end of the shock absorber 20 is bolted to the ear portion 44 of the wheel support member 14. It is connected by 45.

Arm means 46 are provided for additionally connecting the wheel support member 14 to the frame 12. It is provided. Preferably, the inner position of the frame 12 below the floor 26 and the wheel support spaced apart from the wheel rotation axis 17 of the holding member and the wheel support member pivot axis 15. An arm 47 is connected between the two positions. The arm 47 is positioned close to the rotational axis 17 It is fixed to the wheel support member 14.

In particular, the arm 47 connects the wheel support member to the lower part of the transverse frame member 24. Ru. The arm 47 includes a sleeve portion 48 and is fixed to the wheel support member by a bolt 51. The sleeve part 4 is mounted around the shaft attached by a bellow block 49.50. 8 accommodates. As shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, each billow block has a pair of opposing C It includes glyph-shaped elements 52, 53 between which a shaft 54 is housed. Bush 55 It surrounds the shaft 54 and is held in position by spacer bushes 56,57.

Sleeve portion 48 surrounds bushing 55.

As shown in FIG. 5, arm 47 includes a rod 56 and another sleeve portion 48. As shown in FIG. The school The rib portion 48 has a split structure that surrounds the rod 56, and has a collar 57 and a bolt 58. It is fixed with a nut 59.

The internal installation of the traction arm 47 is shown in FIGS. 7 and 8. The transverse member 24 faces downwardly. It is a U-shaped member. An upwardly facing U-shaped member 60 is located in the internal attachment area of arm 47. This prevents this position from being exposed to the underside of the vehicle. The axis 61 of double-folding is horizontal The directional member 24.60 is extended through, and each end has a flat washer 62 and a split washer 63. It is fixed with a hexagonal nut 64. A steel bushing 65 is installed inside the U-shaped member. A rubber bush 6 is disposed on the shaft 61 between a pair of spacer bushes 66 and 67. 8 is provided on the central hook 65. A sleeve-like portion 6 is provided at the inner end of the traction arm 47. 9 and has a rubber bush 68. Fix the assembly and prevent rotation of the central bushing. A nut 64 is secured to prevent this. As shown in FIG. 7, the inner end of arm 47 is Similar to the outer part, a split member 69 surrounds the rod 56 and a collar 70 and bolt 7 1 and a nut 72.

The outer end of the arm 47 is configured to rotate when the wheel support member pivots up and down about the axis 15. move along an arcuate path. The path of the outer end of the arm is a pivot movement about axis 150. an arc defined by motion and a pivoting motion about central mounting axis 54 It is a combination with an arc. Therefore, the dimensions of the U-shaped member 240 are such that the arm 47 is the wheel support part. shall be wide enough to allow pivoting movement with the material.

The above-described attachment of the ends of the arms 47 allows compound movements of the outer ends of the arms. arm exercises is influenced by various factors including the length of the radius of motion. Therefore, the outside of the arm When the end is attached to the central area of the wheel support member, the end is attached to the rearmost end of the wheel support member. The arm movements will be less than in the case. Similarly, if arm 47 is lengthened, it will move around axis 54. The angle of the arcuate motion when pivoting up and down becomes small. Attaching the arm means 46 Provide adequate lateral stability to the wheel support member by selecting the location and method. can be done. The preferred embodiment shown provides excellent stability and easy installation. is possible.

As shown in FIG. 9, the suspension device 10 preferably has a sleeve-shaped portion in longitudinal alignment. 32 and a wheel 11 supported on a spindle 73 and an air bag 19.

The sleeve-like portion 32 of the wheel support member 14 connects the wheel support member 14 to the vehicle as described above. It is a means for attaching to the frame 12 of. The pivot movement of the wheel support member is along the horizontal axis. Occurs around 15. The wheel 11 is attached to the wheel support member 14 by ordinary wheel mounting means. For example, a brake drum assembly is attached to the spindle.

The spindle 73 is fixed to the wheel support member 14 with bolts 74 or the like. this The wheel 11 is mounted rotatably about a horizontal axis 17. wheel support member is maintained in a desired vertical position, and the axis 15 is adjusted in response to external forces such as road irregularities. Means are provided to allow rotation about the periphery. In a preferred embodiment, the means It is attached to the air bag pad 34 and controls the movement of the wheel support member relative to the frame. An air bag 19 provides a conventional type of cushioning. The force from the wheel support member is three The main locations, ie, the attachment, are at the sleeve 32, spindle 73, and air bag 19. and their positions are longitudinally aligned as shown in FIG. child This is a significant advantage. First, this alignment allows for the reception and Distribution ability will be strengthened. Second, alignment allows for close placement of each element, The lateral space for wheel suspension can be minimized.

