JP7556678B2 - Agent for stabilizing dissolution and dispersion of organic molybdenum compound in base oil, comprising acrylate copolymer, lubricating oil composition, and method for improving dissolution and dispersion stability of organic molybdenum compound in base oil - Google Patents
Agent for stabilizing dissolution and dispersion of organic molybdenum compound in base oil, comprising acrylate copolymer, lubricating oil composition, and method for improving dissolution and dispersion stability of organic molybdenum compound in base oil Download PDFInfo
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- JP7556678B2 JP7556678B2 JP2019132648A JP2019132648A JP7556678B2 JP 7556678 B2 JP7556678 B2 JP 7556678B2 JP 2019132648 A JP2019132648 A JP 2019132648A JP 2019132648 A JP2019132648 A JP 2019132648A JP 7556678 B2 JP7556678 B2 JP 7556678B2
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- JP
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- Prior art keywords
- acrylate
- constituent
- lubricating oil
- alkyl
- organic molybdenum
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- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 title claims description 93
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims description 73
- 239000005078 molybdenum compound Substances 0.000 title claims description 70
- 150000002752 molybdenum compounds Chemical class 0.000 title claims description 70
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 title claims description 68
- 239000002199 base oil Substances 0.000 title claims description 54
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 title claims description 50
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 title claims description 48
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 17
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 title claims description 10
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 title claims description 5
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 claims description 74
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims description 62
- 125000005250 alkyl acrylate group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 60
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 34
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 30
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical group [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 125000004434 sulfur atom Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M Methacrylate Chemical compound CC(=C)C([O-])=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000000379 polymerizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000001183 hydrocarbyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims 2
- -1 alkyl methacrylate Chemical compound 0.000 description 92
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 19
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 19
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 19
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 15
- 239000004519 grease Substances 0.000 description 14
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 13
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 13
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 12
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 11
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 10
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 description 10
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 8
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 7
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 7
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 7
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 7
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- DMBHHRLKUKUOEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenylamine Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1NC1=CC=CC=C1 DMBHHRLKUKUOEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 6
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 6
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 5
- 229940125904 compound 1 Drugs 0.000 description 5
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 125000002960 margaryl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 5
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 5
- 125000001421 myristyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 5
- FSAJWMJJORKPKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)C=C FSAJWMJJORKPKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 125000000913 palmityl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 5
- 125000002958 pentadecyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 5
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 5
- 125000004079 stearyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 5
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 125000001204 arachidyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 125000002704 decyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 4
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 4
- 150000005690 diesters Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 125000003438 dodecyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 4
- 238000010528 free radical solution polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 125000003187 heptyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 4
- 125000004051 hexyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 4
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 description 4
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- PBOSTUDLECTMNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N lauryl acrylate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)C=C PBOSTUDLECTMNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 235000010446 mineral oil Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 125000001196 nonadecyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 4
- 125000001400 nonyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 4
- 125000002347 octyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 4
- 125000001147 pentyl group Chemical group C(CCCC)* 0.000 description 4
- 229920013639 polyalphaolefin Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 230000001603 reducing effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 125000002889 tridecyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 4
- 125000002948 undecyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 4
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-nonene Chemical compound CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butanone Chemical compound CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XNWFRZJHXBZDAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-METHOXYETHANOL Chemical compound COCCO XNWFRZJHXBZDAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical class [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- JIGUQPWFLRLWPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acrylate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C=C JIGUQPWFLRLWPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical class [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000007983 Tris buffer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000010775 animal oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002518 antifoaming agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- CQEYYJKEWSMYFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl acrylate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C=C CQEYYJKEWSMYFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000003749 cleanliness Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000010779 crude oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000000113 cyclohexyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005227 gel permeation chromatography Methods 0.000 description 3
- FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCC(O)=O FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000010720 hydraulic oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000006078 metal deactivator Substances 0.000 description 3
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 description 3
- PNJWIWWMYCMZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N pent‐4‐en‐2‐one Natural products CC(=O)CC=C PNJWIWWMYCMZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920001083 polybutene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 3
- CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N sebacic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 3
- RMVRSNDYEFQCLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiophenol Chemical compound SC1=CC=CC=C1 RMVRSNDYEFQCLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- IKXFIBBKEARMLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenoxy(sulfanylidene)-$l^{5}-phosphane Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1OP(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)(=S)OC1=CC=CC=C1 IKXFIBBKEARMLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WMYJOZQKDZZHAC-UHFFFAOYSA-H trizinc;dioxido-sulfanylidene-sulfido-$l^{5}-phosphane Chemical compound [Zn+2].[Zn+2].[Zn+2].[O-]P([O-])([S-])=S.[O-]P([O-])([S-])=S WMYJOZQKDZZHAC-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 3
- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000008158 vegetable oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- JNYAEWCLZODPBN-JGWLITMVSA-N (2r,3r,4s)-2-[(1r)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]oxolane-3,4-diol Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@H]1OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1O JNYAEWCLZODPBN-JGWLITMVSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (E)-8-Octadecenoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCC(O)=O WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KBPLFHHGFOOTCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Octanol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCO KBPLFHHGFOOTCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RMSGQZDGSZOJMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-butyl-2-phenylbenzene Chemical group CCCCC1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 RMSGQZDGSZOJMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AFFLGGQVNFXPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-decene Chemical compound CCCCCCCCC=C AFFLGGQVNFXPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CRSBERNSMYQZNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-dodecene Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCC=C CRSBERNSMYQZNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LIKMAJRDDDTEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-hexene Chemical compound CCCCC=C LIKMAJRDDDTEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RUFPHBVGCFYCNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-naphthylamine Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(N)=CC=CC2=C1 RUFPHBVGCFYCNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KWKAKUADMBZCLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-octene Chemical compound CCCCCCC=C KWKAKUADMBZCLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CXKZIYUKNUMIBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-phenylethyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OC(C)C1=CC=CC=C1 CXKZIYUKNUMIBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HFDVRLIODXPAHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-tetradecene Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCC=C HFDVRLIODXPAHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WJFKNYWRSNBZNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 10H-phenothiazine Chemical compound C1=CC=C2NC3=CC=CC=C3SC2=C1 WJFKNYWRSNBZNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DKCPKDPYUFEZCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=CC=CC(C(C)(C)C)=C1O DKCPKDPYUFEZCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OZAIFHULBGXAKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-cyanopropan-2-yldiazenyl)-2-methylpropanenitrile Chemical compound N#CC(C)(C)N=NC(C)(C)C#N OZAIFHULBGXAKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GOXQRTZXKQZDDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Ethylhexyl acrylate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)C=C GOXQRTZXKQZDDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SZAQZZKNQILGPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[1-(2-hydroxy-3,5-dimethylphenyl)-2-methylpropyl]-4,6-dimethylphenol Chemical compound C=1C(C)=CC(C)=C(O)C=1C(C(C)C)C1=CC(C)=CC(C)=C1O SZAQZZKNQILGPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AVBBHCMDRGQBNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethyl-n-(2-ethylhexyl)-n-(1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)hexan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)CN(CC(CC)CCCC)CN1C=NC=N1 AVBBHCMDRGQBNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YIWUKEYIRIRTPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethylhexan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)CO YIWUKEYIRIRTPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OMIGHNLMNHATMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxyethyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound OCCOC(=O)C=C OMIGHNLMNHATMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000000094 2-phenylethyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 20:1omega9c fatty acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QZPSOSOOLFHYRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-hydroxypropyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound OCCCOC(=O)C=C QZPSOSOOLFHYRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UQRONKZLYKUEMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methyl-1-(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)pent-4-en-2-one Chemical group CC(=C)CC(=O)Cc1c(C)cc(C)cc1C UQRONKZLYKUEMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CMGDVUCDZOBDNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methyl-2h-benzotriazole Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC2=NNN=C12 CMGDVUCDZOBDNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-Heptadecensaeure Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Aniline Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC=C1 PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NLZUEZXRPGMBCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butylhydroxytoluene Chemical compound CC1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=C1 NLZUEZXRPGMBCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyric acid Chemical compound CCCC(O)=O FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethoxyethane Chemical compound COCCOC XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 2
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XQVWYOYUZDUNRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Phenyl-1-naphthylamine Chemical compound C=1C=CC2=CC=CC=C2C=1NC1=CC=CC=C1 XQVWYOYUZDUNRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KEQFTVQCIQJIQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Phenyl-2-naphthylamine Chemical compound C=1C=C2C=CC=CC2=CC=1NC1=CC=CC=C1 KEQFTVQCIQJIQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JOZYBUSXAGFNKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-pyridin-2-ylpyridin-2-amine Chemical compound N(c1ccccn1)c1ccccn1.N(c1ccccn1)c1ccccn1 JOZYBUSXAGFNKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005642 Oleic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229920002367 Polyisobutene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 125000005187 nonenyl group Chemical group C(=CCCCCCCC)* 0.000 description 1
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- 125000005064 octadecenyl group Chemical group C(=CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)* 0.000 description 1
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- 125000004365 octenyl group Chemical group C(=CCCCCCC)* 0.000 description 1
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- FATBGEAMYMYZAF-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleamide Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(N)=O FATBGEAMYMYZAF-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- HISQRFFCSVGSGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentadecane-1,2,3-triol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)C(O)CO HISQRFFCSVGSGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentaerythritol Chemical compound OCC(CO)(CO)CO WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JRKICGRDRMAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-L persulfate group Chemical group S(=O)(=O)([O-])OOS(=O)(=O)[O-] JRKICGRDRMAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000002530 phenolic antioxidant Substances 0.000 description 1
- VCAFTIGPOYBOIC-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenyl dihydrogen phosphite Chemical compound OP(O)OC1=CC=CC=C1 VCAFTIGPOYBOIC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WRXFONORSZHETC-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenyl propan-2-yl hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound CC(C)OP(O)(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1 WRXFONORSZHETC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- OJMIONKXNSYLSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphorous acid Chemical compound OP(O)O OJMIONKXNSYLSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003018 phosphorus compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- DOIRQSBPFJWKBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalic acid di-n-butyl ester Natural products CCCCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCCCC DOIRQSBPFJWKBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001515 polyalkylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000768 polyamine Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000193 polymethacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- USHAGKDGDHPEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium persulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O USHAGKDGDHPEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000001376 precipitating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- UHDJLJWVPNZJJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-1-enyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC=COC(=O)C(C)=C UHDJLJWVPNZJJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
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- IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N quinbolone Chemical class O([C@H]1CC[C@H]2[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@]4(C=CC(=O)C=C4CC3)C)CC[C@@]21C)C1=CCCC1 IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012966 redox initiator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008165 rice bran oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000005713 safflower oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003813 safflower oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003902 salicylic acid esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 235000010288 sodium nitrite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- CHQMHPLRPQMAMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium persulfate Substances [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O CHQMHPLRPQMAMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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- JDVPQXZIJDEHAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N succinamic acid Chemical compound NC(=O)CCC(O)=O JDVPQXZIJDEHAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001384 succinic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003900 succinic acid esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229960002317 succinimide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000003871 sulfonates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002600 sunflower oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- CIHOLLKRGTVIJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert‐butyl hydroperoxide Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OO CIHOLLKRGTVIJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TUNFSRHWOTWDNC-HKGQFRNVSA-N tetradecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCC[14C](O)=O TUNFSRHWOTWDNC-HKGQFRNVSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- VLLMWSRANPNYQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiadiazole Chemical compound C1=CSN=N1.C1=CSN=N1 VLLMWSRANPNYQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- RYYWUUFWQRZTIU-UHFFFAOYSA-K thiophosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=S RYYWUUFWQRZTIU-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 150000003852 triazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- STCOOQWBFONSKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributyl phosphate Chemical compound CCCCOP(=O)(OCCCC)OCCCC STCOOQWBFONSKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XTTGYFREQJCEML-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributyl phosphite Chemical compound CCCCOP(OCCCC)OCCCC XTTGYFREQJCEML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005040 tridecenyl group Chemical group C(=CCCCCCCCCCCC)* 0.000 description 1
- QXJQHYBHAIHNGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylolethane Chemical compound OCC(C)(CO)CO QXJQHYBHAIHNGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QOQNJVLFFRMJTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N trioctyl phosphite Chemical compound CCCCCCCCOP(OCCCCCCCC)OCCCCCCCC QOQNJVLFFRMJTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XZZNDPSIHUTMOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenyl phosphate Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1OP(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1 XZZNDPSIHUTMOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010723 turbine oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000005065 undecenyl group Chemical group C(=CCCCCCCCCC)* 0.000 description 1
- 238000005292 vacuum distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010698 whale oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004711 α-olefin Substances 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Lubricants (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
Description
本発明は、有機モリブデン化合物の溶解分散安定化剤等として用いることができるアクリレート共重合体に関する。 The present invention relates to an acrylate copolymer that can be used as a dissolution/dispersion stabilizer for organic molybdenum compounds.
機器及び機械類で使用される潤滑油やグリースは、焼き付き等をできるだけ抑え、機器及び機械類の寿命を延ばすことを目的として、極圧剤、摩擦調整剤、摩耗防止剤といった摩擦抑制剤を添加することでその摩擦摩耗特性を向上させている。そのような摩擦抑制剤の中でも、特に摩擦低減効果が高い摩擦抑制剤として有機モリブデン化合物が知られている（特許文献１、２）。しかしながら、有機モリブデン化合物は、潤滑油やグリース等に用いる基油の種類や配合条件によっては、有機モリブデン化合物の溶解分散安定性の低さに起因して析出や沈殿が生じ、取扱い性の低下や摩擦摩耗特性等の低下などの問題が起こることが知られている。 The friction and wear characteristics of lubricating oils and greases used in equipment and machinery are improved by adding friction inhibitors such as extreme pressure agents, friction modifiers, and anti-wear agents to minimize seizure and extend the life of the equipment and machinery. Among such friction inhibitors, organic molybdenum compounds are known to have a particularly high friction reducing effect (Patent Documents 1 and 2). However, depending on the type of base oil used in the lubricating oil or grease and the blending conditions, organic molybdenum compounds are known to cause precipitation or sedimentation due to their low dissolution and dispersion stability, resulting in problems such as reduced ease of handling and reduced friction and wear characteristics.
このような課題を改善するため、特許文献３には、アニリン点が６５℃以下の潤滑油基油に有機モリブデン化合物を含有させることで、有機モリブデン化合物を高濃度含有した場合でも溶解性に問題がない潤滑油組成物を提供できることが記載されている。特許文献４には、潤滑性基材と、特定のアルカノールアミン化合物と有機モリブデン化合物とを併用することにより、有機モリブデン化合物の基油への溶解性を向上できることが記載されている。特許文献５には、ポリオレフィンからなる高分子モノマーと（メタ）アクリレートモノマーの共重合体である粘度指数向上剤と、特定の潤滑油基油と、有機モリブデンとを含有してなる、モリブデン化合物の沈殿が発生せず、長期に安定した性能を発揮する潤滑油組成物が記載されている。特許文献６には、櫛型ポリマーを含む粘度指数向上剤と、モリブデン系摩擦調整剤と、特定の基油とを含む、優れた摩擦低減効果及び低温粘度特性を有し、さらに添加剤の溶解性も良好な潤滑油組成物が記載されている。 In order to improve such problems, Patent Document 3 describes that by adding an organic molybdenum compound to a lubricating base oil having an aniline point of 65°C or less, a lubricating oil composition can be provided that does not have a problem with solubility even when the lubricating base oil contains a high concentration of the organic molybdenum compound. Patent Document 4 describes that the solubility of the organic molybdenum compound in the base oil can be improved by using a lubricating base material in combination with a specific alkanolamine compound and an organic molybdenum compound. Patent Document 5 describes a lubricating oil composition that does not cause precipitation of the molybdenum compound and exhibits stable performance for a long period of time, and that contains a viscosity index improver that is a copolymer of a polymer monomer made of polyolefin and a (meth)acrylate monomer, a specific lubricating base oil, and organic molybdenum. Patent Document 6 describes a lubricating oil composition that contains a viscosity index improver containing a comb polymer, a molybdenum-based friction modifier, and a specific base oil, has excellent friction reduction effect and low-temperature viscosity characteristics, and also has good solubility of additives.
