JP7515985B2 - Excavation crushing equipment - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a crushing device for excavated material generated during tunnel excavation work.

When excavating hard rocks in tunnel excavation work, a blasting method is used in which dynamite is placed in the rock and exploded to excavate the tunnel. In addition to using dump trucks, etc. to transport the waste generated by blasting from the face to the tunnel mouth, there is also a method in which the waste generated by blasting is further crushed by a crusher and then placed on a belt conveyor to transport to the tunnel mouth. When using a belt conveyor, it is possible to prevent exhaust gas pollution and dust pollution in the tunnel by not using dump trucks, and it is also possible to improve the safety of the working environment and reduce transportation costs by reducing the number of people required. Furthermore, by using an extension belt conveyor instead of a belt conveyor, the extension belt conveyor can be extended so that the travel distance of the heavy equipment for loading the waste to the crusher is shortened, thereby improving the efficiency of transportation work.

A tunnel excavation technique using such a blasting method is described, for example, in Patent Document 1, which discloses a technique in which the debris generated when the end of a tunnel is crushed by blasting or the like is crushed by a first crusher and a second crusher arranged in tandem behind it, and then the debris is transported outside the tunnel by an output belt conveyor arranged in tandem behind the second crusher. Patent Document 1 also discloses that by using two stages of crushers, the capacity of each crusher can be reduced, making each crusher smaller, and the diameter of the debris transported from the crusher to the belt conveyor can be set to a target value, so the belt conveyor can be made smaller and the belt transport speed can be improved, thereby improving the efficiency of the debris transport work.

Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 11-350880

In the above-mentioned Patent Document 1, no consideration is given to the amount of excavated material (debris) in the feed section of the crushing device (crusher), so the worker (the operator of the heavy loading equipment) must visually check the amount of excavated material in the crushing device from the driver's seat and decide whether or not to feed it in, which hinders improvements in work efficiency.

In addition, with this technology, even if the excavated material is fed into the feeding section, the feeding process may be interrupted midway because the excavated material is in danger of spilling out, or the excavated material may spill out of the feeding section. This may result in a decrease in the efficiency of removing the excavated material due to the interruption of feeding the excavated material or the need to deal with the excavated material that has spilled out of the feeding section.

The present invention was made in light of the above technical background, and aims to provide a technology that eliminates the need for workers to visually determine whether or not excavated material can be inserted.

In order to solve the above problems, the crushing device for excavated material according to the present invention described in claim 1 is a crushing device for excavated material generated by excavating a tunnel, the crushing device is a first crushing device and a second crushing device arranged in a vertical line from the tunnel face toward the tunnel mouth, and has an input section into which the excavated material is input, a crushing section that crushes the excavated material input into the input section into a predetermined size, and a first detection device and a second detection device that indicate whether the excavated material can be input into the input section, and the first detection device is installed in a plurality of units on the crushing section side of the input section, and is detected by receiving a reflected signal of a signal horizontally transmitted toward mutually different upper end positions on the inner wall surface of the input section on the opposite side to the crushing section. and a display means which operates based on the detection result from the sensor and displays a message that the excavated material cannot be input if the sensor detects the excavated material, and displays a message that the excavated material can be input otherwise.The second detection device is characterized in that it comprises a photographing device which photographs the state of the excavated material in the input section, an image display device which displays an image photographed by the photographing device with a reference line overlapping the upper edge of the input section added, and a display means which displays a message that the excavated material cannot be input if the excavated material input into the input section exceeds the reference line, and displays a message that the excavated material can be input otherwise .

The excavated material crushing device of the present invention described in claim 2 is characterized in that, in the invention described in claim 1 , when both the first crushing device and the second crushing device are capable of feeding the excavated material, only the display means of the first crushing device displays that the excavated material can be fed, when only the first crushing device is capable of feeding the excavated material, the display means of the first crushing device displays that the excavated material can be fed, when only the second crushing device is capable of feeding the excavated material, the display means of the second crushing device displays that the excavated material can be fed, and when both the first crushing device and the second crushing device are unable to feed the excavated material, the display means of the first crushing device and the display means of the second crushing device display that the excavated material cannot be fed.

According to the present invention, in the first detection device, when the sensor detects excavated material, the display means displays that the excavated material cannot be fed, and in the second detection device, when the excavated material fed into the feeding section exceeds the reference line, the display means displays that the excavated material cannot be fed, eliminating the need for the operator to visually determine whether or not the excavated material can be fed into the crushing device.

