JP7445595B2 - 熱安定性が高められたAl-Crベースのセラミックコーティング - Google Patents
熱安定性が高められたAl-Crベースのセラミックコーティング Download PDFInfo
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- JP7445595B2 JP7445595B2 JP2020528121A JP2020528121A JP7445595B2 JP 7445595 B2 JP7445595 B2 JP 7445595B2 JP 2020528121 A JP2020528121 A JP 2020528121A JP 2020528121 A JP2020528121 A JP 2020528121A JP 7445595 B2 JP7445595 B2 JP 7445595B2
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- oxygen
- nitrogen
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- QQHSIRTYSFLSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumanylidynechromium Chemical compound [Al].[Cr] QQHSIRTYSFLSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title description 5
- 238000005524 ceramic coating Methods 0.000 title 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 87
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 81
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 77
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 61
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 60
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 38
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 38
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 36
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 36
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 33
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 26
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 26
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910001882 dioxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910019590 Cr-N Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910019588 Cr—N Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000005240 physical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000001771 vacuum deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 8
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- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 173
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- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010431 corundum Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 3
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010406 cathode material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 238000005137 deposition process Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 238000000168 high power impulse magnetron sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000851 Alloy steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 241000473391 Archosargus rhomboidalis Species 0.000 description 1
- LLQPHQFNMLZJMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fentrazamide Chemical compound N1=NN(C=2C(=CC=CC=2)Cl)C(=O)N1C(=O)N(CC)C1CCCCC1 LLQPHQFNMLZJMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RHBRWKIPYGZNMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O--].[O--].[O--].[Al+3].[Cr+3] Chemical compound [O--].[O--].[O--].[Al+3].[Cr+3] RHBRWKIPYGZNMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- -1 argon ion Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- CXOWYMLTGOFURZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N azanylidynechromium Chemical compound [Cr]#N CXOWYMLTGOFURZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 1
- PMHQVHHXPFUNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-M copper(1+);methylsulfanylmethane;bromide Chemical compound Br[Cu].CSC PMHQVHHXPFUNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007416 differential thermogravimetric analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000001755 magnetron sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000004663 powder metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011253 protective coating Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000000930 thermomechanical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007039 two-step reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052984 zinc sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
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- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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Description
酸化アルミニウムクロムを含むコーティング、および、窒化アルミニウムクロムを含むコーティング(それぞれ、Al-Cr-OベースのコーティングおよびAl-Cr-Nベースのコーティングとも言う)は、一般的にカソードアーク蒸発(以下、略してCAEとも表記する)によって合成される。これらは、さまざまな種類の工具(例えば、切削工具、成形工具、およびフライス工具)をコーティングするために広く用いられている材料である。
・Crが、α-Al2O3と同様の格子パラメータを有する親近構造のα型Cr2O3を形成するとともに、α-Al2O3とある程度の混和性を持つこと。
・α型Cr2O3がPVD処理を用いて容易に形成可能であること。
・PVD処理、特にCAEを用いることにより、500℃~600℃の処理温度で準安定コランダム型(Al,Cr)2O3固溶体膜の成長を促進することが可能であること。
本発明の主な目的は、高温で熱安定性を示すAl-Crベースのコーティングを基材表面上に形成するための方法を提供することである。
本発明の目的は、多層構造を有するAl-Cr-O-N膜(以下、多層膜とも言う)を含むコーティングを提供することによって達成され得る。このコーティングは、Al-Cr-O-NからなるタイプAの複数の個別層と、Al-Cr-NからなるタイプBの複数の個別層とを含む。タイプAの個別層の各々が2層のタイプBの個別層の間に堆積され、またはタイプBの個別層の各々が2層のタイプAの個別層の間に堆積されるように、タイプAの個別層はタイプBの個別層と交互に堆積される。これにより、一連の個別層…B/A/B/A/B/A/B/A/B/A/B…を有する多層構造が形成される。多層構造のAl-Cr-O-N膜内のOの平均含有量とNの平均含有量との関係は、O:Nの比の値が1.8以上4以下、好ましくは2以上3以下となるような関係である。この比は、Al-Cr-O-N膜内のOの平均含有量(原子百分率)をAl-Cr-O-N膜内のNの平均含有量(原子百分率)で除したときの商である。ただし、これはOの含有量およびNの含有量のみを考慮して計算した場合である。すなわち、Oの含有量(原子百分率)およびNの含有量(原子百分率)の合計が100at%となるようにOの含有量およびNの含有量を正規化した場合である。
‐…タイプB/A/B/A/B/A/B/A/B/A/B…の一連の個別層を有する多層構造である1つ以上のAl-Cr-O-N膜、または
‐タイプ…B/A/C/A/B/A/C/A/B/A/C/A/B…の一連の個別層を有する多層構造である1つ以上のAl-Cr-O-N膜、または
‐タイプB/A/B/A/B/A/B/A/B/A/B…の一連の個別層を有する多層構造である1つ以上のAl-Cr-O-N膜、および、タイプ…B/A/C/A/B/A/C/A/B/A/C/A/B…の一連の個別層を有する多層構造である1つ以上のAl-Cr-O-N膜。
高温でより高い熱安定性およびより良好な機械特性を得るために、タイプAの層におけるAlおよびCrの濃度は、A層内のAl含有量とCr含有量との関係をAl:Crで表わした場合の比の値が1.5以上4以下となるような濃度であるべきである。この比は、A層内のAlの含有量(原子百分率)をA層内のCrの平均含有量(原子百分率)で除したときの商である。ただし、これはAlの含有量およびCrの含有量のみを考慮して計算した場合である。すなわち、Alの含有量(原子百分率)およびCrの含有量(原子百分率)の合計が100at%となるようにAlの含有量およびCrの含有量を正規化した場合である。
上述の方法であって、
多層膜はタイプCの個別層をさらに含み、
タイプCの個別層は、窒素ガス流を減少させるとともに酸素ガス流を増加させることによって形成したAl-Cr-Oの酸化物層として堆積され、
タイプCの個別層は、各々の場合において、1つのA層と1つのB層との間、または1つのB層と1つのA層との間に堆積され、それによって一連の個別層B/A/C/A/B/A/C/A/B/A…を有する多層構造が形成される、方法。
A層は、窒素および酸素の含有量を変化させたグラジエント層として堆積され、
B層上に堆積されたA層では、多層膜の最も外側の表面に向かう方向に、個々の厚さに沿って酸素含有量が増加するとともに窒素含有量が減少しており、
C層上に堆積されたA層では、多層膜の最も外側の表面に向かう方向に、個々の厚さに沿って窒素含有量が増加するとともに酸素含有量が減少している、方法。
本発明は、少なくとも以下を達成することができるという理由により、従来技術よりも特に有利である。
・1000℃を超える高温において、Al-Cr-Nがw-AlNおよびh-Cr2Nに分解されることによって開始される質量損失に対する耐性が高まる。