また、有機モリブデン化合物の溶解分散安定性に関する記載はないものの、特許文献７には、モリブデン系摩擦摩耗防止剤の効果を最大限に発揮できる粘度指数向上剤として、炭素数１０以下のアルキル基を有するアルキル（メタ）アクリレート単量体を７０重量％以上含有する重合体からなる粘度指数向上剤が記載されている。同様に、特許文献８には、モリブデン系摩擦摩耗防止剤の性能を十分に発揮させる潤滑油として、アルキルアクリレート２０～７０重量％と、アルキルメタクリレート８０～３０重量％とを含有する重合体からなる粘度指数向上剤、モリブデン系摩擦摩耗防止剤、潤滑油基油を必須成分としてなる潤滑油が記載されている。 Although there is no description regarding the dissolution and dispersion stability of organic molybdenum compounds, Patent Document 7 describes a viscosity index improver that can maximize the effects of molybdenum-based friction and wear inhibitors, which is made of a polymer containing 70% by weight or more of an alkyl (meth)acrylate monomer having an alkyl group with 10 or less carbon atoms. Similarly, Patent Document 8 describes a lubricant that can fully utilize the performance of a molybdenum-based friction and wear inhibitor, which is made of a viscosity index improver made of a polymer containing 20 to 70% by weight of alkyl acrylate and 80 to 30% by weight of alkyl methacrylate, a molybdenum-based friction and wear inhibitor, and a lubricant base oil as essential components.
しかしながらこのような従来技術においては、潤滑油やグリースの保管時や使用時にさらされる様々な環境（特に低温環境）等に対して十分には有機モリブデン化合物の溶解分散性を向上させることができないために、その取扱い性や摩擦特性の発揮等に悪影響を与えることがあった。また、従来技術に記載の粘度指数向上剤等を溶解分散剤として用いた場合には、有機モリブデン化合物の溶解分散安定性はある程度向上される一方で、潤滑油やグリースの粘度の増加や摩擦低減効果の阻害などの影響も同時に発揮されてしまうため、潤滑油やグリースへの配合条件が事実上制限されるなどの問題もあった。 However, such conventional techniques are unable to sufficiently improve the solubility and dispersibility of the organic molybdenum compound in the various environments (particularly low-temperature environments) to which the lubricating oil or grease is exposed during storage or use, which can adversely affect the ease of handling and the exertion of frictional properties. In addition, when the viscosity index improvers and the like described in the conventional techniques are used as dispersants, while the solubility and dispersion stability of the organic molybdenum compound is improved to a certain extent, they also have the effect of increasing the viscosity of the lubricating oil or grease and inhibiting the friction-reducing effect, which effectively limits the compounding conditions for the lubricating oil or grease.
従って、本発明が解決しようとする課題は、有機モリブデン化合物の溶解分散安定性を十分に向上させることができるアクリレート共重合体を提供することにある。 Therefore, the problem that the present invention aims to solve is to provide an acrylate copolymer that can sufficiently improve the dissolution and dispersion stability of an organic molybdenum compound.
そこで、本発明者等は鋭意検討した結果、有機モリブデン化合物の溶解分散安定性を十分に向上させることができるアクリレート共重合体を見出し、本発明を完成するに至った。即ち、本発明は、炭素数２～１０のアルキル基を有するアルキルアクリレート（ａ）と、炭素数１１～２０のアルキル基を有するアルキルアクリレート（ｂ）とを構成単量体として重合して得られるアクリレート共重合体であって、構成単量体中のアルキルアクリレート（ａ）の構成比率が構成単量体の全モル数に対して２５～６５モル％であり、アルキルアクリレート（ｂ）の構成比率が構成単量体の全モル数に対して３５～７５モル％であり、アクリレート共重合体の構成単量体中の、アルキルアクリレート（ａ）の構成比率とアルキルアクリレート（ｂ）の構成比率の合計が構成単量体の全モル数に対して９５～１００モル％であり、重量平均分子量が５，０００～３００，０００である、アクリレート共重合体からなる、有機モリブデン化合物の基油への溶解分散安定化剤に関する。 Therefore, the present inventors have conducted extensive research and found an acrylate copolymer capable of sufficiently improving the dissolution/dispersion stability of an organic molybdenum compound, and have completed the present invention. That is, the present invention relates to an agent for stabilizing dissolution/dispersion of an organic molybdenum compound in a base oil, which is an acrylate copolymer obtained by polymerizing an alkyl acrylate (a) having an alkyl group with 2 to 10 carbon atoms and an alkyl acrylate (b) having an alkyl group with 11 to 20 carbon atoms as constituent monomers, in which the constituent monomer ratio of the alkyl acrylate (a) is 25 to 65 mol % relative to the total number of moles of the constituent monomers, the constituent monomer ratio of the alkyl acrylate (b) is 35 to 75 mol % relative to the total number of moles of the constituent monomers, the sum of the constituent monomer ratios of the alkyl acrylate (a) and the alkyl acrylate (b) is 95 to 100 mol % relative to the total number of moles of the constituent monomers, and the weight average molecular weight is 5,000 to 300,000.
本発明のアクリレート共重合体は、有機モリブデン化合物の溶解分散安定性を十分に向上させることができる。 The acrylate copolymer of the present invention can sufficiently improve the dissolution and dispersion stability of the organic molybdenum compound.
本発明のアクリレート共重合体を構成する構成単量体であるアルキルアクリレート（ａ）は、炭素数２～１０のアルキル基を有するアルキルアクリレートである。炭素数２～１０のアルキル基を有するアルキルアクリレートとしては、例えば、エチルアクリレート、プロピルアクリレート、ブチルアクリレート、ペンチルアクリレート、ヘキシルアクリレート、ヘプチルアクリレート、オクチルアクリレート、ノニルアクリレート、デシルアクリレート等の直鎖アルキルアクリレート；分岐プロピルアクリレート、分岐ブチルアクリレート、分岐ペンチルアクリレート、分岐ヘキシルアクリレート、分岐ヘプチルアクリレート、分岐オクチルアクリレート、分岐ノニルアクリレート、分岐デシルアクリレート等の分岐アルキルアクリレート等が挙げられる。これらの中でも、得られるアクリレート共重合体の溶解分散安定化性能及び諸特性の観点から、アルキルアクリレート（ａ）として、炭素数２～８のアルキル基を有するアルキルアクリレートの少なくとも１種を用いることが好ましく、エチルアクリレート、ブチルアクリレート及びエチルヘキシルアクリレートからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも１種を用いることがより好ましく、エチルヘキシルアクリレートを用いることが更により好ましい。 The alkyl acrylate (a), which is a constituent monomer constituting the acrylate copolymer of the present invention, is an alkyl acrylate having an alkyl group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms. Examples of alkyl acrylates having an alkyl group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms include linear alkyl acrylates such as ethyl acrylate, propyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, pentyl acrylate, hexyl acrylate, heptyl acrylate, octyl acrylate, nonyl acrylate, and decyl acrylate; and branched alkyl acrylates such as branched propyl acrylate, branched butyl acrylate, branched pentyl acrylate, branched hexyl acrylate, branched heptyl acrylate, branched octyl acrylate, branched nonyl acrylate, and branched decyl acrylate. Among these, from the viewpoint of the dissolution/dispersion stabilization performance and various properties of the resulting acrylate copolymer, it is preferable to use at least one alkyl acrylate having an alkyl group having 2 to 8 carbon atoms as the alkyl acrylate (a), it is more preferable to use at least one selected from the group consisting of ethyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, and ethylhexyl acrylate, and it is even more preferable to use ethylhexyl acrylate.
本発明のアクリレート共重合体は、構成単量体中のアルキルアクリレート（ａ）の構成比率が構成単量体の全モル数に対して２５～６５モル％である。本発明においては、アルキルアクリレート（ａ）の構成比率がこの範囲であることで、有機モリブデン化合物の基油への溶解分散性を高めることができ、かつ潤滑油やグリースに配合した際の粘度の増加や摩擦低減効果の低下などの影響を抑えることができる。また、得られるアクリレート共重合体の溶解分散安定化性能及び諸特性の観点から、アルキルアクリレート（ａ）の構成比率は、構成単量体の全モル数に対して２５～６０モル％であることが好ましく、３０～５５モル％であることがより好ましく、４０～５５モル％であることが更により好ましい。 In the acrylate copolymer of the present invention, the constituent ratio of the alkyl acrylate (a) in the constituent monomers is 25 to 65 mol% relative to the total number of moles of the constituent monomers. In the present invention, by having the constituent ratio of the alkyl acrylate (a) in this range, the solubility and dispersibility of the organic molybdenum compound in the base oil can be increased, and the effects of an increase in viscosity and a decrease in the friction reduction effect when blended with a lubricating oil or grease can be suppressed. In addition, from the viewpoint of the solubility/dispersion stabilization performance and various properties of the obtained acrylate copolymer, the constituent ratio of the alkyl acrylate (a) is preferably 25 to 60 mol% relative to the total number of moles of the constituent monomers, more preferably 30 to 55 mol%, and even more preferably 40 to 55 mol%.
本発明のアクリレート共重合体を構成する構成単量体であるアルキルアクリレート（ｂ）は、炭素数１１～２０のアルキル基を有するアルキルアクリレートである。炭素数１１～２０のアルキル基を有するアルキルアクリレートとしては、例えば、ウンデシルアクリレート、ドデシルアクリレート、トリデシルアクリレート、テトラデシルアクリレート、ペンタデシルアクリレート、ヘキサデシルアクリレート、ヘプタデシルアクリレート、オクタデシルアクリレート、ノナデシルアクリレート、イコシルアクリレート等の直鎖アルキルアクリレート；分岐ウンデシルアクリレート、分岐ドデシルアクリレート、分岐トリデシルアクリレート、分岐テトラデシルアクリレート、分岐ペンタデシルアクリレート、分岐ヘキサデシルアクリレート、分岐ヘプタデシルアクリレート、分岐オクタデシルアクリレート、分岐ノナデシルアクリレート、分岐イコシルアクリレート等の分岐アルキルアクリレート等が挙げられる。これらの中でも、得られるアクリレート共重合体の溶解分散安定化性能及び諸特性の観点から、アルキルアクリレート（ｂ）として、炭素数１２～１８のアルキル基を有するアルキルアクリレートの少なくとも１種を用いることが好ましく、ラウリルアクリレート及びオクタデシルアクリレートの少なくともいずれかを用いることがより好ましく、オクタデシルアクリレートを用いることが更により好ましい。 The alkyl acrylate (b), which is a constituent monomer constituting the acrylate copolymer of the present invention, is an alkyl acrylate having an alkyl group having 11 to 20 carbon atoms. Examples of alkyl acrylates having an alkyl group having 11 to 20 carbon atoms include linear alkyl acrylates such as undecyl acrylate, dodecyl acrylate, tridecyl acrylate, tetradecyl acrylate, pentadecyl acrylate, hexadecyl acrylate, heptadecyl acrylate, octadecyl acrylate, nonadecyl acrylate, and icosyl acrylate; and branched alkyl acrylates such as branched undecyl acrylate, branched dodecyl acrylate, branched tridecyl acrylate, branched tetradecyl acrylate, branched pentadecyl acrylate, branched hexadecyl acrylate, branched heptadecyl acrylate, branched octadecyl acrylate, branched nonadecyl acrylate, and branched icosyl acrylate. Among these, from the viewpoint of the dissolution/dispersion stabilization performance and various properties of the resulting acrylate copolymer, it is preferable to use at least one alkyl acrylate having an alkyl group having 12 to 18 carbon atoms as the alkyl acrylate (b), it is more preferable to use at least one of lauryl acrylate and octadecyl acrylate, and it is even more preferable to use octadecyl acrylate.
本発明のアクリレート共重合体は、構成単量体中のアルキルアクリレート（ｂ）の構成比率が構成単量体の全モル数に対して３５～７５モル％である。本発明においては、アルキルアクリレート（ｂ）の構成比率がこの範囲であることで、有機モリブデン化合物の基油への溶解分散性を高めることができ、かつ潤滑油やグリースに配合した際の粘度の増加や摩擦低減効果の低下などの影響を抑えることができる。また、得られるアクリレート共重合体の溶解分散安定化性能及び諸特性の観点から、アルキルアクリレート（ｂ）の構成比率は構成単量体の全モル数に対して４０～７５モル％であることが好ましく、４５～７０モル％であることがより好ましく、４５～６０モル％であることが更により好ましい。 In the acrylate copolymer of the present invention, the constituent ratio of alkyl acrylate (b) in the constituent monomers is 35 to 75 mol% relative to the total number of moles of the constituent monomers. In the present invention, by having the constituent ratio of alkyl acrylate (b) in this range, the solubility and dispersibility of the organic molybdenum compound in the base oil can be increased, and the effects of an increase in viscosity and a decrease in the friction reduction effect when blended with a lubricating oil or grease can be suppressed. In addition, from the viewpoint of the solubility, dispersion, and stabilization performance and various properties of the obtained acrylate copolymer, the constituent ratio of alkyl acrylate (b) is preferably 40 to 75 mol% relative to the total number of moles of the constituent monomers, more preferably 45 to 70 mol%, and even more preferably 45 to 60 mol%.
本発明においては、有機モリブデン化合物の基油への溶解分散性を特に高める観点から、アルキルアクリレート（ｂ）としてオクタデシルアクリレートを、構成単量体の全モル数に対して３５～７５モル％含むことが特に好ましく、４０～６０モル％含むことが更により好ましい。このとき、アルキルアクリレート（ｂ）として他の炭素数１１～２０のアルキル基を有するアルキルアクリレートを含んでいてもよい。 In the present invention, from the viewpoint of particularly enhancing the solubility and dispersibility of the organic molybdenum compound in the base oil, it is particularly preferable that the alkyl acrylate (b) contains octadecyl acrylate in an amount of 35 to 75 mol % relative to the total number of moles of the constituent monomers, and even more preferably 40 to 60 mol %. In this case, the alkyl acrylate (b) may contain another alkyl acrylate having an alkyl group having 11 to 20 carbon atoms.
本発明のアクリレート共重合体を構成する構成単量体としては、アルキルアクリレート（ａ）及びアルキルアクリレート（ｂ）の他に、ヒドロキシアルキルアクリレート（ｃ）、芳香族アクリレート（ｄ）を用いてもよい。 In addition to the alkyl acrylate (a) and the alkyl acrylate (b), hydroxyalkyl acrylate (c) and aromatic acrylate (d) may also be used as constituent monomers for the acrylate copolymer of the present invention.
ヒドロキシアルキルアクリレート（ｃ）としては、例えば、ヒドロキシメチルアクリレート、ヒドロキシエチルアクリレート、ヒドロキシプロピルアクリレート、ヒドロキシブチルアクリレート、ヒドロキシペンチルアクリレート等が挙げられる。これらの中でも、有機モリブデン化合物の基油への溶解分散性を高める観点からは、ヒドロキシエチルアクリレート又はヒドロキシプロピルアクリレートを用いることが好ましい。 Examples of hydroxyalkyl acrylates (c) include hydroxymethyl acrylate, hydroxyethyl acrylate, hydroxypropyl acrylate, hydroxybutyl acrylate, and hydroxypentyl acrylate. Among these, it is preferable to use hydroxyethyl acrylate or hydroxypropyl acrylate from the viewpoint of increasing the solubility and dispersibility of the organic molybdenum compound in the base oil.
