JP7311855B2 - 嗜癖および関連する障害を処置するための化合物および方法 - Google Patents
嗜癖および関連する障害を処置するための化合物および方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP7311855B2 JP7311855B2 JP2020542570A JP2020542570A JP7311855B2 JP 7311855 B2 JP7311855 B2 JP 7311855B2 JP 2020542570 A JP2020542570 A JP 2020542570A JP 2020542570 A JP2020542570 A JP 2020542570A JP 7311855 B2 JP7311855 B2 JP 7311855B2
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Classifications
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- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/495—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with two or more nitrogen atoms as the only ring heteroatoms, e.g. piperazine or tetrazines
- A61K31/505—Pyrimidines; Hydrogenated pyrimidines, e.g. trimethoprim
- A61K31/519—Pyrimidines; Hydrogenated pyrimidines, e.g. trimethoprim ortho- or peri-condensed with heterocyclic rings
- A61K31/52—Purines, e.g. adenine
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- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/70—Carbohydrates; Sugars; Derivatives thereof
- A61K31/7042—Compounds having saccharide radicals and heterocyclic rings
- A61K31/7052—Compounds having saccharide radicals and heterocyclic rings having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. nucleosides, nucleotides
- A61K31/706—Compounds having saccharide radicals and heterocyclic rings having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. nucleosides, nucleotides containing six-membered rings with nitrogen as a ring hetero atom
- A61K31/7064—Compounds having saccharide radicals and heterocyclic rings having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. nucleosides, nucleotides containing six-membered rings with nitrogen as a ring hetero atom containing condensed or non-condensed pyrimidines
- A61K31/7076—Compounds having saccharide radicals and heterocyclic rings having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. nucleosides, nucleotides containing six-membered rings with nitrogen as a ring hetero atom containing condensed or non-condensed pyrimidines containing purines, e.g. adenosine, adenylic acid
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- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K45/00—Medicinal preparations containing active ingredients not provided for in groups A61K31/00 - A61K41/00
- A61K45/06—Mixtures of active ingredients without chemical characterisation, e.g. antiphlogistics and cardiaca
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
- A61P25/30—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system for treating abuse or dependence
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
- A61P25/30—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system for treating abuse or dependence
- A61P25/36—Opioid-abuse
