JP7558833B2 - Reinforcement structure of masonry wall and reinforcement method of masonry wall - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a reinforcement structure for masonry walls and a method for reinforcing masonry walls.

Patent Document 1 discloses a method for reinforcing masonry walls and technology related to masonry structures.

Patent Document 2 discloses technology relating to a structure suitable for reinforcing masonry buildings that are primarily constructed of bricks, blocks, etc.

Patent Document 3 discloses technology relating to a reinforcement structure and a reinforcement method for masonry structures formed by assembling bricks, concrete blocks, stones, etc.

Patent Document 4 discloses a technique for reinforcing masonry structures, such as brick walls, by installing PC steel bars or the like to reinforce existing masonry structures and reinforcing structures.

JP 2010-281033 A JP 2020-084429 A JP 2018-178646 A JP 2019-085756 A

If you want to apply compressive force as evenly as possible to a masonry wall using multiple tendons, it is desirable to anchor the lower ends of the tendons to the foundation of the masonry wall's reinforced concrete structure.

However, in masonry walls where the foundation is not yet constructed, it is not possible to fix the bottom end of the tendon to the foundation. Or, even if the foundation is constructed, it is necessary to drill a horizontal hole in the foundation, which makes construction very difficult.

In view of the above, the present invention aims to generate uniform or approximately uniform compressive forces in a masonry wall without anchoring the lower end of the tendon to the base of the wall.

The first aspect is a reinforcement structure for a masonry wall, comprising: steel pipes inserted into a plurality of horizontal holes formed in the wall thickness direction from the wall surface of the leg of the masonry wall; horizontal members arranged along the wall surface of the leg, to which the plurality of steel pipes are joined and which are fixed to the wall surface of the leg with fixing members; and tension members inserted into the steel pipes from the top of the masonry wall, with anchoring members at the lower ends fixed to the filling material filled in the steel pipes and with the upper ends fixed to the lateral beams at the top in a state of tension.

In the first embodiment of the reinforcement structure for a masonry wall, a compressive force acts between the top and base of the masonry wall due to the tension applied to the tendons. This compressive force is transmitted from the steel pipe to the cross member, and from the cross member to the bottom of the base through the fixing member, acting evenly or approximately evenly on the masonry wall. Therefore, evenly or approximately evenly compressive force is generated on the masonry wall without the lower end of the tendon being fixed to the base of the masonry wall. This improves the joint shear strength and suppresses in-plane and out-of-plane deformation of the masonry wall during an earthquake.

The second aspect is a reinforcement structure for a masonry wall according to the first aspect, in which the cross members are steel members or reinforced concrete structures installed inside or outside the building of the masonry wall, and the fixing members are anchors.

The second type of masonry wall reinforcement structure uses steel or reinforced concrete as the cross members, which means they can be fixed to the base of the masonry wall with anchors without using special materials. In addition, if the cross members are installed inside the building, the design of the building's exterior wall when viewed from outside is not compromised.

The third aspect is a method for reinforcing masonry walls, comprising the steps of drilling a vertical hole from the top of a masonry wall toward the base and drilling a horizontal hole from the wall surface of the base of the masonry wall in the wall thickness direction to communicate with the vertical hole, or drilling a horizontal hole from the wall surface of the base of the masonry wall in the wall thickness direction and drilling a vertical hole from the top of the masonry wall that communicates with the horizontal hole, inserting a steel pipe with an opening formed in its peripheral wall into the horizontal hole and aligning the vertical hole with the opening, inserting a tension material into the vertical hole from the top, fixing the tip of the tension material into the steel pipe through the opening with a fixing member, and then filling the steel pipe with a filler, providing a horizontal member along the wall surface of the base, joining the steel pipe to the horizontal member and fixing the horizontal member to the wall surface of the base with a fixing member, and applying tension to the tension material and fixing it to a lateral beam provided at the top.

In the third aspect of the method for reinforcing a masonry wall, a compressive force acts between the top and base of the masonry wall due to the tension applied to the tendons. This compressive force is transmitted from the steel pipe to the cross member, and from the cross member to the bottom of the base through the fixing member, acting evenly or approximately evenly on the masonry wall. Therefore, evenly or approximately evenly compressive force is generated on the masonry wall without fixing the lower end of the tendon to the base of the masonry wall. This improves the joint shear strength and suppresses in-plane and out-of-plane deformation of the masonry wall during an earthquake.