In FIG. 1, a vehicle 13 has a pair of wheel suspensions. Wheel suspension system 1 0, each wheel support member 14 has a first air bag corresponding to the compression of air bag ]9. movable between the uppermost position and a second lowermost position corresponding to the expansion of the air bag 19; It is Noh.

When the wheel support member is in the uppermost position, the floor 26 is in the uppermost position relative to the surface on which the wheels are supported. It is in the lower position. The resting position relative to the supporting surface of the vehicle floor depends on several factors, all of which In other words, the desired road surface spacing under the vehicle body, the thickness of the lower body frame and floor, and the air It is determined by adjusting the wheel support members using For example, between desired road surfaces Spacing is 251-30.5cm, frame thickness is approximately 7.6-10.2cm, floor The thickness is approximately 3.5-4.5 cm. Using this variable, the wheel support member 14 is 40.6-30.5 cm above the support surface in the uppermost position. desirable As an example, the road surface spacing is 30.5 cm, the thickness of the fly 4 is 10.2 cm, and the floor thickness is If it is 3.5 cm, the height of the floor will be 44.1 cm from the road surface. air bag compressed When the floor is at its lowest position, the top surface of the floor is approximately 6.4 cm below. suspension system It is possible to change the floor height of the rest position by a few cm by manual or automatic control. be. Since the wheel suspension system 10 of the present invention is small, there is no substantial space between both wheels. can get. Although there are regulations regarding the outer dimensions of vehicles, the suspension system of the present invention Provide a distance of approximately 2m or more between them.

FIG. 10 shows a vehicle 13 including a suspension system 10 that attaches wheels 11 to a frame 12. be done. The upper surface 76 of the floor 26 is substantially closer to the road surface than in the prior art. are doing. The distance between the wheels 11 is approximately 2.6 m or more. The axis of rotation of the wheel 11 is preferably They should be on the same straight line, but this is not a requirement. Vehicle 13 is a wall covering the wheel suspension system. It has a wheel well containing 77. Since the suspension system is small, the distance between walls 77 is It is about 2m or more. This distance allows various types of luggage to be loaded into the vehicle 13. and is important.

As an advantageous application example of the wheel suspension system of the present invention, a mini-pan 79 or piston shown in FIG. There are front wheel drive vehicles such as backup trucks. Suspension device 1 for rear wheel 11 0, the pan 79 has a floor 26 that is substantially lower than conventional commercially available vehicles. There is. Because the floor height is low, the cargo loading capacity (cubic meters) is wide (or not high). This can be achieved with The low floor makes cargo loading easy and convenient. The suspension system is small. Therefore, the distance between the walls 77 is maximum and the space can be optimally utilized. Width 1.3m or more Plywood can also be loaded on the floor 26 without being hindered by the wheel suspension. traditional technology car Both models require a cargo floor above the rear wheel axle, and the high floor makes loading difficult. The cargo hold capacity was limited due to the accident.

The present invention provides the above-mentioned significant improvements over standard pink-up trucks or mini-pans. but note that the rest of the vehicle is not affected. i.e. crew area The area 80, the engine compartment 81, and the drive front wheels 82 may be of conventional design.

Another embodiment of the wheel suspension system of the present invention is shown in FIGS. 12 and 13. Figure 12 shows A large cargo capacity configuration of a trailer 83, preferably a semi-trailer, is shown.

The trailer body 84 is for cargo that is low and close to the road surface (for example, 40.6-45.7 cm). It has a floor 26 of a chamber 85. The cargo compartment 85 has a door 86 at the rear end of the vehicle. tray The floor 26 of the tractor body 84 receives a fifth wheel assembly of a tractor (not shown) from the rear end. It is continuously flat up to the raised floor section 87 for storage.

The floor 26 of the trailer 83 has a wheel well with walls 77 facing each other as previously described. It is narrower at the position where 88 is provided. The trailer 83 has a substantially flat, continuous floor close to the road surface to accommodate the axis of rotation of the wheels 11. It has below. In contrast to conventional road and track transport trailers, the present invention The trailer 83 increases the volume of the cargo hold 85 by substantially 25%. Furthermore, this is the volume of a forklift truck that enters the chamber 85 from the rear of the trailer and runs on the flat floor 26. It can be loaded using a lift.

In the prior art, the tray is placed in the front part of the rear wheel 11 relatively close to the road surface and downward. Some have floor properties that extend to . However, this trailer is like the present invention. There is no continuous cargo loading floor from the rear end of the trailer. in the center of this trailer A low floor can be accessed from the normal trailer door above the wheels or from the outside of the trailer. It can be accessed through a door installed on the side. space in this trailer is substantially undesirable compared to the present invention. First, the present invention is different from the conventional technology. Gives substantially more cargo hold volume. Second, the cargo compartment of the present invention is located at the rear of the trailer. Because it is easily accessible and is not divided into multiple compartments, it is possible to There are no restrictions on dimensions. Thirdly from the internal floor or external to the prior art lower chamber Proximity from the door is problematic for loading and rejecting. Trailer according to the invention The advantages of 83 will be apparent to those skilled in the art, especially those familiar with this prior art trailer. be.

