JP7438958B2 - 新規な抗体分子、その調製方法及びその使用 - Google Patents
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Description
(a)高親和力、例えば少なくとも約107M-1、好ましくは約108M-1、より好ましくは約109M-1又はそれよりも高い親和力定数で1種又は複数種の抗原と特異的に結合する;
(b)インビトロで培養細胞において発現されやすく、かつ抗体分子の各鎖同士が正確にカップリング又はペアリングすることができる;
(c)良好な物理的安定性を有し、特に、良好な長期的熱安定性を有し、かつ長期間にわたって生物学的活性を保持できる;かつhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CD80、
(d)1種又は複数種の抗原と特異的に結合すると、各抗原が関与するシグナル伝達経路を調節(例えば、抑制又は作動)することによって生物学的機能を発揮する;
(e)1種又は複数種の抗原と特異的に結合すると、Fc領域によってエフェクター機能を発揮する。
用語「約」は数値と共に使用されるとき、下限として記載数値より5%小さく上限として記載数値より5%大きい範囲内の数値を含むことを意味する。
本発明は、さまざまな疾患の免疫治療、予防及び/又は診断に用いられる新規な抗体分子を提供する。本発明の抗体分子は、少なくとも4つの抗原結合部位を含み、単一特異性抗体又は多重特異性(例えば二重特異性)抗体として機能でき、好ましくは、多重特異性(例えば二重特異性)抗体として機能できる。
いくつかの実施形態において、本出願で例示される二重特異性抗体のアミノ酸配列変異体が提案される。これは、例えば、二重特異性抗体の結合親和力及び/又は他の生物学的特性を改善するためである。二重特異性抗体をコードするヌクレオチド配列への適切な修飾の導入又はペプチド合成により二重特異性抗体のアミノ酸配列変異体を調製できる。このような修飾は、例えば、抗体のアミノ酸配列からの残基の欠失及び/又は前記アミノ酸配列への残基の挿入及び/又は前記アミノ酸配列の残基の置換を含む。欠失、挿入と置換の任意の組み合わせを生じることによって最終構築体を得ることができ、ただし、前記最終構築体は所望の特徴、例えば抗原結合作用を有することが前提である。
(1)疎水性:ノルロイシン、Met、Ala、Val、Leu;Ile;
(2)中性親水性:Cys、Ser、Thr、Asn;Gln;
(3)酸性:Asp、Glu;
(4)塩基性:His、Lys、Arg;
(5)鎖方向に影響がある残基:Gly、Pro;
(6)芳香族:Trp、Tyr、Phe。
本発明の抗体分子は、異種タンパク質又はポリペプチドへの組換え融合又は化学的複合(共有結合性複合及び非共有結合性複合を含む)により融合タンパク質を産生できる。タンパク質、ポリペプチド又はペプチドを抗体に融合又は複合させる方法は、本分野で知られている内容である。例えば、米国特許第5,336,603号、第5,622,929号及び欧州特許第EP367,166号が参照される。
本発明の抗体分子は、例えば、固相ペプチド合成(例えば、Merrifield固相合成)又は組換えにより製造できる。組換え製造において、宿主細胞でクローニング及び/又は発現するために、前記抗体分子のいずれか1本のポリペプチド鎖及び/又は複数本のポリペプチド鎖をコードするポリヌクレオチドを単離し、1つ又は複数のベクターに挿入する。通常の方法を用いて、前記ポリヌクレオチドを簡易に単離してシーケンシングすることができる。1つの実施形態において、本発明の1種又は複数種のポリヌクレオチドを含むベクター、好ましくは発現ベクターを提供する。
別の態様において、本発明は、組成物、例えば、医薬組成物を提供し、前記組成物は、薬学的に許容可能なベクターと配合される本出願に記載の抗体分子を含む。本出願で使用される「薬学的に許容可能なベクター」は、生理学的に適合性がある溶剤、分散媒体、等張剤、吸収遅延剤などのいずれか又はその全てを含む。本発明の医薬組成物は、静脈内投与、筋肉内投与、皮下投与、非経口投与、直腸投与、脊髄投与又は表皮投与(例えば、注射又は輸注)に適する。