According to the present invention, compressive forces can be generated evenly or approximately evenly in a masonry wall without anchoring the lower end of the tendon to the base of the masonry wall.

1 is a front view of a brick wall that has been earthquake-resistant reinforced by applying a reinforcement structure according to an embodiment of the present invention. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 2-2 of FIG. 1. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 3-3 in FIG. 2. This is a cross-sectional view along the Y direction of a brick wall before reinforcement, with vertical and horizontal holes drilled in the wall. FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view taken along the Y direction of the state in which a steel pipe and a spiral reinforcement are inserted into the horizontal hole of the brick wall of FIG. 4 . 6 is a cross-sectional view taken along the Y direction of the state in which a PC steel rod is inserted into the vertical hole of the brick wall of FIG. 5 . FIG. FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view corresponding to FIG. 2 of a brick wall earthquake-resistant reinforced with a modified reinforcing structure. FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view corresponding to FIG. 3 of a brick wall earthquake-resistant reinforced with a modified reinforcing structure.

<Embodiment>
The present invention relates to a masonry wall reinforcement structure, and an embodiment of the present invention relates to a masonry brick wall reinforced against earthquakes. The two directions perpendicular to the horizontal direction are the X direction and the Y direction, and are indicated by the arrows X and Y, respectively. The vertical direction perpendicular to the X direction and the Y direction is the Z direction, and is indicated by the arrow Z.

The brick wall 100 shown in Figures 1 to 3 constitutes the exterior wall of a masonry structure such as an existing brick building. Note that columns, beams, slabs, etc., which are not shown, may be joined to the brick wall 100.

The brick wall 100 is constructed by stacking bricks 10, which are an example of masonry materials. The bricks 10 are rectangular building materials made by putting clay, shale, and mud into a mold and baking or compressing them in a kiln. Although not shown, joints are formed between the bricks 10 in the brick wall 100.

The Z direction is the stacking direction of the bricks 10, and the Y direction is the out-of-plane direction of the brick wall 100, which is the wall thickness direction of the brick wall 100. The X direction in this embodiment is the left-right direction of the brick wall 100 when viewed from the front in the out-of-plane direction.

Note that one wall surface 100A of the brick wall 100 shown in Figures 2 and 3 faces the indoor side, and the other wall surface 100B faces the outdoor side.

Although not shown, multiple stones are buried in the ground G. The lower end 112 of the leg 110 of the brick wall 100 is placed on a stone, not shown, and the load is transmitted to the ground G via the stone.

As shown in FIG. 1, a reinforced concrete girders 50 are provided along almost the entire left-right area of the central portion of the top 120 of the brick wall 100 in the out-of-plane direction (direction of arrow Y) (see also FIGS. 4 to 6).

The brick wall 100 is seismically reinforced by applying the reinforcing structure 102 as described above. The reinforcing structure 102 is composed of a steel pipe 200, a channel steel 300 as an example of a fixing member, and a PC steel bar 150 as an example of a tension member.

As shown in FIG. 1, the brick wall 100 has a vertical hole 160 and a horizontal hole 170 that is connected to the tip of the vertical hole 160 (see also FIG. 2). The vertical holes 160 and horizontal holes 170 are formed in multiple locations spaced apart in the left-right direction (X direction).

As shown in Figures 1 and 2, the vertical holes 160 are formed by drilling downward from the girders 50 provided on the top 120 of the brick wall 100 (see also Figures 4 to 6). The horizontal holes 170 are formed by drilling in the wall thickness direction from the indoor wall surface 100A of the leg 110 of the brick wall 100. In this embodiment, the horizontal holes 170 are formed in the part of the leg 110 that is above the ground G. Steel pipes 200 are inserted into each of the horizontal holes 170.

As shown in FIG. 2, a peripheral wall 201 of the steel pipe 200 has an insertion hole 202 as an example of an opening through which the PC steel rod 150 is inserted at a position corresponding to the vertical hole 160. The steel pipe 200 is filled with a filler material M such as non-shrink mortar and solidified. In addition, a spiral reinforcement 220 wound in a spiral shape as an example of a reinforcing bar is inserted into the steel pipe 200 and embedded in the filler material M.

As shown in FIG. 1, a PC steel rod 150 having male threads formed at the upper end 152 and the lower end 154 is inserted into the vertical hole 160 (see also FIG. 6). Note that dots representing the filler material M are not shown in FIG. 1 to avoid cluttering the illustration.