本発明のアクリレート共重合体は、有機モリブデン化合物の基油への溶解分散性を高めることができ、かつ潤滑油やグリースに配合した際の粘度の増加や摩擦低減効果の低下などの影響を抑える観点からは、構成単量体中のヒドロキシアルキルアクリレート（ｃ）の構成比率が構成単量体の全モル数に対して０～２０モル％であることが好ましく、０～１０モル％であることがより好ましい。 The acrylate copolymer of the present invention can enhance the solubility and dispersibility of the organic molybdenum compound in the base oil, and from the viewpoint of suppressing the effects of increased viscosity and decreased friction reduction effect when blended with a lubricating oil or grease, the constituent ratio of hydroxyalkyl acrylate (c) in the constituent monomers is preferably 0 to 20 mol %, more preferably 0 to 10 mol %, based on the total number of moles of the constituent monomers.
芳香族アクリレート（ｄ）としては、例えば、ベンジルアクリレート、メチルベンジルアクリレート、ジメチルベンジルアクリレート、エチルベンジルアクリレート、フェネチルアクリレート、プロペニルアクリレート、ブテニルアクリレート、フェノキシエチルアクリレート、フェノキシプロピルアクリレート等の芳香環及びアクリレート基を有する化合物が挙げられる。これらの中でも、有機モリブデン化合物の基油への溶解分散性を高める観点からは、ベンジルアクリレート又はメチルベンジルアクリレートを用いることが好ましい。 Examples of aromatic acrylates (d) include compounds having an aromatic ring and an acrylate group, such as benzyl acrylate, methyl benzyl acrylate, dimethyl benzyl acrylate, ethyl benzyl acrylate, phenethyl acrylate, propenyl acrylate, butenyl acrylate, phenoxyethyl acrylate, and phenoxypropyl acrylate. Among these, it is preferable to use benzyl acrylate or methyl benzyl acrylate from the viewpoint of increasing the solubility and dispersibility of the organic molybdenum compound in the base oil.
本発明のアクリレート共重合体は、有機モリブデン化合物の基油への溶解分散性を高めることができ、かつ潤滑油やグリースに配合した際の粘度の増加や摩擦低減効果の低下などの影響を抑える観点からは、構成単量体中の芳香族アクリレート（ｄ）の構成比率が構成単量体の全モル数に対して０～２０モル％であることが好ましく、０～１０モル％であることがより好ましい。 The acrylate copolymer of the present invention can enhance the solubility and dispersibility of the organic molybdenum compound in the base oil, and from the viewpoint of suppressing the effects of increased viscosity and decreased friction reduction effect when blended with a lubricating oil or grease, the constituent ratio of aromatic acrylate (d) in the constituent monomers is preferably 0 to 20 mol %, more preferably 0 to 10 mol %, based on the total number of moles of the constituent monomers.
本発明のアクリレート共重合体は、有機モリブデン化合物の基油への溶解分散性を高めることができ、かつ潤滑油やグリースに配合した際の粘度の増加や摩擦低減効果の低下などの影響を抑える観点からは、構成単量体中のアルキルアクリレート（ａ）の構成比率とアルキルアクリレート（ｂ）の構成比率の合計が、構成単量体の全モル数に対して８０～１００モル％であることが好ましく、９０～１００モル％であることがより好ましく、９５～１００モル％であることが更により好ましく、１００モル％であることが特に好ましい。またこのとき、有機モリブデン化合物の基油への溶解分散性を高める観点からは、構成単量体中のアルキルアクリレート（ａ）の構成比率とアルキルアクリレート（ｂ）の構成比率とのモル比が、２５：７５～６５：３５であることが好ましく、２５：７５～６０：４０であることがより好ましく、３０：７０～５５：４５であることが更により好ましく、４０：６０～５５：４５であることが更により好ましい。 In terms of being able to enhance the dissolution and dispersibility of the organic molybdenum compound in the base oil and suppressing the effects of an increase in viscosity and a decrease in friction reduction effect when blended with a lubricating oil or grease, the total of the constituent ratios of the alkyl acrylate (a) and the alkyl acrylate (b) in the constituent monomers is preferably 80 to 100 mol %, more preferably 90 to 100 mol %, even more preferably 95 to 100 mol %, and particularly preferably 100 mol % based on the total number of moles of the constituent monomers. In addition, in terms of enhancing the dissolution and dispersibility of the organic molybdenum compound in the base oil, the molar ratio of the constituent ratios of the alkyl acrylate (a) and the constituent ratios of the alkyl acrylate (b) in the constituent monomers is preferably 25:75 to 65:35, more preferably 25:75 to 60:40, even more preferably 30:70 to 55:45, and even more preferably 40:60 to 55:45.
本発明のアクリレート共重合体の重量平均分子量が５，０００～３００，０００である。重量平均分子量が５，０００未満では、有機モリブデン化合物の基油への溶解分散性を高めることができない場合があり、３００，０００を超えると、有機モリブデン化合物の基油への溶解分散性を高めることができない場合や、潤滑油やグリースに配合した際の粘度の増加や摩擦低減効果の低下などの影響が大きくなる場合がある。得られるアクリレート共重合体の溶解分散安定化性能及び諸特性の観点からは、アクリレート共重合体の重量平均分子量は１０，０００～２００，０００であることが好ましく、１２，０００～１５０，０００であることがより好ましい。本発明のアクリレート共重合体の重量平均分子量は、構成単量体の反応温度及び反応時間を調整したり、反応時にブタンチオール、オクタンチオール、オクタデカンチオール、ドデカンチオール、シクロヘキシルメルカプタン、チオフェノール、チオグリコール酸オクチル、ドデシルメルカプタン、エチレングリコールビスチオグリコレート等の反応調整剤を添加したりすることにより制御できる。なお、本明細書に記載する「重量平均分子量」は、ＧＰＣ（ゲル浸透クロマトグラフィー）により測定し、ポリスチレン換算により求めることができる。また、本発明のアクリレート共重合体の重合形態は特に限定されず、構成単量体のブロック共重合体、ランダム共重合体、あるいはブロック／ランダム共重合体のいずれであってもよい。 The weight average molecular weight of the acrylate copolymer of the present invention is 5,000 to 300,000. If the weight average molecular weight is less than 5,000, the solubility and dispersibility of the organic molybdenum compound in the base oil may not be improved, and if it exceeds 300,000, the solubility and dispersibility of the organic molybdenum compound in the base oil may not be improved, or the effects of increasing the viscosity and decreasing the friction reduction effect when blended with a lubricating oil or grease may become significant. From the viewpoint of the solubility and dispersion stabilization performance and various properties of the obtained acrylate copolymer, the weight average molecular weight of the acrylate copolymer is preferably 10,000 to 200,000, and more preferably 12,000 to 150,000. The weight average molecular weight of the acrylate copolymer of the present invention can be controlled by adjusting the reaction temperature and reaction time of the constituent monomers, or by adding a reaction regulator such as butanethiol, octanethiol, octadecanethiol, dodecanethiol, cyclohexyl mercaptan, thiophenol, octyl thioglycolate, dodecyl mercaptan, or ethylene glycol bisthioglycolate during the reaction. The "weight average molecular weight" described in this specification can be measured by GPC (gel permeation chromatography) and calculated in terms of polystyrene. The polymerization form of the acrylate copolymer of the present invention is not particularly limited, and may be any of a block copolymer, a random copolymer, or a block/random copolymer of the constituent monomers.
本発明のアクリレート共重合体は、構成単量体としてメタクリレート系単量体を用いないことで、有機モリブデン化合物の基油への溶解分散性を高めることができ、かつ潤滑油やグリースに配合した際の粘度の増加や摩擦低減効果の低下などの影響を抑えることができる。本発明のアクリレート共重合体は、このような特性を有することで、一般的に様々な添加剤と併用して用いる潤滑油やグリース等に対して、配合条件に大きな制限や悪影響を与えることなく、有機モリブデン化合物の溶解分散安定化剤等として用いることができ、具体的には、０℃、より厳しくは－５℃、更に厳しくは－２０℃といった低温環境下にさらされたとしても、基油中に分散・溶解した有機モリブデン化合物が沈殿・析出することを防ぐことができる。 The acrylate copolymer of the present invention does not use a methacrylate monomer as a constituent monomer, and therefore can enhance the dissolution and dispersion of the organic molybdenum compound in the base oil, and can suppress the effects of increased viscosity and decreased friction reduction when blended with lubricating oil or grease. The acrylate copolymer of the present invention has such properties that it can be used as a dissolution and dispersion stabilizer for organic molybdenum compounds in lubricating oils and greases that are generally used in combination with various additives, without significantly restricting or adversely affecting the blending conditions. Specifically, even when exposed to low-temperature environments such as 0°C, or more strictly -5°C, or even more strictly -20°C, it can prevent the organic molybdenum compound dispersed or dissolved in the base oil from precipitating or depositing.
前記メタクリレート系単量体として、アルキルメタクリレート、ヒドロキシアルキルメタクリレート、芳香族メタクリレート等が挙げられる。アルキルメタクリレートとしては、例えば、炭素数２～２０の直鎖アルキル基を有するアルキルメタクリレート、炭素数３～２０の分岐アルキル基を有するアルキルメタクリレートが挙げられる。ヒドロキシアルキルメタクリレートとしては、例えば、ヒドロキシメチルメタクリレート、ヒドロキシエチルメタクリレート、ヒドロキシプロピルメタクリレート、ヒドロキシブチルメタクリレート、ヒドロキシペンチルメタクリレート等が挙げられる。芳香族メタクリレートとしては、ベンジルメタクリレート、メチルベンジルメタクリレート、ジメチルベンジルメタクリレート、エチルベンジルメタクリレート、フェネチルメタクリレート、プロペニルメタクリレート、ブテニルメタクリレート、フェノキシエチルメタクリレート、フェノキシプロピルメタクリレート等が挙げられる。 Examples of the methacrylate monomer include alkyl methacrylate, hydroxyalkyl methacrylate, and aromatic methacrylate. Examples of the alkyl methacrylate include alkyl methacrylate having a linear alkyl group with 2 to 20 carbon atoms, and alkyl methacrylate having a branched alkyl group with 3 to 20 carbon atoms. Examples of the hydroxyalkyl methacrylate include hydroxymethyl methacrylate, hydroxyethyl methacrylate, hydroxypropyl methacrylate, hydroxybutyl methacrylate, and hydroxypentyl methacrylate. Examples of the aromatic methacrylate include benzyl methacrylate, methylbenzyl methacrylate, dimethylbenzyl methacrylate, ethylbenzyl methacrylate, phenethyl methacrylate, propenyl methacrylate, butenyl methacrylate, phenoxyethyl methacrylate, and phenoxypropyl methacrylate.
本発明のアクリレート共重合体の製造方法は特に指定されず、公知の方法であればいずれの方法で製造してもよく、例えば、塊状重合、乳化重合、懸濁重合、溶液重合等の方法により構成単量体を重合反応させることで製造することができる。また、アクリレート共重合体を鉱物油や合成油等の基油に添加して使用する場合は、乳化重合や懸濁重合のように水を溶媒として使用する重合方法より、塊状重合や溶液重合が好ましく、溶液重合がより好ましい。 The method for producing the acrylate copolymer of the present invention is not particularly specified, and any known method may be used. For example, the copolymer may be produced by polymerizing the constituent monomers by a method such as bulk polymerization, emulsion polymerization, suspension polymerization, or solution polymerization. When the acrylate copolymer is used by adding it to a base oil such as a mineral oil or a synthetic oil, bulk polymerization or solution polymerization is preferable to a polymerization method using water as a solvent such as emulsion polymerization or suspension polymerization, and solution polymerization is more preferable.
溶液重合による具体的な方法としては、例えば、溶媒及び構成単量体を含む原料を一括若しくは分割して反応器に仕込んだ後、５０～１２０℃程度に昇温し、構成単量体全モル数に対して０．０１～１０モル％の量の開始剤を一括或いは分割して添加し、１～２０時間ほど攪拌して反応させればよい。また、構成単量体と触媒を一括して仕込んでから５０～１２０℃に昇温し、１～２０時間ほど攪拌して反応させてもよい。 A specific method for solution polymerization is, for example, to charge raw materials including a solvent and constituent monomers into a reactor all at once or in portions, then heat to about 50 to 120°C, add an initiator in an amount of 0.01 to 10 mol% based on the total number of moles of the constituent monomers all at once or in portions, and stir for about 1 to 20 hours to react. Alternatively, the constituent monomers and catalyst may be charged all at once, then heat to 50 to 120°C, and stir for about 1 to 20 hours to react.
使用できる溶媒としては、例えば、メタノール、エタノール、プロパノール、ブタノール等のアルコール類；ベンゼン、トルエン、キシレン、ヘキサン等の炭化水素類；酢酸エチル、酢酸ブチル、酢酸イソブチル等のエステル類；アセトン、メチルエチルケトン、メチルイソブチルケトン等のケトン類；メトキシブタノール、エトキシブタノール、エチレングリコールモノメチルエーテル、エチレングリコールジメチルエーテル、エチレングリコールモノブチルエーテル、プロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテル、プロピレングリコールジメチルエーテル、プロピレングリコールモノブチルエーテル、ジオキサン、テトラヒドロフラン等のエーテル類；パラフィン系鉱油、ナフテン系鉱油或いはこれらを水素化精製、溶剤脱れき、溶剤抽出、溶剤脱ろう、水添脱ろう、接触脱ろう、水素化分解、アルカリ蒸留、硫酸洗浄、白土処理等の精製した精製鉱油等の鉱物油；ポリ－α－オレフィン、エチレン－α－オレフィン共重合体、ポリブテン、アルキルベンゼン、アルキルナフタレン、ポリフェニルエーテル、アルキル置換ジフェニルエーテル、ポリオールエステル、二塩基酸エステル、ヒンダードエステル、モノエステル、ＧＴＬ（Gas to Liquids）等の合成油及びこれらの混合物等が挙げられる。 Examples of solvents that can be used include alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, propanol, and butanol; hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene, xylene, and hexane; esters such as ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, and isobutyl acetate; ketones such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, and methyl isobutyl ketone; ethers such as methoxybutanol, ethoxybutanol, ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, propylene glycol monomethyl ether, propylene glycol dimethyl ether, propylene glycol monobutyl ether, dioxane, and tetrahydrofuran; mineral oils such as paraffinic mineral oil, naphthenic mineral oil, and refined mineral oils obtained by refining these through hydrorefining, solvent deasphalting, solvent extraction, solvent dewaxing, hydroderwaxing, catalytic dewaxing, hydrocracking, alkali distillation, sulfuric acid washing, and clay treatment; poly-α-olefins, ethylene-α-olefin copolymers, polybutenes, alkylbenzenes, alkylnaphthalenes, polyphenyl ethers, alkyl-substituted diphenyl ethers, polyol esters, dibasic acid esters, hindered esters, monoesters, and GTL (Gas to Liquids) and other synthetic oils and mixtures of these.