FIG. 13 schematically shows a four-wheel suspension system 10 according to the invention. Shown in Figure 13 Device 10 is a separate assembly. However, wheel suspensions and vehicle frames and book The relationship with the body is determined by the wheel suspension and associated support frame as shown in Figure 13. It may be variable or may be integral with the rest of the vehicle. the suspension system The arrangement 89 associates four independent wheel suspensions 10 as shown in FIGS. 1-3. Shown mounted on a frame. Furthermore, the device 89 includes a pair of wheel wells 88. , each well includes an interior wall 77, an exterior wall 90, and a top wall 91. Frame 12 is one It includes a series of transverse frame members 23-25 on which a floor 26 is disposed.

The suspension system 89 is generally U-shaped, with the frame 12 and the floor 26 forming two vertical It extends horizontally between the upright wheel wells 88. Trailer body (number 88 and A device 89 is secured in the area 88 of the wheel well.

The assembly 89 has a sturdy structure because it independently suspends the four wheels 11. 2 wheels Alternatively, a similar structure may be used in the case of a six-wheel structure, which will be described later. Desired strength of assembly 89 Hollow or tubular structures are used to provide strength and rigidity and minimize equipment weight. be done. For example, the lateral structure of the frame 12 may include tubular or U-shaped members, e.g. 23-25. Using a longitudinal tubular member, e.g. 92 You may. Each member is welded together to provide a strong and lightweight structure.

Each upright wheel well structure 88 provides strength and light weight. Each wheel well 88 [Wheel] 1 has vertical support members 93 located at the front and rear of the vehicle. They are joined by a horizontal support member 94 extending above the hoop 11 . Triangular reinforcement A material, e.g. 97, connects the vertical support 93 to the interior wall 77 to increase its strength. Melt.

As is clear from FIGS. 11 to 13, the wheel suspension system 10 of the present invention has a small size. This assembly allows the floor of the vehicle to be relatively close to the road surface, and between the left and right wheels. to get maximum width. For example, in the embodiment of FIG. 8 at least partially, preferably substantially entirely, on the track of the wheel on the road surface. Placed on the road. That is, the lateral extent of each upright structure is the lateral extent of the wheel 11. It is only slightly larger. This allows the upright structure 88 to extend the tension to the cargo compartment 85. The output is minimal.

As mentioned above, each wheel 11 is elastically independently connected to the respective wheel well of the frame 12. It is suspended within 88. Pneumatic or other suspension means may be used as described above. stomach. Suspension system 10 includes a generally triangular wheel support member 14 having a forward end Pivotally supported on a sleeve-like portion 32, the portion 32 is shown surrounding a bin 33. between the outer vertical support 93 and the inner wall 77. It also acts as a lateral reinforcing member that extends to . The wheels 11 and the air bag 19 are the same The vertical support portion 93 and the inner wall 77 are accommodated in the same manner. As a result, wheel suspension These three elements of rack system 10 are aligned longitudinally within wheel well 88. It will be done.

The four wheels 11 in FIG. 13 are independently suspended on the frame 12. Preferably a car The wheel support members 14 are collinear in opposing pairs of assemblies. the wheels are flat When passing over a rough road surface, each wheel support member pivots around its respective pivot bin 15. The robot moves to compress or expand the associated air bag. air bag 1 9 and shock absorber 20 absorb the force acting on the wheel, and all that force is transferred to the wheel. Prevent transmission to the railer body or its payload.

Another embodiment of the invention is shown in FIG. 14, in which a trailer 971: three pairs of wheels are suspended. ing. The wheel support member 14 is supported by the frame in the same manner as described above. some amount Schematically shown in FIG. 14 is the operating state in which the air bag 19 supports the wheels relative to the frame. shows. The air bag 19A is shown in a compressed state, and the wheel support member It is in a state where it is riding on a protrusion. The air bag 19B is in the extended state when the associated wheel 11 is in a depression in the road surface. Air bag 19C is in neutral position and associated wheels 11 is on a normal road surface. In Figure 14, air bags 19A, 19B, and 19C are connected. A connecting conduit 98 is also shown.

Compressed air from a compressor (not shown) is supplied to a hollow transverse tubular member of the frame, for example. The compressed air is fed to a valve 99 which communicates with conduit 98.

Sensing means are used to activate the valve as described in connection with FIG. air bag By increasing the air pressure in the bags 19A-19C, the bags will expand and the trailer will be on the road. It rises upwards. Similarly, as the pressure decreases, the trailer approaches the road surface. individual It is also possible, if desired, to operate the wheel suspensions independently. For example one The wheels can also be lifted off the road by fully deflating the associated air bags. this is used to lift a pair of wheels or a single wheel off the road, and is It is advantageous if U.S. Patent Application No. 172,695 (1988) describes A detailed air bag device is described.