本出願で開示されている抗体分子は、インビトロ・インビボ診断用途、及び治療的・予防的用途を有する。例えば、これらの分子は、インビトロ又はエキソビボ培養細胞、又は対象、例えば、ヒト対象に投与されて、がん、自己免疫疾患、急性または慢性炎症性疾患、感染性疾患(例えば、慢性感染症又は敗血症)などのさまざまな抗原関連疾患を治療、予防及び/又は診断することができる
実施例1.1. 抗OX40/PD-L1二重特異性抗体の構築
本実施例において、4種の抗OX40/PD-L1二重特異性抗体が構築され、それぞれ(1)構造模式図が図1Aに示される二重特異性抗体Bi-110-112HCと、(2)構造模式図が図1Bに示される二重特異性抗体Bi-113-112HCと、(3)構造模式図が図1Cに示される二重特異性抗体Bi-119-112LCと、(4)構造模式図が図1Dに示される二重特異性抗体Bi-122-112LCと命名される。次に上記4種の抗OX40/PD-L1二重特異性抗体についてそれぞれ説明する。
本実施例において、実施例1.1で構築された抗OX40/PD-L1二重特異性抗体のペプチド鎖#1、ペプチド鎖#2をコードするヌクレオチド配列をそれぞれポリクローナルサイトによって真核発現ベクターpTT5の市販品に組み入れ、真核細胞において発現させて精製することによって、抗OX40/PD-L1二重特異性抗体Bi-110-112HC、Bi-113-112HC、Bi-119-112LC及びBi-122-112LCを得た。操作は具体的に以下のとおりである。
HEK293細胞(Invitrogen社から購入)をExpi293細胞培養液(Invitrogen社から購入)において継代培養した。トランスフェクションの1日前に細胞培養物を遠心分離して細胞ペレットを得、細胞を新鮮なExpi293細胞培養培地に懸濁し、細胞密度を1×106細胞/mlに調整した引き続きHEK293細胞を培養し、トランスフェクション当日に培養物中の細胞密度は約2×106個の細胞/mlである。HEK293細胞懸濁液の最終体積の1/10に相当するF17培地(Gibco社から購入、製品カタログ番号はA13835-01)をトランスフェクション緩衝液として用いる。1mLのトランスフェクション緩衝液当たり、上記のとおりに調製された、それぞれペプチド鎖#1又はペプチド鎖#2をコードするヌクレオチド配列を含むモル比1:1の組換えプラスミド200μgを加え、均一に混合し、次にポリエチレンイミン(polyethylenimine(PEI))(Polysciences、カタログ番号:23966)30μgを加えて、均一に混合し、室温で10分間インキュベートした後、PEI/DNA混合物をHEK293細胞懸濁液に徐々にデカントした。軽く混合させて均一になると、8%CO2、36.5℃において一晩培養した。
Octetシステム(ForteBio社製)を用いて動力学的結合測定法により本発明の上記の例示的な抗OX40/PD-L1二重特異性抗体Bi-119-112LCがOX40及びPD-L1と結合する時の平衡解離定数(KD)を測定した。関連の文献で報告された方法(Estep,P et al.,High throughput solution Based measurement of antibody-antigen affinity and epitope binning.MAbs,2013、5(2):p270-278)に基づいてForteBio親和力測定を行った。簡単に言えば、実験開始の30分間前に、AHCセンサ(Pall、カタログ番号:1506091)をSD緩衝液(PBS 1×、BSA 0.1%、ポリソルベート20 0.05%)に浸漬して室温で平衡化した。黒色ポリスチレン製のハーフボリューム96ウェルマイクロプレート(Greiner)のウェルにそれぞれ空白対照(背景除去用)としてSD緩衝液100μlと、100nMの精製された二重特異性抗体Bi-119-112LCと、対照として抗PD-L1ヒト化Nb-Fc抗体(PCT/CN2017/095884)と、抗OX40抗体ADI-20112 (中国特許出願第201710185400.8号)と、抗原としてSD緩衝液によって希釈されたヒトPD-L1-his(100nM)とヒトOX40-his(100nM)(Acrobiosystems)の溶液100μlとを加えた。