As shown in FIG. 2, the lower end 154 of the PC steel bar 150 passes through the insertion hole 202 of the steel pipe 200 and is inserted into the steel pipe 200. An anchoring plate 140, an example of an anchoring member, is attached to the lower end 154 of the PC steel bar 150 and is clamped and fastened by nuts 142 at the top and bottom (see also FIG. 6). The anchoring plate 140 of the PC steel bar 150 is then embedded in and fixed to the filler material M.

As shown in FIG. 1, the upper end 152 of the PC steel bar 150 is fixed to the girders 50 by nuts 156 while tension is applied.

As shown in Figures 1 to 3, a channel steel 300, which is an example of a cross member, is provided on the wall surface 100A of the leg 110 of the brick wall 100. The channel steel 300 is installed with its longitudinal direction facing left-right (see Figure 1) and with its opening side facing outward (towards the interior) (see Figures 2 and 3).

Also, as shown in Figures 1 and 2, the web 310 of the channel steel 300 has multiple steel pipe holes 312 formed at positions corresponding to the steel pipes 200.

As shown in FIG. 2, the end 210 of the steel pipe 200 is inserted into the steel pipe hole 312 in the web 310 of the channel steel 300 and welded together (see also FIG. 1). The symbol N in the figure indicates the welded portion.

As shown in FIG. 3, the channel steel 300 is fixed to the leg 110 of the brick wall 100 by a post-installed anchor 130, which is an example of a fixing member (see also FIG. 1).

(Construction method)
Next, an example of a construction method for earthquake-resistance reinforcement of an existing brick wall 100 will be described.

As shown in FIG. 4, a vertical hole 160 and a horizontal hole 170 are drilled. Either the vertical hole 160 or the horizontal hole 170 may be drilled first. Specifically, the vertical hole 160 is drilled from the girders 50 of the top 120 of the brick wall 100 toward the leg 110, and a horizontal hole 170 is drilled from the wall surface 100A of the leg 110 in the wall thickness direction to communicate with the vertical hole 160. Alternatively, a horizontal hole 170 is drilled from the wall surface 100A of the leg 110 of the brick wall 100 in the wall thickness direction, and a vertical hole 160 that communicates with the horizontal hole 170 is drilled from the top 120.

In this embodiment, a vertical hole 160 is first drilled from the lateral beam 50 of the top 120 of the brick wall 100 toward the leg 110, and then a horizontal hole 170 is drilled in the wall thickness direction from the wall surface 100A of the leg 110 in accordance with the position of the vertical hole 160 to communicate with the vertical hole 160.

As shown in FIG. 5, the steel pipe 200 is then inserted into the horizontal hole 170, and the insertion hole 202 is aligned with the vertical hole 160. The spiral reinforcement 220 is then inserted into the steel pipe 200.

As shown in FIG. 6, the PC steel rod 150 is inserted from the upper opening of the vertical hole 160, and the anchor plate 140 is attached to the lower end 154.

As shown in FIG. 1, a steel pipe hole 312 is formed in the web 310 of the channel steel 300 to match the position of the horizontal hole 170, in other words, the steel pipe 200 (see also FIG. 2). Then, as shown in FIG. 2, the end 210 of the steel pipe 200 is inserted into the steel pipe hole 312 in the web 310 of the channel steel 300 and welded to form an integrated structure, and as shown in FIG. 3, the structure is fixed to the leg 110 of the brick wall 100 by a post-installed anchor 130.

As shown in Figure 2, the steel pipe 200 is filled with the filler M, and when the filler M has sufficiently solidified to obtain the desired strength and the anchor plate 140 is fixed, tension is applied to the PC steel rod 150 as shown in Figure 1, and the upper end 152 is fixed to the girders 50 with nuts 156.

<Action and Effects>
Next, the operation and effects of this embodiment will be described.

The tension applied to the PC steel bar 150 causes a compressive force to act between the top 120 and the leg 110 of the brick wall 100. This compressive force is transmitted from the steel pipe 200 to the channel steel 300, and from the channel steel 300 through the post-installed anchor 130 to the lower part of the leg 110, acting evenly or approximately evenly on the entire brick wall 100.

From another perspective, the tension applied to the PC steel bar 150 generates a compressive force evenly or approximately evenly throughout the brick wall 100 through the lateral beam 50 at the top 120 and the channel steel 300 fixed to the leg 110 with post-installed anchors 130.

