JPH04152043A - Tool exchanging method for turret tool rest - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To fit or remove the same tool in the radial direction or axial direction as required by changing the moving direction of a turret when the tool is fitted or removed from a tool exchanging head according to the direction of the tool to be exchanged with the tool exchanging head. CONSTITUTION:The extension directions of grippers 18a, 18b are changed to the axial direction and the inside of the radial direction of a turret 7 by the rotation of a substrate 17 with a tool exchanging head 10, a tool 23a held in the radial direction is exchanged between a tool holder holding the tool in the radial direction of the turret 7 and the gripper 18a holding the tool in the radial direction by the relative movement in the radial direction of the turret 7, and a tool 23b held in the axial direction is exchanged between an axial holder holding the tool in the axial direction of the turret 7 and the gripper 18b extended to the inside of the radial direction by the relative movement in the axial direction of the turret 7. The same tool can be fitted in the radial direction or the axial direction as required.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention (Field of Industrial Application) The present invention relates to a method for exchanging tools in a turret tool rest of a machine tool, which includes two types of tool holders that grip tools in directions orthogonal to each other. The present invention relates to a method for exchanging tools of the turret-1.

(Prior Art) FIGS. 5 to 8 show a tool holder 22 that holds a tool in the radial direction (meaning the radial direction of the turret. The same applies hereinafter).
a and the axial direction (referring to the rotational axis direction of the turret. The same applies hereinafter.

) and a tool holder 22b for holding a tool. In the figure, 7 is a turret, 8 is a tool magazine, 22a and 22
b is the aforementioned radial and axial holder, 23a, 2
3b is a tool, and W indicates a workpiece machining position.

In the structure shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, only the tools 23a and 23b are exchanged while the holders 22a and 22b are attached to the taleft 7, and a radial gripper is provided around the tool magazine 8 to grip the tools in the radial direction. 52a and an axial gripper 52b that grips the tool in the axial direction. The tool 23a mounted on the radial holder 22a is stored in the radial gripper 52a of the tool magazine, and the tool 23b mounted on the axial holder 22b is stored in the axial gripper 5.
It is stored in 2b. Then, the holder for the tool is placed opposite the gripper, and the tool magazine 8 is placed on the shaft 7.
holder 22a122b and gripper 52a,
The tool receiver is directly transferred to and from the tool 52b.

What is shown in FIGS. 7 and 8 is the holder 22a, 22
The tools 23a and 23b are exchanged together with the shaft 7 and the tool magazine 8, and a swing arm 54 that rotates 180 degrees around an axis 53 is provided between the tower shaft 7 and the tool magazine 8. The swivel arm 54 moves toward the tool magazine 8, grips a newly installed tool holder with one gripper 55, and then moves toward the tower shaft 7 and removes it with the other gripper 56. After gripping the tool holder and removing the holder from the towerft 7, the tool holder is rotated 180 degrees and a new tool holder is attached to the towerft 7.

(Problems to be Solved by the Invention) In the conventional device described above, once a tool is mounted on a holder or gripper in one direction, it is not possible to mount the tool on a holder in another direction.

Therefore, for example, a drill of a certain diameter can be held in the radial holder 22a.
If the drill is attached to a workpiece, it is impossible to use the drill to drill an axial hole in the workpiece. Therefore, the same tool must be mounted in both the radial and axial directions to carry out machining, and this poses a problem, especially when a rotary tool is used, in that the number of tools that must be stored in the magazine increases.

Furthermore, in the case of FIG. 5.6, the maximum number of tools in the radial direction and the maximum number of tools in the axial direction that can be stored in the taleft 7 and the tool magazine 8 are individually limited. Therefore, for example, even if a large number of radial tools are required for machining a certain workpiece, the shaft 7 and the tool magazine 8
It is not possible to remove an axial tool and install a radial tool, and this limits the types of machining that can be performed continuously with automatic tool change. .

On the other hand, the one shown in Fig. 7.8 can be used if only radial tools are required for machining a certain workpiece.
It is also possible to change all the holders on the tool magazine 8 to radial holders 22a. However, in the case of the one shown in Fig. 7.8, since the tool is exchanged with its holder, the tool magazine 8 and the swing arm 54 are large, and the inertial mass becomes large, so it is difficult to speed up the operation when changing the tool. There is a problem.

(Means for Solving the Problems) The present invention uses a tool exchange head 10 having a structure capable of converting a gripped tool between the radial direction and the axial direction. By changing the direction of movement of the towerft 7 when loading and unloading a tool, the same tool can be mounted and removed from both the radial holder 22a and the axial holder 22b mounted on the towerft 7, thereby solving the above problem. It is something.

The tool changing head 10 used in the method of the present invention includes a base body 17 that rotates around a central axis A that forms an angle of 45 degrees with respect to the central axis Z1 of the taleft 7 at the tool changing position. , usually two grippers 18
a and 18b are provided so as to extend at an angle of 45 degrees with respect to the rotation center axis A. Gris 7pa 18a,
18b is connected to one side 18a at the re-rotation end of the base body 17.
The grippers 18a and 18b are mounted so that they extend in the axial direction and the grippers 18b extend inwardly in the radial direction, and by rotating the base body 17, the grippers 18a and 18b can be positioned alternately in the radial and axial directions.