抗ヒトIgG FcバイオセンサAHCを、それぞれ前記抗体溶液を含むウェルに室温で600秒間浸漬した後、ローディングした。次に基線となるまでSD緩衝液においてセンサを洗浄し、100μlの抗原溶液を含むウェルに浸漬して、抗体と抗原の結合を監視した。次にセンサをSD緩衝液100μlを含むウェルに移して、抗体の解離を監視した。回転数は400回転/分であり、温度は30℃である。Octet分析ソフトウェア(ForteBio)を用いて、背景修正後の結合曲線と解離曲線を当てはめして、結合(kon)及び解離(kdis)の速度定数を生成し、後に平衡解離定数(KD)の算出するにこれらを用いる。表1、表2には、抗原OX40又はPD-L1に対する二重特異性抗体Bi-119-112LCのkon、kdis及びKDデータが示されている。
FACSにより本発明の抗OX40/PD-L1二重特異性抗体Bi-119-112LCとOX40又はPD-L1を過剰発現させたCHO細胞の結合を測定した。
本発明の抗OX40/PD-L1二重特異性抗体Bi-119-112LCが異なる細胞に由来する標的抗原と同時に結合できるかどうかを検証するために、本実施例ではフローサイトメトリーを用いて、前記二重特異性抗体によって誘導される異なる細胞のカップリングについて検出した。実験手順は具体的に以下のとおりである。
本発明の抗OX40/PD-L1二重特異性抗体がPD-1とPD-L1を過剰発現させたCHO細胞の結合を遮断できるかどうかを検証するために、本実施例ではフローサイトメトリーを用いて、本発明の抗OX40/PD-L1二重特異性抗体によるPD-1タンパク質とPD-L1を過剰発現させたCHO細胞の結合遮断を検出した。実験手順の詳細は以下のとおりである。
抗OX40/PD-L1二重特異性抗体がNFATシグナル伝達経路に対するPD-1/PD-L1相互作用の抑制作用を解消できるかどうかを検証するために、本実施例ではルシフェラーゼレポーター遺伝子を用いて細胞株(Promega、CS187109)を検出し、ルシフェラーゼの発現検出によってPD-1/PD-L1相互作用に対する二重特異性抗体の抑制能力を示す。実験手順の詳細は以下のとおりである。
目的は、実施例1.4で得たCHO-PD-L1細胞が存在する条件で、本発明の抗OX40/PD-L1二重特異性抗体がOX40介在性シグナル伝達経路を活性化させる生理活性を検出することである。本実施例では、信達生物製薬(蘇州)有限公司が製造するJurkat-OX40-NFkB-Luc-Rep安定化細胞株を使用して、OX40が介在する転写活性化を測定することによって本発明の抗OX40/PD-L1二重特異性抗体に抗OX40抗体のアゴニストとしての活性があるかどうかを評価する。抗ヒトCD3(BD Biosciences、カタログ番号:555329)、抗ヒトCD28(BD Biosciences、カタログ番号:555725)に、溶液に溶解された本発明の抗体を加えて、ヒトOX40構築体(Sinoから購入)及びNFkB-ルシフェラーゼ構築体(NFkBプロモーター-luc、Promega)を導入したヒトOX40を過剰発現させたJurkat細胞(米ATCC提供)を持続的に16時間活性化させ、次に発色のためにBio-Glo(商標)試薬を加えた。実験手順は具体的に以下のとおりである。
1)少量に細胞懸濁液を取り分け、細胞計数盤で細胞密度を測定し、400gで10分間遠心分離して、上清を捨て、分析緩衝液で徐々に細胞を再懸濁させ、Jurkat-OX40-NFkB-Luc-Rep細胞密度は4×105個/ml、CHO-PD-L1細胞密度は4×105個/mlである。
示差走査蛍光測定法(differential scanning fluorimetry、DSF)は、タンパク質マップにおける蛍光の変化過程に基づいてタンパク質の構造安定性に関する情報を提供し、タンパク質の立体配置の変化を検出し、タンパク質の融解温度(Tm)を取得するために利用できる。本実施例において、DSF法を用いて本発明の抗OX40/PD-L1二重特異性抗体のTm値を測定した。