The present invention is useful for various uses other than those described above. The wheel suspension system can be used alone, but it is preferable. Preferably, they are used as a pair in a power vehicle or trailer. Powered vehicles are preferably The vehicle is front wheel driven and the wheel suspension system of the present invention is used on the rear wheels to increase the cargo carrying capacity. . However, the wheel suspension system of the present invention may be used for front wheels, and may be used for drive wheels. Good too. The present invention is advantageously applied to various types of trailers. The trailer has two wheels Alternatively, two or more pairs of wheels may be supported by the wheel suspension system of the present invention. Each wheel is unique Supported for vertical movement, preferably each pair's axes are colinear under normal conditions Do it like this. In each embodiment, the wheel suspension system of the present invention provides the widest floor between the wheels. Well, this is relatively close to the road surface, about 30.5cm to 40.6cm (air The bag is in a deflated state).

Variations in the structure and form of the wheel suspension are possible within the scope of the invention. Generally a car The wheels are provided so that they can move vertically, and the range of motion is extended to a position above the floor of the vehicle being supported. do. The mounting means is preferably pivotally mounted at its front end to the vehicle frame. including a wheel support member with a predetermined position; It has a means of chewing. Of course, upward and downward movements are possible from this position.

Air bags are well known as trailers and are desirable for use in the present invention. board Elastic means such as springs can also be used.

The support of the wheel by the wheel support member can be any conventional short shaft or spindle device. , which may use standard type drum or other braking devices. Lateral direction of the wheel Stability is ensured by the arm (21) moving from the wheel support member to the vehicle frame, preferably under the frame. Improved by extending into the central area of the surface. Force as another stabilizing measure A support pad or surface may be provided against a corresponding surface of the wheel support member.

Examples of other thrust bearing means are described in the aforementioned US patent applications.

Although the present invention has been described with reference to the drawings, these are illustrative and not limiting. stomach. All changes and modifications within the spirit of the invention are within its scope.

Scope of Claims (Article 19 Amendment) 22. The vehicle according to claim 18, comprising: a second wheel support member; Attach the second wheel support member to the other side of the vehicle body and rotate the second horizontal pivot axis. the second wheel support member is movable in a vertical direction, and the second wheel support member is moved between a first uppermost position and a second uppermost position. a second mounting means movable between a lowermost position of the second wheel; The second wheel is loaded onto the second wheel support member and can be rotated around the second horizontal rotation axis. a second wheel loading means, the rotational axis of the second wheel is connected to a second wheel support member; is located vertically above the floor when is in the first uppermost position. wheel loading means; biasing the second wheel support member to an intermediate position between the first and second positions; a second biasing means for resisting movement of the second wheel support member away from the position; , a vehicle characterized by:

23 Vehicles with wheels that move along a supporting surface and include a flat floor The main body and first and second wheel support members; The first wheel support member is mounted on one side of the vehicle body around the first horizontal pivot axis. the first wheel support member is movable in a vertical direction, and the first wheel support member is moved between a first uppermost position and a second uppermost position. The first mounting means and the second wheel support member are movable between the lower position and the lower position. Mounted on the other side of the vehicle body and movable vertically around a second horizontal pivot axis and moving the second wheel support member between the first uppermost position and the second lowermost position. a second mounting means, first and second wheels; a first wheel rotatable about a first horizontal pivot axis on a first wheel support member; loaded, the axis of rotation of the first wheel is such that the first wheel support member is in a first uppermost position; a first wheel means for being positioned vertically above the floor; and a second wheel. is loaded on a second wheel support member so as to be rotatable about a second horizontal pivot axis, and The axis of rotation of the second wheel is at the floor drop when the second wheel support member is in the first uppermost position. a second wheel loading means positioned vertically upward; and a first wheel support section. biasing the material into the first wheel support member to an intermediate position between the first position and the second position. a first biasing means for resisting movement away from the intermediate position; and a second wheel support member. biasing the second wheel support member to an intermediate position between the first position and the second position; a second biasing means for resisting movement away from the position; The first and second attachment means include attaching the first and second wheel support members to the vehicle frame. first and second arm means coupled to provide lateral stabilization of the first and second wheels; and the first and second arm means are attached to the first and second wheel support members. The second rotation axis is connected at a different position from the first and second pivot axes. A vehicle characterized by:

24. The vehicle according to claim 23, wherein the first and second attachment means are the first and second attachment means. and a second wheel support member.

25. The vehicle according to claim 23, wherein the floor has a top surface, and the top surface has a first or second surface. and the second wheel support member are both in their uppermost positions, up to about 4 A vehicle characterized by being 0.5 cm above the ground.