・Al-Cr-O-Nコーティングの酸素バリア特性が向上する。
・Cr拡散が発生する類似のコーティングと比較して、最大で1500℃におけるAl-Crベースのコーティングの構造的安定性が高まる。
本発明の理解を容易にするために、本発明の説明のうちの以下の部分では、いくつかの例について述べる。そのために、説明では図1および図2に言及する。
アルミニウム、クロム、酸素、および窒素を含む多層膜を真空コーティングチャンバ内で生成する方法であって、
多層膜は、交互に堆積されたタイプAの個別層とタイプBの個別層とを含み、それによって一連の個別層B/A/B/A/B/A…を有する多層構造が形成され、
多層膜を堆積する際に
アルミニウムおよびクロムを含む少なくとも1つのターゲットを、PVD法によってカソードとして動作させるとともに、この方法においてアルミニウムおよびクロムを供給するための材料源として使用し、
アルミニウムおよびクロムと反応させるために、酸素ガス流および窒素ガス流を反応ガスとして真空チャンバ内に導入し、それによって、多層膜を形成するための酸素および窒素を供給する方法であって、
‐窒素および酸素を反応ガスとして同時に用いることによって、A層をAl-Cr-O-Nの酸窒化物層として堆積し、
‐窒素のみを反応ガスとして用いてAl-Cr-N層を形成するために、酸素ガス流を減少させるとともに窒素ガス流を増加させることによって、B層をAl-Cr-Nの窒化物層として堆積し、
多層膜内の酸素含有量と窒素含有量との関係は、原子百分率の比の値が1.8以上4以下となるような関係である、方法。
多層膜はタイプCの個別層をさらに含み、
タイプCの個別層は、窒素ガス流を減少させるとともに酸素ガス流を増加させることによって形成したAl-Cr-Oの酸化物層として堆積され、
タイプCの個別層は、各々の場合において、1つのA層と1つのB層との間、または1つのB層と1つのA層との間に堆積され、それによって一連の個別層B/A/C/A/B/A/C/A/B/A…を有する多層構造が形成される、方法。
A層は、窒素および酸素の含有量を変化させたグラジエント層として堆積され、
B層上に堆積されたA層では、多層膜の最も外側の表面に向かう方向に、個々の厚さに沿って酸素含有量が増加するとともに窒素含有量が減少しており、
C層上に堆積されたA層では、多層膜の最も外側の表面に向かう方向に、個々の厚さに沿って窒素含有量が増加するとともに酸素含有量が減少している、方法。
Claims (16)
- アルミニウム、クロム、酸素、および窒素を含む多層膜を真空コーティングチャンバ内で生成する方法であって、
前記多層膜は、交互に堆積されたタイプAの個別層とタイプBの個別層とを含み、それによって一連の個別層B/A/B/A/B/A…を有する多層構造が形成され、
前記多層膜を堆積する際に
アルミニウムおよびクロムを含む少なくとも1つのターゲットを、PVD法によってカソードとして動作させるとともに、この方法においてアルミニウムおよびクロムを供給するための材料源として使用し、
アルミニウムおよびクロムと反応させるために、酸素ガス流および窒素ガス流を反応ガスとして前記真空チャンバ内に導入し、それによって、前記多層膜を形成するための酸素および窒素を供給する方法であって、
‐窒素および酸素を反応ガスとして同時に用いることによって、前記A層をAl-Cr-O-Nの酸窒化物層として堆積し、
‐窒素のみを反応ガスとして用いてAl-Cr-N層を形成するために、前記酸素ガス流を減少させるとともに前記窒素ガス流を増加させることによって、前記B層を前記Al-Cr-Nの窒化物層として堆積し、
前記多層膜内の酸素含有量と窒素含有量との関係は、原子百分率の比の値が1.8以上4以下となるような関係であり、
前記多層構造は、Al-Cr-Oの酸化物層を含まない、方法。 - 前記多層膜内の酸素含有量と窒素含有量との関係は、原子百分率の比の値が2以上3以下となるような関係である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記B層を生成するために前記酸素ガス流を完全に遮断する、請求項1または2に記載の方法。
- コーティングに含まれる1つ以上の前記Al-Cr-O-N膜の前記B層は、10at%以下の酸素濃度を有するAl-Cr-N層として生成される、請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記コーティングは、前記コーティングの最も外側の表面を構成するように堆積された1つのAl-Cr-O-N膜を含む、請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 使用する前記PVD法は、カソードアーク蒸発またはカソードスパッタリングを含む、請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記タイプAの層におけるAlおよびCrの濃度は、前記A層内のAl含有量とCr含有量との関係をAl:Crで表わした場合の比の値が1.5以上4以下となるような濃度である、請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記タイプBの層におけるAlおよびCrの濃度は、前記B層内のAl含有量とCr含有量との関係をAl:Crで表わした場合の比の値が1.5以上4以下となるような濃度である、請求項1~7のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記多層膜は他の層を含む、請求項1~8のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記他の層は、基材と前記Al-Cr-O-N膜との間、または前記基材と前記基材に最も近い側に堆積された前記Al-Cr-O-N膜との間、または異なる2つのAl-Cr-O-N膜の間に堆積されている、請求項9に記載の方法。
- 前記多層膜の厚さ≧0.5μmである、請求項1~10のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記多層膜の厚さ≧1μmである、請求項1~11のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 1種類以上の不活性ガス流を作用ガスとして前記真空コーティングチャンバ内に導入する、請求項1~12のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記多層膜に含まれるA層およびB層の組数に対応する二層周期が12以上となるように前記多層膜を堆積する、請求項1~13のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記二層周期が25以上である、請求項14に記載の方法。
- 前記二層周期が50以上である、請求項15に記載の方法。
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