二重特異性抗体の安定性の一層の確認のために、本実施例では、調製された一連の抗体が40℃で0日、1日、3日、7日、10日、20日、30日静置後の純度変化を検出することによって、抗体の長期的熱安定性を評価した。SEC検出の結果、調製された一連のBi-119-112LC抗体の初期純度は92.91%である。実験方法は以下のとおりである。抗体サンプルを5mg/mlに濃縮させ(PBSに溶解)、EP管に分注し、200μl/管で、遮光条件で40℃で静置した。0日目、1日目、3日目、7日目、10日目、20日目、30日目に各1管に対しSEC-HPLCで単一メインピーク純度を測定した。
本実施例では、ヒトCD4+T細胞に対する抗OX40/PD-L1二重特異性抗体の活性化作用をインビトロで検出し、実験手順は具体的に以下のとおりである。
実施例2.1. 抗VEGF/GITR二重特異性抗体の構築
本実施例において、2種の構造の抗VEGF/GITR二重特異性抗体が構築され、それぞれ(1)構造模式図が図11Aに示される二重特異性抗体Bi-2-50と、(2)構造模式図が図11Bに示される二重特異性抗体Bi-2-51と命名される。次に上記2種の抗VEGF/GITR二重特異性抗体についてそれぞれ説明する。
本実施例において、実施例2.1で構築された抗VEGF/GITR二重特異性抗体Bi-2-50及びBi-2-51のペプチド鎖#1、ペプチド鎖#2をコードするヌクレオチド配列をそれぞれポリクローナルサイトによって真核発現ベクターpTT5の市販品に組み入れ、真核細胞において発現させて精製することによって、抗VEGF/GITR二重特異性抗体Bi-2-50及びBi-2-51を得た。
Octetシステム(ForteBio社製)を用いて動力学的結合測定法により本発明の上記の例示的な抗VEGF/GITR二重特異性抗体Bi-2-2-50-51がVEGF及びGITRと結合する時の平衡解離定数(KD)を測定した。使用される抗体と抗原が異なる以外、他の具体的な実験手順は上記実施例1.3と同じである。検出結果は次の図5及び表6に示される。
FACSにより本発明の抗VEGF/GITR二重特異性抗体Bi-2-50及びBi-2-51と、VEGF又はGITRを過剰発現させたCHO細胞の結合を測定した。使用される抗体と抗原が異なる以外、他の具体的な実験手順は上記実施例1.4と同じである。本実施例で使用されるIgG1陰性対照は、上記の実施例1.5で使用されるIgG1陰性対照と同じである。結果は図13に示される。
Claims (24)
- 抗体分子であって、(i)単一ドメイン抗原結合部位VHHと、(ii)抗原結合Fab断片と、(iii)前記単一ドメイン抗原結合部位VHHのC末端に位置する免疫グロブリンFcドメインとを含み、前記単一ドメイン抗原結合部位VHHは前記抗原結合Fab断片の免疫グロブリンCH1ドメインのC末端に位置し、前記単一ドメイン抗原結合部位VHH及び前記抗原結合Fab断片はそれぞれ抗原PD-L1及びOX40と結合し、かつ、前記単一ドメイン抗原結合部位VHHと前記抗原結合Fab断片との間に接続ペプチドを有するかもしくは有さず、
前記単一ドメイン抗原結合部位VHHがPD-L1分子と特異的に結合し、配列番号3で表されるCDR1と、配列番号4で表されるCDR2と、配列番号5で表されるCDR3とを含み、かつ、
前記抗原結合Fab断片がOX40と特異的に結合し、配列番号11及び7で表される対となる重鎖可変領域配列及び軽鎖可変領域配列における全ての6つの重鎖CDR及び軽鎖CDRを含む、抗体分子。 - 前記単一ドメイン抗原結合部位VHHが、ラクダ科の種に天然に存在する重鎖抗体の重鎖可変ドメイン、及びヒト化ラクダ科抗体の重鎖可変ドメインから選択される、請求項1に記載の抗体分子。
- 前記免疫グロブリンがIgG1免疫グロブリン、IgG2免疫グロブリン又はIgG4免疫グロブリンである、請求項1に記載の抗体分子。