26. The vehicle according to claim 23, wherein the top surface includes the first and second wheel supports. A maximum of approximately 30.5 cm above the supporting surface when both pieces are in their uppermost position. , a vehicle characterized by:

27. The vehicle according to claim 23, wherein the narrowest part between the first and second wheels A vehicle characterized in that the distance between the two is approximately 2 meters or more.

28. The vehicle according to claim 23, wherein the vehicle has only the first and second wheels. A vehicle characterized by having.

29. The vehicle according to claim 23, wherein the first and second wheels are non-driven vehicles. wheels, characterized in that the non-driven wheels of the vehicle are only the first and second wheels. vehicle.

30. The vehicle according to claim 22, comprising third and fourth support members; The third and fourth wheel support members are arranged on opposite sides of the vehicle body, respectively. vertically between the first uppermost position and the second lowermost position about the pivot axis of third and fourth mounting means for movably mounting the third and fourth wheels; , rotating the third and fourth wheels about third and fourth horizontal rotation axes, respectively; The third and fourth wheel support members can be loaded, and the rotation axes of the third and fourth wheels can be loaded. line is forward when said third and fourth wheel support members are respectively in their first uppermost positions. third and fourth wheel loading means vertically above the recording platform; and a fourth wheel support member respectively biased to an intermediate position between the first and second positions. and resists movement of the third and fourth wheel support members away from the intermediate position. third and fourth biasing means.

31. The vehicle according to claim 23, comprising third and fourth support members; The third and fourth wheel support members are arranged on opposite sides of the vehicle body, respectively. vertically between the first uppermost position and the second lowermost position about the pivot axis of third and fourth mounting means for movably mounting the third and fourth wheels; , rotating the third and fourth wheels about third and fourth horizontal rotation axes, respectively; The third and fourth wheel support members can be loaded, and the rotation axes of the third and fourth wheels can be loaded. line is forward when said third and fourth wheel support members are respectively in their first uppermost positions. third and fourth wheel loading means vertically above the recording platform; and a fourth wheel support member respectively biased to an intermediate position between the first and second positions. and resists movement of the third and fourth wheel support members away from the intermediate position. third and fourth biasing means, the third and fourth mountings being biased by the third biasing means; and a fourth wheel support member respectively attached to the frame of the vehicle to provide a third and a fourth wheel support member. third and fourth arm means for providing lateral stability of the wheels of the vehicle; The arm means connects the third and fourth wheel support members with the third and fourth axes of rotation and the third and fourth wheel support members. and a fourth pivot axis at different positions. .

32. The vehicle according to claim 31, wherein the mounting means is a first to a fourth vehicle. A vehicle characterized by allowing wheel support members to move independently.

33. The vehicle according to claim 31, wherein the floor has a top surface, and the top surface has a first When each of the fourth wheel support members is in its uppermost position, there is a maximum of approximately A vehicle characterized by being 40.5 cm above the ground.

34. The vehicle according to claim 31, wherein the top surface is such that each wheel support member is When in the upper position, it is approximately 30.5 cm above the supporting surface at most. vehicle.

35. The vehicle according to claim 31, wherein the narrowest point between the first and second wheels is The spacing between the parts is approximately 2 m or more, and between the narrowest part between the third and fourth wheels A vehicle characterized in that the distance is approximately 2 meters or more.

36. The vehicle according to claim 31, wherein the wheels of the vehicle are the first to fourth wheels. A vehicle characterized by:

37. The vehicle according to claim 31, wherein the first to fourth wheels are non-driving wheels. and these wheels are the only non-driven wheels of the vehicle.

38. The vehicle according to claim 30, comprising fifth and sixth support members; The fifth and sixth wheel support members are arranged on opposite sides of the vehicle body, respectively. between a first uppermost position and a second lowermost position vertically about the pivot axis of fifth and sixth mounting means for vertically movable mounting on the fifth and sixth mounting means; 6 wheels and rotating the fifth and sixth wheels about fifth and sixth horizontal rotation axes, respectively; loading the fifth and sixth wheel support members so as to allow rotation of the fifth and sixth wheels; The axis of rotation is defined when the fifth and sixth wheel support members are respectively in the first uppermost position. fifth and sixth wheel loading means, the fifth and sixth wheel loading means being vertically above the floor; and a sixth wheel support member each biased to an intermediate position between the first and second positions. and resists movement of the fifth and sixth wheel support members away from the intermediate position. fifth and sixth biasing means.