使用できる開始剤としては、例えば、２，２’－アゾビス（２－メチルプロピオニトリル）、２，２’－アゾビス（２－アミジノプロパン）二塩酸塩、２，２’－アゾビス－（Ｎ，Ｎ－ジメチレンイソブチルアミジン）二塩酸塩、１，１’－アゾビス（シクロヘキシル－１－カルボニトリル）等のアゾ系開始剤、過酸化水素及び過酸化ベンゾイル、ｔ－ブチルヒドロパーオキシド、クメンヒドロパーオキシド、メチルエチルケトンパーオキシド、過安息香酸等の有機過酸化物、過硫酸ナトリウム、過硫酸カリウム、過硫酸アンモニウム等の過硫酸塩、過酸化水素－Ｆｅ３＋等のレドックス開始剤、その他既存のラジカル開始剤等が挙げられる。 Examples of initiators that can be used include azo initiators such as 2,2'-azobis(2-methylpropionitrile), 2,2'-azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride, 2,2'-azobis-(N,N-dimethyleneisobutylamidine) dihydrochloride, and 1,1'-azobis(cyclohexyl-1-carbonitrile); organic peroxides such as hydrogen peroxide, benzoyl peroxide, t-butyl hydroperoxide, cumene hydroperoxide, methyl ethyl ketone peroxide, and perbenzoic acid; persulfates such as sodium persulfate, potassium persulfate, and ammonium persulfate; redox initiators such as hydrogen peroxide- Fe3+ ; and other existing radical initiators.
本発明のアクリレート共重合体の使用態様は特に限定されないが、例えば、潤滑油添加剤、燃料油添加剤、作動油添加剤、金属加工油添加剤、グリース添加剤等として好適に使用される。これらの中でも、潤滑油用添加剤として用いることが好ましい。 The acrylate copolymer of the present invention may be used in any manner, but is preferably used, for example, as a lubricating oil additive, a fuel oil additive, a hydraulic oil additive, a metal working oil additive, a grease additive, etc. Among these, it is preferably used as an additive for lubricating oil.
本発明の潤滑油組成物は、上述したアクリレート共重合体と、下記の一般式（１）で表される有機モリブデン化合物と、基油とを含有する潤滑油組成物である、 The lubricating oil composition of the present invention is a lubricating oil composition containing the above-mentioned acrylate copolymer, an organic molybdenum compound represented by the following general formula (1), and a base oil.
上記一般式（１）において、Ｒ１～Ｒ４は、それぞれ独立して、炭素数４～１８の炭化水素基を表し、こうした基としては、例えば、ブチル基、ペンチル基、ヘキシル基、ヘプチル基、オクチル基、ノニル基、デシル基、ウンデシル基、ドデシル基、トリデシル基、テトラデシル基、ペンタデシル基、ヘキサデシル基、ヘプタデシル基、オクタデシル基及びこれら全ての異性体等の飽和脂肪族炭化水素基；ブテニル基、ペンテニル基、ヘキセニル基、ヘプテニル基、オクテニル基、ノネニル基、デセニル基、ウンデセニル基、ドデセニル基、トリデセニル基、テトラデセニル基、ペンタデセニル基、ヘキサデセニル基、ヘプタデセニル基、オクタデセニル基及びこれら全ての異性体等の不飽和脂肪族炭化水素基；フェニル基、トルイル基、キシリル基、クメニル基、メシチル基、ベンジル基、フェネチル基、スチリル基、シンナミル基、ベンズヒドリル基、トリチル基、エチルフェニル基、プロピルフェニル基、ブチルフェニル基、ペンチルフェニル基、ヘキシルフェニル基、ヘプチルフェニル基、オクチルフェニル基、ノニルフェニル基、デシルフェニル基、ウンデシルフェニル基、ドデシルフェニル基、スチレン化フェニル基、ｐ－クミルフェニル基、フェニルフェニル基、ベンジルフェニル基、α－ナフチル基、β－ナフチル基及びこれら全ての異性体等の芳香族炭化水素基；シクロペンチル基、シクロヘキシル基、シクロヘプチル基、メチルシクロペンチル基、メチルシクロヘキシル基、メチルシクロヘプチル基、シクロペンテニル基、シクロヘキセニル基、シクロヘプテニル基、メチルシクロペンテニル基、メチルシクロヘキセニル基、メチルシクロヘプテニル基及びこれら全ての異性体等のシクロアルキル基等が挙げられる。中でも、得られる潤滑油組成物の溶解分散安定性及び摩擦摩耗特性の観点から、炭素数４～１８の飽和脂肪族炭化水素基及び不飽和脂肪族炭化水素基が好ましく、炭素数４～１８の飽和脂肪族炭化水素基がより好ましく、炭素数８～１４の飽和脂肪族炭化水素基が更により好ましく、炭素数８と１３の飽和脂肪族炭化水素基が最も好ましい。 In the above general formula (1), R 1 to R 4 each independently represent a hydrocarbon group having 4 to 18 carbon atoms. Examples of such groups include saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon groups such as a butyl group, a pentyl group, a hexyl group, a heptyl group, an octyl group, a nonyl group, a decyl group, an undecyl group, a dodecyl group, a tridecyl group, a tetradecyl group, a pentadecyl group, a hexadecyl group, a heptadecyl group, an octadecyl group, and all isomers thereof; unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon groups such as phenyl, heptenyl, octenyl, nonenyl, decenyl, undecenyl, dodecenyl, tridecenyl, tetradecenyl, pentadecenyl, hexadecenyl, heptadecenyl, octadecenyl and all isomers thereof; phenyl, toluyl, xylyl, cumenyl, mesityl, benzyl, phenethyl, styryl, cinnamyl, phenyl ... aromatic hydrocarbon groups such as arylhydryl, trityl, ethylphenyl, propylphenyl, butylphenyl, pentylphenyl, hexylphenyl, heptylphenyl, octylphenyl, nonylphenyl, decylphenyl, undecylphenyl, dodecylphenyl, styrenated phenyl, p-cumylphenyl, phenylphenyl, benzylphenyl, α-naphthyl, β-naphthyl, and all isomers thereof; cycloalkyl groups such as cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, methylcyclopentyl, methylcyclohexyl, methylcycloheptyl, cyclopentenyl, cyclohexenyl, cycloheptenyl, methylcyclopentenyl, methylcyclohexenyl, methylcycloheptenyl, and all isomers thereof. Of these, from the viewpoints of the dissolution/dispersion stability and friction/wear properties of the resulting lubricating oil composition, saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon groups and unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon groups having 4 to 18 carbon atoms are preferred, saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon groups having 4 to 18 carbon atoms are more preferred, saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon groups having 8 to 14 carbon atoms are even more preferred, and saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon groups having 8 and 13 carbon atoms are most preferred.
また、一般式（１）において、Ｘ１～Ｘ４は、それぞれ独立して硫黄原子又は酸素原子を表す。中でも、Ｘ１及びＸ２が硫黄原子であることが好ましく、Ｘ１及びＸ２が硫黄原子でありＸ３及びＸ４が酸素原子であることがより好ましい。 In general formula (1), X 1 to X 4 each independently represent a sulfur atom or an oxygen atom. Of these, it is preferable that X 1 and X 2 are sulfur atoms, and it is more preferable that X 1 and X 2 are sulfur atoms and X 3 and X 4 are oxygen atoms.
本発明に使用できる基油としては特に制限はなく、使用目的や条件に応じて適宜、鉱物油、化学合成油、動植物油及びこれらの混合油等から選ばれる。ここで、鉱物油としては、例えば、パラフィン基系原油、ナフテン基系原油又は中間基系原油を常圧蒸留するか、或いは常圧蒸留の残渣油を減圧蒸留して得られる留出油又はこれらを常法に従って精製することによって得られる精製油、具体的には溶剤精製油、水添精製油、脱ロウ処理油及び白土処理油等が挙げられる。 There are no particular limitations on the base oil that can be used in the present invention, and it can be appropriately selected from mineral oils, chemically synthesized oils, animal and vegetable oils, and mixtures thereof, depending on the purpose and conditions of use. Here, examples of mineral oils include distillate oils obtained by atmospheric distillation of paraffin-based crude oil, naphthene-based crude oil, or intermediate-based crude oil, or by vacuum distillation of the residual oil from atmospheric distillation, or refined oils obtained by refining these in accordance with conventional methods, specifically solvent refined oils, hydrogenated refined oils, dewaxed oils, and clay-treated oils.
化学合成油としては、例えば、ポリ－α－オレフィン、ポリイソブチレン（ポリブテン）、モノエステル、ジエステル、ポリオールエステル、ケイ酸エステル、ポリアルキレングリコール、ポリフェニルエーテル、シリコーン、フッ素化化合物、アルキルベンゼン及びＧＴＬ基油等が挙げられ、これらの中でも、ポリ－α－オレフィン、ポリイソブチレン（ポリブテン）、ジエステル及びポリオールエステル等は汎用的に使用することができる。ポリ－α－オレフィンとしては例えば、１－ヘキセン、１－オクテン、１－ノネン、１－デセン、１－ドデセン及び１－テトラデセン等をポリマー化又はオリゴマー化したもの、或いはこれらを水素化したもの等が挙げられる。ジエステルとしては例えば、グルタル酸、アジピン酸、アゼライン酸、セバシン酸及びドデカン二酸等の２塩基酸と、２－エチルヘキサノール、オクタノール、デカノール、ドデカノール及びトリデカノール等のアルコールのジエステル等が挙げられる。ポリオールエステルとしては例えば、ネオペンチルグリコール、トリメチロールエタン、トリメチロールプロパン、ペンタエリスリトール、ジペンタエリスリトール及びトリペンタエリスリトール等のポリオールと、カプロン酸、カプリル酸、ラウリン酸、カプリン酸、ミリスチン酸、パルミチン酸、ステアリン酸及びオレイン酸等の脂肪酸とのエステル等が挙げられる。 Examples of chemically synthesized oils include poly-α-olefins, polyisobutylene (polybutene), monoesters, diesters, polyol esters, silicate esters, polyalkylene glycols, polyphenyl ethers, silicones, fluorinated compounds, alkylbenzenes, and GTL base oils. Among these, poly-α-olefins, polyisobutylene (polybutene), diesters, and polyol esters can be used for general purposes. Examples of poly-α-olefins include polymers or oligomers of 1-hexene, 1-octene, 1-nonene, 1-decene, 1-dodecene, and 1-tetradecene, or hydrogenated versions of these. Examples of diesters include dibasic acids such as glutaric acid, adipic acid, azelaic acid, sebacic acid, and dodecanedioic acid, and diesters of alcohols such as 2-ethylhexanol, octanol, decanol, dodecanol, and tridecanol. Examples of polyol esters include esters of polyols such as neopentyl glycol, trimethylolethane, trimethylolpropane, pentaerythritol, dipentaerythritol, and tripentaerythritol with fatty acids such as caproic acid, caprylic acid, lauric acid, capric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, and oleic acid.
動植物油としては、例えば、ヒマシ油、オリーブ油、カカオ脂、ゴマ油、コメヌカ油、サフラワー油、大豆油、ツバキ油、コーン油、ナタネ油、パーム油、パーム核油、ひまわり油、綿実油及びヤシ油等の植物性油脂、牛脂、豚脂、乳脂、魚油及び鯨油等の動物性油脂が挙げられ、これらの１種を用いても２種以上を用いてもよい。また必要に応じ、これらの油を高度に精製し硫黄等の不純物量を低減させた高度精製基油を用いてもよい。 Examples of animal and vegetable oils include vegetable oils such as castor oil, olive oil, cacao butter, sesame oil, rice bran oil, safflower oil, soybean oil, camellia oil, corn oil, rapeseed oil, palm oil, palm kernel oil, sunflower oil, cottonseed oil, and coconut oil, and animal oils such as beef tallow, lard, milk fat, fish oil, and whale oil, and one or more of these may be used. If necessary, highly refined base oils obtained by highly refining these oils to reduce the amount of impurities such as sulfur may be used.
本発明に使用する基油としては、有機モリブデン化合物の溶解分散安定性及び、得られる潤滑油組成物の摩擦摩耗特性並びに粘度特性の観点から、１００℃での動粘度が１．０～７．８ｍｍ２／ｓであることが好ましく、２．０～６．５ｍｍ２／ｓであることがより好ましく、２．５～４．５ｍｍ２／ｓであることが更により好ましい。本発明においては、前述した基油の１種又は２種以上を用いることができるが、２種以上の基油を用いる場合は、その混合基油の粘度が上述した範囲内であることが好ましい。なお本発明において、１００℃での動粘度は、ＪＩＳ Ｋ ２２８３に準拠して測定される値である。 From the viewpoint of the dissolution and dispersion stability of the organic molybdenum compound and the friction and wear properties and viscosity properties of the obtained lubricating oil composition, the base oil used in the present invention preferably has a kinetic viscosity at 100°C of 1.0 to 7.8 mm2 /s, more preferably 2.0 to 6.5 mm2 /s, and even more preferably 2.5 to 4.5 mm2 /s. In the present invention, one or more of the above-mentioned base oils can be used, but when two or more types of base oils are used, it is preferable that the viscosity of the mixed base oil is within the above-mentioned range. In the present invention, the kinetic viscosity at 100°C is a value measured in accordance with JIS K 2283.
本発明の潤滑油組成物中のアクリレート共重合体の含有量は特に限定されないが、有機モリブデン化合物の溶解分散安定性、潤滑油組成物の摩擦摩耗特性、粘度特性等の観点から、例えば、潤滑油組成物全量に対して０．０１～１０．０質量％であることが好ましく、０．０５～６．０質量％であることがより好ましく、０．１０～４．０質量％であることが更により好ましく、０．１５～３．０質量％であることが更により好ましい。 The content of the acrylate copolymer in the lubricating oil composition of the present invention is not particularly limited, but from the viewpoints of the dissolution/dispersion stability of the organic molybdenum compound, the friction/wear properties, and the viscosity properties of the lubricating oil composition, it is preferably 0.01 to 10.0 mass % relative to the total amount of the lubricating oil composition, more preferably 0.05 to 6.0 mass %, even more preferably 0.10 to 4.0 mass %, and even more preferably 0.15 to 3.0 mass %.
本発明の潤滑油組成物中の前記有機モリブデン化合物の含有量は特に限定されないが、摩擦低減効果を発揮すると共に溶解分散安定性に優れる潤滑油組成物を得る観点からは、モリブデン原子換算量で２００～２０００質量ｐｐｍであることが好ましい。潤滑油組成物の摩擦低減効果の観点からは、潤滑油組成物中の前記有機モリブデン化合物の含有量は、モリブデン原子換算量で３００～１８００質量ｐｐｍであることが好ましく、５００～１８００質量ｐｐｍであることがより好ましく、６００～１６００質量ｐｐｍであることが更により好ましい。 The content of the organic molybdenum compound in the lubricating oil composition of the present invention is not particularly limited, but from the viewpoint of obtaining a lubricating oil composition that exerts a friction reducing effect and has excellent dissolution and dispersion stability, it is preferably 200 to 2000 ppm by mass in terms of molybdenum atoms. From the viewpoint of the friction reducing effect of the lubricating oil composition, the content of the organic molybdenum compound in the lubricating oil composition is preferably 300 to 1800 ppm by mass in terms of molybdenum atoms, more preferably 500 to 1800 ppm by mass, and even more preferably 600 to 1600 ppm by mass.
本発明の潤滑油組成物中の、前記アクリレート共重合体の含有量と、前記有機モリブデン化合物に由来するモリブデン原子含有量との比は特に限定されないが、摩擦摩耗特性、粘度特性等に優れる潤滑油組成物を得る観点からは、アクリレート共重合体の含有量と有機モリブデン化合物に由来するモリブデン原子含有量との比が質量比で４００：１～１：１であることが好ましく、２００：１～２：１であることがより好ましく、１００：１～２：１であることが更により好ましく、５０：１～３：１であることが更により好ましい。 The ratio of the content of the acrylate copolymer to the content of molybdenum atoms derived from the organic molybdenum compound in the lubricating oil composition of the present invention is not particularly limited, but from the viewpoint of obtaining a lubricating oil composition having excellent friction and wear properties, viscosity properties, etc., the ratio of the content of the acrylate copolymer to the content of molybdenum atoms derived from the organic molybdenum compound is preferably 400:1 to 1:1 by mass, more preferably 200:1 to 2:1, even more preferably 100:1 to 2:1, and even more preferably 50:1 to 3:1.
