JP7503536B2 - 正極活物質、およびこれを用いた非水電解質二次電池 - Google Patents
正極活物質、およびこれを用いた非水電解質二次電池 Download PDFInfo
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- JP7503536B2 JP7503536B2 JP2021206372A JP2021206372A JP7503536B2 JP 7503536 B2 JP7503536 B2 JP 7503536B2 JP 2021206372 A JP2021206372 A JP 2021206372A JP 2021206372 A JP2021206372 A JP 2021206372A JP 7503536 B2 JP7503536 B2 JP 7503536B2
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- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
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- SBLRHMKNNHXPHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-fluoro-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound FC1COC(=O)O1 SBLRHMKNNHXPHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910006817 Li1+xNiyCozMn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 229910012457 LiNi0.55Co0.20Mn0.25O2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G53/00—Compounds of nickel
- C01G53/40—Nickelates
- C01G53/42—Nickelates containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2
- C01G53/44—Nickelates containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2 containing manganese
- C01G53/50—Nickelates containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2 containing manganese of the type [MnO2]n-, e.g. Li(NixMn1-x)O2, Li(MyNixMn1-x-y)O2
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- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
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- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M4/131—Electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
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- H01M4/50—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
- H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
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- H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
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- H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
- H01M2004/028—Positive electrodes
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- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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Description
Li1+xNiyCozMn(1-y-z)MαO2-βQβ (I)
第1リチウム複合酸化物粒子として、平均平均径(D50)が3.9μm、BET比表面積が0.60m2/gの単粒子状のLiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2を用意した。第2リチウム複合酸化物粒子として平均一次粒子径1.8μm、平均粒子径(D50)が16.5μm、BET比表面積が0.20m2/g、空隙率が1.1%の二次粒子状のLiNi0.55Co0.20Mn0.25O2を用意した。なお、平均一次粒子径、平均粒子径(D50)、BET比表面積、および空隙率は、後述の方法で測定した。
表1に示す平均一次粒子径、および空隙率を有する第2リチウム複合酸化物粒子を用いた以外は、実施例1と同様の方法で、評価用リチウムイオン二次電池を作製した。なお、第2リチウム複合酸化物粒子の空隙率は、第2リチウム複合酸化物粒子の製造時における前駆体水酸化物(すなわち、Ni0.55Co0.20Mn0.25(OH)2)の合成条件(具体的には、反応液のpHと撹拌速度)を変更することによって調整した。
市販のレーザ回折・散乱式粒度分布測定装置を用いて、第1および第2リチウム複合酸化物粒子の体積基準の粒度分布を測定し、粒径が小さい微粒子側からの累積頻度50体積%に相当する粒径を、第1および第2リチウム複合酸化物粒子の平均粒子径(D50)として求めた。
クロスセクションポリッシャー加工によって第2リチウム複合酸化物粒子の断面観察用試料を作製した。SEMを用いてこの試料のSEM画像を取得した。画像解析式粒度分布測定ソフトウェア「Mac-View」を用いて、任意に選択した50個以上の一次粒子の長径をそれぞれ求めた。その平均値を算出して、これを第2リチウム複合酸化物粒子の平均一次粒子径(d2)として採用した。
市販の比表面積測定装置(「Macsorb Model-1208」(マウンテック社製)を用い、窒素吸着法によって、第1および第2リチウム複合酸化物粒子のBET比表面積を測定した。
クロスセクションポリッシャー加工によって第2リチウム複合酸化物粒子の断面観察用試料を作製し、走査型電子顕微鏡(SEM)を用いてそのSEM画像を取得した。SEM画像より、二次粒子全体の面積と、二次粒子内部の全空隙の合計面積とを求めた。(全空隙の合計面積/二次粒子全体の面積)×100より、空隙率(%)を算出した。
初期充電として、各評価用リチウムイオン二次電池を25℃の温度環境下で、0.2mA/cm2の電流密度で4.25Vまで定電流充電し、その後、電流密度が0.04mA/cm2になるまで4.25Vの電圧で定電圧充電した。各評価用リチウムイオン二次電池を、10分休止後、0.2mA/cm2の電流密度で3.0Vまで定電流放電した。
初期充電として、各評価用リチウムイオン二次電池を25℃の温度環境下で、0.2mA/cm2の電流密度で4.25Vまで定電流充電し、その後、電流密度が0.04mA/cm2になるまで4.25Vの電圧で定電圧充電した。このときの充電容量を求めた。
30 電池ケース
36 安全弁
42 正極端子
42a 正極集電板
44 負極端子
44a 負極集電板
50 正極シート(正極)
52 正極集電体
52a 正極活物質層非形成部分
54 正極活物質層
60 負極シート(負極)
62 負極集電体
62a 負極活物質層非形成部分
64 負極活物質層
70 セパレータシート(セパレータ)
80 非水電解質
100 リチウムイオン二次電池
Claims (7)
- 単粒子状の第1リチウム複合酸化物粒子と、
二次粒子状の第2リチウム複合酸化物粒子と、
を含有する正極活物質であって、
前記第2リチウム複合酸化物粒子の平均粒子径(D50)が、前記第1リチウム複合酸化物粒子の平均粒子径(D50)よりも大きく、
前記第1リチウム複合酸化物粒子の平均粒子径(D50)が、2μm~6μmであり、
前記第2リチウム複合酸化物粒子の平均一次粒子径が、0.05μm~2.5μmであり、
前記第2リチウム複合酸化物粒子の平均粒子径(D50)が、14.5μm~18μmであり、
前記第2リチウム複合酸化物粒子の空隙量が、0.9%~4.0%である、正極活物質。 - 前記第2リチウム複合酸化物粒子の平均一次粒子径が、1.7μm~2.2μmである、請求項1に記載の正極活物質。
- 前記第1リチウム複合酸化物粒子の平均粒子径(D50)が、3μm~5μmである、請求項1または2に記載の正極活物質。
- 前記第1リチウム複合酸化物粒子および前記第2リチウム複合酸化物粒子がそれぞれ、Niを含有し、かつ層状構造を有するリチウム複合酸化物の粒子である、請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の正極活物質。
- 前記第1リチウム複合酸化物粒子および前記第2リチウム複合酸化物粒子が、それぞれリチウムニッケルコバルトマンガン系複合酸化物の粒子である、請求項4に記載の正極活物質。
- 前記リチウムニッケルコバルトマンガン系複合酸化物におけるリチウム以外の金属元素の合計に対するニッケルの含有量が、50モル%以上である、請求項5に記載の正極活物質。
- 正極と、
負極と、
非水電解質と、を備える非水電解質二次電池であって、
前記正極が、請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載の正極活物質を含む、
非水電解質二次電池。
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