JP7301252B2 - antenna device - Google Patents

Description

The present disclosure relates to antenna arrangements, such as for use in terminals that receive polarized waves transmitted from, for example, satellite telephone services or Global Positioning System (GPS) satellites.

Terminals that receive polarized waves transmitted from satellite telephone services or global positioning system satellites shall use circularly polarized antennas in order to prevent polarization loss from increasing even if the terminal user moves. There is
Circularly polarized antennas such as spiral antennas are known to grow in size when trying to achieve a wider band. It has been known.
Patent Document 1 proposes an antenna device that suppresses reception of unnecessary back lobes and enables miniaturization.
In the antenna device disclosed in Patent Document 1, a plurality of element antennas are installed on the surface of a first ground conductor, and a second ground conductor and a second ground conductor are arranged in parallel with the first ground conductor and a dielectric substrate interposed therebetween. A portion that operates as a microstrip resonator is provided between the second ground conductor and a third ground conductor arranged in parallel.

WO2019/064470

However, further miniaturization is desired for antenna devices used in terminals for receiving polarized waves transmitted from satellite telephone services or global positioning system satellites.

The present disclosure has been made in view of the above points, and an object of the present disclosure is to obtain an antenna device in which back lobes radiated behind the antenna are reduced without increasing the size of the antenna.

An antenna device according to the present disclosure includes a feeding point that excites a high-frequency signal, a first conductor that has one end serving as a first open end and extends linearly between the feeding point and the first open end, becomes a second open end, and a second conductor extending spirally between the feeding point and the second open end in a direction different from the direction from the feeding point to the first open end .

According to the present disclosure, it is possible to reduce the size and suppress the back lobe radiated to the rear of the antenna.

1 is a front view showing an antenna device according to Embodiment 1; FIG. FIG. 2 is an image diagram showing a current distribution and a radiation pattern in the antenna device according to Embodiment 1; 4 is a conceptual diagram when electric fields radiated from a current source J and a magnetic current source M in the antenna device according to Embodiment 1 are synthesized. FIG. FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a radiation pattern in the antenna device according to Embodiment 1; FIG. FIG. 8 is a front view showing an antenna device according to Embodiment 2; FIG. 11 is a front view showing an antenna device according to Embodiment 3; FIG. 12 is a front view showing an antenna device according to Embodiment 4; FIG. 11 is a perspective view showing an antenna device according to Embodiment 5; FIG. 11 is an image diagram showing a current distribution in mode 3 in the antenna device according to Embodiment 5; FIG. 12 is a perspective view showing an antenna device according to Embodiment 6; FIG. 11 is an image diagram showing a current distribution in the antenna device according to Embodiment 6; FIG. 12 is a perspective view showing an antenna device according to Embodiment 7; FIG. 11 is a plan view showing an antenna device according to Embodiment 7 with a plurality of element antennas omitted; FIG. 12 is a diagram showing numerical analysis results of an element antenna in an antenna device according to Embodiment 7; FIG. 21 is a perspective view showing an antenna device according to an eighth embodiment; FIG. 21 is a plan view showing an antenna device according to Embodiment 8 with a plurality of element antennas omitted; FIG. 21 is a perspective view showing an antenna device according to a ninth embodiment; FIG. 20 is a perspective view showing an antenna device according to a tenth embodiment; FIG. 20 is a diagram showing numerical analysis results of element antennas in the antenna device according to the tenth embodiment;

Embodiment 1.
An antenna device according to Embodiment 1 will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 4. FIG.
In FIG. 1, the z-axis is an axis indicating the zenith direction, and the x-axis and the y-axis are axes orthogonal to each other on a horizontal plane orthogonal to the zenith direction. In this disclosure, x-axis, y-axis, and z-axis all refer to the same axis.
The antenna device according to Embodiment 1 is a dipole antenna-shaped antenna device, and functions as a transmitting antenna and a receiving antenna.
The antenna device according to Embodiment 1 includes a feeding point 10 , a first conductor 20 and a second conductor 30 .