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D473/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing purine ring systems
- C07D473/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing purine ring systems with oxygen, sulphur, or nitrogen atoms directly attached in positions 2 and 6
- C07D473/24—Heterocyclic compounds containing purine ring systems with oxygen, sulphur, or nitrogen atoms directly attached in positions 2 and 6 one nitrogen and one sulfur atom
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D473/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing purine ring systems
- C07D473/26—Heterocyclic compounds containing purine ring systems with an oxygen, sulphur, or nitrogen atom directly attached in position 2 or 6, but not in both
- C07D473/32—Nitrogen atom
- C07D473/34—Nitrogen atom attached in position 6, e.g. adenine
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D473/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing purine ring systems
- C07D473/40—Heterocyclic compounds containing purine ring systems with halogen atoms or perhalogeno-alkyl radicals directly attached in position 2 or 6
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- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/14—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from dynamo-electric generators driven at varying speed, e.g. on vehicle
- H02J7/1415—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from dynamo-electric generators driven at varying speed, e.g. on vehicle with a generator driven by a prime mover other than the motor of a vehicle
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K11/00—Structural association of dynamo-electric machines with electric components or with devices for shielding, monitoring or protection
- H02K11/20—Structural association of dynamo-electric machines with electric components or with devices for shielding, monitoring or protection for measuring, monitoring, testing, protecting or switching
- H02K11/21—Devices for sensing speed or position, or actuated thereby
- H02K11/22—Optical devices
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K11/00—Structural association of dynamo-electric machines with electric components or with devices for shielding, monitoring or protection
- H02K11/30—Structural association with control circuits or drive circuits
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K21/00—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets
- H02K21/02—Details
- H02K21/04—Windings on magnets for additional excitation ; Windings and magnets for additional excitation
- H02K21/046—Windings on magnets for additional excitation ; Windings and magnets for additional excitation with rotating permanent magnets and stationary field winding
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K21/00—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets
- H02K21/12—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K29/00—Motors or generators having non-mechanical commutating devices, e.g. discharge tubes or semiconductor devices
- H02K29/06—Motors or generators having non-mechanical commutating devices, e.g. discharge tubes or semiconductor devices with position sensing devices
- H02K29/10—Motors or generators having non-mechanical commutating devices, e.g. discharge tubes or semiconductor devices with position sensing devices using light effect devices
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P9/00—Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output
- H02P9/02—Details of the control
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
- H03K17/00—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
- H03K17/51—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used
- H03K17/78—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used using opto-electronic devices, i.e. light-emitting and photoelectric devices electrically- or optically-coupled
- H03K17/785—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used using opto-electronic devices, i.e. light-emitting and photoelectric devices electrically- or optically-coupled controlling field-effect transistor switches
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Description
(関連出願の相互参照)
コカイン自己投与マウスは、脳のVTA(腹側被蓋野)中に有意により高いグルタメートレベルを示す。VTA、特に、VTAドーパミンニューロンは、報酬系、動機づけ、認知および薬物嗜癖においていくつかの機能を果たし、いくつかの精神障害の中心であり得る。上昇したグルタメートレベルは、少なくとも1つには、星状膠細胞中へのグルタメート取り込みの減少によるものと思われる。理論に拘束されることを望まないが、グルタメートの低下した利用可能性は星状膠細胞機能に対して負の効果を有し、この機能の低下はニューロンの活動および薬物探索行動に影響を及ぼすことが考えられる。本明細書に開示されている化合物は、例えば、星状膠細胞機能のこのような低下を反転させることによって、嗜癖に陥った個体を処置し、またはその再発を予防することがここに見出された。星状膠細胞機能のこのような低下は、一つには、星状膠細胞中のグルタメート輸送体(GLT-1)の低下した発現によるものであり得る。星状膠細胞はATPを産生するためにグルタメートを代謝するので、これは、グルタメートの取り込みを損ない、星状膠細胞の酸化的代謝および下流のATP依存性過程を弱め、これにより、星状膠細胞がVTAニューロンの活動にとって最適な環境を維持する能力を弱める可能性がある。
本明細書において使用される「嗜癖」という用語には、別段の指定がなければ、物質への身体的または心理的依存を含む。嗜癖は、物質が中断されると、離脱症状または精神的もしくは身体的苦痛を伴い得る。いくつかの実施形態において、嗜癖には、薬物嗜好、薬物依存、習慣形成、神経および/もしくはシナプスの変化、脳内報酬系障害の発症、行動の変化または被験体中での嗜癖のその他の徴候もしくは症状の1またはそれより多くが含まれる。
一態様において、本発明は、嗜癖などの開示された疾患、障害または状態を予防し、処置し、好転させ、またはかかる疾患、障害または状態からの回復を促進するのに有用な化合物を提供する。いくつかの実施形態において、該化合物は、星状膠細胞によって媒介される神経保護および神経再生を増加させる。いくつかの実施形態において、該化合物は、A3受容体に対して選択的である、例えば、他のアデノシン受容体と比べて少なくとも10倍、または例えば、他のアデノシン受容体と比べて25倍、50倍、100倍、500倍もしくは1000倍超、A3受容体に対して選択的である。いくつかの実施形態において、該化合物は、A3受容体を選択的に調節する。いくつかの実施形態において、該化合物は、A3受容体における選択的アゴニストである。いくつかの実施形態において、該化合物は、A3受容体における選択的部分アゴニストである。いくつかの実施形態において、該化合物は、A1およびA3受容体の両方における二重部分アゴニストである。いくつかの実施形態において、化合物はバイアス完全または部分アゴニストである。いくつかの実施形態において、化合物はバイアス完全または部分アンタゴニストである。
薬学的に許容され得る組成物
別の実施形態によれば、本発明は、開示された化合物と、薬学的に許容され得る担体、佐剤またはビヒクルとを含む組成物を提供する。ある実施形態において、本発明の組成物は、このような組成物を必要とする患者への投与のために製剤化される。いくつかの実施形態において、本発明の組成物は、患者への経口投与のために製剤化される。
本明細書に記載されている化合物および組成物は、一般に、脳損傷および神経変性状態などの様々な疾患および状態の処置ならびに本明細書に開示されている様々な方法にとって有用である。
