JP7317646B2 - 光学素子、照明装置、及び、太陽電池装置 - Google Patents
光学素子、照明装置、及び、太陽電池装置 Download PDFInfo
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- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 title claims description 97
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 title description 4
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000002238 attenuated effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005338 heat storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011232 storage material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008033 biological extinction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
- H02S40/00—Components or accessories in combination with PV modules, not provided for in groups H02S10/00 - H02S30/00
- H02S40/20—Optical components
- H02S40/22—Light-reflecting or light-concentrating means
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
- H01L31/042—PV modules or arrays of single PV cells
- H01L31/048—Encapsulation of modules
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21K—NON-ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES USING LUMINESCENCE; LIGHT SOURCES USING ELECTROCHEMILUMINESCENCE; LIGHT SOURCES USING CHARGES OF COMBUSTIBLE MATERIAL; LIGHT SOURCES USING SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES AS LIGHT-GENERATING ELEMENTS; LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F21K9/00—Light sources using semiconductor devices as light-generating elements, e.g. using light-emitting diodes [LED] or lasers
- F21K9/60—Optical arrangements integrated in the light source, e.g. for improving the colour rendering index or the light extraction
- F21K9/61—Optical arrangements integrated in the light source, e.g. for improving the colour rendering index or the light extraction using light guides
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21K—NON-ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES USING LUMINESCENCE; LIGHT SOURCES USING ELECTROCHEMILUMINESCENCE; LIGHT SOURCES USING CHARGES OF COMBUSTIBLE MATERIAL; LIGHT SOURCES USING SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES AS LIGHT-GENERATING ELEMENTS; LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F21K9/00—Light sources using semiconductor devices as light-generating elements, e.g. using light-emitting diodes [LED] or lasers
- F21K9/60—Optical arrangements integrated in the light source, e.g. for improving the colour rendering index or the light extraction
- F21K9/64—Optical arrangements integrated in the light source, e.g. for improving the colour rendering index or the light extraction using wavelength conversion means distinct or spaced from the light-generating element, e.g. a remote phosphor layer
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F21V5/00—Refractors for light sources
- F21V5/04—Refractors for light sources of lens shape
- F21V5/043—Refractors for light sources of lens shape the lens having cylindrical faces, e.g. rod lenses, toric lenses
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S21/00—Solar heat collectors not provided for in groups F24S10/00-F24S20/00
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B19/00—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics
- G02B19/0004—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics characterised by the optical means employed
- G02B19/0009—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics characterised by the optical means employed having refractive surfaces only
- G02B19/0014—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics characterised by the optical means employed having refractive surfaces only at least one surface having optical power
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B19/00—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics
- G02B19/0033—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics characterised by the use
- G02B19/0038—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics characterised by the use for use with ambient light
- G02B19/0042—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics characterised by the use for use with ambient light for use with direct solar radiation
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B19/00—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics
- G02B19/0033—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics characterised by the use
- G02B19/0047—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics characterised by the use for use with a light source
- G02B19/0071—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics characterised by the use for use with a light source adapted to illuminate a complete hemisphere or a plane extending 360 degrees around the source
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B19/00—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics
- G02B19/0033—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics characterised by the use
- G02B19/0076—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics characterised by the use for use with a detector