The feed point 10 is a portion that excites a high frequency signal and is a gap formed between the first conductor 20 and the second conductor 30 .
When functioning as a transmitting antenna, a high-frequency signal is supplied to the feeding point 10 and electromagnetic waves are radiated from the first conductor 20 and the second conductor 30 .
When functioning as a receiving antenna, electromagnetic waves are received by the first conductor 20 and the second conductor 30 and a high frequency signal is output from the feeding point 10 .

The first conductor 20 is a conductor that has one end serving as a first open end 20a and linearly extending between the feeding point 10 and the first open end 20a. The first conductor 20 is parallel to the x-axis in FIG.

The second conductors 30 are arranged in the same plane as the first conductors 20, ie the xz plane including the zenith direction.
The second conductor 30 has a second open end 30a at one end, and the direction between the feeding point 10 and the second open end 30a is different from the direction from the feeding point 10 to the first open end 20a, In this example, it extends spirally in opposite directions. The spiral shape of the second conductor 30 is rectangular.
The second conductor 30 may be arranged on the plane on which the first conductor 20 is arranged, that is, the plane orthogonal to the xz plane, that is, the yz plane.

The total length from the first open end 20a of the first conductor 20 to the second open end 30a of the second conductor 30 is half the wavelength corresponding to the resonance frequency. However, 1/2 wavelength does not strictly mean only 1/2 wavelength, but includes the allowable range for ±1/2 wavelength.

In the antenna device according to Embodiment 1 configured as described above, when a high-frequency signal is supplied to the feeding point 10 , electromagnetic waves are radiated from the first conductor 20 and the second conductor 30 .
At this time, the first conductor 20 becomes a current source J and the second conductor 30 becomes a magnetic current source M, as shown in FIG.
It can be considered that the antenna device according to the first embodiment radiates into space an electromagnetic wave obtained by synthesizing the radiation from the current source J by the first conductor 20 and the radiation from the magnetic current source M by the second conductor 30 .

That is, as shown in FIG. 3, the radiation from the current source J by the first conductor 20 has the same electric field intensity E(φ _JA ) in the ± directions of the z-axis and is in phase (see FIG. 3a).
On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 3, the radiation from the magnetic current source M by the second conductor 30 has the same electric field strength E(φ _MA ) in the ± directions of the z-axis as with the current source J, but has an opposite phase. becomes (see b in FIG. 3).

Therefore, an electromagnetic wave obtained by synthesizing radiation from the current source J by the first conductor 20 and the magnetic current source M by the second conductor 30 is the current source J by the first conductor 20 and the magnetic current source M by the second conductor 30. are arranged perpendicular to each other, the electric field in the + direction of the z-axis is the sum of the electric field strength E(φ _JA ) and the electric field strength E(φ _MA ), and the z-axis Electric fields in the - direction are cancelled.

When the radiation pattern in the antenna device of Embodiment 1 was calculated, the radiation pattern shown in FIG. 4 was obtained.
As can be understood from the results of FIG. 4, the antenna device of Embodiment 1 radiates electromagnetic waves with a unidirectional radiation pattern.

As described above, the antenna device according to the first embodiment includes the first conductor 20 extending linearly and the second conductor 30 extending spirally. An electromagnetic wave with a unidirectional radiation pattern in which the back lobe radiated in the rear of the antenna, that is, in the - direction of the z-axis can be reduced and suppressed is radiated.

That is, in the antenna device according to the first embodiment, the total length from the first open end 20a of the first conductor 20 to the second open end 30a of the second conductor 30 is 0.00 of the wavelength corresponding to the resonance frequency. If the range is from 48 wavelengths to 0.8 wavelengths, a compact, linearly polarized radiation pattern that is unidirectional in the + direction of the z-axis can be obtained.

Embodiment 2.
An antenna device according to Embodiment 2 will be described with reference to FIG.
The spiral shape of the second conductor 31 in the antenna device according to the second embodiment is circular, while the spiral shape of the second conductor 30 in the antenna device according to the first embodiment is rectangular. The only difference is that the other points are the same.
In FIG. 5, the same reference numerals as those in FIG. 1 denote the same or corresponding parts.
The antenna device according to the second embodiment has the same effects as the antenna device according to the first embodiment.