- 前記Fcドメインが免疫グロブリンの定常部分にヒンジ領域を含み、かつ、前記抗体分子の重鎖が前記ヒンジ領域においてジスルフィド結合を介して互いに安定的に会合する、請求項1に記載の抗体分子。
- 前記抗体分子の重鎖のFcドメインは、それぞれKabatのEU番号方式に基づくY349C及びS354C、又はS354C及びY349Cをさらに含み、それによって前記抗体分子の重鎖がFc領域において鎖間ジスルフィド結合をさらに形成する、請求項4に記載の抗体分子。
- 前記Fcドメインが抗体のエフェクター機能に影響を与える突然変異をさらに含む、請求項1~5のいずれか一項に記載の抗体分子。
- 前記Fcドメインが抗体のエフェクター機能に影響を与えるLALA突然変異をさらに含む、請求項6に記載の抗体分子。
- 前記抗体分子の重鎖のFcドメインが、それぞれ突起又は空洞を含み、かつ、一方の重鎖のFcドメインにおける前記突起又は空洞はそれぞれ他方の重鎖のFcドメインにおける空洞又は突起に位置することができ、それによって前記抗体分子の重鎖が互いにノブ-イン-ホールの安定的な会合を形成する、請求項1に記載の抗体分子。
- 前記免疫グロブリンCH1ドメイン及び軽鎖定常ドメインCLがそれぞれ突起又は空洞を含み、かつ、CH1ドメインにおける前記突起又は空洞がそれぞれ軽鎖定常ドメインCLにおける空洞又は突起に位置することができ、それによって前記抗体分子の重鎖と軽鎖とが互いにノブ-イン-ホールの安定的な会合を形成する、請求項1に記載の抗体分子。
- 前記単一ドメイン抗原結合部位VHHと前記抗原結合Fab断片との間に接続ペプチドを有して、かつ、前記接続ペプチドがアミノ酸配列(Gly4Ser)nを含み、nが1~7の正の整数である、請求項1に記載の抗体分子。
- 前記接続ペプチドがアミノ酸配列(Gly4Ser)nを含み、nが2である、請求項10に記載の抗体分子。
- 前記単一ドメイン抗原結合部位VHHが配列番号1又は配列番号2で表される抗PD-L1 VHHアミノ酸配列、又はそれと少なくとも80%、85%、90%、92%、95%、97%、98%、99%又はそれ以上同一である配列を含み、かつ、前記抗原結合Fab断片が配列番号11及び7で表される対となる重鎖可変領域配列及び軽鎖可変領域配列、又は対となる前記重鎖可変領域配列及び軽鎖可変領域配列と少なくとも90%、91%、92%、93%、94%、95%、96%、97%、98%、99%もしくはそれ以上の配列同一性を有する配列を含む、請求項1に記載の抗体分子。
- 請求項1~12のいずれか一項に記載の抗体分子をコードする、ポリヌクレオチド。
- 請求項13に記載のポリヌクレオチドを含む、ベクター。
- 請求項13に記載のポリヌクレオチド又は請求項14に記載のベクターを含む宿主細胞。
- 前記宿主細胞が哺乳動物細胞である、請求項15に記載の宿主細胞。
- 請求項1~12のいずれか一項に記載の抗体分子の製造方法であって、(i)前記抗体分子の発現に適する条件で請求項15に記載の宿主細胞を培養する工程と、(ii)前記宿主細胞又は前記宿主細胞の培地から前記抗体分子を回収する工程とを含む、製造方法。
- 請求項1~12のいずれか一項に記載の抗体分子と薬学的に許容可能なベクターとを含む、医薬組成物。
- 少なくとも1種の他の有効成分をさらに含む、請求項18に記載の医薬組成物。
- 請求項1~12のいずれか一項に記載の抗体分子と、前記抗体分子と複合する1つ以上の異種分子とを含む免疫複合体であって前記1つ以上の異種分子が細胞傷害剤である、免疫複合体。
- 請求項1~12のいずれか一項に記載の抗体分子、請求項18又は19に記載の医薬組成物、及び請求項20に記載の免疫複合体の、適用対象における疾患を治療及び/又は予防するための医薬品を調製し、又は疾患の診断試薬を調製するための使用。
- 前記適用対象が哺乳類である、請求項21に記載の使用。
- 前記適用対象がヒトである、請求項22に記載の使用。
- 前記疾患は自己免疫疾患、急性または慢性炎症性疾患、感染性疾患、及び腫瘍から選択される、請求項21に記載の使用。
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