39. The vehicle according to claim 31, comprising fifth and sixth support members; The fifth and sixth wheel support members are arranged on opposite sides of the vehicle body, respectively. between a first uppermost position and a second lowermost position vertically about the pivot axis of The fifth and sixth mountings are vertically movably mounted on the 6 wheels and rotating the fifth and sixth wheels about fifth and sixth horizontal rotation axes, respectively; loading the fifth and sixth wheel support members so as to allow rotation of the fifth and sixth wheels; The axis of rotation is defined when the fifth and sixth wheel support members are respectively in the first uppermost position. fifth and sixth wheel loading means, the fifth and sixth wheel loading means being vertically above the floor; and a sixth wheel support member each biased to an intermediate position between the first and second positions. and resists movement of the fifth and sixth wheel support members away from the intermediate position. fifth and sixth biasing means; The 6th wheel support member is attached to the vehicle frame to stabilize the 5th and 6th wheels in the lateral direction. and fifth and sixth arm means for providing a The fifth and sixth rotational axes and the fifth and sixth pins are connected to the fifth and sixth wheel support members. A vehicle characterized in that the vehicle is connected at a position different from the bot axis.

40. The vehicle according to claim 39, wherein the mounting means is a first to a sixth vehicle. A vehicle characterized in that wheel support members can move independently.

41. The vehicle according to claim 39, wherein the floor has a top surface, and the top surface has a first surface. When each of the six wheel support members is in the uppermost position, the maximum This vehicle is characterized by being approximately 40.6 cm above the ground.

42. The vehicle according to claim 39, wherein the top surface is such that each wheel support member is When in the upper position, it is approximately 30.5 cm above the supporting surface at most. vehicle.

43. The vehicle according to claim 39, wherein the narrowest point between the first and second wheels is The spacing between the parts is approximately 2 m or more, and between the narrowest part between the third and fourth wheels The distance between the fifth and sixth wheels is approximately 2 m or more, and the narrowest distance between the fifth and sixth wheels is approximately 2 m. A vehicle characterized in that it is more than m.

44. The vehicle according to claim 39, wherein the wheels of the vehicle are the first to sixth wheels. A vehicle characterized by:

45. The vehicle according to claim 39, wherein the first to sixth wheels are non-driving wheels. , a vehicle characterized in that these wheels are the only non-driven wheels of the vehicle.

46. The vehicle according to claim 22, wherein the first and second attachment means include the first and a second wheel support member coupled to the vehicle frame to provide lateral stability to the wheel. including first and second arm means for supporting a wheel support member; the first and second rotational axes and the first and second pivot axes at different positions. A vehicle characterized by:

48. The vehicle according to claim 18, wherein the wheel support member is a substantially flat plate. It has a sleeve-like part at the end that is pivoted to the frame, and one side of the chain plate A vehicle characterized in that a wheel spindle is attached to load wheels.

49. The vehicle according to claim 23, wherein the wheel support member is a substantially flat plate. It has a sleeve-like part at the end that is pivoted to the frame, and one side of the chain plate A vehicle characterized in that a wheel spindle is attached to load wheels.