本研究は、エネルギー代謝と薬物嗜癖間の関係を調べる初めての研究であると考えられる。
初代細胞培養
プロトコールは、McCarthyら、1980(4)から改変した。簡潔に述べると、イソフルランでマウスを麻酔し、次いで、頸椎脱臼した。素早く脳を取り出し、トリプシン中で細かく切断し、37℃で30分間インキュベートした。10%FCSおよびプリモシン(primocin)を有するDMEM/F-12培地を加え、脳を砕いて均質化し、100μMメッシュを通してろ過し、培養フラスコ中に播種した。翌日、ホモジネートを新しいフラスコに移し、以前のフラスコに新しい培地を加えた。細胞が70%コンフルエントになるまで、3~4日ごとにDMEM/F-12培地を交換しながら、3~4週間、細胞を増殖させた。
Santa Cruz(glud1#145446-V、スクランブル#108080について)から取得したshRNAレンチウイルス構築物で細胞を形質導入した。次いで、96ウェル皿中に、単一細胞/ウェルの密度で細胞を播種し、ピューロマイシンを用いて選択した。クローンを増殖し、ウェスタンブロットによってノックダウンに関して試験した。
培養細胞をリン酸緩衝食塩水(PBS)で2回洗浄し、PIを有するRIPA緩衝液(Roche)を添加した。セルリフターを用いて細胞を掻き取り、1.7mL Eppendorf管中に置いた。細胞を短時間超音波処理し、最大速度で20分間、予め冷却された卓上遠心機上で遠心した。タンパク質濃度を測定するために、BCAアッセイを使用した(Thermo Fisher)。10%SDS-ポリアクリルアミドゲル上にタンパク質をローディングし、ニトロセルロースに転写した。5%ミルク/TBSTまたは3%BSA/TBSTのいずれかの中で、ブロットをブロックした。GDH(Proteintech、1:1000)、GFAP(Abcam、1:500)、GLAST(1:500)、アクチン(Sigma、1:1000)およびグルタミン合成酵素(1:250)についてブロットをプローブした。デンシトメトリーは、ImageJソフトウェアを用いて判定し、統計は、GraphPad Prismソフトウェアを用いて解析した。
白色の不透明な底の96ウェル皿(Corning)中に、3000~5000細胞/ウェルの密度で、星状膠細胞を播種した。細胞をガラクトース培地中で試験した場合には、細胞はガラクトース培地中に播種され、処理に供する前に、最低16時間放置した。グルコース、ピルベート、フェノールおよびグルタミンを含まないDMEM(Gibco)を用いて、ガラクトース培地を作製し、次いで、0.9mg/mLガラクトース(Sigma)、ピルベート(Quality biological、Inc)および10%透析されたFBS(Gibco)を補充した。別段の記載がなければ、処理は20分間行い、薬物の濃度は別の箇所に記載した。使用した薬物:MRS2365、MRS2500、AST-004、3-プロピル-6-エチル-5-[(エチルチオ)カルボニル]-2フェニル-4-プロピル-3-ピリジンカルボキシレート(MRS1523)(Tocris Bioscience)、ジクロロ酢酸ナトリウム(DCA)(Sigma Aldrich)、オリゴマイシン(Sigma Aldrich)、1-(2-(2-tert-ブチルフェノキシ)ピリジン-3-イル)-3-(4-(トリフルオロメトキシ)フェニル)尿素(BPTU)(Millipore)およびRuthenium360(Cal Biochem)。次に、細胞から培地を取り除き、100μLの新鮮な培地を直ちに添加した。次いで、95μLのATPlite1-Stepキットの混合発光基質を添加した(Perkin-Elmer)。アルミホイルでプレートを包み、ルミノメーター上での読み取りの前に、プレート回転装置上で3分間振盪した。読み取り値は、Coomassie Plus Bradfordアッセイ(Thermo Fisher)によって決定されたタンパク質に対して正規化した。全ての統計は、GraphPad Prismソフトウェアを用いて解析した。
Ca2+活性は、以前に記載されたとおりに画像化した(5)。要約すると、各実験の3および4晩前に、カバーガラス上に星状膠細胞を播種した。実験の30分前に、蛍光性Ca2+感受性色素(10μM、Cal520、細胞透過性、Abcam)とともに、培養皿をインキュベートした。画像は、1.5画像/秒の速度で、共焦点レーザー走査顕微鏡を用いて取得した。データは、室温で、記録緩衝液(120mM NaCl、4.5mM KCl、1mm CaCl2、2mM MgCl2、10mM HEPES、pH7.4)中で取得した。画像は、Image JおよびNIS Elementsを用いて解析した。
OCRは、ミトコンドリアの呼吸を計算するために測定され、Seahorse XF96細胞外フラックスアナライザーを用いて実施した。96ウェル系は、約5分の間隔で、培養されたインタクトな細胞単層からOCRを測定する。OCR測定の少なくとも2日前に、Seahorseマイクロプレート上に星状膠細胞を播種した。順次、ATP合成酵素に起因するOCRに対応するATP合成酵素阻害剤オリゴマイシンを添加し(残りのOCRは、プロトン漏出である)、続いて、ミトコンドリアを脱共役し、最大呼吸を明らかにするプロトンイオノフォアであるFCCPを添加することによって、ミトコンドリアの呼吸調節の主な側面の全てを、この機器を用いて測定した。それぞれ、複合体IおよびIIIの阻害剤であるロテノンおよびアンチマイシンの注入は、非ミトコンドリア酸素消費を明らかにする。
開頭術を行うために高速電気ドリル(Fine Science Tools)を使用し、血塊が可視化されるまで、561nmレーザーで血管を照射するために、Nikon Eclipse TE200を使用したことを除いて、以前に記載されたとおりに(2,3)脳卒中を実施した。次いで、脳卒中形成後30分以内に、表記濃度の100μLの薬物またはビヒクルを動物に腹腔内注射した。