Embodiment 3.
An antenna device according to Embodiment 3 will be described with reference to FIG.
The shape of the first conductor 21 in the antenna device according to the third embodiment has a meandering shape, whereas the shape of the first conductor 20 in the antenna device according to the first embodiment is linear. are different, and otherwise the same.
In FIG. 5, the same reference numerals as those in FIG. 1 denote the same or corresponding parts.

The antenna device according to the third embodiment has the same effect as the antenna device according to the first embodiment.
The spiral shape of the second conductor 30 in the antenna device according to the third embodiment may be circular like the spiral shape of the second conductor 31 in the antenna device according to the second embodiment.

Embodiment 4.
An antenna device according to Embodiment 4 will be described with reference to FIG.
The antenna apparatus according to Embodiment 4 is different from the antenna apparatus according to Embodiment 1 in that it further includes a balanced-unbalanced converter 40 and a coaxial line 50, and the other points are the same.
In FIG. 7, the same reference numerals as those in FIG. 1 denote the same or corresponding parts.

Balanced-unbalanced converter 40 is a balun for balanced-unbalanced conversion and is connected to feeding point 10 .
The coaxial line 50 is a coaxial cable having an inner conductor and an outer conductor for supplying high frequency signals, one end of the inner conductor and the outer conductor is connected to the balanced-unbalanced converter 40, and the antenna device functions as a transmitting antenna. In this case, a high frequency signal is input from the other end of the inner conductor. The other end of the outer conductor is grounded and shields the inner conductor.

Even if a high-frequency signal is input from the other end of the inner conductor of the coaxial line 50 and an unbalanced current flows on the surface of the outer conductor of the coaxial line 50, one end of the inner conductor and the outer conductor of the coaxial line 50 is balanced-unbalanced. Since it is connected to the feeding point 10 via the converter 40, the amplitudes of the currents flowing in the first conductor 20 and the second conductor 30 are equal, and the unbalanced current flowing on the surface of the outer conductor of the coaxial line 50 causes Radiation from first conductor 20 and second conductor 30 is unaffected.

The antenna device according to Embodiment 4 can obtain the same effects as the antenna device according to Embodiment 1, and the antenna device according to Embodiment 4 can reduce and suppress back lobes radiated behind the antenna. In addition, it radiates electromagnetic waves with a more precise unidirectional radiation pattern.

In addition, in the antenna device according to the fourth embodiment, the spiral shape of the second conductor 30 may be circular as in the antenna device according to the second embodiment.
Moreover, in the antenna device according to the fourth embodiment, the shape of the first conductor 21 may be a meandering shape as in the antenna device according to the third embodiment.

Embodiment 5.
An antenna device according to Embodiment 5 will be described with reference to FIGS. 8 and 9. FIG.
The antenna device according to Embodiment 5 is different in that the antenna device according to Embodiment 1 is in the shape of a dipole antenna, whereas the antenna device according to Embodiment 1 is in the shape of a monopole antenna. are the same.
8 and 9, the same reference numerals as those in FIGS. 1 and 2 indicate the same or corresponding parts.

The antenna device according to Embodiment 5 includes a feeding point 11 , a first conductor 22 , a second conductor 32 , a third conductor 60 and a first ground conductor 72 .
One end of the third conductor 60 extends to the vicinity of the surface of the first ground conductor 72, and the other end extends linearly to the branch point 60a in the zenith direction, that is, in the + direction of the z-axis.

A connection point between one end of the third conductor 60 and the surface of the first ground conductor 72 is the feeding point 11 .
The feed point 11 is a portion that excites a high frequency signal and is a gap formed between the third conductor 60 and the first ground conductor 72 .
Feed point 11 may not be formed as a physical component, and one end of third conductor 60 may be directly connected to the surface of first ground conductor 72 . In this case, the feeding point 11 is a point where one end of the third conductor 60 and the surface of the first ground conductor 72 are directly connected.