本発明の潤滑油組成物は、摩擦特性、摩耗特性、酸化安定性、温度安定性、保存安定性、清浄性、防錆性、腐食防止性、取扱い性等の観点等から、さらに使用目的に応じて公知の添加剤の添加を拒むものではなく、例えば、公知の酸化防止剤、摩擦低減剤、耐摩耗剤、油性向上剤、清浄剤、分散剤、粘度指数向上剤、防錆剤、腐食防止剤、金属不活性化剤、消泡剤等の１種又は２種以上を添加してもよく、これらの添加剤は合計で、潤滑油組成物全量に対し、例えば０．０１～５０質量％の量で含有することができる。 The lubricating oil composition of the present invention may contain known additives depending on the intended use from the viewpoints of friction characteristics, wear characteristics, oxidation stability, temperature stability, storage stability, cleanliness, rust prevention, corrosion prevention, ease of handling, etc. For example, one or more of known antioxidants, friction reducers, anti-wear agents, oiliness improvers, detergents, dispersants, viscosity index improvers, rust inhibitors, corrosion inhibitors, metal deactivators, and antifoaming agents may be added, and these additives may be contained in an amount of, for example, 0.01 to 50 mass% in total based on the total amount of the lubricating oil composition.
酸化防止剤としては、例えば、２，６－ジ－ターシャリブチルフェノール（以下、ターシャリブチルをｔ－ブチルと略記する。）、２，６－ジ－ｔ－ブチル－ｐ－クレゾール、２，６－ジ－ｔ－ブチル－４－メチルフェノール、２，６－ジ－ｔ－ブチル－４－エチルフェノール、２，４－ジメチル－６－ｔ－ブチルフェノール、４，４’－メチレンビス（２，６－ジ－ｔ－ブチルフェノール）、４，４’－ビス（２，６－ジ－ｔ－ブチルフェノール）、４，４’－ビス（２－メチル－６－ｔ－ブチルフェノール）、２，２’－メチレンビス（４－メチル－６－ｔ－ブチルフェノール）、２，２’－メチレンビス（４－エチル－６－ｔ－ブチルフェノール）、４，４’－ブチリデンビス（３－メチル－６－ｔ－ブチルフェノール）、４，４’－イソプロピリデンビス（２，６－ジ－ｔ－ブチルフェノール）、２，２’－メチレンビス（４－メチル－６－シクロヘキシルフェノール）、２，２’－メチレンビス（４－メチル－６－ノニルフェノール）、２，２’－イソブチリデンビス（４，６－ジメチルフェノール）、２，６－ビス（２’－ヒドロキシ－３’－ｔ－ブチル－５’－メチルベンジル）－４－メチルフェノール、３－ｔ－ブチル－４－ヒドロキシアニソール、２－ｔ－ブチル－４－ヒドロキシアニソール、３－（４－ヒドロキシ－３，５－ジ－ｔ－ブチルフェニル）プロピオン酸オクチル、３－（４－ヒドロキシ－３，５－ジ－ｔ－ブチルフェニル）プロピオン酸ステアリル、３－（４－ヒドロキシ－３，５－ジ－ｔ－ブチルフェニル）プロピオン酸オレイル、３－（４－ヒドロキシ－３，５－ジ－ｔ－ブチルフェニル）プロピオン酸ドデシル、３－（４－ヒドロキシ－３，５－ジ－ｔ－ブチルフェニル）プロピオン酸デシル、テトラキス｛３－（４－ヒドロキシ－３，５－ジ－ｔ－ブチルフェニル）プロピオニルオキシメチル｝メタン、３－（４－ヒドロキシ－３，５－ジ－ｔ－ブチルフェニル）プロピオン酸グリセリンモノエステル、３－（４－ヒドロキシ－３，５－ジ－ｔ－ブチルフェニル）プロピオン酸とグリセリンモノオレイルエーテルとのエステル、３－（４－ヒドロキシ－３，５－ジ－ｔ－ブチルフェニル）プロピオン酸ブチレングリコールジエステル、３－（４－ヒドロキシ－３，５－ジ－ｔ－ブチルフェニル）プロピオン酸チオジグリコールジエステル、４，４’－チオビス（３－メチル－６－ｔ－ブチルフェノール）、４，４’－チオビス（２－メチル－６－ｔ－ブチルフェノール）、２，２’－チオビス（４－メチル－６－ｔ－ブチルフェノール）、２，６－ジ－ｔ－ブチル－α－ジメチルアミノ－ｐ－クレゾール、２，６－ジ－ｔ－ブチル－４－（Ｎ，Ｎ’－ジメチルアミノメチルフェノール）、ビス（３，５－ジ－ｔ－ブチル－４－ヒドロキシベンジル）サルファイド、トリス｛（３，５－ジ－ｔ－ブチル－４－ヒドロキシフェニル）プロピオニル－オキシエチル｝イソシアヌレート、トリス（３，５－ジ－ｔ－ブチル－４－ヒドロキシフェニル）イソシアヌレート、１，３，５－トリス（３，５－ジ－ｔ－ブチル－４―ヒドロキシベンジル）イソシアヌレート、ビス｛２－メチル－４－（３－ｎ－アルキルチオプロピオニルオキシ）－５－ｔ－ブチルフェニル｝サルファイド、１，３，５－トリス（４－ｔ－ブチル－３－ヒドロキシ－２，６－ジメチルベンジル）イソシアヌレート、テトラフタロイル－ジ（２，６－ジメチル－４－ｔ－ブチル－３－ヒドロキシベンジルサルファイド）、６－（４－ヒドロキシ－３，５－ジ－ｔ－ブチルアニリノ）－２，４－ビス（オクチルチオ）－１，３，５－トリアジン、２，２－チオ－｛ジエチル－ビス－３－（３，５－ジ－ｔ－ブチル－４－ヒドロキシフェニル）｝プロピオネート、Ｎ，Ｎ’－ヘキサメチレンビス（３，５－ジ－ｔ－ブチル－４－ヒドロキシ－ヒドロシナミド）、３，５－ジ－ｔ－ブチル－４－ヒドロキシ－ベンジル－リン酸ジエステル、ビス（３－メチル－４－ヒドロキシ－５－ｔ－ブチルベンジル）サルファイド、３，９－ビス〔１，１－ジメチル－２－｛β－（３－ｔ－ブチル－４－ヒドロキシ－５－メチルフェニル）プロピオニルオキシ｝エチル〕－２，４，８，１０－テトラオキサスピロ［５，５］ウンデカン、１，１，３－トリス（２－メチル－４－ヒドロキシ－５－ｔ－ブチルフェニル）ブタン、１，３，５－トリメチル－２，４，６－トリス（３，５－ジ－ｔ－ブチル－４－ヒドロキシベンジル）ベンゼン、ビス｛３，３’－ビス－（４’－ヒドロキシ－３’－ｔ－ブチルフェニル）ブチリックアシッド｝グリコールエステル等のフェノール系酸化防止剤；１－ナフチルアミン、フェニル－１－ナフチルアミン、ｐ－オクチルフェニル－１―ナフチルアミン、ｐ－ノニルフェニル－１－ナフチルアミン、ｐ－ドデシルフェニル－１－ナフチルアミン、フェニル－２－ナフチルアミン等のナフチルアミン系酸化防止剤；Ｎ，Ｎ’－ジイソプロピル－ｐ－フェニレンジアミン、Ｎ，Ｎ’－ジイソブチル－ｐ－フェニレンジアミン、Ｎ，Ｎ’－ジフェニル－ｐ－フェニレンジアミン、Ｎ，Ｎ’－ジ－β－ナフチル－ｐ－フェニレンジアミン、Ｎ－フェニル－Ｎ’－イソプロピル－ｐ－フェニレンジアミン、Ｎ－シクロヘキシル－Ｎ’－フェニル－ｐ－フェニレンジアミン、Ｎ－１，３－ジメチルブチル－Ｎ’－フェニル－ｐ－フェニレンジアミン、ジオクチル－ｐ－フェニレンジアミン、フェニルヘキシル－ｐ－フェニレンジアミン、フェニルオクチル－ｐ－フェニレンジアミン等のフェニレンジアミン系酸化防止剤；ジピリジルアミン、ジフェニルアミン、ｐ，ｐ’－ジ－ｎ－ブチルジフェニルアミン、ｐ，ｐ’－ジ－ｔ－ブチルジフェニルアミン、ｐ，ｐ’－ジ－ｔ－ペンチルジフェニルアミン、ｐ，ｐ’－ジオクチルジフェニルアミン、ｐ，ｐ’－ジノニルジフェニルアミン、ｐ，ｐ’－ジデシルジフェニルアミン、ｐ，ｐ’－ジドデシルジフェニルアミン、ｐ，ｐ’－ジスチリルジフェニルアミン、ｐ，ｐ’－ジメトキシジフェニルアミン、４，４’－ビス（４－α，α－ジメチルベンゾイル）ジフェニルアミン、ｐ－イソプロポキシジフェニルアミン、ジピリジルアミン等のジフェニルアミン系酸化防止剤；フェノチアジン、Ｎ－メチルフェノチアジン、Ｎ－エチルフェノチアジン、３，７－ジオクチルフェノチアジン、フェノチアジンカルボン酸エステル、フェノセレナジン等のフェノチアジン系酸化防止剤；亜鉛ジチオホスフェートが挙げられる。これら酸化防止剤の好ましい配合量は、潤滑油組成物全量に対して０．０１～５質量％、より好ましくは０．０５～４質量％である。 Examples of antioxidants include 2,6-di-tertiary butylphenol (hereinafter, tertiary butyl will be abbreviated as t-butyl), 2,6-di-t-butyl-p-cresol, 2,6-di-t-butyl-4-methylphenol, 2,6-di-t-butyl-4-ethylphenol, 2,4-dimethyl-6-t-butylphenol, 4,4'-methylenebis(2,6-di-t-butylphenol), 4,4'-bis(2,6-di-t-butylphenol), 4,4'-bis(2-methyl-6-t-butylphenol), 2,2'-methylenebis(4-methyl-6-t-butylphenol), 2,2'-methylenebis(4-ethyl-6-t-butylphenol), 4,4'-butylidenebis(3-methyl-6-t-butylphenol), 4,4'-isopropyl propylidenebis(2,6-di-t-butylphenol), 2,2'-methylenebis(4-methyl-6-cyclohexylphenol), 2,2'-methylenebis(4-methyl-6-nonylphenol), 2,2'-isobutylidenebis(4,6-dimethylphenol), 2,6-bis(2'-hydroxy-3'-t-butyl-5'-methylbenzyl)-4-methylphenol, 3-t-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole, 2-t-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole, 3-(4-hydroxy-3,5-di-t-butylphenyl)octyl propionate, 3-(4-hydroxy-3,5-di-t-butylphenyl)stearyl propionate, 3-(4-hydroxy-3,5-di-t-butylphenyl)oleyl propionate, 3-(4-hydroxy- 3-(4-hydroxy-3,5-di-t-butylphenyl)propionic acid dodecyl, 3-(4-hydroxy-3,5-di-t-butylphenyl)propionic acid decyl, tetrakis{3-(4-hydroxy-3,5-di-t-butylphenyl)propionyloxymethyl}methane, 3-(4-hydroxy-3,5-di-t-butylphenyl)propionic acid glycerol monoester, 3-(4-hydroxy-3,5-di-t-butylphenyl)propionic acid and glycerol monooleyl ether ester, 3-(4-hydroxy-3,5-di-t-butylphenyl)propionic acid butylene glycol diester, 3-(4-hydroxy-3,5-di-t-butylphenyl)propionic acid thiodiglycol diester, 4,4'-thiobis(3-methyl-6-t-butylphenoxy) 4,4'-thiobis(2-methyl-6-t-butylphenol), 2,2'-thiobis(4-methyl-6-t-butylphenol), 2,6-di-t-butyl-α-dimethylamino-p-cresol, 2,6-di-t-butyl-4-(N,N'-dimethylaminomethylphenol), bis(3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)sulfide, tris{(3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionyl-oxyethyl}isocyanurate, tris(3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)isocyanurate, 1,3,5-tris(3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)isocyanurate, bis{2-methyl-4-(3-n-alkylthiopropionyloxy)-5-t-butyl phenyl}sulfide, 1,3,5-tris(4-t-butyl-3-hydroxy-2,6-dimethylbenzyl)isocyanurate, tetraphthaloyl-di(2,6-dimethyl-4-t-butyl-3-hydroxybenzyl sulfide), 6-(4-hydroxy-3,5-di-t-butylanilino)-2,4-bis(octylthio)-1,3,5-triazine, 2,2-thio-{diethyl-bis-3-(3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)}propionate, N,N'-hexamethylenebis(3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxy-hydrocinamide), 3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxy-benzyl-phosphate diester, bis(3-methyl-4-hydroxy-5-t-butylbenzyl)sulfide, 3,9-bis[ Phenolic antioxidants such as 1,1-dimethyl-2-{β-(3-t-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)propionyloxy}ethyl]-2,4,8,10-tetraoxaspiro[5,5]undecane, 1,1,3-tris(2-methyl-4-hydroxy-5-t-butylphenyl)butane, 1,3,5-trimethyl-2,4,6-tris(3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)benzene, and bis{3,3'-bis-(4'-hydroxy-3'-t-butylphenyl)butyric acid}glycol ester; 1-naphthylamine, phenyl-1-naphthylamine, p-octylphenyl-1-naphthylamine, p-nonylphenyl-1-naphthylamine, p-dodecylphenyl-1-naphthylamine, phenyl-2 naphthylamine-based antioxidants such as -naphthylamine; phenylenediamine-based antioxidants such as N,N'-diisopropyl-p-phenylenediamine, N,N'-diisobutyl-p-phenylenediamine, N,N'-diphenyl-p-phenylenediamine, N,N'-di-β-naphthyl-p-phenylenediamine, N-phenyl-N'-isopropyl-p-phenylenediamine, N-cyclohexyl-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine, N-1,3-dimethylbutyl-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine, dioctyl-p-phenylenediamine, phenylhexyl-p-phenylenediamine, and phenyloctyl-p-phenylenediamine; dipyridylamine, diphenylamine, p,p'-di-n-butyldiphenylamine, p,p'- Examples of the antioxidants include diphenylamine-based antioxidants such as di-t-butyldiphenylamine, p,p'-di-t-pentyldiphenylamine, p,p'-dioctyldiphenylamine, p,p'-dinonyldiphenylamine, p,p'-didecyldiphenylamine, p,p'-didodecyldiphenylamine, p,p'-distyryldiphenylamine, p,p'-dimethoxydiphenylamine, 4,4'-bis(4-α,α-dimethylbenzoyl)diphenylamine, p-isopropoxydiphenylamine, and dipyridylamine; phenothiazine-based antioxidants such as phenothiazine, N-methylphenothiazine, N-ethylphenothiazine, 3,7-dioctylphenothiazine, phenothiazine carboxylic acid ester, and phenoselenazine; and zinc dithiophosphate. The preferred blending amount of these antioxidants is 0.01 to 5 mass%, more preferably 0.05 to 4 mass%, based on the total amount of the lubricating oil composition.