Therefore, even in a brick wall 100 without a foundation, compressive forces are generated evenly or approximately evenly in the left-right direction (X direction) of the brick wall 100. This improves the joint shear force and suppresses in-plane and out-of-plane deformation of the brick wall 100 during an earthquake.

The position of the horizontal hole 170 changes depending on the vertical accuracy of the drilling of the vertical hole 160, but the steel pipe hole 312 is formed in the web 310 of the channel steel 300 to match the position of the horizontal hole 170, in other words, the steel pipe 200, so construction errors can be absorbed.

In addition, by drilling the horizontal holes 170 from the indoor wall surface 100A and fixing the channel steel 300 to the wall surface 100A, the design of the outdoor wall surface 100B of the brick wall 100 is not compromised.

In addition, if the building with the brick wall 100 has high historical value, this is preferable because it will not damage the exterior wall surface 100B of the brick wall 100.

Furthermore, if a building equipped with brick walls 100 has high historical value, there are often historical sites in the ground G, but this reinforcement structure 102 is suitable because it can reinforce the brick walls 100 against earthquakes without excavating the ground G.

<Modification>
Next, a modified reinforcing structure 105 will be described.

As shown in Figures 7 and 8, a rectangular concrete member 400, which is an example of a cross member, is provided on the wall surface 100A of the leg 110 of the brick wall 100. The concrete member 400 is installed with its longitudinal direction aligned in the left-right direction. Reinforcing bars (not shown) are arranged inside the concrete member 400.

As shown in FIG. 7, the portion of the steel pipe 200 that protrudes from the wall surface 100A is embedded and integrated into the concrete frame 400.

As shown in FIG. 8, the concrete frame 400 is fixed to the leg 110 of the brick wall 100 by a post-installed anchor 130, which is an example of a fixing member.

In this modified example, the tension applied to the PC steel rod 150 also causes a compressive force to act between the top 120 and the leg 110 of the brick wall 100. This compressive force is transmitted from the steel pipe 200 to the concrete frame 400, and from the concrete frame 400 through the post-installed anchor 130 to the lower part of the leg 110, acting evenly or approximately evenly on the entire brick wall 100.

From another perspective, the tension applied to the PC steel bar 150 generates a compressive force that is approximately uniform throughout the brick wall 100 by the lateral beam 50 at the top 120 and the concrete frame 400 fixed to the leg 110 with post-installed anchors 130.

＜Other＞
The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment and modifications.

For example, in the above embodiment and modified example, the vertical hole 160 is drilled and then the steel pipe 200 is inserted into the horizontal hole 170, but this is not limited to the above. The vertical hole 160 may be drilled after the steel pipe 200 is inserted into the horizontal hole 170. In this case, the vertical hole 160 may be drilled to match the position of an opening previously formed in the peripheral wall 201 of the steel pipe 200, or an opening may be formed in the peripheral wall 201 of the steel pipe 200 when drilling the vertical hole 160.

In addition, in the above embodiment and modified example, the vertical hole 160 is not filled with a filler such as non-shrink mortar. However, the vertical hole 160 may be filled with a filler such as non-shrink mortar. Also, an insertion tube such as a sheath tube may be inserted into the vertical hole 160, and the insertion tube may be filled with a filler.

For example, in the above embodiment and modified example, the brick wall 100 does not have a foundation, but this is not limited to the above. The present invention is also applicable to a brick wall 100 with a foundation. If the legs 110 are buried in the ground G, the ground G may be excavated and the channel steel 300 or concrete frame 400 may be fixed with post-installed anchors 130.

For example, in the above embodiment and modified example, the channel steel 300 or the concrete frame 400 is fixed to the indoor wall surface 100A of the brick wall 100 with the post-installed anchor 130, but this is not limited to the above. The channel steel 300 or the concrete frame 400 may be fixed to the outdoor wall surface 100B of the brick wall 100 with the post-installed anchor 130.

For example, in the above embodiment and modified example, the channel steel 300 or the concrete frame 400 is fixed to the leg 110 of the brick wall 100 exposed from the ground G with the post-installed anchor 130, but this is not limited to the above. If the leg 110 of the brick wall 100 is buried in the ground G, the ground G may be excavated and the channel steel 300 or the concrete frame 400 may be fixed with the post-installed anchor 130.