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Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A wheel suspension device for mounting a pair of wheels on a frame of a vehicle adjacent to the floor of the vehicle, comprising: a first wheel; a first wheel support member; A first wheel loading means that loads a wheel onto a first wheel support member so that the wheel can rotate around a first horizontal axis of rotation, and a first wheel support member that attaches the first wheel support member to a vehicle frame and the first axis of rotation. vertically movable about different first horizontal pivot axes, the first wheel support member being movable between a first uppermost position and a second lowermost position; a first turn of the first wheel when the member is in the first uppermost position; biasing the first wheel support member to an intermediate position between the first and second positions; a first biasing means for resisting movement of the first wheel support member away from an intermediate position; and coupling the first wheel support member to the frame of the vehicle at a position different from the first axis of rotation and the first pivot axis. a first arm means, a second wheel, a second wheel support member, and a second wheel loaded on the second wheel support member so as to be rotatable about a second horizontal rotation axis. a wheel loading means and a second wheel support member are attached to the vehicle frame and movable in a vertical direction about a second horizontal pivot axis different from the second axis of rotation; between an uppermost position and a second lowermost position, and a second rotation of the second wheel when the second wheel support member is in the first uppermost position. biasing the second wheel support member to an intermediate position between the first and second positions; a second biasing means for resisting movement of the second wheel support member away from an intermediate position; and coupling the second wheel support member to the frame of the vehicle at a location different from the second axis of rotation and the second pivot axis. a second arm means; Elevating equipment. 2. A wheel suspension according to claim 1, wherein the first and second pivot axes are A wheel suspension system characterized in that each of the first and second rotational axes is located forward of the axis of rotation. 3. A wheel suspension according to claim 1, wherein the first and second biasing means each A wheel suspension system comprising an air bag. 4. A wheel suspension according to claim 1, each including a shock absorber associated with the first and second attachment means. 5. 5. A wheel suspension according to claim 4, wherein the first and second biasing means each A wheel suspension system comprising an air bag. 6. In the vehicle suspension system according to claim 1, the first wheel support member is positioned at an intermediate position. and a second adjusting means for adjusting the position of the second wheel support member in the vertical direction corresponding to the intermediate position. wheel suspension system. 7. 7. The wheel suspension of claim 6, wherein each biasing means includes an air bag. the first and second adjusting means change the air pressure within the air bag to A wheel suspension system comprising means for adjusting intermediate positions of the second wheel support member and the second wheel support member. 8. 8. The wheel suspension according to claim 7, wherein the first and second pivot axes are located forward of the first and second rotation axes, respectively. 9. 9. A wheel suspension according to claim 8, each comprising a shock absorber associated with the first and second attachment means. 10. A wheel suspension according to claim 1, wherein the first attachment means and the first bias A wheel characterized in that the clamping means and the first wheel are longitudinally aligned, and the second attachment means, the second biasing means and the second wheel are longitudinally aligned. Hanging Elevating equipment. 11. 11. The wheel suspension of claim 10, wherein the first and second pivot axes are located forward of the first and second rotation axes, respectively. 12. 12. A wheel suspension according to claim 11, wherein the first and second biasing means A wheel suspension, each comprising an air bag. 13. 13. The wheel suspension according to claim 12, wherein the first and second attachment means A wheel suspension characterized in that the stages each include a shock absorber in association with the stage. Place. 14. 11. The wheel suspension system according to claim 10, wherein the first adjustment means vertically adjusts a position corresponding to an intermediate position of the first wheel support member; a second adjustment means for vertically adjusting the position. 15. 15. The wheel suspension of claim 14, wherein the biasing means includes an air bag. A wheel suspension system characterized in that the first and second adjustment means each include means for changing the air pressure within the air bag to adjust intermediate positions of the first and second vehicle support members. 16. 16. The wheel suspension of claim 15, wherein the first and second pivot axes are located forward of the first and second rotation axes, respectively. 17. 17. The wheel suspension according to claim 16, wherein the first and second attachment means A wheel suspension characterized in that the stages each include a shock absorber in association with the stage. Place. 18. A vehicle with wheels that moves on a supporting surface, a vehicle body having a flat floor, a wheel support member, and a wheel support member mounted on one side of the vehicle body and movable in a vertical direction about a horizontal pivot axis. mounting means for movable the wheel support member between a first uppermost position and a second lowermost position; a wheel loading means adapted to position the wheel supporting member in the first and second uppermost positions, the wheel loading means being arranged such that the axis of rotation of the wheel is located vertically above the floor when the wheel supporting member is in the first uppermost position; A vehicle characterized in that it includes biasing means for biasing the wheel support member to an intermediate position between two positions and resisting movement of the wheel support member away from the intermediate position. 19. 19. The vehicle of claim 18, wherein the floor has a top surface that is up to about 40.6 cm above the support surface when the wheel support member is in the uppermost position. vehicle. 20. 20. The vehicle of claim 19, wherein the top surface is up to about 30.5 cm above the support surface when the wheel support member is in its uppermost position. 21. 19. The vehicle of claim 18, wherein the first and second attachment means are attached to the first and second attachment means. and a second wheel support member to the vehicle frame to provide lateral stability of the wheel, the first and second arm means respectively connecting the wheel support member to the vehicle frame and providing lateral stability of the wheel. A vehicle, characterized in that the vehicle is coupled at a position remote from the second rotational axis and the first and second pivot axes. 22. 