本発明者らは、十分に摂食させたマウスにおける静脈内コカイン自己投与を記載する本発明者らの最近公表された研究(6、7)から採用された手法を使用した。雄のC57BL/6Jマウス(6~7週齢)をJackson labsから購入し、食物および水へ自由にアクセスできるようにしながら、12/12時間の反転明暗サイクル(0900時に消灯)で飼育した。コカイン塩酸塩(NIDAドラッグサプライプログラム、Bethesda、MDから厚意により提供された)を、無菌生理食塩水(NaCl0.9%)中に溶解した。若い成体マウスの典型的な体重(28g)に基づいて、注入当たり0.5mg/kg/12μLを送達する濃度でコカインを調製した。マウスの右の頸静脈中に、留置カテーテルを移植した。手術の1週間後に、毎日2時間のセッションで、コカイン静脈内注入を求める鼻の突き出しを行うように、オペラントチャンバー中でマウスを訓練した。各オペラントチャンバーは、鼻の突き出しが注入をもたらす「正しい」穴と機能しない「誤った」穴の両方を含有した。訓練は、1の固定比率(FR1)の強化スケジュールで行い、少なくとも8つの注入が3日連続することおよび70%の正/誤鼻の突き出し比率を「学習」と定義した。自己投与が獲得されたら、マウスは、少なくとも7日間、FR3スケジュールに進み、最後の3日間の安定な摂取としてベースラインを定義した。マウス(n=5/群)をコカイン摂取によって釣り合わせ、浸透圧ミニポンプを介して食塩水またはAST-004を受けるように割り振った。肩甲骨の間にある背側のポケット中に、食塩水(ピンク、100μL)またはAST004(紫、2.78mMで100μL)のいずれかを含有する浸透圧ミニポンプ(Alzet、モデル1004)を皮下に移植した。ポンプ移植からの1~2日間の回復の後に、毎日のコカイン自己投与セッション(FR3で)を再開し、さらに2週間継続した。提示されているデータは、ベースラインにおける各マウスの個別のコカイン摂取に対して正規化されている。本発明者らのデータは、AST-004で処置されたマウスは、食塩水処置されたマウスと比べて、2週間にわたって、摂取の減少を示したことを示す。群間での摂取の差は、5日間の自己投与の後に顕著であり、2週間ずっと持続し、AST-004処置された群では、摂取がベースラインのおよそ60%に安定して減少した(これに対して、食塩水処置されたマウスは、同じ期間にわたって、摂取の増加を示した。)。
1 Wu,J.ら、Purinergic receptor-stimulated IP3-mediated Ca2+release enhances neuroprotection by increasing astrocyte mitochondrial metabolism during aging.J Neurosci 27、6510-6520、doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1256-07.2007(2007)。
AST-004またはMRS1873(AST-008)などの開示された化合物が、A3受容体において、バイアスのかかった受容体活性化作用を示すかどうか(機能的選択性またはアゴニスト輸送としても知られる。)を決定するために、以下のアッセイを使用し得る。
AST-004およびMRS1873(AST-008)などの類似の化合物は、本分野において公知の方法にしたがって調製し得る。例えば、AST-004は、Choi,W.J.ら、J.Org.Chem.2004,69,2634-2636、Tosh,D.K.ら、Purinergic Signalling 2015,11,371-387;およびChem.Eur.J.,2009,15,6244-6257に記載されている経路に従うことにより、D-リボースから調製し得る。下記のスキーム1および2は、合成経路を示す。
スキーム1:AST-004の合成
スキーム2:AST-004の合成(続き)
本発明は、例えば、以下の項目を提供する。
(項目1)
嗜癖、嗜癖性行動、行動的嗜癖、脳内報酬系障害、強迫障害もしくは関連する状態を処置し、またはそれからの回復を促進する方法であって、嗜癖、嗜癖性行動、行動的嗜癖、脳内報酬系障害、強迫障害もしくは関連する状態を処置し、またはそれからの回復を促進することを必要とする被験体に、有効量の、
から選択される化合物または薬学的に許容され得るこれらの塩を投与することを含む、方法。
(項目2)
乱用可能性を有する物質もしくは薬物への嗜癖によって引き起こされる離脱を処置し、またはそれからの回復を促進する方法であって、乱用可能性を有する物質もしくは薬物への嗜癖によって引き起こされる離脱を処置し、またはそれからの回復を促進することを必要とする被験体に、有効量の、
から選択される化合物または薬学的に許容され得るこれらの塩を投与することを含む、方法。
(項目3)
前記化合物が、
または薬学的に許容され得るその塩である、項目1または2に記載の方法。
(項目4)
前記化合物が、
または薬学的に許容され得るその塩である、項目1または2に記載の方法。
(項目5)
前記嗜癖が、アルコール、ニコチン、麻薬、処方薬またはレクリエーショナルドラッグから選択される乱用可能性を有する物質または薬物に対するものである、項目1~4のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
(項目6)
前記乱用可能性を有する物質または薬物が、刺激薬、抑制剤、カンナビノイドアゴニストまたはオピオイドアゴニストから選択される、項目1~5のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
(項目7)
前記乱用可能性を有する物質または薬物が、ヘロイン、コカイン、アルコール、ニコチン、吸入剤、バルビツレート、ベンゾジアゼピン、処方オピオイドアゴニスト鎮痛剤、ニコチン、アンフェタミンまたはこれらの類縁体、塩、組成物もしくは組み合わせから選択される、項目5または6に記載の方法。
(項目8)
前記乱用可能性を有する物質または薬物が、アルコール、ニコチン、ヘロイン、コカイン、テトラヒドロカンナビノール(THC)、アモバルビタール、アロバルビタール、アプロバルビタール、アルフェナール、バルビタール、ブラロバルビタール、ペントバルビタール、フェノバルビタール、セコバルビタール、メホバルビタール、ブタバルビタール、ツイナール、ジアゼパム(バリウム)、アルプラゾラム、ロラゼパム、クロナゼパム、ゾルピデム、ブプロピオン、カチノン、MDMA、アンフェタミン、メタンフェタミン、デキストロアンフェタミン、メチルフェニデート、アヘン、モルヒネ、オキシコドン、コデイン、メサドン、メペリジン、オキシモルフォン、ヒドロコドン、トラマドール、カルフェンタニル、ヒドロモルフォンもしくはフェンタニルまたはこれらの薬学的に許容され得る塩もしくは類縁体、またはこれらの組み合わせから選択される、項目6または7に記載の方法。
(項目9)
前記被験体がアルコールまたはニコチン嗜癖を有する、項目1~8のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
(項目10)