- G02B19/008—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics characterised by the use for use with a detector adapted to collect light from a complete hemisphere or a plane extending 360 degrees around the detector
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B19/00—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics
- G02B19/0033—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics characterised by the use
- G02B19/0085—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics characterised by the use for use with both a detector and a source
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B3/00—Simple or compound lenses
- G02B3/0087—Simple or compound lenses with index gradient
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B3/00—Simple or compound lenses
- G02B3/02—Simple or compound lenses with non-spherical faces
- G02B3/06—Simple or compound lenses with non-spherical faces with cylindrical or toric faces
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
- H01L31/042—PV modules or arrays of single PV cells
- H01L31/048—Encapsulation of modules
- H01L31/0481—Encapsulation of modules characterised by the composition of the encapsulation material
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
- H01L31/054—Optical elements directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means
- H01L31/0543—Optical elements directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means comprising light concentrating means of the refractive type, e.g. lenses
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO THE FORM OR THE KIND OF THE LIGHT SOURCES OR OF THE COLOUR OF THE LIGHT EMITTED
- F21Y2115/00—Light-generating elements of semiconductor light sources
- F21Y2115/10—Light-emitting diodes [LED]
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S23/00—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors
- F24S23/30—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with lenses
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S60/00—Arrangements for storing heat collected by solar heat collectors
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/52—PV systems with concentrators
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Description
第1実施形態に係る光学素子10について、図1から図4を用いて説明する。
本実施形態に係る光学素子10は、光波に対して透明な媒質(第1の媒質)で形成されている。図1に示すように、本実施形態に係る光学素子10は、例えば球状である。ただし、光学素子10の形状はこれに限らず、軸対称であればよい。このため、光学素子10は、円柱でもよい。また、光学素子10は、実質的に軸対称な多角柱でもよい。本実施形態に係る光学素子10は、例えばメタレンズを用いる。
本実施形態において、環境は空気の他、一例として水でもよい。その場合、環境の屈折率Noを例えば1.33とする。
第1実施形態に係る光学素子10は球状である。光学素子10の形状は、球状に限らない。本変形例の光学素子10の形状は、例えば円柱状である。光学素子10の形状は、式(3)で表せる屈折率Nの分布を有する断面を備えるものならば他の形状でもよい。z軸を円柱の中心軸に一致させると、円柱の中心軸に直交する適宜の断面は、xy平面となる。この場合、図4に示すのと同様に、xy平面に平行に入射された光波Lは、xy平面に沿って中心Oに向かう。
次に、第2実施形態に係る照明装置20について、図5を用いて説明する。第2実施形態に係る照明装置20は、第1実施形態で説明した光学素子10を用いる。
本実施形態に係る照明装置20は、光学素子10に入射される光をコアCの蛍光体22に全て集めることができる。そして、コアCの蛍光体22に集められた光波Lは、波長を変化させて外部に射出される。このため、本実施形態によれば、例えば100%であるなど、極めて高効率な照明装置20が提供される。
なお、ロッド24は必ずしも必要ではない。すなわち、光源26からの光が直接光学素子10に入射されてもよい。
次に、第3実施形態に係る太陽電池装置30について、図6を用いて説明する。第3実施形態に係る太陽電池装置30は、第1実施形態で説明した光学素子10を用いる。
本実施形態に係る太陽電池装置30は、光学素子10に入射される光をコアCに全て集めることができる。このため、太陽光のうち、光学素子10に入射された光の全てをコアCに集めることができる。また、太陽光のうち、熱エネルギーとされた全てをコアCに集めることができる。このため、本実施形態によれば、極めて高効率な太陽電池装置30が提供される。
以下、出願時の特許請求の範囲を付記する。
[付記1]
中心から動径方向に向かって連続的に減衰する連続屈折率分布領域を有し、
中心に第1の媒質を備え、
前記第1の媒質は、複素屈折率の虚部の絶対値が0よりも大きい領域を有する、光学素子。
[付記2]
前記連続屈折率分布領域の屈折率をNとし、前記中心からの半径をrとし、前記半径rの最大値をr o とし、N o を定数としたとき、
[付記3]
前記第1の媒質と前記連続屈折率分布領域が接する接領域との屈折率をN max とし、
前記接領域の半径をr c とし、
前記光学素子の半径rの最大値をr o とし、N o を定数とし、mを1よりも大きい定数としたとき、
[付記4]
前記第1の媒質は、太陽電池である、付記1乃至付記3のいずれか1項に記載の光学素子。
[付記5]
付記1乃至付記3のいずれか1項に記載の光学素子と、
光源と
を備え、
前記第1の媒質は蛍光体であり、
前記光源から第1の波長が射出され、
前記蛍光体は、前記第1の波長を吸収し、前記第1の波長よりも波長が長い第2の波長に変換し射出する、照明装置。
[付記6]
付記1乃至付記3のいずれか1項に記載の光学素子と、
太陽電池と
を備え、
前記太陽電池は、前記第1の媒質にある、太陽電池装置。
Claims (6)
- 光学素子であって、
中心から動径方向に向かって連続的に減衰する連続屈折率分布領域を有し、
中心に第1の媒質を備え、
前記第1の媒質は、その周囲の前記連続屈折率分布領域に比べて複素屈折率の虚部の絶対値が大きく、光を吸収する領域を有し、
前記第1の媒質の屈折率は前記第1の媒質の周囲の前記連続屈折率分布領域との境界において連続的に接続し、
前記連続屈折率分布領域の屈折率をNとし、
前記光学素子の前記中心からの半径をr>0とし、
前記半径rの最大値をr o とし、
前記光学素子の外周面の外側の環境の屈折率N o を定数とし、
mを1以上の定数としたとき、
- 前記屈折率N、前記屈折率N o 、前記光学素子の前記中心からの半径r>0、前記半径rの最大値ro は、
- 前記第1の媒質と前記連続屈折率分布領域が接する接領域との屈折率をNmaxとし、
前記接領域の半径をrc としたとき、
rc<roであり、
- 前記第1の媒質は、太陽電池である、請求項1乃至請求項3のいずれか1項に記載の光学素子。
- 請求項1乃至請求項3のいずれか1項に記載の光学素子と、
光源と
を備え、
前記第1の媒質は蛍光体であり、
前記光源から第1の波長が射出され、
前記蛍光体は、前記第1の波長を吸収し、前記第1の波長よりも波長が長い第2の波長に変換し射出する、照明装置。 - 請求項1乃至請求項3のいずれか1項に記載の光学素子と、
太陽電池と
を備え、
前記太陽電池は、前記第1の媒質にある、太陽電池装置。
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JP2019168953A JP7317646B2 (ja) | 2019-09-18 | 2019-09-18 | 光学素子、照明装置、及び、太陽電池装置 |
EP20159739.0A EP3795923B1 (en) | 2019-09-18 | 2020-02-27 | Optical element, lighting apparatus, and solar cell device |
US16/804,027 US11888438B2 (en) | 2019-09-18 | 2020-02-28 | Optical element, lighting apparatus and solar cell device |
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WO2011109096A1 (en) | 2010-03-03 | 2011-09-09 | Cree, Inc | Led lamp incorporating remote phosphor with heat dissipation features |
US20140076398A1 (en) | 2010-09-07 | 2014-03-20 | Ben Gurion University Of The Negev | Spherical gradient index (grin) lenses and their uses in solar concentration |
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