A first ground conductor 72 is arranged on the surface of the dielectric substrate 71 . A second ground conductor 73 is arranged parallel to the first ground conductor 72 on the back surface of the dielectric substrate 71 . The first ground conductor 72 and the second ground conductor 73 are electrically connected by a through hole 74 .
The dielectric substrate 71 , the first ground conductor 72 and the second ground conductor 73 constitute the ground conductor substrate 70 .

One end of the first conductor 22 serves as the first open end 20a, and between the branch point 60a and the first open end 20a is the same as the first conductor 20 in the antenna device according to the first embodiment. It is a conductor extending linearly in a horizontal direction perpendicular to the zenith direction, which is parallel to the y-axis in FIG.

The second conductors 32 are arranged in the same plane as the first conductors 22, ie the yz plane including the zenith direction.
The second conductor 32 has a second open end 30a at one end, and the direction between the branch point 60a and the second open end 30a is different from the direction from the branch point 60a to the first open end 20a, In this example, it extends in the opposite direction, downward in the zenith direction, that is, spirally toward the surface of the first ground conductor 72 .
The first conductor 22, the second conductor 32, and the third conductor 60 are integrally molded conductors, and the first conductor 22 and the second conductor 32 are connected to the third conductor 60 at a bifurcation point 60a. branched from
The second conductors 32 may be arranged on the plane on which the first conductors 22 are arranged, that is, the plane perpendicular to the yz plane, that is, the xz plane.

A branch point 60a at which the third conductor 60 branches into the first conductor 22 and the second conductor 32 is connected to the first open end 20a of the first conductor 22 and the second open end 30a of the second conductor 32. is the midpoint between

The total length from the feeding point 11 to the first open end 20a of the first conductor 22 is a quarter wavelength of the wavelength corresponding to the resonance frequency.
The total length from the first open end 20a of the first conductor 22 to the second open end 30a of the second conductor 32 is half the wavelength corresponding to the resonance frequency.
However, 1/4 wavelength and 1/2 wavelength here do not strictly mean only 1/4 wavelength and 1/2 wavelength. Including the range that can be done.

In the antenna device according to the fifth embodiment configured as described above, when a high-frequency signal is supplied to the feeding point 11, electromagnetic waves are radiated from the first conductor 22, the second conductor 32, and the third conductor 60. be.
Resonance occurs in the first conductor 22 at a quarter wavelength of the wavelength corresponding to the resonance frequency. A mode in which resonance occurs in the first conductor 22 is referred to as mode 1 .

The resonance of mode 2 is half the wavelength corresponding to the full-length resonance frequency from the first open end 20a of the first conductor 22 to the second open end 30a of the second conductor 32, and the third A branch point 60a branching from the conductor 60 to the first conductor 22 and the second conductor 32 is positioned midway between the first open end 20a of the first conductor 22 and the second open end 30a of the second conductor 32. It is generated by making a point.

Mode 2 resonance resonates from the first open end 20a of the first conductor 22 to the second open end 30a of the second conductor 32, as shown in FIG.
At this time, the first conductor 22 becomes the current source J and the second conductor 32 becomes the magnetic current source M, as shown in FIG.
In the antenna device according to the fifth embodiment, as in the antenna device according to the first embodiment, the electromagnetic field radiated into space is composed of a current source J by the first conductor 22 and a magnetic current source J by the second conductor 32. The radiation from M is synthesized, and the electric field in the - direction of the z-axis is cancelled.

As a result, the antenna device according to the fifth embodiment radiates electromagnetic waves with a unidirectional radiation pattern.
The antenna device according to the fifth embodiment has the same effects as the antenna device according to the first embodiment.

In addition, in the antenna device according to the fifth embodiment, the spiral shape of the second conductor 32 may be circular as in the antenna device according to the second embodiment.
Moreover, in the antenna device according to the fifth embodiment, the shape of the first conductor 22 may be a meandering shape as in the antenna device according to the third embodiment.