1 is a plan view of a transport device according to a first embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 2 is a side view of the transport device of FIG. 1; FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a crusher constituting the transporting device of FIG. 1 . FIG. 4 is an enlarged perspective view of an area A surrounded by a dashed line in FIG. 3 . FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the crusher of FIG. 3 . 6A is a plan view of the waste injection section and the waste crushing section of the secondary crusher of FIG. 3, and FIG. 6B is a schematic configuration diagram of the waste injection section and the waste crushing section of the secondary crusher of FIG. 6A as viewed from the side. 7(a) is an enlarged configuration diagram of a main part of the rubble-crushing unit of FIG. 6(b), and FIG. 7(b) is a plan view of a crushing chamber of the rubble-crushing unit of FIG. 7(a). FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a detection device that notifies whether or not rubble can be input at the rubble input section of the secondary crusher. 4A is an explanatory diagram showing a detection signal path in a detection device of a secondary crusher from a side view, and FIG. 4B is an explanatory diagram showing a detection signal path in a detection device of a secondary crusher from a plan view. 1A is an explanatory diagram showing a state in which the detection device of the secondary crusher determines that trash can be fed into the trash feed section, and FIG. 1B is an explanatory diagram showing a state in which the detection device of the secondary crusher determines that trash cannot be fed into the trash feed section. FIG. 2 is a side view of a transport device in a tunnel during the blasting process in a tunnel excavation operation. 12 is a side view of the transport device in the tunnel after the blasting process in the tunnel excavation work following FIG. 11 . 13 is a plan view of the transport device in the tunnel after the blasting process in the tunnel excavation work following FIG. 12 . FIG. 14 is a side view of the transport device of FIG. 13. This is a plan view of the transportation device inside the tunnel during the muck transportation process in the tunnel excavation work, following Figure 13. FIG. 16 is a side view of the transport device of FIG. 15. FIG. 2 is a plan view of a transport device in a tunnel during a process in which debris generated by blasting during tunnel excavation work is directly fed into a secondary crusher. FIG. 18 is a side view of the transport device of FIG. 17. 11 is a diagram showing the correspondence between the state of dumping of rubble into the primary crusher and secondary crusher of the transporting device and the signal display of the rotating light installed on the primary crusher and secondary crusher indicating whether dumping of rubble is possible or not. FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of a detection device that notifies whether or not debris can be dumped at the debris dumping section of a secondary crusher of a transporting device according to a second embodiment of the present invention. FIG. FIG. 13 is an explanatory diagram showing an image on a monitor constituting a detection device of a secondary crusher. 1A is an explanatory diagram showing a monitor image when the detection device of the secondary crusher determines that it is possible to feed debris into the debris feed section, and FIG. 1B is an explanatory diagram showing a monitor image when the detection device of the secondary crusher determines that it is not possible to feed debris into the debris feed section.

Below, an embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. In the drawings for explaining the embodiment, the same components are generally designated by the same reference numerals, and repeated explanations will be omitted.

(First embodiment)

First, an example of the configuration of the transport device according to this embodiment will be described with reference to Figures 1 and 2. Figure 1 is a plan view of the transport device according to this embodiment, and Figure 2 is a side view of the transport device of Figure 1.

The transport device 1 of this embodiment is a device for transporting debris (excavated material) generated when, for example, the face K of a tunnel T is excavated by blasting to the mouth of the tunnel T, and includes a crusher (device for crushing excavated material) 2 and an expandable belt conveyor (conveyor) 3.

As shown in Figure 1, the transport devices 1 are arranged in a vertical line from the tunnel face K toward the tunnel mouth, with the transport devices 1 positioned to one side of the tunnel T in the width direction, and the other side of the tunnel T in the width direction can be used as a passageway for various heavy machinery such as blasting charge heavy machinery, loading heavy machinery, and support spraying heavy machinery.

The crusher 2 is a crushing machine that crushes the rubble generated by blasting into pieces of a size that can be transported by the expandable belt conveyor 3, and has a primary crusher (first crushing device) 2a and a secondary crusher (second crushing device) 2b. The primary crusher 2a and the secondary crusher 2b are, for example, self-propelled crushers, and are arranged in a vertical line from the face K toward the expandable belt conveyor 3.

The processing capacity of the primary crusher 2a is, for example, 400 t/h (267 ^m3 /h). The discharge gap (offset, hereinafter referred to as OSS) is, for example, 190 mm. The diameter of the rubble after crushing is, for example, 300 mm or less. The crushing capacity is, for example, 280 t/h, and the amount of rubble not required to be crushed is, for example, 120 t/h.

The processing capacity, crushing capacity, and amount of waste not required to be crushed of the secondary crusher 2b are, for example, the same as those of the primary crusher 2a described above. Also, the OSS of the secondary crusher 2b is set to, for example, 190 mm, like the primary crusher 2a, but the diameter of the waste after crushing can be, for example, 250 mm or less, by transporting the waste crushed by the primary crusher 2a to the secondary crusher 2b. However, there are cases where the offset of the secondary crusher 2b is adjusted (to be smaller than 190 mm) so that the diameter of the waste discharged from the secondary crusher 2b is 250 mm or less.

The telescopic belt conveyor 3 is a transport means that transports the rubble discharged from the secondary crusher 2b toward the tunnel mouth, and includes, for example, a primary belt conveyor 3a and a secondary belt conveyor 3b. The primary belt conveyor 3a and the secondary belt conveyor 3b are transport devices that can move (self-propelled) independently of each other, and are arranged in a vertical line in order from the rear of the secondary crusher 2b toward the tunnel mouth, in a state that allows them to extend and retract (move) along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel T. Note that, although "mutual" is a term that normally expresses the relationship between the two, it is also applied here to cases where there are three or more telescopic belt conveyors 3.