耐摩耗剤としては、例えば、硫化油脂、オレフィンポリスルフィド、硫化オレフィン、ジベンジルスルフィド、エチル－３－［［ビス（１－メチルエトキシ）フォスフィノチオイル］チオ］プロピオネート、トリス－［（２、又は４）－イソアルキルフェノール］チオフォスフェート、３－（ジ－イソブトキシ－チオホスホリルスルファニル）－２－メチル－プロピオン酸、トリフェニルフォスフォロチオネート、β－ジチオホスフォリル化プロピオン酸、メチレンビス（ジブチルジチオカーバメイト）、Ｏ，Ｏ－ジイソプロピル－ジチオフォスフォリルエチルプロピオネート、２，５－ビス（ｎ－ノニルジチオ）－１，３，４－チアジアゾール、２，５－ビス（１，１，３，３－テトラメチルブタンチオ）１，３，４－チアジアゾール、及び２，５－ビス（１，１，３，３－テトラメチルジチオ）－１，３，４－チアジアゾール等の硫黄系添加剤；モノオクチルフォスフェート、ジオクチルフォスフェート、トリオクチルフォスフェート、モノブチルフォスフェート、ジブチルフォスフェート、トリブチルフォスフェート、モノフェニルフォスフェート、ジフェニルフォスフェート、トリフェニルフォスフェート、トリクレジルフォスフェート、モノイソプロピルフェニルフォスフェート、ジイソプロピルフェニルフォスフェート、トリイソプロピルフェニルフォスフェート、モノターシャリーブチルフェニルフォスフェート、ジ－ｔｅｒｔ－ブチルフェニルフォスフェート、トリ－ｔｅｒｔ－ブチルフェニルフォスフェート、トリフェニルチオフォスフェート、モノオクチルフォスファイト、ジオクチルフォスファイト、トリオクチルフォスファイト、モノブチルフォスファイト、ジブチルフォスファイト、トリブチルフォスファイト、モノフェニルフォスファイト、ジフェニルフォスファイト、トリフェニルフォスファイト、モノイソプロピルフェニルフォスファイト、ジイソプロピルフェニルフォスファイト、トリイソプロピルフェニルフォスファイト、モノ－ｔｅｒｔ－ブチルフェニルフォスファイト、ジ－ｔｅｒｔ－ブチルフェニルフォスファイト、及びトリ－ｔｅｒｔ－ブチルフェニルフォスファイト等のリン系化合物；一般式（２）で表されるジチオリン酸亜鉛（ＺｎＤＴＰ）、ジチオリン酸金属塩（Ｓｂ，Ｍｏ等）、ジチオカルバミン酸金属塩（Ｚｎ，Ｓｂ等）、ナフテン酸金属塩、脂肪酸金属塩、リン酸金属塩、リン酸エステル金属塩、及び亜リン酸エステル金属塩等の有機金属化合物；その他、ホウ素化合物、モノ及びジヘキシルフォスフェートのアルキルアミン塩、リン酸エステルアミン塩、及びトリフェニルチオリン酸エステルとｔｅｒｔ－ブチルフェニル誘導体の混合物等が挙げられる。 Anti-wear agents include, for example, sulfurized oils and fats, olefin polysulfides, sulfurized olefins, dibenzyl sulfide, ethyl-3-[[bis(1-methylethoxy)phosphinothioyl]thio]propionate, tris-[(2, or 4)-isoalkylphenol]thiophosphate, 3-(di-isobutoxy-thiophosphorylsulfanyl)-2-methyl-propionic acid, triphenyl phosphorothioate, β-dithiophosphorylated propionic acid, methylene bis(dibutyldithiocarbamate), O,O-diisopropyl-dithiophosphoryl ethyl propionate, 2,5-bis(n-nonyldithio)-1,3,4- Sulfur-based additives such as thiadiazole, 2,5-bis(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutanethio)-1,3,4-thiadiazole, and 2,5-bis(1,1,3,3-tetramethyldithio)-1,3,4-thiadiazole; monooctyl phosphate, dioctyl phosphate, trioctyl phosphate, monobutyl phosphate, dibutyl phosphate, tributyl phosphate, monophenyl phosphate, diphenyl phosphate, triphenyl phosphate, tricresyl phosphate, monoisopropyl phenyl phosphate, diisopropyl phenyl phosphate, triisopropyl phenyl phosphate, phosphate, mono-tertiary butylphenyl phosphate, di-tert-butylphenyl phosphate, tri-tert-butylphenyl phosphate, triphenylthiophosphate, monooctyl phosphite, dioctyl phosphite, trioctyl phosphite, monobutyl phosphite, dibutyl phosphite, tributyl phosphite, monophenyl phosphite, diphenyl phosphite, triphenyl phosphite, monoisopropylphenyl phosphite, diisopropylphenyl phosphite, triisopropylphenyl phosphite, mono-tert-butyl phosphorus compounds such as diphenyl phosphite, di-tert-butylphenyl phosphite, and tri-tert-butylphenyl phosphite; organometallic compounds such as zinc dithiophosphate (ZnDTP) represented by general formula (2), metal dithiophosphates (Sb, Mo, etc.), metal dithiocarbamates (Zn, Sb, etc.), metal naphthenates, metal fatty acid salts, metal phosphates, metal phosphate esters, and metal phosphites; and boron compounds, alkylamine salts of mono- and dihexyl phosphates, amine salts of phosphate esters, and mixtures of triphenylthiophosphate and tert-butylphenyl derivatives.
上記一般式（２）において、Ｒ５～Ｒ８は、それぞれ独立して炭素数１～２０の炭化水素基を表し、こうした基としては、例えば、メチル基、エチル基、プロピル基、ブチル基、ペンチル基、ヘキシル基、ヘプチル基、オクチル基、ノニル基、デシル基、ウンデシル基、ドデシル基、トリデシル基、テトラデシル基、ペンタデシル基、ヘキサデシル基、ヘプタデシル基、オクタデシル基、ノナデシル基、及びイコシル基等の１級アルキル基；２級プロピル基、２級ブチル基、２級ペンチル基、２級ヘキシル基、２級ヘプチル基、２級オクチル基、２級ノニル基、２級デシル基、２級ウンデシル基、２級ドデシル基、２級トリデシル基、２級テトラデシル基、２級ペンタデシル基、２級ヘキサデシル基、２級ヘプタデシル基、２級オクタデシル基、２級ノナデシル基、及び２級イコシル基等の２級アルキル基；３級ブチル基、３級ペンチル基、３級ヘキシル基、３級ヘプチル基、３級オクチル基、３級ノニル基、３級デシル基、３級ウンデシル基、３級ドデシル基、３級トリデシル基、３級テトラデシル基、３級ペンタデシル基、３級ヘキサデシル基、３級ヘプタデシル基、３級オクタデシル基、３級ノナデシル基、及び３級イコシル基等の３級アルキル基；分岐ブチル基（イソブチル基等）、分岐ペンチル基（イソペンチル基等）、分岐ヘキシル基（イソヘキシル基）、分岐ヘプチル基（イソヘプチル基）、分岐オクチル基（イソオクチル基、２－エチルヘキシル基等）、分岐ノニル基（イソノニル基等）、分岐デシル基（イソデシル基等）、分岐ウンデシル基（イソウンデシル基等）、分岐ドデシル基（イソドデシル基等）、分岐トリデシル基（イソトリデシル基等）、分岐テトラデシル基（イソテトラデシル基）、分岐ペンタデシル基（イソペンタデシル基等）、分岐ヘキサデシル基（イソヘキサデシル基）、分岐ヘプタデシル基（イソヘプタデシル基等）、分岐オクタデシル基（イソオクタデシル基等）、分岐ノナデシル基（イソノナデシル基等）、及び分岐イコシル基（イソイコシル基等）等の分岐アルキル基；フェニル基、トルイル基、キシリル基、クメニル基、メシチル基、ベンジル基、フェネチル基、スチリル基、シンナミル基、ベンズヒドリル基、トリチル基、エチルフェニル基、プロピルフェニル基、ブチルフェニル基、ペンチルフェニル基、ヘキシルフェニル基、ヘプチルフェニル基、オクチルフェニル基、ノニルフェニル基、デシルフェニル基、ウンデシルフェニル基、ドデシルフェニル基、スチレン化フェニル基、ｐ－クミルフェニル基、フェニルフェニル基、及びベンジルフェニル基等のアリール基等が挙げられる。これら摩耗防止剤の好ましい配合量は、潤滑油組成物全量に対して０．０１～３質量％、より好ましくは０．０５～２質量％である。 In the above general formula (2), R 5 to R 8 each independently represent a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, and examples of such groups include primary alkyl groups such as a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, a butyl group, a pentyl group, a hexyl group, a heptyl group, an octyl group, a nonyl group, a decyl group, an undecyl group, a dodecyl group, a tridecyl group, a tetradecyl group, a pentadecyl group, a hexadecyl group, a heptadecyl group, an octadecyl group, a nonadecyl group, and an icosyl group; secondary alkyl groups such as tetradecyl group, secondary pentadecyl group, secondary hexadecyl group, secondary heptadecyl group, secondary octadecyl group, secondary nonadecyl group, and secondary icosyl group; tertiary alkyl groups such as tertiary butyl group, tertiary pentyl group, tertiary hexyl group, tertiary heptyl group, tertiary octyl group, tertiary nonyl group, tertiary decyl group, tertiary undecyl group, tertiary dodecyl group, tertiary tridecyl group, tertiary tetradecyl group, tertiary pentadecyl group, tertiary hexadecyl group, tertiary heptadecyl group, tertiary octadecyl group, tertiary nonadecyl group, and tertiary icosyl group; branched butyl group (isobutyl group, etc.), branched pentyl group (isopentyl group, etc.), branched hexyl group (isopentyl group, etc.), branched heptyl group (isohexyl group), branched octyl group (isooctyl group, 2-ethylhexyl group, etc.), branched nonyl group (isononyl group, etc.), branched decyl group (isodecyl group, etc.), branched undecyl group (isoundecyl group, etc.), branched dodecyl group (isododecyl group, etc.), branched tridecyl group (isotridecyl group, etc.), branched tetradecyl group (isotetradecyl group), branched pentadecyl group (isopentadecyl group, etc.), branched hexadecyl group (isohexadecyl group), branched heptadecyl group (isoheptadecyl group, etc.), branched octadecyl group (isooctadecyl group, etc.), branched nonadecyl group (isononade branched alkyl groups such as cyclohexyl groups (cyclohexyl groups, etc.) and branched icosyl groups (isoicosyl groups, etc.); and aryl groups such as phenyl, toluyl, xylyl, cumenyl, mesityl, benzyl, phenethyl, styryl, cinnamyl, benzhydryl, trityl, ethylphenyl, propylphenyl, butylphenyl, pentylphenyl, hexylphenyl, heptylphenyl, octylphenyl, nonylphenyl, decylphenyl, undecylphenyl, dodecylphenyl, styrenated phenyl, p-cumylphenyl, phenylphenyl, and benzylphenyl. The amount of these antiwear agents to be blended is preferably 0.01 to 3 mass %, more preferably 0.05 to 2 mass %, based on the total amount of the lubricating oil composition.
油性向上剤としては、例えば、オレイルアルコール、ステアリルアルコール等の高級アルコール類；オレイン酸、ステアリン酸等の脂肪酸類；オレイルグリセリンエステル、ステアリルグリセリンエステル、ラウリルグリセリンエステル等のエステル類；ラウリルアミド、オレイルアミド、ステアリルアミド等のアミド類；ラウリルアミン、オレイルアミン、ステアリルアミン等のアミン類；ラウリルグリセリンエーテル、オレイルグリセリンエーテル等のエーテル類が挙げられる。これら油性向上剤の好ましい配合量は、潤滑油組成物全量に対して０．１～５質量％、より好ましくは０．２～３質量％である。 Examples of oiliness improvers include higher alcohols such as oleyl alcohol and stearyl alcohol; fatty acids such as oleic acid and stearic acid; esters such as oleyl glycerin ester, stearyl glycerin ester, and lauryl glycerin ester; amides such as laurylamide, oleylamide, and stearylamide; amines such as laurylamine, oleylamine, and stearylamine; and ethers such as lauryl glycerin ether and oleyl glycerin ether. The preferred amount of these oiliness improvers is 0.1 to 5 mass %, more preferably 0.2 to 3 mass %, based on the total amount of the lubricating oil composition.
清浄剤としては、例えば、カルシウム、マグネシウム、バリウムなどのスルフォネート、フェネート、サリシレート、フォスフェート及びこれらの過塩基性塩が挙げられる。これらの中でも、ＴＢＮ（全塩基価）が３０～５００ｍｇＫＯＨ／ｇの清浄剤が好ましい。清浄剤の好ましい配合量は、潤滑油組成物全量に対して０．５～１０質量％、より好ましくは１～８質量％である。また、潤滑油組成物中の清浄剤に由来するカルシウム原子含有量は特に限定されないが、清浄性等の観点から、潤滑油組成物中の清浄剤に由来するカルシウム原子含有量は１００～３０００質量ｐｐｍであることが好ましく、２００～２５００質量ｐｐｍであることが好ましい。また、潤滑油組成物中の清浄剤に由来するマグネシウム原子含有量は特に限定されないが、清浄性等の観点から、潤滑油組成物中の清浄剤に由来するマグネシウム原子含有量は５０～２０００質量ｐｐｍであることが好ましく、１００～１０００質量ｐｐｍであることが好ましい。 Examples of detergents include sulfonates, phenates, salicylates, phosphates, and overbased salts of calcium, magnesium, barium, etc. Among these, detergents with a TBN (total base number) of 30 to 500 mgKOH/g are preferred. The preferred blending amount of detergent is 0.5 to 10 mass%, more preferably 1 to 8 mass%, based on the total amount of the lubricating oil composition. The calcium atom content derived from the detergent in the lubricating oil composition is not particularly limited, but from the viewpoint of cleanliness, etc., the calcium atom content derived from the detergent in the lubricating oil composition is preferably 100 to 3000 mass ppm, and more preferably 200 to 2500 mass ppm. The magnesium atom content derived from the detergent in the lubricating oil composition is not particularly limited, but from the viewpoint of cleanliness, etc., the magnesium atom content derived from the detergent in the lubricating oil composition is preferably 50 to 2000 mass ppm, and more preferably 100 to 1000 mass ppm.
無灰分散剤としては、潤滑剤に用いられる任意の無灰分散剤であれば特に制限なく用いることができるが、例えば、炭素数４０～４００の直鎖、若しくは分枝状のアルキル基、又はアルケニル基を分子中に少なくとも１個有する含窒素化合物、又はその誘導体等が挙げられる。具体的には、コハク酸イミド、コハク酸アミド、コハク酸エステル、コハク酸エステル－アミド、ベンジルアミン、ポリアミン、ポリコハク酸イミド及びマンニッヒ塩基等が挙げられ、その誘導体としては、これら含窒素化合物にホウ酸、ホウ酸塩等のホウ素化合物、チオリン酸、チオリン酸塩等のリン化合物、有機酸及びヒドロキシポリオキシアルキレンカーボネート等を作用させたもの等が挙げられる。アルキル基又はアルケニル基の炭素数が４０未満の場合は化合物の基油に対する溶解性が低下する場合があり、一方、アルキル基又はアルケニル基の炭素数が４００を越える場合は、潤滑油組成物の低温流動性が悪化する場合がある。これらの無灰分散剤の好ましい配合量は、潤滑油組成物全量に対して０．５～１０質量％、より好ましくは１～８質量％である。 The ashless dispersant may be any ashless dispersant used in lubricants, without any particular restrictions. Examples of such dispersants include nitrogen-containing compounds having at least one linear or branched alkyl or alkenyl group having 40 to 400 carbon atoms in the molecule, or derivatives thereof. Specific examples include succinimide, succinic acid amide, succinic acid ester, succinic acid ester-amide, benzylamine, polyamine, polysuccinimide, and Mannich bases, and derivatives thereof include those obtained by reacting these nitrogen-containing compounds with boron compounds such as boric acid and borates, phosphorus compounds such as thiophosphoric acid and thiophosphates, organic acids, and hydroxypolyoxyalkylene carbonates. If the number of carbon atoms in the alkyl or alkenyl group is less than 40, the solubility of the compound in the base oil may decrease, while if the number of carbon atoms in the alkyl or alkenyl group is more than 400, the low-temperature fluidity of the lubricating oil composition may deteriorate. The preferred amount of these ashless dispersants is 0.5 to 10 mass % of the total amount of the lubricating oil composition, and more preferably 1 to 8 mass %.