As will be described in detail in the antenna device according to Embodiment 7, which will be described later, in an element antenna including a linearly extending first conductor 20 and a spirally extending second conductor 30, the first conductor 20 cross-polarized wave ( An element antenna having a low Left-Handed Circularly Polarized wave (LHCP) and a high main polarization (Right-Handed Circularly Polarized wave (RHCP)) is obtained. In the antenna device according to the above, the total length from the first open end 20a of the first conductor 22 to the second open end 30a of the second conductor 32 is between 0.48 wavelength and 0.48 wavelength of the wavelength corresponding to the resonance frequency. If the range of eight wavelengths is used, the size can be reduced and a good effect can be obtained against the back lobe radiated to the rear of the antenna.

Embodiment 6.
An antenna device according to Embodiment 6 will be described with reference to FIGS. 10 and 11. FIG.
The antenna device according to Embodiment 6 differs from the antenna device according to Embodiment 5, which has a monopole antenna shape, in that the second conductor 33 is changed to a parasitic element. The same is true for the point of
10 and 11, the same reference numerals as those in FIGS. 8 and 9 indicate the same or corresponding parts.

The antenna device according to Embodiment 6 includes a feeding point 12 , a first conductor 23 , a second conductor 33 and a first ground conductor 72 .
The first conductor 23 has one end serving as the first open end 20 a and the other end connected to the surface of the first ground conductor 72 .

The first conductor 23 has a first portion 23a extending from the first ground conductor 72 in the zenith direction, that is, the + direction of the z-axis, and a horizontal direction orthogonal to the zenith direction, that is, the y-axis direction. It has a second portion 23b that extends linearly from the first portion 23a continuously to the first open end 20a.
The end of the first portion 23 a is the other end of the first conductor 23 and the end of the second portion 23 b is one end of the first conductor 23 .
The first conductor 23 is an inverted L-shaped antenna element having a bending point between the feeding point 12 and the first open end 20a, that is, a bending point between the first portion 23a and the second portion 23b. It is a functioning feeding element.

A connection point between the other end of the first conductor 23 and the surface of the first ground conductor 72 is the feeding point 12 . The feed point 12 is a portion that excites a high frequency signal, and is a gap formed between the other end of the first conductor 23 and the surface of the first ground conductor 72 .
Feed point 12 may not be formed as a physical component, and the other end of first conductor 23 may be directly connected to the surface of first ground conductor 72 . In this case, the feeding point 12 is the point where the other end of the first conductor 23 and the surface of the first ground conductor 72 are directly connected.

The second conductor 33 is placed on the surface of the first ground conductor 72 adjacent to the first conductor 23 in the same plane as the first conductor 23, that is, the yz plane including the zenith direction.
The second conductor 33 has one end serving as the second open end 30 a and the other end in contact with the surface of the first ground conductor 72 .

The second conductor 33 is arranged to face the first portion 23a of the first conductor 23, and extends from the surface of the first ground conductor 72 in the zenith direction, that is, in the + direction of the z-axis. The portion 33a and the second portion 23b of the first conductor 23 extend downward in the zenith direction, ie, toward the surface of the first ground conductor 72, in a direction different from the direction toward the first open end 20a. It has a fourth portion 33b spirally extending from the third portion 33a continuously to the second open end 30a.

The end of the third portion 33 a is the other end of the second conductor 33 and the end of the fourth portion 33 b is one end of the second conductor 33 .
The second conductor 33 is a parasitic element that functions as a spiral antenna element bent in a spiral shape.

Assuming that the direction in which the second portion 23b of the first conductor 23 faces the first open end 20a is the negative direction of the y-axis in FIG. + direction.
The second conductor 33 may be arranged on the plane on which the first conductor 23 is arranged, that is, the plane orthogonal to the yz plane, that is, the xz plane.

The total length from the feeding point 12 to the first open end 20a of the first conductor 23, that is, the total length of the first conductor 23 is 1/4 wavelength of the wavelength corresponding to the resonance frequency.
The entire length from the other end of the second conductor 33 in contact with the surface of the first ground conductor 72 to the second open end 30a of the second conductor 33, that is, the entire length of the second conductor 33 corresponds to the resonance frequency. It is 1/4 wavelength of the wavelength.
However, 1/4 wavelength here does not strictly mean only 1/4 wavelength, but includes the allowable range of ± with respect to 1/4 wavelength.