In addition, cross members such as channel steel 300 or concrete beams 400 may be fixed with anchors other than the post-installed anchors 130, or may be fixed with fixing members other than anchors.

In addition, for example, in the above embodiment and modified example, the multiple PC steel bars 150 are arranged in a row in a plan view, but this is not limited to the above. The multiple PC steel bars 150 may be arranged in rows spaced apart from each other in the wall thickness direction. In other words, the PC steel bars 150 may be arranged in multiple rows.

For example, in the above embodiment and modified example, PC steel rod 150 is used as the tension member, but this is not limited to this. PC steel material other than PC steel rod, for example PC steel wire, may be used. Alternatively, the tension member may be composed of rod-shaped or wire-shaped members other than these.

In addition, for example, the channel steel 300 is used as an example of the steel frame material in the above embodiment, but this is not limited to this. Steel frames other than the channel steel 300, such as H-shaped steel, I-shaped steel, steel pipes, flat bars, etc., may also be used.

In addition, for example, in the above embodiment and modified example, the circumferential beam 50 is already installed and made of concrete, but this is not limited to this. The circumferential beam 50 may be newly installed or may be made of a material other than concrete, such as a steel frame.

In addition, for example, in the above embodiment and modified example, earthquake-resistance reinforcement was performed without relocating the existing brick wall 100, but this is not limited to this. Earthquake-resistance reinforcement using the present invention may be performed when relocating the existing brick wall 100 to another location. Alternatively, the reinforcement structure of the present invention may be applied to a newly constructed brick wall 100.

In addition, for example, in the above embodiment and modified examples, the brick wall 100 of the masonry structure constitutes the exterior wall of the building, but this is not limited thereto, and it may also constitute the interior wall of the building.

In addition, in the above embodiment and modified examples, the masonry walls and masonry structures are constructed by stacking bricks 10, but this is not limited to this. They may also be constructed by stacking masonry materials other than bricks. Examples of masonry materials other than bricks that can be used include concrete blocks and stone.

Furthermore, the present invention may be implemented in various forms without departing from the spirit of the invention. Multiple embodiments and modifications may be implemented in combination as appropriate.

50 Beam 100 Brick wall (an example of a masonry wall)
100A Wall surface 100B Wall surface 102 Reinforcement structure 105 Reinforcement structure 110 Leg portion 120 Top portion 130 Post-installed anchor (an example of a fixing member, an example of an anchor)
140 Fixing plate (an example of a fixing member)
160 Vertical hole 170 Horizontal hole 200 Steel pipe 201 Peripheral wall 202 Insertion hole (an example of an opening)
300 Channel steel (an example of a cross member, an example of a steel frame)
400 Concrete beams (an example of a horizontal beam, an example of a reinforced concrete structure)
M Filler

Claims (3)

Steel pipes are inserted into a plurality of horizontal holes formed in a wall thickness direction from a wall surface of the base of the masonry wall;
A cross member provided along a wall surface of the leg portion, to which a plurality of the steel pipes are joined and which is fixed to the wall surface of the leg portion by a fixing member;
a tension member that is inserted into the steel pipe from the top of the masonry wall, and has an anchoring member at a lower end thereof anchored to the filling material filled in the steel pipe and has an upper end thereof fixed to a lateral beam at the top in a state where tension is applied;
Reinforcement structure of masonry wall equipped with The cross member is a steel frame material or a reinforced concrete structure provided inside or outside the masonry wall building,
The fixing member is an anchor.
The reinforcement structure for a masonry wall according to claim 1. A step of drilling a vertical hole from the top of the masonry wall toward the base and drilling a horizontal hole in the wall thickness direction from the wall surface of the base of the masonry wall to communicate with the vertical hole, or drilling a horizontal hole in the wall thickness direction from the wall surface of the base of the masonry wall and drilling a vertical hole from the top of the masonry wall that communicates with the horizontal hole;
a step of inserting a steel pipe having an opening formed in a peripheral wall into the horizontal hole and aligning the vertical hole with the opening;
a step of inserting a tendon into the vertical hole from the top and fixing a tip end of the tendon into the steel pipe through the opening with an anchoring member, and then filling the steel pipe with a filler;
A step of providing a cross member along a wall surface of the leg portion, joining the steel pipe to the cross member, and fixing the cross member to the wall surface of the leg portion with a fixing member;
A step of applying tension to the tendons and fixing them to a girders provided at the top portion;
A method of reinforcing masonry walls.