When replacing the tool 23a of the radial holder 22a of the taleft 7, a new tool 23c is gripped by the gripper 18b extending inwardly in the radial direction, and the gripper 18 extending in the axial direction
The gripper 18 that positions the tool 23a on the talent 7 to be replaced with the tool 23a, and extends in the axial direction in this state.
Grip the tool 23a to be removed with a, and press the holder 22
The tool on the turret 7 is removed by releasing the tool gripping force of a and relatively moving the turret 7 in the radial direction and retracting it from the tool exchange head 10.

Next, the base body 17 of the tool change head is rotated 180 degrees to change the orientation of the grippers 18a and 18b, and then the turret 7 is moved radially in a direction relatively close to the tool change head 10 to obtain a new tool 23c. is fitted into the radial holder 22a of the turret 7, and the gripping force of the gripper 18a that grips the tool is released to complete the tool exchange.

Furthermore, when replacing the tool 23b attached to the axial holder 22b of the turret 7, the axially extending
7 grip a new tool with the pawl 18a, align the tool 23b to be replaced with the gripper 18b extending in the radial direction, grip the tool 23b with the gripper 18b extending in the radial direction, and then move the turret 7 relative to each other. By moving the tool 23b in the axial direction and retracting it from the tool exchange head 10, the tool 23b on the turret saw 1-7 is extracted.

Next, the gripper base 17 is rotated 180 degrees to change the direction of the grippers 18a, 18b, and the turret 7 is moved in the axial direction to relatively approach the throat 10 for tool exchange, thereby inserting a new tool. is fitted into the axial holder 22b of the turret 7, and then the gripping force of the gripper 18b that was gripping the new tool is released to complete the tool exchange.

(Function) According to the method of the present invention, the plurality of grippers 18a,
Of L8b, the gripper 18a extending in the axial direction serves as a transfer for the tool with the radial holder 22a, and the gripper 18b extending inward in the radial direction serves as a guide for the tool with the radial holder 22b.
The tool receiver acts as a transfer, and any gripper can be positioned inward in the axial or radial direction by rotating the base 17 for tool exchange. Each radial holder 2
It is also possible to attach and detach tools from both the axial holder 2a and the axial holder 22b. Therefore, tools can be freely exchanged between the radial holder 22a and the axial holder 22b, and the same tool can be mounted on the turret 7 both radially and axially as required.

(Example) Next, an example shown in the drawings will be described. FIG. 2 is a plan view showing the main parts of a turret lathe equipped with a tool changing device according to the method of the present invention. In the figure, 2 is a headstock, 3 is a main spindle, 4 is a chuck attached to the main spindle 3, 5 is a tail stock facing the chuck 4, 6 is a turret tool rest, and 7
9 is a tool exchange arm, 10 is a tool exchange head attached to the tip of the tool exchange arm, 18a and 18b are for tool exchange, 7 do 1
0 is a gripper, and 17 is a base supporting a gripper 18aXb.

The turret tool rest 6 is attached to the column 11 in the direction perpendicular to the paper plane (
It is mounted so that it can be moved and positioned freely in the Y-axis direction. 12
13 is a Z-axis slide table which is moved and positioned in a direction parallel to the main axis on the frame 1; 13 is an X-axis slide table which is moved and positioned in a direction that moves the tool toward and away from the workpiece; It is fixed on the axial slide table 13. Therefore, the turret 7 can be freely moved and positioned in three-dimensional space, and can be rotated around its central axis Z1 to move the plurality of tools 23a and 23b mounted on the circumferential surface of the turret 7 to the processing position or Index to tool exchange position.

The position of the tool changing head 10 shown in FIG. 2 is the position advanced for tool changing. How the tool exchange head 10 moves forward and backward during tool exchange is determined by where the tool magazine is placed. The tool change arm 9 shown in the figure extends in the Z-axis direction, and the tool change head 10 shown in the figure extends in the Z-axis direction.
moves to the left and advances and retreats.

The base body 17 of the tool changing head is aligned at 45 degrees with the center axis Zl of the turret 7 at the tool changing position (in the illustrated embodiment, it is parallel to the main axis 3) by means of bearings 3o and 30 provided at the tip of the tool changing arm 9. It is rotatably mounted around a central axis A that intersects with the center axis A.

It is connected via a bevel gear pair 31 to a hydraulic actuator 32 with a rotation angle of 180 degrees housed in the tool exchange arm 9. At one rotation end of the hydraulic actuator 32, one gripper 18a extends in the axial direction (the axial direction of the turret 7; the same applies hereinafter), and the other gripper 18b extends in the radial direction (
This refers to the radial direction of the turret 7, and the same applies hereinafter. ) extends inward. When the hydraulic actuator 32 is rotated 180 degrees from this state, the positions of the grippers 18a and 18b are switched.