In the antenna device according to the sixth embodiment configured as described above, when a high-frequency signal is supplied to the feeding point 12 , electromagnetic waves are radiated from the first conductor 23 .
Resonance occurs in the first conductor 23 at a quarter wavelength of the wavelength corresponding to the resonance frequency.

On the other hand, current flows through the second conductor 33 due to electromagnetic coupling with the first conductor 23 .
The current i2 flowing through the second conductor 33 has the same amplitude and the opposite phase to the current i1 flowing through the first conductor 23, and the current i1 flowing through the first conductor 23 and the current i1 flowing through the second conductor 33 FIG. 11 shows the current distribution of the current i2.
Therefore, resonance occurs when the second conductor 33 has a quarter wavelength of the wavelength corresponding to the resonance frequency.

In the antenna device according to the sixth embodiment, the first conductor 22 serves as a current source J and the second conductor 32 serves as a magnetic current source M, as shown in FIG.
In the antenna device according to the sixth embodiment, as in the antenna device according to the fifth embodiment, the electromagnetic field radiated into space is composed of a current source J by the first conductor 22 and a magnetic current source J by the second conductor 32. It becomes a combination of the radiation from M, and the electric field in the − direction of z alone is cancelled.

As a result, the antenna device according to the sixth embodiment radiates electromagnetic waves with a unidirectional radiation pattern.
The antenna device according to the sixth embodiment has the same effect as the antenna device according to the fifth embodiment even when the second conductor 32 serving as the magnetic current source M is a parasitic element.

In addition, in the antenna device according to the sixth embodiment, the spiral shape of the second conductor 33 may be circular as in the antenna device according to the second embodiment.
Moreover, in the antenna device according to the sixth embodiment, the shape of the second portion 23b of the first conductor 23 may be meander-shaped, as in the antenna device according to the third embodiment.

Embodiment 7.
An antenna device according to Embodiment 7 will be described with reference to FIGS. 12 to 14. FIG.
The antenna device according to the seventh embodiment is an antenna device that uses a plurality of monopole antenna-shaped antenna devices according to the fifth embodiment as element antennas to radiate circularly polarized waves.
In FIG. 12, the same reference numerals as in FIG. 8 denote the same or corresponding parts.

An antenna device according to Embodiment 7 includes a ground conductor substrate 70, a plurality of element antennas 1a to 1d, a coaxial line 80, and an interface circuit 90. FIG.
The ground conductor substrate 70 has a rectangular dielectric substrate 71 , a first ground conductor 72 and a second ground conductor 73 .

A first ground conductor 72 is arranged on the surface of the dielectric substrate 71 . A second ground conductor 73 is arranged parallel to the first ground conductor 72 on the back surface of the dielectric substrate 71 .
The number of element antennas 1a to 1d is four in the antenna device according to the seventh embodiment. Note that the number is not limited to four, and may be two or more as long as circularly polarized radiation is possible.

A plurality of element antennas 1a to 1d are installed at different positions on the surface of the first ground conductor 72 of the ground conductor substrate 70, respectively, and connected to corresponding feeding points 11a to 11d.
The feeding points 11a to 11d are portions that excite high-frequency signals to the corresponding element antennas 1a to 1d, and need not be formed as physical components.

In the antenna device according to Embodiment 7, four element antennas 1a to 1d are installed with 90-degree rotational symmetry. Specifically, the corresponding feeding points 11a to 11d of the four element antennas 1a to 1d are installed at one of the four corners on the surface of the first ground conductor 72 of the ground conductor substrate 70. .
When the element antennas 1a to 1d function as transmitting antennas, the high-frequency signals supplied to the corresponding feeding points 11a to 11d are input from the corresponding feeding points 11a to 11d. A high-frequency signal based on the electromagnetic wave is output to the corresponding feeding points 11a to 11d.

The operation is reversible when functioning as a transmit antenna and when functioning as a receive antenna.
In the following description, in order to avoid complication, the case of functioning mainly as a transmitting antenna will be described.