The belt width of the expandable belt conveyor 3 is, for example, about 750 mm or 900 mm, allowing the use of a relatively small expandable belt conveyor 3. This allows the cost of the expandable belt conveyor 3 to be reduced. In addition, the waste transport speed can be improved, thereby improving the waste transport efficiency. The waste transport capacity of the expandable belt conveyor 3 is, for example, 600 t/h.

During blasting, the crusher 2 and the expandable belt conveyor 3 move to positions where debris scattered from the face K cannot reach them. In other words, the primary belt conveyor 3a moves to a position where it overlaps above the secondary belt conveyor 3b, and the primary crusher 2a and the secondary crusher 2b also move to positions away from the face K by that amount. This makes it possible to prevent the crusher 2 and the expandable belt conveyor 3 from being damaged by debris scattered from the face K during blasting.

On the other hand, when transporting the debris after blasting, the crusher 2 and the expandable belt conveyor 3 approach the face K. That is, as the primary crusher 2a and the secondary crusher 2b approach the face K, the primary belt conveyor 3a moves toward the face K. This shortens the distance from the debris gathering position near the face K to the crusher 2, thereby shortening the transportation time when transporting the debris from near the face K to the crusher 2.

Next, an example of the configuration of the crusher 2 described above will be described with reference to Figures 3 to 11. Figure 3 is a perspective view of the crusher constituting the transport device of Figure 1, Figure 4 is an enlarged perspective view of area A enclosed by a dashed line in Figure 3, Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the crusher of Figure 3, Figure 6(a) is a plan view of the debris input section and debris crushing section of the secondary crusher of Figure 3, Figure 6(b) is a schematic diagram of the debris input section and debris crushing section of the secondary crusher of Figure 6(a) viewed from the side, Figure 7(a) is an enlarged diagram of the main parts of the debris crushing section of Figure 6(b), and Figure 7(b) is a plan view of the crushing chamber of the debris crushing section of Figure 7(a).

Note that debris Za indicates debris generated by blasting, debris Zb indicates debris discharged from the primary crusher 2a, and debris Zc indicates debris discharged from the secondary crusher 2b. In addition, the debris inlet section and debris crushing section of the primary crusher 2a and secondary crusher 2b have the same configuration, so the debris inlet section of the secondary crusher 2b is shown in Figure 6 as a representative example.

As shown in Figures 3 and 5, the primary crusher 2a and the secondary crusher 2b each have a running section 4a, 4b, a rubble feed section (feed section) 5a, 5b, a rubble crushing section (crushing section) 6a, 6b, and a belt conveyor section 7a, 7b, all of which are integral with each other.

The running parts 4a, 4b of the primary crusher 2a and the secondary crusher 2b are mechanical parts for enabling the primary crusher 2a and the secondary crusher 2b to move on their own, and are configured, for example, as caterpillar tracks. The caterpillar tracks are configured by attaching a track, which is made up of multiple steel track plates connected in an endless loop like a chain, around multiple rotating rollers. However, the running parts 4a, 4b are not limited to being configured as caterpillar tracks and can be modified in various ways, and for example, they may be configured to run on tire wheels.

The waste inlet sections 5a, 5b of the primary crusher 2a and secondary crusher 2b are transport means for carrying the waste that has been input into the waste inlet sections 5a, 5b to the waste crushing sections 6a, 6b, and as shown in Figures 4 to 6, are equipped with a feeder 10 and a hopper 11 that is integrally attached to the frame above the feeder 10.

The feeder 10 is, for example, a grizzly feeder, and is integrally equipped with a trough 10a and a grizzly deck 10b downstream of the trough 10a. The trough 10a is a plate that receives the waste fed through the hopper 11 of the waste feed section 5a, 5b, and is installed horizontally or inclined forward (inclined so as to be lower toward the grizzly deck 10b). By mechanically applying vibrations with up and down movements to the trough 10a, the waste on the trough 10a is sent forward to the grizzly deck 10b. The grizzly deck 10b is a mechanism that sifts the waste fed from the trough 10a that is large enough not to be crushed using multiple grizzly bars, and places it on a belt conveyor (not shown) or the like installed below the grizzly deck 10b.

The rubble crushing units 6a, 6b of the primary crusher 2a and secondary crusher 2b are mechanical units for crushing rubble into a predetermined size (diameter), and are, for example, configured with a single toggle type jaw crusher. However, the rubble crushing units 6a, 6b are not limited to single toggle type jaw crushers and can be modified in various ways, for example, a double toggle type jaw crusher or a low head type jaw crusher may be used.

As shown in Figures 5, 6(b) and 7, the rubble crushing units 6a and 6b are equipped with a fixed tooth plate 13a attached to the frame of the primary crusher 2a and the secondary crusher 2b, a movable tooth plate 13b attached to a swing jaw 14 that swings by power, and a crushing chamber 15 formed in an approximately V shape by these tooth plates 13a and 13b facing each other at a predetermined angle.

The swing jaws 14 of the rubble crushing units 6a and 6b are installed so that their support shafts 14a (see FIG. 6(b)) coincide with the eccentric shaft. During crushing, the swing jaws 14 are oscillated by a single toggle plate 16 (see FIG. 6(b) and FIG. 7) of the rubble crushing units 6a and 6b and the eccentric shaft. At this time, the movement of the swing jaws 14 is a circular movement at the top, and as it approaches the bottom, it changes from an elongated elliptical movement to an arc-like movement. In this state, the rubble supplied to the crushing chamber 15 of the rubble crushing units 6a and 6b is crushed by the compression action due to the oscillating movement of the movable tooth plate 13b and the collision between the crushed materials while falling due to gravity. The rubble crushed in the crushing chamber 15 of the rubble crushing units 6a and 6b is then placed on the belt conveyor units 7a and 7b below the crushing chamber 15. As shown in FIG. 7(b), the minimum gap D between the valley of the fixed tooth plate 13a and the peak of the movable tooth plate 13b is called the set, and when this minimum gap D is at its maximum it is called the opening set, and when it is at its minimum it is called the closing set. The OSS mentioned above is the distance when set on the opening side.

The belt conveyor section 7a of the primary crusher 2a is a transport means that transports the waste Zb discharged from the waste crushing section 6a of the primary crusher 2a to the waste input section 5b of the secondary crusher 2b at the rear in the longitudinal direction of the tunnel T. When transporting the waste, the primary crusher 2a is positioned so that the tip of its belt conveyor section 7a overlaps with a part of the waste input section 5b of the secondary crusher 2b at the rear. The waste transport capacity of the belt conveyor section 7a is, for example, 600 t/h.

The belt conveyor section 7b of the secondary crusher 2b is a transport means that transports the waste Zc discharged from the waste crushing section 6b of the secondary crusher 2b to the primary belt conveyor 3a of the expandable belt conveyor 3. When transporting the waste, the secondary crusher 2b is positioned so that the tip of its belt conveyor section 7b touches a part of the subsequent primary belt conveyor 3a. The waste transport capacity of the belt conveyor section 7b is, for example, 600 t/h.

Next, FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a detection device that notifies whether or not trash can be dumped into the trash dump section of the secondary crusher, FIG. 9(a) is an explanatory diagram showing the detection signal path in the detection device of the secondary crusher from the side, FIG. 9(b) is an explanatory diagram showing the detection signal path in the detection device of the secondary crusher from a plan view, FIG. 10(a) is an explanatory diagram showing a trash dump state in which the detection device of the secondary crusher determines that trash can be dumped into the trash dump section, and FIG. 10(b) is an explanatory diagram showing a trash dump state in which the detection device of the secondary crusher determines that trash cannot be dumped into the trash dump section. Note that a detection device is also installed in the primary crusher 2a, but since the detection device of the primary crusher 2a and the detection device of the secondary crusher 2b are the same, the detection device of the secondary crusher 2b is shown in FIG. 8 as a representative.

In FIG. 8, the detection device (first detection device) 20 is a device that detects the state of debris in the hopper 11 and indicates whether debris can be loaded into the hopper 11, and is equipped with multiple sensors 20a (two in this embodiment), a program relay circuit 20b, and a rotating light 20c.

Each sensor 20a is a device that detects the presence or absence of debris above a plane including the upper edge of the hopper 11, and is mounted on a frame slightly above the hopper 11. Each sensor 20a is composed of an optical distance sensor or an ultrasonic distance sensor that uses a laser diode or LED (Light Emitting Diode) as a light source, and detects the distance by receiving a reflected signal of a signal transmitted horizontally toward the upper end of the inner wall surface of the hopper 11, as shown in FIG. 9(a). The sensor 20a is installed on the debris crushing section 6a, 6b side of the debris input section 5a, 5b, and transmits a signal toward the inner wall surface of the hopper 11 on the opposite side to the debris crushing section 6a, 6b. In this application, "horizontal" is not limited to horizontal in the strict sense (i.e., a direction perpendicular to the direction of gravity), but is sufficient as long as it is close to horizontal, i.e., approximately horizontal.

As shown in FIG. 9(b), the multiple sensors 20a are installed so as to send signals toward different positions on the upper end of the inner wall surface of the hopper 11, so that even if the debris is unevenly loaded into the hopper 11, it can be detected reliably. The number of sensors 20a is not limited to multiple, and one sensor is sufficient. However, since the detection range for debris is limited and detection accuracy decreases when debris is unevenly loaded (debris may not be detected), it is desirable to install multiple sensors 20a.

The sensor 20a is electrically connected to the program relay circuit 20b through wiring. This program relay circuit 20b is a circuit that controls the on (blinking or lighting) or off (lighting out) of the rotating light 20c based on the detection signal from each sensor 20a, and is electrically connected to the rotating light 20c through wiring.

When the alarm is off for all the sensors 20a (i.e., as shown in FIG. 10(a), there is no debris Zb above the plane including the upper edge of the hopper 11 at the detection point of the sensor 20a, i.e., the debris Zb is not detected by the sensor 20a), the program relay circuit 20b turns off (turns off) the rotating light 20c to indicate that the debris Zb can be added. On the other hand, when the alarm is on for any of the sensors 20a (i.e., as shown in FIG. 10(b), there is debris Zb above the plane including the upper edge of the hopper 11 at the detection point of the sensor 20a, i.e., the debris Zb is detected by the sensor 20a), the program relay circuit 20b turns on (blinks or lights up) the rotating light 20c to indicate that the debris Zb cannot be added. However, although the case where the rotating light 20c is turned on when any of the multiple sensors 20c is on has been described here, the present invention is not limited to this, and the rotating light 20c may be turned on when all the sensors 20a are on.

The rotating light (display means) 20c is a display means that indicates whether or not rubble can be loaded into the hopper 11 by turning on (flashing or lighting) or off (going dark) based on a control signal from the program relay circuit 20b, and is mounted in an easily visible position on the frame above the hopper 11. Whether or not rubble can be loaded into the rubble loading sections 5a, 5b of the primary crusher 2a and secondary crusher 2b is determined, for example, by a worker who transports rubble generated by blasting to the crusher 2 by checking the on/off state of the rotating light 20c arranged on each of the primary crusher 2a and secondary crusher 2b.

Next, an example of the tunnel excavation method and the method of transporting the waste generated by excavation according to this embodiment will be described with reference to Figures 11 to 19. The excavation method is not particularly limited, but for example, it is the New Australian Tunneling Method (NATM). The rock type is not particularly limited, but for example, it is sandstone.

First, Figure 11 is a side view of the transport device in the tunnel during the blasting process in the tunnel excavation work, and Figure 12 is a side view of the transport device in the tunnel after the blasting process in the tunnel excavation work following Figure 11.

As shown in FIG. 11, dynamite is set at the tunnel face K1 of the tunnel T by a self-propelled heavy machinery for loading charges, such as a hydraulic jumbo, and then the dynamite is detonated (blasted) to excavate the tunnel face K1 of the tunnel T, as shown in FIG. 12. Note that the face K2 in FIG. 12 shows the face after excavation by blasting.

During this blasting process, the primary belt conveyor 3a and the secondary belt conveyor 3b are arranged so as to overlap, and the primary crusher 2a, the secondary crusher 2b, the primary belt conveyor 3a, and the secondary belt conveyor 3b are on standby in positions where the crushed material scattered by the blasting cannot reach them. This makes it possible to prevent the crushed material scattered by the blasting from hitting the primary crusher 2a, the secondary crusher 2b, the primary belt conveyor 3a, and the secondary belt conveyor 3b, thereby preventing damage or destruction of the primary crusher 2a, the secondary crusher 2b, the primary belt conveyor 3a, and the secondary belt conveyor 3b due to the collision of the crushed material.

Next, Figure 13 is a plan view of the transport device in the tunnel after the blasting process in the tunnel excavation work following Figure 12, and Figure 14 is a side view of the transport device in Figure 13.

Here, after ventilating the air inside the tunnel T, the primary crusher 2a, secondary crusher 2b, and primary belt conveyor 3a are moved toward the face K2 as shown in FIG. 13. In addition, a self-propelled heavy loading machine 30 such as a side dump shovel for loading the debris Za generated by blasting onto the crusher 2 is moved to the face K2 of the tunnel T. After the movement is stopped, a space (distance) is secured between the face side tip of the primary crusher 2a and the face K2, sufficient for various operations such as transporting the debris Za and shoring work to be performed. In addition, the number of heavy loading machines 30 used is not limited to one, and may be, for example, two.

Next, Figure 15 is a plan view of the transport device in the tunnel during the muck transport process in the tunnel excavation work following Figure 13, and Figure 16 is a side view of the transport device in Figure 15.

Here, after the primary crusher 2a, secondary crusher 2b, primary belt conveyor 3a, and secondary belt conveyor 3b are started to be driven, the debris Za generated by blasting is dumped into the debris dump section 5a of the primary crusher 2a through the hopper 11 by the loading machine 30, as shown in Figures 15 and 16.

The rubble Za fed into the primary crusher 2a is crushed into rubble Zb of a predetermined diameter in the rubble crushing section 6a of the primary crusher 2a, and then placed on the belt conveyor section 7a of the primary crusher 2a and fed into the rubble feeding section 5b of the secondary crusher 2b through the hopper 11. The diameter of the rubble Zb is, for example, 300 mm or less.

The waste Zb fed into the secondary crusher 2b is crushed in the waste crushing section 6b of the secondary crusher 2b into waste Zc of a predetermined diameter that can be loaded onto the expandable belt conveyor 3, and then placed on the belt conveyor section 7b of the secondary crusher 2b and loaded onto the primary belt conveyor 3a, and then transferred to the secondary belt conveyor 3b and transported to the mouth of the tunnel T. The diameter of the waste Zc is, for example, 250 mm or less.

However, if the waste Za continues to be fed only to the primary crusher 2a, the amount of waste transported is determined by the processing capacity of the primary crusher 2a, and the efficiency of the waste transport work may decrease. Therefore, in this embodiment, the waste Za generated by blasting is fed directly to the secondary crusher 2b. Figure 17 is a plan view of the transport device in the tunnel during the process of directly feeding the waste generated by blasting into the secondary crusher in the tunnel excavation work, and Figure 18 is a side view of the transport device in Figure 17. In this case, even if the primary crusher 2a does not have enough processing capacity to feed the waste Za, the secondary crusher 2b may have enough processing capacity, so the waste transport processing efficiency can be improved by directly feeding the waste Za generated by blasting into the secondary crusher 2b, which has enough processing capacity.

However, even if the efficiency of transporting the debris Za generated by blasting can be improved by directly feeding the debris Za into the secondary crusher 2b, simply feeding the debris generated by blasting into the secondary crusher 2b may result in the diameter of the debris discharged from the secondary crusher 2b being larger than the target value. In that case, the expandable belt conveyor 3 downstream of the secondary crusher 2b will need to be larger, resulting in higher costs.

Therefore, in this embodiment, while the waste Zb sent from the primary crusher 2a to the secondary crusher 2b is being crushed by the secondary crusher 2b, the waste Za generated by blasting is directly input into the waste input section 5b of the secondary crusher 2b. That is, the waste Zb of 300 mm or less after being crushed by the primary crusher 2a and the waste Za generated by blasting are simultaneously input into the crushing chamber 15 of the waste crushing section 6b of the secondary crusher 2b. As a result, the crushing chamber 15 of the waste crushing section 6b of the secondary crusher 2b is in a compacted state, so that even if the OSS of the secondary crusher 2b is the same 190 mm as the OSS of the primary crusher 2a, it is possible to discharge the waste Zb with a diameter of 250 mm or less from the secondary crusher 2b. Therefore, the secondary crusher 2b and the expandable belt conveyor 3 do not become larger, and therefore the cost does not increase. Therefore, according to this embodiment, the efficiency of the work of transporting the debris generated during the excavation of the tunnel T using the blasting method can be improved when the debris is transported on the expandable belt conveyor 3 in a state in which the debris is reduced to a predetermined diameter or less. However, there are also cases in which the OSS of the secondary crusher 2b is adjusted so that the diameter of the debris discharged from the secondary crusher 2b is 250 mm or less (less than 190 mm).

Next, the loading of rubble into the primary crusher 2a and secondary crusher 2b will be described with reference to Figure 19. Figure 19 shows the correspondence between the loading state of rubble in the primary crusher and secondary crusher of the transport device and the signal display of the rotating light installed in the primary crusher and secondary crusher that indicates whether or not rubble can be loaded. Note that blue indicates that loading is possible, and red indicates that loading is not possible.

Whether or not to dump debris is determined by the worker who carries the debris around the face generated by blasting to the primary crusher 2a or secondary crusher 2b, by checking the on/off display state of the rotating light 20c located on each of the primary crusher 2a and secondary crusher 2b (i.e., the decision is made based on the dumping state of debris in the hopper 11 detected by the sensor 20a on each of the primary crusher 2a and secondary crusher 2b).

At this time, in this embodiment, the dumping of the debris is prioritized to the primary crusher 2a. That is, when the debris can be dumped into the primary crusher 2a and also into the secondary crusher 2b, the signal display of the rotating light 20c of the primary crusher 2a is set to "Dropping possible" (green) and the signal display of the rotating light 20c of the secondary crusher 2b is set to "Dropping not possible" (red), and an instruction is given to the operator to dump the debris Za into the primary crusher 2a. Note that the reason why the debris is dumped into the primary crusher 2a when the debris can be dumped into both the primary crusher 2a and the secondary crusher 2b is that, as described above, if the debris generated by blasting is dumped into the secondary crusher 2b, the diameter of the debris discharged from the secondary crusher 2b may become larger than the target value. Next, when the primary crusher 2a can accept rubbish but the secondary crusher 2b cannot accept rubbish, the signal display of the rotating light 20c of the primary crusher 2a is changed to accept (green) and the signal display of the rotating light 20c of the secondary crusher 2b is changed to not accept (red), and an instruction is given to the operator to accept rubbish Za into the primary crusher 2a. Next, when the primary crusher 2a cannot accept rubbish but the secondary crusher 2b can accept rubbish, the signal display of the rotating light 20c of the primary crusher 2a is changed to not accept (red) and the signal display of the rotating light 20c of the secondary crusher 2b is changed to accept (green), and an instruction is given to the operator to accept rubbish Za into the secondary crusher 2b.
When the primary crusher 2a is unable to input rubble and the secondary crusher 2b is also unable to input rubble, the rotating light 20c of the primary crusher 2a shows a signal indicating that input is not permitted (red), and the rotating light 20c of the secondary crusher 2b also shows a signal indicating that input is not permitted (red), and an instruction is given to the worker to wait for input of rubble.

In this way, by prioritizing the feeding of debris into the primary crusher 2a, when the debris Za generated by blasting is fed directly into the secondary crusher 2b, the debris Zb discharged from the primary crusher 2a can always be crushed by the secondary crusher 2b, so that debris Zc of a predetermined diameter or less can be discharged from the secondary crusher 2b.

Next, after the work of transporting the rubble around the face K2 of tunnel T to crusher 2 is completed, a coating material made of concrete or the like is sprayed onto the inner wall surface of the excavation point of tunnel T using two self-propelled heavy spraying machines, and then multiple metal rock bolts are installed in a direction intersecting the inner wall surface of tunnel T to reinforce the inner wall surface of the excavation point of tunnel T (shoring work).

Next, after the support work inside tunnel T is completed, it is confirmed that there is no debris on the expandable belt conveyor 3, and then the primary belt conveyor 3a is moved (slid) toward the tunnel entrance so that it overlaps above the secondary belt conveyor 3b, and the primary crusher 2a and secondary crusher 2b are moved toward the entrance side.

Then, the next excavation cycle begins with blasting, and the same work is carried out as above. Then, the above-mentioned excavation work by blasting and the transportation of the rubble are repeated several times to form a tunnel T in the ground.

(Second embodiment)

First, the detection device of the crushing device according to the second embodiment will be described with reference to Figs. 20 to 22. Fig. 20 is a schematic diagram of the detection device that notifies whether or not it is possible to input debris into the debris input section of the secondary crusher, Fig. 21 is an explanatory diagram showing a monitor image constituting the detection device of the secondary crusher, Fig. 22(a) is an explanatory diagram showing a monitor image in which the detection device of the secondary crusher determines that it is possible to input debris into the debris input section, and Fig. 22(b) is an explanatory diagram showing a monitor image in which the detection device of the secondary crusher determines that it is not possible to input debris into the debris input section. Note that a detection device is also installed in the primary crusher 2a, but since the detection device of the primary crusher 2a and the detection device of the secondary crusher 2b are the same, the detection device of the secondary crusher 2b is shown in Fig. 20 as a representative.

In the crushing device of this embodiment, a detection device (second detection device) 21 shown in FIG. 20 is provided instead of the detection device (first detection device) 20 of the first embodiment. The rest of the configuration is the same as that of the first embodiment.

In FIG. 20, the detection device (second detection device) 21 in this embodiment is a device that uses image processing to determine the state of rubbish in the hopper 11 and notifies whether rubbish can be added, and is equipped with a camera (photography device) 21a, a recorder 21b, a hub 21c, a personal computer 21d, a monitor 21e, a program relay circuit 21f, and a rotating light 21g. In this embodiment, a CCD camera is used as the photography device, but other photography devices may be used.

The camera 21a is a device that photographs the state of the rubble inside the hopper 11, and is mounted on a frame above the hopper 11. However, if it is installed directly on the primary crusher 2a and secondary crusher 2b, the image may become unclear due to vibrations, etc. In that case, a separate scaffold for the camera may be prepared at a position away from the primary crusher 2a and secondary crusher 2b. The camera 21a is electrically connected to the recorder 21b through wiring.

Recorder 21b is a device that stores images such as videos and still images captured by camera 21a, and is electrically connected to personal computer 21d via hub 21c. Personal computer 21d converts the signal sent from camera 21a into an image and displays it on monitor 21e.

Image 21ep on monitor 21e is shown in Figure 21. As shown, personal computer 21d displays reference lines L1 and L2 overlapping with the upper edge of hopper 11 in the image captured by camera 21a on image 21ep on monitor 21e. Reference line L1 is a line overlapping with the upper edge of hopper 11 located opposite camera 21a, and reference line L2 is a line overlapping with the upper edges of hopper 11 located on both sides of camera 21a. Therefore, there is one reference line L1, but two reference lines L2.

The monitor 21e is electrically connected to the program relay circuit 21f through wiring. This program relay circuit 21f is a circuit that controls the on (blinking or lighting) or off (lighting out) of the rotating light 21g based on the relationship between the waste in the hopper 11 displayed on the image 21ep of the monitor 21e and the reference lines L1 and L2, and is electrically connected to the rotating light 21g through wiring.

When the waste in the hopper 11 displayed on the image 21ep of the monitor 21e exceeds (crosses) one of the reference lines L1, L2, the program relay circuit 21f turns on (blinks or lights up) the rotating light 21g to inform the operator that waste cannot be added. That is, as shown in FIG. 22(a), when the waste Zb in the hopper 11 does not exceed the reference lines L1, L2, the rotating light 21g is turned off (turned off) to inform the operator that waste Zb can be added. On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 22(b), when the waste Zb in the hopper 11 exceeds one of the reference lines L1, L2 (here, reference line L1), the rotating light 21g is turned on (blinks or lights up) to inform the operator that waste Zb cannot be added. In addition, in this embodiment, the image 21ep of the monitor 21e displays the words "No addition!", so that the operator can also know from the image 21ep that waste Zb cannot be added.

In this embodiment, the reference lines L1 and L2 are drawn up to the extension of the upper edge of the hopper 11, but they may be drawn only to the upper edge of the hopper 11. The reference lines L1 and L2 may be in front of the debris, or conversely, may be hidden by the debris and be behind. Furthermore, although three reference lines L1 and L2 are displayed, it is sufficient to display only the reference line L1 that overlaps with the upper edge of the hopper 11 located opposite the camera 21a, and the reference lines L2 that overlap with the upper edges of the hopper 11 located on both sides of the camera 21a do not need to be displayed.

The rotating light 21g is an indication means that indicates whether or not rubble can be loaded into the hopper 11 by turning on (flashing or lit) or off (lighting out) based on a control signal from the program relay circuit 21f, and is mounted in an easily visible position on the frame above the hopper 11. Whether or not rubble can be loaded into the rubble loading sections 5a, 5b of the primary crusher 2a and secondary crusher 2b is determined, for example, by a worker who transports rubble generated by blasting to the crusher 2 by checking the on/off state of the rotating light 21g arranged on each of the primary crusher 2a and secondary crusher 2b.

The invention made by the inventor has been specifically described above based on the embodiments, but the embodiments disclosed in this specification are illustrative in all respects and are not limited to the disclosed technology. In other words, the technical scope of the present invention should not be interpreted restrictively based on the explanation in the above embodiments, but should be interpreted solely in accordance with the claims, and includes technologies equivalent to the technologies described in the claims and all modifications that do not deviate from the gist of the claims.

For example, the crusher 2 may be equipped with both a detection device (first detection device) 20 that detects the state of rubble in the hopper 11 using a sensor 20a, and a detection device (second detection device) 21 that detects using a camera 21a.

In addition, in the above explanation, we have described the case where a blasting method is used as the tunnel excavation method, but this is not limited to this, and it can also be applied when a mechanical excavation method is used, for example.

As described above, the crushing device for excavated material resulting from tunnel excavation work according to the present invention is effective when applied to crush excavated material resulting from excavation of natural ground.

1 Transport device 2 Crusher (excavated material crushing device)
2a Primary crusher (first crushing device)
2b Secondary crusher (second crushing device)
3. Expandable belt conveyor (conveyor)
3a Primary belt conveyor 3b Secondary belt conveyor 4a, 4b Running section 5a, 5b Muck input section (input section)
6a, 6b Muck crushing section (crushing section)
7a, 7b Belt conveyor section 10 Feeder 11 Hopper 13a Fixed tooth plate 13b Moving tooth plate 14 Swing jaw 14a Support shaft 15 Crushing chamber 16 Toggle plate 20 Detection device (first detection device)
20a: Sensor 20b: Program relay circuit 20c: Rotating light (display means)
21 Detection device (second detection device)
21a Camera 21b Recorder 21c Hub 21d Personal computer 21e Monitor 21ep Image 21f Program relay circuit 21g Rotating light (display means)
T Tunnel K, K1, K2 Face L1, L2 Reference line Z, Za, Zb, Zc Muck (excavated material)

Claims (2)

A crushing device for excavated material resulting from tunnel excavation,
The crushing device includes:
A first crushing device and a second crushing device are arranged in tandem from a tunnel face toward a tunnel mouth,
an input section into which excavated material is input;
A crushing unit that crushes the excavated material input into the input unit into pieces of a predetermined size;
a first detection device and a second detection device for indicating whether or not the excavated object can be input into the input section;
The first detection device is
A plurality of sensors are installed on the crushing section side of the feed section, and detect the presence or absence of an excavated object above a plane including the upper edge of the feed section based on a distance detected by receiving a reflected signal of a signal horizontally transmitted toward different upper end positions on an inner wall surface of the feed section opposite the crushing section;
a display means that operates based on the detection result from the sensor, and displays that the excavated material cannot be input when the sensor detects the excavated material, and displays that the excavated material can be input otherwise ;
The second detection device is
A photographing device for photographing the state of the excavated material in the input section;
an image display device that displays an image captured by the image capture device by adding a reference line that overlaps with an upper edge of the insertion portion;
a display means for displaying that the excavated material cannot be input when the excavated material input to the input section exceeds the reference line, and displaying that the excavated material can be input otherwise;
A crushing device for excavated material. When both the first crushing device and the second crushing device are capable of inputting excavated material, only the display means of the first crushing device displays that the excavated material can be input;
When only the first crushing device is capable of dumping the excavated material, the display means of the first crushing device displays that the excavated material can be dumped;
When only the second crushing device is capable of dumping the excavated material, the display means of the second crushing device displays that the excavated material can be dumped;
When both the first crushing device and the second crushing device are unable to input the excavated material, the display means of the first crushing device and the display means of the second crushing device display that the excavated material cannot be input.
2. The apparatus for crushing excavated material according to claim 1.

Images