The grippers 18a and 18b have two fingers 19 (FIG. 4) that grip the tool, and these fingers grip the tool by supplying hydraulic pressure to a hydraulic device 2o provided in the base body 17, and the hydraulic The gripping force is released by releasing the . A proximity sensor 21 detects whether the grippers 18a, 18b are gripped by a tool.

FIG. 1 shows - by way of example a radial boulder 22 of the turret 7;
The tool 23a attached to the radial boulder 22a was replaced with a new tool 23c, and the tool 23a was removed from the radial boulder 22a.
This figure shows the operation of exchanging the tool 23b attached to the axial holder 22b.

The operations shown in (a) to 1) of the same figure are operations that will be explained below, respectively, and the above-mentioned tools are replaced by performing these operations in order.

(a) Grasp a new tool 23c to be attached to the radial holder 22a with the gripper 18b extending radially inward and advance the tool exchange hend IO to the tool exchange position;
The tool 2 to be replaced with the empty gripper 18a in the axial direction
3a are positioned by indexing the turret 7 and moving it in the x, y, and z axes directions.

(b) Grip the tool 23a to be removed with the axial gripper 18a, release the tool gripping force of the radial holder 22a, and retract the turret 7 in the radial direction.

(c) Rotate the base 17 of the tool exchange head by 180 degrees.

(d) The turret 7 is advanced toward the tool exchange head 1° in the radial direction, and a new tool 23c is inserted into the radial holder 22.
Insert into a.

(e) Grip the tool 23c with the radial holder 22a, release the gripping force of the gripper 18a, and retract the turret 7.

(f) Rotate the base 17 of the tool exchange head by 180 degrees, and index the barrel 7 so that the axial holder 22b whose tool is to be exchanged is positioned at the tool exchange position.

(g) The axial holder 2 is about to move the turret 7 and replace it with an empty gripper 18b extending radially inward.
2b and the tool 23b.

(h) Grasp the tool 23b with the radial gripper 18b, release the tool gripping force of the axial holder 22b, and retract the turret 7 in the axial direction.

(i) Rotate the base 17 of the tool exchange head by 180 degrees.

(j) Insert the tool 23a to move and attach the turret 7 in the axial direction into the axial holder 22b.

(k) The inserted tool 23a is gripped by the axial holder 22b, the gripping force of the gripper 18b is released, and the turret 7 is retracted.

(1) Rotate the base 17 of the tool exchange head 180 degrees to align the direction of the extracted tool 23b with the direction of the tool holder in the magazine (this direction is the direction of the new tool 23b shown in Fig. 1(a)).
c), the tool changing head 10 is retracted.

(Effects of the Invention) According to the method of the present invention explained above, not only can both the radial direction tool and the axial direction tool of the turret be freely replaced in one tool change operation, but also the same tool can be used. It is possible to mount both radially and axially as necessary, and the tools can be stored in the same direction in the tool magazine. Therefore, there is no need to store the same tools in different directions in the tool magazine, and the types of tools that can be stored in the tool magazine can be increased. Furthermore, when machining workpieces that require only radial tools, for example, the turret's axial holder can also be used as a tool magazine, greatly increasing the range of machining that can be performed without human intervention through automatic tool change. It can be expanded, and the structure allows only the tool at the tip to be replaced while the tool holder is attached to the turret.
As a result, the device can be made more compact and the operating speed when changing tools can be increased.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

Figures 1 to 4 are diagrams showing embodiments of the present invention, and Figure 1 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of tool exchange operation according to the method of the present invention in the order of Figures (a) to 1). , Fig. 2 is a plan view of the main parts of the lathe 7) equipped with a tool changing device according to the method of the present invention, Fig. 3 is a sectional plan view of the lathe for tool changing, and Fig. 4 is a right side view of the lathe. . 5 to 8 are diagrams showing the apparatus of the conventional method, and FIGS. 5 and 6 are side views and front views of essential parts schematically showing the first conventional example, and FIGS. 7 and 8. is a diagram similar to FIGS. 5 and 6 of the second conventional example. In the figure, 7 units 10: Tool changing head Z1;
Center axis of Tall 7 A2 Gripper rotation center axis

Claims (1)

[Claims] Grippers (18a, 18b) are attached to a base body (17) that rotates around a central axis (A) forming an angle of 45 degrees with respect to the central axis (Z1) of the turret (7). The tool changing head (10
), and by rotating the base (17), the gripper (18a
, 18b) into the axial direction and radially inward of the turret (7), and a tool holder (22a) that grips a tool in the radial direction of the turret (7) and a gripper (18a) that extends in the axial direction. ), the tool (23a) which is gripped in the radial direction by the relative movement of the turret (7) in the radial direction is exchanged between the turret (
7) Axial holder (22a) that grips the tool in the axial direction
and the gripper (18b) extending radially inward to exchange a tool (23b) gripped in the axial direction by relative movement in the axial direction of the turret (7),
How to change tools on a turret turret.