前記被験体が多種薬剤乱用者である、項目1~9のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
(項目11)
前記嗜癖によって引き起こされた星状膠細胞中へのグルタメート取り込みの減少を少なくとも部分的に反転させる、項目1~10のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
(項目12)
星状膠細胞、膠細胞、小膠細胞、ニューロン、内皮細胞または脳および/もしくは中枢神経系(CNS)のその他の細胞によって媒介されるエネルギー代謝を増加させる、項目1~11のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
(項目13)
前記被験体中の嗜癖または嗜癖性行動を処置し、またはその再発を予防する、項目1~12のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
(項目14)
前記化合物が、離脱中である嗜癖に陥った個体における離脱症状を減少させる、項目1~13のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
(項目15)
嗜癖性行動、行動的嗜癖、脳内報酬系障害、強迫障害もしくは関連する状態を予防し、好転させ、処置し、またはそれからの回復を促進する方法であって、嗜癖性行動、行動的嗜癖、脳内報酬系障害、強迫障害もしくは関連する状態を予防し、好転させ、処置し、またはそれからの回復を促進することを必要とする被験体に、有効量の、
から選択される化合物または薬学的に許容され得るこれらの塩を投与することを含む、方法。
(項目16)
離脱を処置するための第二の薬物を同時投与することをさらに含む、項目15に記載の方法。
(項目17)
前記嗜癖性行動、行動的嗜癖、脳内報酬系障害、強迫障害または関連する状態が、強迫性障害(OCD)、トゥレット症候群、抜毛癖、食欲不振、過食症、不安障害、精神病または心的外傷後ストレス障害である、項目15または16に記載の方法。
(項目18)
前記嗜癖性行動、行動的嗜癖、脳内報酬系障害、強迫障害または関連する状態が、ギャンブル嗜癖、セックス嗜癖、ポルノ嗜癖、摂食障害、消費嗜癖、激怒/怒り、仕事中毒、運動嗜癖、リスクを追及する嗜癖、完全主義、インターネットもしくはテレビゲーム嗜癖または電子機器の強迫性使用である、項目15または16に記載の方法。
Claims (18)
- 前記嗜癖が、アルコール、ニコチン、麻薬、処方薬またはレクリエーショナルドラッグから選択される乱用可能性を有する物質または薬物に対するものである、請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- 前記乱用可能性を有する物質または薬物が、刺激薬、抑制剤、カンナビノイドアゴニストまたはオピオイドアゴニストから選択される、請求項1~5のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- 前記乱用可能性を有する物質または薬物が、ヘロイン、コカイン、アルコール、ニコチン、吸入剤、バルビツレート、ベンゾジアゼピン、処方オピオイドアゴニスト鎮痛剤、ニコチン、アンフェタミンまたはこれらの類縁体、塩、組成物もしくは組み合わせから選択される、請求項5または6に記載の組成物。
- 前記乱用可能性を有する物質または薬物が、アルコール、ニコチン、ヘロイン、コカイン、テトラヒドロカンナビノール(THC)、アモバルビタール、アロバルビタール、アプロバルビタール、アルフェナール、バルビタール、ブラロバルビタール、ペントバルビタール、フェノバルビタール、セコバルビタール、メホバルビタール、ブタバルビタール、ツイナール、ジアゼパム(バリウム)、アルプラゾラム、ロラゼパム、クロナゼパム、ゾルピデム、ブプロピオン、カチノン、MDMA、アンフェタミン、メタンフェタミン、デキストロアンフェタミン、メチルフェニデート、アヘン、モルヒネ、オキシコドン、コデイン、メサドン、メペリジン、オキシモルフォン、ヒドロコドン、トラマドール、カルフェンタニル、ヒドロモルフォンもしくはフェンタニルまたはこれらの薬学的に許容され得る塩もしくは類縁体、またはこれらの組み合わせから選択される、請求項6または7に記載の組成物。
- 前記被験体がアルコールまたはニコチン嗜癖を有する、請求項1~8のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- 前記被験体が多種薬剤乱用者である、請求項1~9のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- 前記嗜癖によって引き起こされた星状膠細胞中へのグルタメート取り込みの減少を少なくとも部分的に反転させる、請求項1~10のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- 星状膠細胞、膠細胞、小膠細胞、ニューロン、内皮細胞または脳および/もしくは中枢神経系(CNS)のその他の細胞によって媒介されるエネルギー代謝を増加させる、請求項1~11のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- 前記被験体中の嗜癖または嗜癖性行動を処置し、またはその再発を予防する、請求項1~12のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- 前記組成物が、離脱中である嗜癖に陥った個体における離脱症状を減少させる、請求項1~13のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- 前記組成物が離脱を処置するための第二の薬物と同時投与されることを特徴とする、請求項15に記載の組成物。
- 前記嗜癖性行動、行動的嗜癖、脳内報酬系障害、または強迫障害が、強迫性障害(OCD)、トゥレット症候群、抜毛癖、食欲不振、過食症、不安障害、精神病または心的外傷後ストレス障害である、請求項15または16に記載の組成物。
- 前記嗜癖性行動、行動的嗜癖、脳内報酬系障害、または強迫障害が、ギャンブル嗜癖、セックス嗜癖、ポルノ嗜癖、摂食障害、消費嗜癖、激怒/怒り、仕事中毒、運動嗜癖、リスクを追及する嗜癖、完全主義、インターネットもしくはテレビゲーム嗜癖または電子機器の強迫性使用である、請求項15または16に記載の組成物。
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