19. The vehicle according to claim 18, wherein the second wheel support member is attached to the other side of the vehicle body, and the second horizontal pivot axis is rotated. The wheel support member can be moved vertically to a first uppermost position and a second lowermost position. a second mounting means movable between horizontal positions; a second wheel; and the second wheel is loaded onto a second wheel support member and rotatable about a second horizontal axis of rotation. a second wheel loading means, the second wheel loading means being configured such that the axis of rotation of the second wheel is located vertically above the floor when the second wheel support member is in the first uppermost position; means for biasing the second wheel support member to an intermediate position between the first and second positions; second biasing means for resisting movement of the second wheel support member away from the vehicle. 23. 23. The vehicle of claim 22, wherein the first and second pivot axes are colinear. 24. 24. A vehicle according to claim 23, wherein the first and second attachment means are attached to the first and second attachment means. A vehicle characterized in that it allows independent movement of the first wheel support member and the second wheel support member. 25. 24. The vehicle of claim 23, wherein the floor has a top surface, and the top surface includes first and second surfaces. and the second wheel support member are both in their uppermost positions, up to about 40.0 mm above the support surface. The vehicle is characterized by being 6cm above the ground. 26. 24. The vehicle of claim 23, wherein the top surface is up to about 30.5 cm above the support surface when both the first and second wheel support members are in their uppermost positions. vehicle. 27. The vehicle according to claim 23, wherein the narrowest part between the first and second wheels A vehicle characterized in that the distance between the two is approximately 2 meters or more. 28. 24. The vehicle according to claim 23, wherein the vehicle has only the first and second wheels. 29. 24. The vehicle of claim 23, wherein the first and second wheels are non-driven wheels, and the first and second wheels are the only non-driven wheels of the vehicle. 30. 23. The vehicle of claim 22, wherein third and fourth support members are arranged perpendicularly about the third and fourth pivot axes on opposite sides of the vehicle body, respectively. third and fourth mounting means mounted for vertical movement in the direction between a first uppermost position and a second lowermost position; third and fourth wheels; Four wheels are loaded on the third and fourth wheel support members so as to be rotatable about third and fourth horizontal rotational axes, respectively, and rotation of the third and fourth wheels is performed. The axis of rotation is defined when the third and fourth wheel support members are respectively in the first uppermost position. biasing third and fourth wheel loading means, respectively, to an intermediate position between the first and second positions, the third and fourth wheel loading means being vertically above the floor; , third and fourth biasing means for resisting movement of the third and fourth wheel support members away from an intermediate position. 31. 31. The vehicle of claim 30, wherein the first and second pivot axes are colinear and the third and fourth pivot axes are colinear. 32. 32. A vehicle according to claim 31, wherein the attachment means allows independent movement of each of the first to fourth wheel support members. 33. 32. The vehicle of claim 31, wherein the floor has a top surface, the top surface having a first and each of the fourth wheel support members, when in its uppermost position, is up to about 15 inches above the support surface. 34. 32. The vehicle according to claim 31, wherein the top surface is such that each wheel support member is When in the upright position, the vehicle is at most about 30.5 cm above the supporting surface. 35. 32. The vehicle according to claim 31, wherein the narrowest part between the first and second wheels A vehicle characterized in that the distance between the third and fourth wheels is about 2 m or more, and the distance between the third and fourth wheels at the narrowest part is about 2 m or more. 36. 32. The vehicle according to claim 31, wherein the wheels of the vehicle are only the first to fourth wheels. 37. The vehicle according to claim 31, wherein the first to fourth wheels are non-driven wheels. A vehicle characterized in that the non-driven wheels of the vehicle are only the first to fourth wheels. 38. 31. The vehicle of claim 30, wherein the fifth and sixth support members are arranged perpendicularly about the fifth and sixth pivot axes on opposite sides of the vehicle body, respectively. fifth and sixth mounting means mounted for vertical movement in the direction between a first uppermost position and a second lowermost position; fifth and sixth wheels; Six wheels are loaded on the fifth and sixth wheel support members so as to be rotatable about the fifth and sixth horizontal rotation axes, respectively, and the fifth and sixth wheels are rotated. The axis of rotation is defined when the fifth and sixth wheel support members are respectively in the first uppermost position. fifth and sixth wheel loading means, the fifth and sixth wheel support members being respectively biased to an intermediate position between the first and second positions; , fifth and sixth biasing means for resisting movement of the fifth and sixth wheel support members away from an intermediate position. 39. 39. The vehicle of claim 38, wherein the first and second pivot axes are colinear, the third and fourth pivot axes are colinear, and the fifth and sixth pivot axes are colinear. A vehicle characterized by being in a straight line. 40. 40. A vehicle according to claim 39, characterized in that said attachment means allow independent movement of the first to sixth wheel support members. 41. 40. The vehicle of claim 39, wherein the floor has a top surface, the top surface having a first and each of the sixth wheel support members, when in its uppermost position, is up to about 15 inches above the support surface. 42. 40. The vehicle according to claim 39, wherein the top surface is such that each wheel support member is When in the upright position, the vehicle is at most about 30.5 cm above the supporting surface. 43. The vehicle according to claim 39, wherein the narrowest part between the first and second wheels The spacing between the third and fourth wheels is about 2 m or more, the narrowest spacing between the third and fourth wheels is about 2 m or more, and the narrowest spacing between the fifth and sixth wheels is about 2 m. A vehicle characterized by the above. 44. 40. The vehicle according to claim 39, wherein the wheels of the vehicle include the first to sixth wheels. A vehicle characterized by: 45. 40. The vehicle according to claim 39, wherein the first to sixth wheels are non-driven wheels, and these are the only non-driven wheels of the vehicle. 46. 23. A vehicle according to claim 22, wherein the first and second attachment means are attached to the first or second attachment means. and a second wheel support member coupled to the vehicle frame to provide lateral stability to the wheel. the first and second arm means connected to the wheel support member at positions different from the first and second rotational axes and the first and second pivot axes; A vehicle characterized by: 47. 23. The vehicle of claim 22, wherein the first attachment means, the first biasing means and the first wheel are longitudinally aligned; A vehicle characterized in that the wheels of the vehicle are aligned in the longitudinal direction. 48. 19. A vehicle according to claim 18, wherein the wheel support member is a substantially flat plate having a sleeve-like portion attached to the frame snakebot at one end, and a wheel spindle is attached to one side of the plate to support the wheel. A vehicle characterized by: