JP7506534B2 - Coaxial Waveguide Converter - Google Patents
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- JP7506534B2 JP7506534B2 JP2020104920A JP2020104920A JP7506534B2 JP 7506534 B2 JP7506534 B2 JP 7506534B2 JP 2020104920 A JP2020104920 A JP 2020104920A JP 2020104920 A JP2020104920 A JP 2020104920A JP 7506534 B2 JP7506534 B2 JP 7506534B2
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- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 28
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Description
本発明の実施形態は、同軸線路と導波管とに伝送路を変換する技術に関する。 An embodiment of the present invention relates to a technology for converting a transmission line between a coaxial line and a waveguide.
従来、同軸線路と導波管とに高周波電力の伝送路を変換する同軸導波管変換器として、モノポール給電を用いたモノポール型同軸導波管変換器や、ループ型結合を用いたループ型同軸導波管変換器などが知られている。 Conventionally, known coaxial-waveguide converters that convert high-frequency power transmission paths between a coaxial line and a waveguide include monopole-type coaxial-waveguide converters that use a monopole feed and loop-type coaxial-waveguide converters that use loop coupling.
図１３に示すように、モノポール型同軸導波管変換器８は、伝送方向一方が開口された中空の方形状に形成され、伝送方向に平行に相対向する２つの短辺壁部と、これら２つの短辺壁部を接続するように対向する長辺壁部とを有する方形導波管８０と、この方形導波管８０の一方の長辺壁部において伝送方向に直行するように、方形導波管８０内に突出される同軸線の中心導体であるプローブ８４とによって構成される。 As shown in FIG. 13, the monopole-type coaxial waveguide converter 8 is formed in a hollow rectangular shape with one side open in the transmission direction, and is composed of a rectangular waveguide 80 having two short side walls that face each other parallel to the transmission direction and a long side wall that faces each other so as to connect these two short side walls, and a probe 84, which is the central conductor of a coaxial line that protrudes into the rectangular waveguide 80 at one long side wall of the rectangular waveguide 80 so as to be perpendicular to the transmission direction.
また、図１４に示すように、ループ型同軸導波管変換器９は、方形導波管８０と、この方形導波管８０における開口部に対向する壁部において、伝送方向に沿うように方形導波管８０内に突出されるとともに、長辺壁部に接続されてループアンテナをなすプローブ９４とによって構成される。 As shown in FIG. 14, the loop-type coaxial waveguide converter 9 is composed of a rectangular waveguide 80 and a probe 94 that protrudes into the rectangular waveguide 80 along the transmission direction from the wall portion facing the opening of the rectangular waveguide 80 and is connected to the long side wall portion to form a loop antenna.
なお、関連する技術として、端面を短絡した導波管と、中心導体に接続されたプローブを有する同軸線路とを備え、導波管の短絡面に直交する側面の挿入孔から導波管内部へ同軸線路のプローブを挿入する構成の導波管－伝送線路変換器において、導波管の側面と同軸線路との間に、プローブを中心とするラジアル線路を設け、このラジアル線路で導波管と同軸線路のインピーダンス整合を図ることを特徴とする導波管－伝送線路変換器、が知られている（例えば、特許文献１参照）。 As a related technology, a waveguide-transmission line converter is known that is configured to include a waveguide with a short-circuited end face and a coaxial line with a probe connected to the central conductor, and the probe of the coaxial line is inserted into the waveguide through an insertion hole on the side perpendicular to the short-circuited face of the waveguide, and that has a radial line centered on the probe between the side face of the waveguide and the coaxial line, and that uses this radial line to match the impedance of the waveguide and the coaxial line (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
ループ型同軸導波管変換器には、真空環境における耐電力性はモノポール型同軸導波管変換器より高いものの、更なる耐電力性の向上が求められている。 Although loop-type coaxial-waveguide converters have higher power resistance in a vacuum environment than monopole-type coaxial-waveguide converters, further improvements in power resistance are required.
本発明は、上述した問題点を解決するためになされたものであり、真空環境における耐電力性をより向上させる技術を提供することを目的とする。 The present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems, and aims to provide technology that further improves power durability in a vacuum environment.
上述した課題を解決するため、本実施形態の同軸導波管変換器は、高周波電力の伝送路を変換する同軸導波管変換器であって、前記伝送方向に平行して相対向する２つの短辺壁部と、該２つの短辺壁部に直行して相対向するとともに前記２つの短辺壁部より大きい幅に形成された２つの長辺壁部と、前記伝送方向の一方側を閉塞する閉塞壁部とを有して方形状の内部空間を画成するとともに、前記伝送方向の他方側において開口部が形成された方形導波管と、前記閉塞壁部において前記方形導波管の外部から前記内部空間に突出するように前記伝送方向に延在する導体である突出部と、前記２つの長辺壁部の対向方向に延在するとともに前記突出部と一方の長辺壁部とを接続する導体である第１接続部と、前記２つの短辺壁部の対向方向に延在するとともに前記突出部または前記第１接続部と前記２つの短辺壁部の少なくとも一方とを接続する導体である第２接続部とを備える。 In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the coaxial waveguide converter of this embodiment is a coaxial waveguide converter that converts the transmission path of high-frequency power, and includes a rectangular waveguide having two short side walls that face each other in the transmission direction, two long side walls that face each other perpendicularly to the two short side walls and are formed with a width larger than the two short side walls, and a blocking wall that blocks one side of the transmission direction to define a rectangular internal space and has an opening on the other side of the transmission direction, a protrusion that is a conductor that extends in the transmission direction so as to protrude from the outside of the rectangular waveguide into the internal space in the blocking wall, a first connection that is a conductor that extends in the opposing direction of the two long side walls and connects the protrusion and one of the long side walls, and a second connection that is a conductor that extends in the opposing direction of the two short side walls and connects the protrusion or the first connection and at least one of the two short side walls.
本発明によれば、真空環境における耐電力性をより向上させることができる。 The present invention can further improve power durability in a vacuum environment.
以下、図面を参照しながら、本発明の実施形態について説明する。 The following describes an embodiment of the present invention with reference to the drawings.
＜第１の実施形態＞
第１の実施形態に係る同軸導波管変換器について説明する。図１、図２は、それぞれ、本実施形態に係る同軸導波管変換器の構成を示す斜視図、側面図である。
First Embodiment
A coaxial-waveguide converter according to a first embodiment will be described below. Figures 1 and 2 are a perspective view and a side view, respectively, showing the configuration of the coaxial-waveguide converter according to the present embodiment.
図１及び図２に示すように、本実施形態に係る同軸導波管変換器１は、ミリ波、マイクロ波などの高周波電力の伝送方向（図１中ｙ方向）一方が開口された中空の方形状に形成された方形導波管１０と、方形導波管１０内に突出するように外部から挿入されたプローブ１１とを備える。 As shown in Figures 1 and 2, the coaxial waveguide converter 1 according to this embodiment includes a rectangular waveguide 10 formed in a hollow rectangular shape with one side open in the transmission direction (y direction in Figure 1) of high-frequency power such as millimeter waves and microwaves, and a probe 11 inserted from the outside so as to protrude into the rectangular waveguide 10.
方形導波管１０は、２つの長辺壁部１０１ａ，１０１ｂと、２つの短辺壁部１０２ａ，１０２ｂと、基端壁部１０３とを有する。２つの長辺壁部１０１ａ，１０１ｂのそれぞれは、伝送方向に直行するｚ方向に対向するように設けられた壁部である。２つの短辺壁部１０２ａ，１０２ｂのそれぞれは、伝送方向及びｚ方向に直行するｘ方向に対向するとともに、ｚ方向に離間した２つの長辺壁部１０１ａ，１０１ｂを接続するように設けられた壁部である。２つの長辺壁部１０１ａ，１０１ｂと、２つの短辺壁部１０２ａ，１０２ｂとによって、伝送方向に直行する方向から伝送路が囲繞される。 The rectangular waveguide 10 has two long side walls 101a, 101b, two short side walls 102a, 102b, and a base end wall 103. Each of the two long side walls 101a, 101b is a wall provided to face each other in the z direction perpendicular to the transmission direction. Each of the two short side walls 102a, 102b is a wall provided to face each other in the x direction perpendicular to the transmission direction and the z direction, and to connect the two long side walls 101a, 101b spaced apart in the z direction. The two long side walls 101a, 101b and the two short side walls 102a, 102b surround the transmission path from the direction perpendicular to the transmission direction.
２つの短辺壁部１０２ａ，１０２ｂのそれぞれは、ｚ方向の辺の長さが距離Ｌ１となるように形成されるのに対し、２つの長辺壁部１０１ａ，１０１ｂのそれぞれは、ｘ方向の辺の長さが距離Ｌ１より大きい距離Ｌ２となるように形成される。 Each of the two short side wall portions 102a, 102b is formed so that the length of the side in the z direction is distance L1, whereas each of the two long side wall portions 101a, 101b is formed so that the length of the side in the x direction is distance L2, which is greater than distance L1.
基端壁部１０３は、２つの長辺壁部１０１ａ，１０１ｂと、２つの短辺壁部１０２ａ，１０２ｂとにより形成された方形筒形状の一方の底部を成すように、伝送方向の基端側に設けられた壁部である。伝送方向における基端壁部１０３の逆側には開口部１０４が形成される。 The base end wall portion 103 is a wall portion provided on the base end side in the transmission direction so as to form one bottom of the rectangular cylindrical shape formed by the two long side walls 101a, 101b and the two short side walls 102a, 102b. An opening 104 is formed on the opposite side of the base end wall portion 103 in the transmission direction.
プローブ１１は、突出部１１０ａと、第１接続部１１０ｂと、２つの第２接続部１１１ａ，１１１ｂとを有する。突出部１１０ａは、基端壁部１０３に形成された孔１０３１から方形導波管１０内部に挿入され、伝送方向に延在する同軸ケーブルの中心導体である。第１接続部１１０ｂは、ｚ方向に延在し、長辺壁部１０１の一方、本実施形態においては長辺壁部１０１ｂと突出部１１０ａとを電気的に接続する導体である。本実施形態においては、突出部１１０ａ及び第１接続部１１０ｂは、略Ｌ字状に屈曲された中心導体として構成される。 The probe 11 has a protrusion 110a, a first connection portion 110b, and two second connection portions 111a and 111b. The protrusion 110a is inserted into the rectangular waveguide 10 from a hole 1031 formed in the base end wall portion 103, and is a central conductor of a coaxial cable extending in the transmission direction. The first connection portion 110b extends in the z direction and is a conductor that electrically connects one of the long side walls 101, in this embodiment the long side wall portion 101b, to the protrusion 110a. In this embodiment, the protrusion 110a and the first connection portion 110b are configured as central conductors bent into an approximately L-shape.
２つの第２接続部１１１ａ，１１１ｂは、それぞれ、ｘ方向に延在するとともに、突出部１１０ａ及び第１接続部１１０ｂと短辺壁部１０２とを電気的に接続する円柱状の導体である。本実施形態においては、第２接続部１１１ａが短辺壁部１０２ａと接続され、第２接続部１１１ｂが短辺壁部１０２ｂと接続される。なお、２つの第２接続部１１１ａ，１１１ｂの接続位置は、求める特性に応じた計算に基づく突出部１１０ａまたは第１接続部１１０ｂ上の位置に決定される。 The two second connection parts 111a, 111b are cylindrical conductors that extend in the x direction and electrically connect the protrusion 110a and the first connection part 110b to the short side wall part 102. In this embodiment, the second connection part 111a is connected to the short side wall part 102a, and the second connection part 111b is connected to the short side wall part 102b. The connection positions of the two second connection parts 111a, 111b are determined to be positions on the protrusion part 110a or the first connection part 110b based on calculations according to the desired characteristics.
このような同軸導波管変換器１によれば、ループアンテナ構造における電界分布の集中を２つの第２接続部１１１ａ，１１１ｂ上に分散することができ、これによってループアンテナと比較して耐電力性をより向上させることができる。 With this type of coaxial waveguide converter 1, the concentration of the electric field distribution in the loop antenna structure can be distributed over the two second connection parts 111a and 111b, thereby improving the power resistance compared to a loop antenna.
＜第２の実施形態＞
第２の実施形態に係る同軸導波管変換器について説明する。図３、図４は、それぞれ、第２の実施形態に係る同軸導波管変換器の構成を示す斜視図、側面図である。
Second Embodiment
A coaxial-waveguide converter according to a second embodiment will now be described. Figures 3 and 4 are a perspective view and a side view, respectively, showing the configuration of a coaxial-waveguide converter according to the second embodiment.
図３及び図４に示すように、本実施形態に係る同軸導波管変換器２は、プローブ１１に代えてプローブ２１を備える点が第１の実施形態とは異なる。プローブ２１は、突出部２１０と、第１接続部２１１と、第２接続部２１２とを有する。 As shown in Figures 3 and 4, the coaxial waveguide converter 2 according to this embodiment differs from the first embodiment in that it includes a probe 21 instead of the probe 11. The probe 21 has a protrusion 210, a first connection portion 211, and a second connection portion 212.
突出部２１０は、基端壁部１０３に形成された孔１０３１から方形導波管１０内部に挿入され、伝送方向に延在する同軸ケーブルの中心導体である。第１接続部２１１は、ｚ方向に延在し、長辺壁部１０１の一方、本実施形態においては長辺壁部１０１ｂと突出部２１０とを電気的に接続する導体である。 The protrusion 210 is inserted into the rectangular waveguide 10 through a hole 1031 formed in the base end wall 103, and is the central conductor of the coaxial cable extending in the transmission direction. The first connection portion 211 is a conductor that extends in the z direction and electrically connects one of the long side walls 101, in this embodiment, the long side wall 101b, to the protrusion 210.
第２接続部２１２は、ｘ方向に延在するとともに、突出部２１０または第１接続部２１１と短辺壁部１０２ａ，１０２ｂとを電気的に接続する角柱上の導体である。第２接続部２１２は、短辺壁部１０２ａと短辺壁部１０２ｂとを接続するように設けられ、突出部２１０は、第２接続部２１２を介して第１接続部２１１と接続される。 The second connection portion 212 is a prism-shaped conductor that extends in the x-direction and electrically connects the protrusion portion 210 or the first connection portion 211 to the short side wall portions 102a and 102b. The second connection portion 212 is provided to connect the short side wall portion 102a to the short side wall portion 102b, and the protrusion portion 210 is connected to the first connection portion 211 via the second connection portion 212.
このように、第２接続部２１２を角柱状に形成した同軸導波管変換器２によっても、第１の実施形態に係る同軸導波管変換器１と同様の効果を得ることができる。 In this way, the coaxial-waveguide converter 2 in which the second connection portion 212 is formed in a prismatic shape can achieve the same effects as the coaxial-waveguide converter 1 according to the first embodiment.
＜第３の実施形態＞
第３の実施形態に係る同軸導波管変換器について説明する。図５、図６は、それぞれ、本実施形態に係る同軸導波管変換器の構成を示す斜視図、側面図である。図７、図８は、それぞれ、第１、第３の実施形態に係る同軸導波管変換器の反射特性を示す図である。
Third Embodiment
A coaxial-waveguide converter according to a third embodiment will now be described. Figures 5 and 6 are a perspective view and a side view, respectively, showing the configuration of the coaxial-waveguide converter according to this embodiment. Figures 7 and 8 are diagrams showing the reflection characteristics of the coaxial-waveguide converters according to the first and third embodiments, respectively.
図５、図６に示すように、本実施形態に係る同軸導波管変換器３は、プローブ２１に代えて、プローブ３１を備える点において第２の実施形態とは異なる。プローブ３１は、第１接続部２１１に代えて、第１接続部３１１を備える点においてプローブ２１とは異なる。 As shown in Figures 5 and 6, the coaxial waveguide converter 3 according to this embodiment differs from the second embodiment in that it includes a probe 31 instead of the probe 21. The probe 31 differs from the probe 21 in that it includes a first connection portion 311 instead of the first connection portion 211.
第１接続部３１１は、第１接続部２１１と同様に、第２接続部２１２を介して突出部２１０と接続されるとともに、長辺壁部１０１ｂと接続される全体として厚みのある板状に形成された導体である。第１接続部３１１は、伝送方向（ｙ方向）の開口部１０４側において傾斜部３１１１が形成され、側方（ｘ方向）から見て１辺が傾斜する略台形状に形成される。傾斜部３１１１は、ｚ方向における長辺壁部１０１ｂ側に向かって伝送方向の開口部１０４側に傾斜するように形成される。 The first connection portion 311, like the first connection portion 211, is connected to the protrusion portion 210 via the second connection portion 212, and is a conductor formed in a thick plate shape as a whole that is connected to the long side wall portion 101b. The first connection portion 311 has an inclined portion 3111 formed on the opening 104 side in the transmission direction (y direction) and is formed into a substantially trapezoidal shape with one side inclined when viewed from the side (x direction). The inclined portion 3111 is formed so as to incline toward the opening 104 side in the transmission direction toward the long side wall portion 101b side in the z direction.
このような傾斜部３１１１を有する第１接続部３１１によれば、図７に示す第１の実施形態に係る同軸導波管変換器１の反射特性と比較して、図８に示すように帯域を広くすることができ、反射特性を向上させることができる。 The first connection portion 311 having such an inclined portion 3111 can widen the band as shown in FIG. 8 and improve the reflection characteristics compared to the reflection characteristics of the coaxial waveguide converter 1 according to the first embodiment shown in FIG. 7.
＜第４の実施形態＞
第４の実施形態に係る同軸導波管変換器について説明する。図９は、本実施形態に係る同軸導波管変換器の構成を示す斜視図である。図１０は、本実施形態に係る同軸導波管変換器の反射特性を示す図である。
Fourth Embodiment
A coaxial-waveguide converter according to a fourth embodiment will be described. Fig. 9 is a perspective view showing the configuration of the coaxial-waveguide converter according to this embodiment. Fig. 10 is a diagram showing the reflection characteristics of the coaxial-waveguide converter according to this embodiment.
図９に示すように、本実施形態に係る同軸導波管変換器４は、プローブ１１に代えて、プローブ４１を備える点において第１の実施形態とは異なる。プローブ４１は、短辺壁部１０２ａと接続される第２接続部１１１ａを有さない点においてプローブ１１とは異なる。 As shown in FIG. 9, the coaxial waveguide converter 4 according to this embodiment differs from the first embodiment in that it includes a probe 41 instead of the probe 11. The probe 41 differs from the probe 11 in that it does not have a second connection portion 111a that is connected to the short side wall portion 102a.
このように、一方の第２接続部１１１ｂのみを有するプローブ４１を備える同軸導波管変換器４によっても、図１０に示すように、第１の実施形態に係る同軸導波管変換器１と同様な反射特性を達成することができる。 In this way, even with a coaxial-waveguide converter 4 having a probe 41 with only one second connection portion 111b, it is possible to achieve reflection characteristics similar to those of the coaxial-waveguide converter 1 according to the first embodiment, as shown in FIG. 10.
＜第５の実施形態＞
第５の実施形態に係る同軸導波管変換器について説明する。図１１は、実施形態に係る同軸導波管変換器の構成を示す斜視図である。図１２は、本実施形態に係る同軸導波管変換器の反射特性を示す図である。
Fifth embodiment
A coaxial-waveguide converter according to a fifth embodiment will be described. Fig. 11 is a perspective view showing the configuration of the coaxial-waveguide converter according to the embodiment. Fig. 12 is a diagram showing the reflection characteristics of the coaxial-waveguide converter according to the present embodiment.
図１１に示すように、本実施形態に係る同軸導波管変換器５は、プローブ１１に代えて、プローブ５１を備える点において第１の実施形態とは異なる。プローブ５１は、短辺壁部１０２ａと接続される第２接続部１１１ａに代えて、ｘ方向における短辺壁部１０２ａ側へ突出するように且つ短辺壁部１０２ａに接続されないように延在する延在部５１１ａを有する点においてプローブ１１とは異なる。 As shown in FIG. 11, the coaxial waveguide converter 5 according to this embodiment differs from the first embodiment in that it includes a probe 51 instead of the probe 11. The probe 51 differs from the probe 11 in that it includes an extension portion 511a that protrudes toward the short side wall portion 102a in the x direction and extends so as not to be connected to the short side wall portion 102a, instead of the second connection portion 111a that is connected to the short side wall portion 102a.
このように、一方に短辺壁部１０２ｂと接続する第２接続部１１１ｂを有し、他方に短辺壁部１０２ａと接続しない延在部５１１ａを有するプローブ５１を備える同軸導波管変換器５によっても、図１２に示すように、第１の実施形態に係る同軸導波管変換器１と同様な反射特性を達成することができる。 In this way, even with a coaxial waveguide converter 5 having a probe 51 with a second connection portion 111b that connects to the short side wall portion 102b on one side and an extension portion 511a that does not connect to the short side wall portion 102a on the other side, it is possible to achieve reflection characteristics similar to those of the coaxial waveguide converter 1 according to the first embodiment, as shown in FIG. 12.
本発明の実施形態は、例として提示したものであり、発明の範囲を限定することは意図していない。この新規な実施形態は、その他の様々な形態で実施されることが可能であり、発明の要旨を逸脱しない範囲で、種々の省略、置き換え、変更を行うことができる。これら実施形態やその変形は、発明の範囲や要旨に含まれるとともに、特許請求の範囲に記載された発明とその均等の範囲に含まれる。 The embodiments of the present invention are presented as examples and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. This novel embodiment can be embodied in various other forms, and various omissions, substitutions, and modifications can be made without departing from the gist of the invention. These embodiments and their modifications are included within the scope and gist of the invention, as well as within the scope of the invention and its equivalents as set forth in the claims.
１ 同軸導波管変換器
１０ 方形導波管
１０１ａ，１０１ｂ 短辺壁部
１０２ａ，１０２ｂ 長辺壁部
１１ プローブ
１１０ａ 突出部
１１０ｂ 第１接続部
１１１ａ，１１１ｂ 第２接続部
1 Coaxial-waveguide converter 10 Rectangular waveguide 101a, 101b Short side wall portion 102a, 102b Long side wall portion 11 Probe 110a Protruding portion 110b First connecting portion 111a, 111b Second connecting portion
Claims (2)
前記高周波電力の伝送方向に平行して相対向する２つの短辺壁部と、該２つの短辺壁部に直交して相対向するとともに前記２つの短辺壁部より大きい幅に形成された２つの長辺壁部と、前記伝送方向の一方側を閉塞する閉塞壁部とを有して方形状の内部空間を画成するとともに、前記伝送方向の他方側において開口部が形成された方形導波管と、
前記閉塞壁部において前記方形導波管の外部から前記内部空間に突出するように前記伝送方向に延在する導体である突出部と、
前記２つの長辺壁部の対向方向に延在するとともに前記突出部と一方の長辺壁部とを接続する導体である第１接続部と、
前記２つの短辺壁部の対向方向に延在するとともに前記突出部または前記第１接続部と前記２つの短辺壁部の少なくとも一方とを接続し、前記第１接続部が接続されている長辺壁部から離間する導体である第２接続部と
を備える同軸導波管変換器。 A coaxial-waveguide converter that converts a transmission path of high frequency power,
a rectangular waveguide having two short side wall portions facing each other in a transmission direction of the high frequency power , two long side wall portions facing each other perpendicularly to the two short side wall portions and formed with a width larger than that of the two short side wall portions, and a blocking wall portion blocking one side in the transmission direction, thereby defining a rectangular internal space, and having an opening formed on the other side in the transmission direction;
a protruding portion which is a conductor and extends in the transmission direction so as to protrude from the outside of the rectangular waveguide into the internal space at the closing wall portion;
a first connection portion which is a conductor extending in a direction in which the two long side wall portions face each other and which connects the protrusion portion and one of the long side wall portions;
a second connection portion which is a conductor extending in the opposing direction of the two short side wall portions , connecting the protrusion or the first connection portion to at least one of the two short side wall portions, and spaced apart from the long side wall portion to which the first connection portion is connected .
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Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2012101699A1 (en) | 2011-01-25 | 2012-08-02 | 日本電気株式会社 | Coaxial waveguide tube converter, and ridge waveguide tube |
| WO2018016071A1 (en) | 2016-07-22 | 2018-01-25 | 三菱電機株式会社 | Coaxial line-waveguide converter |
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Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2012101699A1 (en) | 2011-01-25 | 2012-08-02 | 日本電気株式会社 | Coaxial waveguide tube converter, and ridge waveguide tube |
| WO2018016071A1 (en) | 2016-07-22 | 2018-01-25 | 三菱電機株式会社 | Coaxial line-waveguide converter |
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