防錆剤としては、例えば、亜硝酸ナトリウム、酸化パラフィンワックスカルシウム塩、酸化パラフィンワックスマグネシウム塩、牛脂脂肪酸アルカリ金属塩、アルカリ土類金属塩又はアミン塩、アルケニルコハク酸又はアルケニルコハク酸ハーフエステル（アルケニル基の分子量は１００～３００程度）、ソルビタンモノエステル、ノニルフェノールエトキシレート、ラノリン脂肪酸カルシウム塩等が挙げられる。これらの防錆剤の好ましい配合量は、潤滑油組成物全量に対して０．０１～３質量％、より好ましくは０．０２～２質量％である。 Examples of rust inhibitors include sodium nitrite, oxidized paraffin wax calcium salt, oxidized paraffin wax magnesium salt, tallow fatty acid alkali metal salt, alkaline earth metal salt or amine salt, alkenylsuccinic acid or alkenylsuccinic acid half ester (molecular weight of the alkenyl group is about 100 to 300), sorbitan monoester, nonylphenol ethoxylate, lanolin fatty acid calcium salt, etc. The preferred amount of these rust inhibitors is 0.01 to 3 mass %, more preferably 0.02 to 2 mass %, based on the total amount of the lubricating oil composition.
腐食防止剤、金属不活性化剤としては、例えば、トリアゾール、トリルトリアゾール、ベンゾトリアゾール、ベンゾイミダゾール、ベンゾチアゾール、ベンゾチアジアゾール又はこれら化合物の誘導体である、２－ヒドロキシ－Ｎ－（１Ｈ－１，２，４－トリアゾール－３－イル）ベンズアミド、Ｎ，Ｎ－ビス（２－エチルヘキシル）－［（１，２，４－トリアゾール－１－イル）メチル］アミン、Ｎ，Ｎ－ビス（２－エチルヘキシル）－［（１，２，４－トリアゾール－１－イル）メチル］アミン及び２，２’－［［（４又は５又は１）－（２－エチルヘキシル）－メチル－１Ｈ－ベンゾトリアゾール－１－メチル］イミノ］ビスエタノール等が挙げられ、他にもビス（ポリ－２－カルボキシエチル）ホスフィン酸、ヒドロキシホスホノ酢酸、テトラアルキルチウラムジサルファイド、Ｎ’１，Ｎ’１２－ビス（２－ヒドロキシベンゾイル）ドデカンジハイドラジド、３－（３，５－ジ－ｔ－ブチル－ヒドロキシフェニル）－Ｎ’－（３－（３，５－ジ－ｔｅｒｔ－ブチル－ヒドロキシフェニル）プロパノイル）プロパンハイドラジド、テトラプロぺニルコハク酸と１，２－プロパンジオールのエステル化物、ジソディウムセバケート、（４－ノニルフェノキシ）酢酸、モノ及びジヘキシルフォスフェートのアルキルアミン塩、トリルトリアゾールのナトリウム塩及び（Ｚ）－Ｎ－メチルＮ－（１－オキソ９－オクタデセニル）グリシン等が挙げられる。これら腐食防止剤、金属不活性化剤の好ましい配合量は、潤滑油組成物全量に対して０．０１～３質量％、より好ましくは０．０２～２質量％である。 Examples of corrosion inhibitors and metal deactivators include triazole, tolyltriazole, benzotriazole, benzimidazole, benzothiazole, benzothiadiazole, and derivatives of these compounds, such as 2-hydroxy-N-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)benzamide, N,N-bis(2-ethylhexyl)-[(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)methyl]amine, N,N-bis(2-ethylhexyl)-[(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)methyl]amine, and 2,2'-[[(4 or 5 or 1)-(2-ethylhexyl)-methyl-1H-benzotriazol-1-methyl]imino]bisethanol, and other bis(poly- 2-carboxyethyl)phosphinic acid, hydroxyphosphonoacetic acid, tetraalkylthiuram disulfide, N'1,N'12-bis(2-hydroxybenzoyl)dodecane dihydrazide, 3-(3,5-di-t-butyl-hydroxyphenyl)-N'-(3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-hydroxyphenyl)propanoyl)propanehydrazide, ester of tetrapropenylsuccinic acid and 1,2-propanediol, disodium sebacate, (4-nonylphenoxy)acetic acid, alkylamine salts of mono- and dihexyl phosphate, sodium salt of tolyltriazole, and (Z)-N-methyl-N-(1-oxo-9-octadecenyl)glycine. The preferred amount of these corrosion inhibitors and metal deactivators is 0.01 to 3 mass %, more preferably 0.02 to 2 mass %, based on the total amount of the lubricating oil composition.
消泡剤としては、例えば、ポリジメチルシリコーン、ジメチルシリコーンオイル、トリフルオロプロピルメチルシリコーン、コロイダルシリカ、アルコールエトキシ／プロポキシレート、脂肪酸エトキシ／プロポキシレート及びソルビタン部分脂肪酸エステル等が挙げられる。これらの消泡剤の好ましい配合量は、潤滑油組成物全量に対して０．００１～０．１質量％、より好ましくは０．００１～０．０１質量％である。 Examples of antifoaming agents include polydimethyl silicone, dimethyl silicone oil, trifluoropropylmethyl silicone, colloidal silica, alcohol ethoxy/propoxylate, fatty acid ethoxy/propoxylate, and sorbitan partial fatty acid ester. The preferred amount of these antifoaming agents is 0.001 to 0.1 mass %, more preferably 0.001 to 0.01 mass %, based on the total amount of the lubricating oil composition.
本発明の潤滑油組成物は、摩擦摩耗特性及び省燃費性の観点から、１００℃での動粘度が１．０～８．３ｍｍ２／ｓであることが好ましく、２．０～７．８ｍｍ２／ｓであることがより好ましく、２．５～６．５ｍｍ２／ｓであることが更により好ましい。 From the viewpoints of friction and wear characteristics and fuel economy, the lubricating oil composition of the present invention preferably has a kinetic viscosity at 100° C. of 1.0 to 8.3 mm 2 /s, more preferably 2.0 to 7.8 mm 2 /s, and even more preferably 2.5 to 6.5 mm 2 /s.
本発明の潤滑油組成物は、車両用潤滑油（例えば、自動車やオートバイ等のガソリンエンジン油、ディーゼルエンジン油等）、工業用潤滑油（例えば、ギヤ油、タービン油、油膜軸受油、冷凍機用潤滑油、真空ポンプ油、圧縮用潤滑油、多目的潤滑油等）等に使用することができる。中でも、本発明の潤滑油組成物は、摩擦摩耗特性及び諸特定の観点から、車両用潤滑油に好適に使用することができる。 The lubricating oil composition of the present invention can be used as a vehicle lubricating oil (e.g., gasoline engine oil, diesel engine oil, etc. for automobiles and motorcycles), industrial lubricating oil (e.g., gear oil, turbine oil, oil film bearing oil, refrigeration lubricating oil, vacuum pump oil, compression lubricating oil, multi-purpose lubricating oil, etc.). In particular, the lubricating oil composition of the present invention can be suitably used as a vehicle lubricating oil from the viewpoints of friction and wear characteristics and various specific points of view.
本発明の有機モリブデン化合物の基油への溶解分散安定性を向上させる方法は、上述したアクリレート共重合体を、下記の一般式（１）で表される有機モリブデン化合物を含む基油に添加する方法である。 The method for improving the dissolution and dispersion stability of the organic molybdenum compound of the present invention in a base oil is to add the above-mentioned acrylate copolymer to a base oil containing an organic molybdenum compound represented by the following general formula (1).
（式中、Ｒ１～Ｒ４はそれぞれ独立して炭素数４～１８の炭化水素基を表し、Ｘ１～Ｘ４はそれぞれ独立して酸素原子又は硫黄原子を表す。）
なお、Ｒ１～Ｒ４及びＸ１～Ｘ４の具体的な説明は上述の通りである。
(In the formula, R 1 to R 4 each independently represent a hydrocarbon group having 4 to 18 carbon atoms, and X 1 to X 4 each independently represent an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom.)
The specific explanations of R 1 to R 4 and X 1 to X 4 are as described above.
本発明に用いることができるアクリレート共重合体、有機モリブデン化合物、基油としては、それぞれ上述したものを用いることができる。また、本発明におけるアクリレート共重合体、有機モリブデン化合物、基油の配合量等についても、上述した潤滑油組成物の配合条件と同様の条件とすることができる。 The acrylate copolymer, organic molybdenum compound, and base oil that can be used in the present invention are the same as those described above. The blending amounts of the acrylate copolymer, organic molybdenum compound, and base oil in the present invention can be the same as the blending conditions for the lubricating oil composition described above.
本発明の有機モリブデン化合物の基油への溶解分散安定性を向上させる方法における、上述したアクリレート共重合体を、下記の一般式（１）で表される有機モリブデン化合物を含む基油に添加する際の添加方法及び添加条件は特に限定されないが、例えば、基油の温度が常温～１２０℃で添加し、必要に応じて撹拌混合する方法等が挙げられる。 In the method of the present invention for improving the dissolution and dispersion stability of an organic molybdenum compound in a base oil, the method and conditions for adding the above-mentioned acrylate copolymer to a base oil containing an organic molybdenum compound represented by the following general formula (1) are not particularly limited, but examples include a method in which the copolymer is added when the base oil temperature is between room temperature and 120°C, and mixed by stirring as necessary.
本発明の有機モリブデン化合物の基油への溶解分散安定性を向上させる方法の使用態様は特に限定されないが、例えば、有機モリブデン化合物及び基油を含有する潤滑油、燃料油、作動油、金属加工油、グリース等に好適に使用される。これらの中でも、有機モリブデン化合物及び基油を含有する潤滑油に用いることが好ましい。本発明によれば、有機モリブデン化合物を基油に配合した場合（基油中に有機モリブデン化合物を溶解及び／又は分散させた場合）に、低温環境下など有機モリブデン化合物が沈殿・析出しやすい環境下においてもその沈殿・析出を防ぐことができ、よって潤滑油組成物の取り扱い性の向上や、潤滑油組成物の摩擦特性等の特性を良好に保つことができる。 The method of the present invention for improving the dissolution and dispersion stability of an organic molybdenum compound in a base oil may be used in any manner, but is suitable for use in, for example, lubricating oils, fuel oils, hydraulic oils, metal processing oils, greases, etc., containing an organic molybdenum compound and a base oil. Among these, it is preferable to use the method in lubricating oils containing an organic molybdenum compound and a base oil. According to the present invention, when an organic molybdenum compound is blended with a base oil (when an organic molybdenum compound is dissolved and/or dispersed in a base oil), precipitation or deposition of the organic molybdenum compound can be prevented even in an environment where the organic molybdenum compound is likely to precipitate or deposit, such as a low-temperature environment, thereby improving the handleability of the lubricating oil composition and maintaining good properties such as the frictional properties of the lubricating oil composition.
また、本発明の有機モリブデン化合物の基油への溶解分散安定性を向上させる方法によれば、上述したアクリレート共重合体を有機モリブデン化合物の溶解分散安定化剤として用いることができる。上述したアクリレート共重合体の有機モリブデン化合物の溶解分散安定化剤としての使用態様は特に限定されないが、例えば、潤滑油添加剤、燃料油添加剤、作動油添加剤、金属加工油添加剤、グリース添加剤等として好適に使用される。これらの中でも、潤滑油用添加剤として用いることが好ましい。 In addition, according to the method of the present invention for improving the dissolution and dispersion stability of an organic molybdenum compound in a base oil, the above-mentioned acrylate copolymer can be used as a dissolution and dispersion stabilizer for an organic molybdenum compound. The manner in which the above-mentioned acrylate copolymer is used as a dissolution and dispersion stabilizer for an organic molybdenum compound is not particularly limited, but it is preferably used, for example, as a lubricating oil additive, a fuel oil additive, a hydraulic oil additive, a metal working oil additive, a grease additive, etc. Among these, it is preferably used as an additive for lubricating oil.
以下、本発明を実施例により、具体的に説明するが、本発明は、これらの例によってなんら限定されるものではない。 The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.
＜実施例１＞
反応容器中に、溶媒としてエチレングリコールメチルエーテル１００ｇ、高度精製鉱物油（１００℃動粘度３．１２ｍｍ２／ｓ、粘度指数１１２）１００ｇを投入し、１１０℃に昇温した。そこに、アルキルアクリレート（ａ）としてエチルアクリレート（アルキルアクリレート（ａ－１））１５．１５ｇ（０．１５１モル）、アルキルアクリレート（ｂ）としてラウリルアクリレート（アルキルアクリレート（ｂ－１））８４．８５ｇ（０．３５３モル）、２，２－アゾビスイソブチロニトリル０．８２８ｇを滴下し、４時間攪拌することで重合反応を行い、アクリレート共重合体１を製造した。その後、１１５～１２５℃に昇温しながら減圧（０．２～１．０ｋＰａ）することでエチレングリコールメチルエーテルを除去し、アクリレート共重合体溶液を調製した。得られたアクリレート共重合体中の構成単量体の構成比率（モル比）及び得られたアクリレート共重合体の重量平均分子量を表１に示す。
Example 1
Into a reaction vessel, 100 g of ethylene glycol methyl ether and 100 g of highly refined mineral oil (100° C. kinetic viscosity 3.12 mm 2 /s, viscosity index 112) were charged as a solvent, and the temperature was raised to 110° C. Then, 15.15 g (0.151 mol) of ethyl acrylate (alkyl acrylate (a-1)) as alkyl acrylate (a), 84.85 g (0.353 mol) of lauryl acrylate (alkyl acrylate (b-1)) as alkyl acrylate (b), and 0.828 g of 2,2-azobisisobutyronitrile were dropped thereinto, and the mixture was stirred for 4 hours to carry out a polymerization reaction, thereby producing an acrylate copolymer 1. Thereafter, the ethylene glycol methyl ether was removed by reducing the pressure (0.2 to 1.0 kPa) while raising the temperature to 115 to 125° C., and an acrylate copolymer solution was prepared. Table 1 shows the composition ratio (molar ratio) of the constituent monomers in the obtained acrylate copolymer and the weight average molecular weight of the obtained acrylate copolymer.
なお、上記１００℃動粘度は、Ａｎｔｏｎ Ｐａａｒ社製のｓｔａｂｉｎｇｅｒ ｖｉｓｃｏｍｅｔｅｒ 「ＳＶＭ ３０００」を用いてＪＩＳ Ｋ ２２８３に準拠して測定された。また、アクリレート共重合体の重量平均分子量は、テトラヒドロフランを溶媒としたＧＰＣの測定結果からポリスチレン換算で算出した。 The 100°C kinetic viscosity was measured in accordance with JIS K 2283 using an Anton Paar stabinger viscometer "SVM 3000." The weight average molecular weight of the acrylate copolymer was calculated in polystyrene equivalent from the results of GPC measurement using tetrahydrofuran as the solvent.
＜実施例２～４、比較例１～８＞
構成単量体の種類及び構成比率をそれぞれ表１の通りに変更（実施例２及び４は、さらにオクタンチオールを構成単量体全モル数に対して２モル％添加）した以外は実施例１に記載の方法と同様の方法により、本発明のアクリレート共重合体２～４及び比較例のアクリレート共重合体Ａ～Ｈを製造した。得られたアクリレート共重合体の重量平均分子量を表１に示す。
<Examples 2 to 4, Comparative Examples 1 to 8>
Acrylate copolymers 2 to 4 of the present invention and acrylate copolymers A to H of comparative examples were produced in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the types and ratios of the constituent monomers were changed as shown in Table 1 (in Examples 2 and 4, octanethiol was further added at 2 mol % based on the total moles of the constituent monomers). The weight average molecular weights of the obtained acrylate copolymers are shown in Table 1.
＜実施例５＞
基油１（１００℃動粘度３．２ｍｍ２／ｓ、粘度指数１５４の化学合成油ベースのエンジンオイル）に、実施例１で製造したアクリレート共重合体（アクリレート共重合体１）を１．０質量％、有機モリブデン化合物１（一般式（１）において、Ｒ１、Ｒ２が炭素数８のアルキル基であり、Ｒ３、Ｒ４が炭素数１３のアルキル基であり、Ｘ１、Ｘ２が硫黄原子であり、Ｘ３、Ｘ４が酸素原子であるモリブデンジチオカルバメート）をモリブデン原子換算量で８００質量ｐｐｍ添加し、８０℃で１０分間混合することで潤滑油組成物を調製した。
Example 5
A lubricating oil composition was prepared by adding 1.0 mass% of the acrylate copolymer produced in Example 1 (acrylate copolymer 1) and 800 mass ppm of organic molybdenum compound 1 (molybdenum dithiocarbamate represented by general formula (1), in which R1 and R2 are alkyl groups having 8 carbon atoms, R3 and R4 are alkyl groups having 13 carbon atoms, X1 and X2 are sulfur atoms, and X3 and X4 are oxygen atoms) to base oil 1 (a chemically synthetic oil-based engine oil having a 100°C kinematic viscosity of 3.2 mm2/s and a viscosity index of 154), and mixing the mixture at 80°C for 10 minutes.
＜実施例６～８、比較例９～１５＞
潤滑油組成物の配合条件を表２の通りにそれぞれ変更した以外は、実施例５と同様の方法により潤滑油組成物を調製した。表２において、有機モリブデン化合物１の配合量は、モリブデン原子換算量を表す。
<Examples 6 to 8, Comparative Examples 9 to 15>
Lubricating oil compositions were prepared in the same manner as in Example 5, except that the blending conditions for the lubricating oil compositions were changed as shown in Table 2. In Table 2, the blending amount of organic molybdenum compound 1 is expressed in terms of molybdenum atom.
＜溶解分散安定性の評価（１）＞
実施例５～８、比較例９～１５で調製した潤滑油組成物について、下記の方法により溶解分散安定性を評価した。具体的には、透明容器に入れた各潤滑油組成物を－５℃の環境下に静置し、１日後の潤滑油組成物の目視での観察結果を下記基準に基づき評価することで、溶解分散安定性を評価した。評価結果を表２に示す。
<Evaluation of Dissolution/Dispersion Stability (1)>
The lubricating oil compositions prepared in Examples 5 to 8 and Comparative Examples 9 to 15 were evaluated for dissolution and dispersion stability by the following method. Specifically, each lubricating oil composition was placed in a transparent container and left to stand in an environment at -5°C, and the results of visual observation of the lubricating oil composition after one day were evaluated according to the following criteria to evaluate the dissolution and dispersion stability. The evaluation results are shown in Table 2.
＜溶解分散安定性の評価基準＞
◎：沈殿物や析出物は観察されなかった
○：沈殿物や析出物がわずかに観察されたが、取扱い性に影響はない
×：沈殿物や析出物が容器底部に堆積しており、取扱い性に乏しい
<Evaluation Criteria for Dissolution/Dispersion Stability>
◎: No precipitate or deposit was observed. ○: A small amount of precipitate or deposit was observed, but it did not affect handling. ×: Precipitate or deposit was accumulated at the bottom of the container, making handling difficult.
＜実施例９～１４、比較例１６～１９＞
潤滑油組成物の配合条件を表３の通りにそれぞれ変更した以外は、実施例５と同様の方法により潤滑油組成物を調製した。なお比較例１８、１９に使用した共重合体Ｉは、通常粘度指数向上剤として用いられるポリメタクリレート系共重合体（炭素数１５～３０のアルキル基を有するアルキルメタクリレートの共重合体、重量平均分子量２１０，０００）を表す。表３において、有機モリブデン化合物１の配合量は、モリブデン原子換算量を表す。
<Examples 9 to 14, Comparative Examples 16 to 19>
Lubricating oil compositions were prepared in the same manner as in Example 5, except that the compounding conditions for the lubricating oil compositions were changed as shown in Table 3. Copolymer I used in Comparative Examples 18 and 19 represents a polymethacrylate-based copolymer (a copolymer of alkyl methacrylate having an alkyl group having 15 to 30 carbon atoms, weight average molecular weight 210,000) that is usually used as a viscosity index improver. In Table 3, the compounding amount of organic molybdenum compound 1 represents the amount converted into molybdenum atoms.
＜溶解分散安定性の評価（２）＞
実施例９～１４、比較例１６～１９で調製した潤滑油組成物について、下記の方法により溶解分散安定性を評価した。具体的には、各潤滑油組成物を０℃の環境下に静置し、７日後の潤滑油組成物の目視での観察結果を前述の溶解分散安定性の評価基準に基づき評価することで、溶解分散安定性を評価した。評価結果を表３に示す。
<Evaluation of Dissolution/Dispersion Stability (2)>
The lubricating oil compositions prepared in Examples 9 to 14 and Comparative Examples 16 to 19 were evaluated for dissolution and dispersion stability by the following method. Specifically, each lubricating oil composition was left to stand in an environment at 0°C, and the results of visual observation of the lubricating oil composition after 7 days were evaluated based on the above-mentioned evaluation criteria for dissolution and dispersion stability, thereby evaluating the dissolution and dispersion stability. The evaluation results are shown in Table 3.
＜実施例１５～１９、比較例２０＞
潤滑油組成物の配合条件を表４の通りにそれぞれ変更した以外は、実施例５と同様の方法により潤滑油組成物を調製した。表４において、有機モリブデン化合物１の配合量は、モリブデン原子換算質量を表す。
<Examples 15 to 19, Comparative Example 20>
Lubricating oil compositions were prepared in the same manner as in Example 5, except that the blending conditions for the lubricating oil compositions were changed as shown in Table 4. In Table 4, the blending amount of organic molybdenum compound 1 is expressed in terms of molybdenum atom mass.
＜溶解分散安定性の評価（３）＞
実施例１５～１９、比較例２０で調製した潤滑油組成物について、下記の方法により溶解分散安定性を評価した。具体的には、各潤滑油組成物を－２０℃の環境下に静置し、７日後の潤滑油組成物の目視での観察結果を前述の溶解分散安定性の評価基準に基づき評価することで、溶解分散安定性を評価した。評価結果を表４に示す。
<Evaluation of Dissolution/Dispersion Stability (3)>
The lubricating oil compositions prepared in Examples 15 to 19 and Comparative Example 20 were evaluated for dissolution and dispersion stability by the following method. Specifically, each lubricating oil composition was left to stand in an environment at -20°C, and the results of visual observation of the lubricating oil composition after 7 days were evaluated based on the above-mentioned evaluation criteria for dissolution and dispersion stability, thereby evaluating the dissolution and dispersion stability. The evaluation results are shown in Table 4.
上記の結果から、本発明のアクリレート共重合体は、特に有機モリブデン化合物の溶解分散安定性が特に問題となる０℃、－５℃、－２０℃といった低温環境下に静置した場合においても有機モリブデン化合物の沈殿・析出を防ぐことができ、良好な溶解分散性を発揮できることが判る。 The above results show that the acrylate copolymer of the present invention can prevent precipitation and deposition of organic molybdenum compounds even when left to stand in low-temperature environments such as 0°C, -5°C, and -20°C, where the dissolution and dispersion stability of organic molybdenum compounds is particularly problematic, and can exhibit good dissolution and dispersion properties.
＜実施例２０～２１、比較例２１～２３＞
潤滑油組成物の配合条件を表５の通りにそれぞれ変更した以外は、実施例５と同様の方法により潤滑油組成物を調製した。表５において、有機モリブデン化合物１の配合量は、モリブデン原子換算量を表す。
<Examples 20 to 21, Comparative Examples 21 to 23>
Lubricating oil compositions were prepared in the same manner as in Example 5, except that the blending conditions for the lubricating oil compositions were changed as shown in Table 5. In Table 5, the blending amount of organic molybdenum compound 1 is expressed in terms of molybdenum atom.
＜溶解分散安定性の評価（４）＞
実施例２０～２１、比較例２１～２３で調製した潤滑油組成物について、下記の方法により溶解分散安定性を評価した。具体的には、各潤滑油組成物を－２０℃の環境下に静置し、７日後の潤滑油組成物の目視での観察結果を前述の溶解分散安定性の評価基準に基づき評価することで、溶解分散安定性を評価した。評価結果を表５に示す。
<Evaluation of Dissolution/Dispersion Stability (4)>
The lubricating oil compositions prepared in Examples 20-21 and Comparative Examples 21-23 were evaluated for dissolution and dispersion stability by the following method. Specifically, each lubricating oil composition was left to stand in an environment at -20°C, and the results of visual observation of the lubricating oil composition after 7 days were evaluated based on the above-mentioned evaluation criteria for dissolution and dispersion stability, thereby evaluating the dissolution and dispersion stability. The evaluation results are shown in Table 5.
＜粘度特性の評価＞
実施例２０～２１、比較例２１～２３で調製した潤滑油組成物について、Ａｎｔｏｎ Ｐａａｒ社製のｓｔａｂｉｎｇｅｒ ｖｉｓｃｏｍｅｔｅｒ 「ＳＶＭ ３０００」を用いてＪＩＳ Ｋ ２２８３に準拠して１００℃での動粘度（ｍｍ２／ｓ）を測定した。測定結果を表５に示す。
<Evaluation of Viscosity Characteristics>
The kinematic viscosity (mm 2 /s) at 100° C. of the lubricating oil compositions prepared in Examples 20 and 21 and Comparative Examples 21 to 23 was measured using a stabinger viscometer "SVM 3000" manufactured by Anton Paar in accordance with JIS K 2283. The measurement results are shown in Table 5.
上記の結果から、本発明のアクリレート共重合体によれば、有機モリブデン化合物の溶解分散安定性を向上させ、有機モリブデン化合物の沈殿・析出を防ぐと共に、潤滑油やグリースに配合した際の粘度の増加や摩擦低減効果の低下などの影響を抑えることができることが判る。 The above results show that the acrylate copolymer of the present invention can improve the dissolution and dispersion stability of the organic molybdenum compound, prevent precipitation and deposition of the organic molybdenum compound, and suppress effects such as increased viscosity and decreased friction reduction effect when blended with lubricating oil or grease.
Claims (8)
アクリレート共重合体の構成単量体中の、アルキルアクリレート（ａ）の構成比率とアルキルアクリレート（ｂ）の構成比率の合計が構成単量体の全モル数に対して９５～１００モル％であり、
重量平均分子量が５，０００～３００，０００である、アクリレート共重合体からなる、有機モリブデン化合物の基油への溶解分散安定化剤。 An acrylate copolymer obtained by polymerizing, as constituent monomers, an alkyl acrylate (a) having an alkyl group with 2 to 10 carbon atoms and an alkyl acrylate (b) having an alkyl group with 11 to 20 carbon atoms, wherein the constituent monomers have a constituent ratio of the alkyl acrylate (a) of 25 to 65 mol % relative to the total number of moles of the constituent monomers, and a constituent monomer ratio of the alkyl acrylate (b) of 35 to 75 mol % relative to the total number of moles of the constituent monomers;
the total of the constituent ratio of the alkyl acrylate (a) and the constituent ratio of the alkyl acrylate (b) in the constituent monomers of the acrylate copolymer is 95 to 100 mol % based on the total number of moles of the constituent monomers;
The agent for stabilizing dissolution and dispersion of an organic molybdenum compound in a base oil comprises an acrylate copolymer having a weight-average molecular weight of 5,000 to 300,000.
前記アクリレート共重合体は、炭素数２～１０のアルキル基を有するアルキルアクリレート（ａ）と、炭素数１１～２０のアルキル基を有するアルキルアクリレート（ｂ）とを構成単量体として重合して得られ、構成単量体中のアルキルアクリレート（ａ）の構成比率が構成単量体の全モル数に対して２５～６５モル％であり、アルキルアクリレート（ｂ）の構成比率が構成単量体の全モル数に対して３５～７５モル％であり、
アクリレート共重合体の構成単量体中の、アルキルアクリレート（ａ）の構成比率とアルキルアクリレート（ｂ）の構成比率の合計が構成単量体の全モル数に対して９５～１００モル％であり、
重量平均分子量が５，０００～３００，０００である、アクリレート共重合体である、潤滑油組成物。
The acrylate copolymer is obtained by polymerizing, as constituent monomers, an alkyl acrylate (a) having an alkyl group with 2 to 10 carbon atoms and an alkyl acrylate (b) having an alkyl group with 11 to 20 carbon atoms, the constituent monomers having a ratio of the alkyl acrylate (a) to the total number of moles of the constituent monomers being 25 to 65 mol % and the constituent monomers having a ratio of the alkyl acrylate (b) to the total number of moles of the constituent monomers being 35 to 75 mol %,
the total of the constituent ratio of the alkyl acrylate (a) and the constituent ratio of the alkyl acrylate (b) in the constituent monomers of the acrylate copolymer is 95 to 100 mol % based on the total number of moles of the constituent monomers;
A lubricating oil composition comprising an acrylate copolymer having a weight average molecular weight of 5,000 to 300,000.
前記アクリレート共重合体は、炭素数２～１０のアルキル基を有するアルキルアクリレート（ａ）と、炭素数１１～２０のアルキル基を有するアルキルアクリレート（ｂ）とを構成単量体として重合して得られ、構成単量体中のアルキルアクリレート（ａ）の構成比率が構成単量体の全モル数に対して２５～６５モル％であり、アルキルアクリレート（ｂ）の構成比率が構成単量体の全モル数に対して３５～７５モル％であり、
アクリレート共重合体の構成単量体中の、アルキルアクリレート（ａ）の構成比率とアルキルアクリレート（ｂ）の構成比率の合計が構成単量体の全モル数に対して９５～１００モル％であり、
重量平均分子量が５，０００～３００，０００である、アクリレート共重合体である、方法。
The acrylate copolymer is obtained by polymerizing, as constituent monomers, an alkyl acrylate (a) having an alkyl group with 2 to 10 carbon atoms and an alkyl acrylate (b) having an alkyl group with 11 to 20 carbon atoms, the constituent monomers having a ratio of the alkyl acrylate (a) to the total number of moles of the constituent monomers being 25 to 65 mol % and the constituent monomers having a ratio of the alkyl acrylate (b) to the total number of moles of the constituent monomers being 35 to 75 mol %,
the total of the constituent ratio of the alkyl acrylate (a) and the constituent ratio of the alkyl acrylate (b) in the constituent monomers of the acrylate copolymer is 95 to 100 mol % based on the total number of moles of the constituent monomers;
The weight average molecular weight of the acrylate copolymer is from 5,000 to 300,000.
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