The coaxial line 80 has an inner conductor 80a that transmits a high-frequency signal, and an outer conductor 80b that surrounds the inner conductor 80a with a plurality of through conductors and shields the inner conductor 80a.
The coaxial line 80 has an inner conductor 80 a passing through a through hole formed in the center of the dielectric substrate 71 in the ground conductor substrate 70 .
A plurality of through conductors forming the outer conductor 80b of the coaxial line 80 are connected to the first ground conductor 72 and the second ground conductor 73, and connect between the first ground conductor 72 and the second ground conductor 73. conduct.

A high-frequency signal can be fed from the second ground conductor 73 side of the ground conductor substrate 70 by the coaxial line 80 passing through the through hole formed in the center of the dielectric substrate 71 of the ground conductor substrate 70 .

The interface circuit 90 connects the feeding points 11a to 11d to which the plurality of element antennas 1a to 1d are connected to the coaxial line 80, and makes the high-frequency signals output from the plurality of element antennas 1a to 1d with different phases in phase. A combining circuit for combining and outputting the combined high-frequency signal to the inner conductor of the coaxial line 80, and dividing the high-frequency signal transmitted by the coaxial line 80 into a plurality of signals having different phases, It functions as at least one of the distribution circuits that output to the plurality of element antennas 1a to 1d.

The interface circuit 90 functions as a distribution circuit when functioning as a transmitting antenna, and functions as a combining circuit when functioning as a receiving antenna.
The interface circuit 90 has a 180 degree hybrid 91 and two 90 degree hybrids 92a, 92b. An interface circuit 90 is etched and patterned on the surface of the first ground conductor 72 .

When a plurality of element antennas 1a to 1d function as transmitting antennas, the 180-degree hybrid 91 divides the high-frequency signal transmitted by the coaxial line 80 into two high-frequency signals that are 180 degrees out of phase, and one of the high-frequency signals is the first. One high-frequency signal is output to one 90-degree hybrid 92a, and the other high-frequency signal is output to the second 90-degree hybrid 92b.
For example, if the phase of the high-frequency signal transmitted by the coaxial line 80 is 0 degrees, the 180-degree hybrid 91 divides the high-frequency signal into a high-frequency signal with a phase of 0 degrees and a high-frequency signal with a phase of 180 degrees.

The first 90-degree hybrid 92a divides one of the high-frequency signals distributed from the 180-degree hybrid 91 into two high-frequency signals with a 90-degree phase difference, and feeds one of the high-frequency signals to the first element antenna 1a at the feeding point 11a. , and the other high-frequency signal is output to the feeding point 11d for the fourth element antenna 1d.
For example, if one of the high-frequency signals distributed from the 180-degree hybrid 91 has a phase of 0 degrees, the first 90-degree hybrid 92a divides the high-frequency signal into a high-frequency signal with a phase of 0 degrees and a high-frequency signal with a phase of 90 degrees.

The second 90-degree hybrid 92b divides the other high-frequency signal distributed from the 180-degree hybrid 91 into two high-frequency signals with a 90-degree phase difference, and feeds one of the high-frequency signals to the second element antenna 1b at the feeding point 11b. , and the other high-frequency signal is output to the feeding point 11c for the third element antenna 1c.
For example, if the phase of the other high-frequency signal distributed from the 180-degree hybrid 91 is 180 degrees, the second 90-degree hybrid 92b divides the high-frequency signal into a high-frequency signal with a phase of 180 degrees and a high-frequency signal with a phase of 270 degrees.

The first element antenna 1a to the fourth element antenna 1d receive high-frequency signals transmitted through a coaxial line 80 and are supplied with signals having phases different from each other by 90 degrees from an interface circuit 90. Electromagnetic waves corresponding to high-frequency signals are radiated into space due to a resonance phenomenon that occurs during transmission.
For example, if the phase of the high-frequency signal transmitted by the coaxial line 80 is 0 degrees, the high-frequency signal with a phase of 0 degrees is sent to the first element antenna 1a, and the high-frequency signal with a phase of 90 degrees is sent to the fourth element antenna 1d. However, a high frequency signal with a phase of 180 degrees is supplied to the second element antenna 1b, and a high frequency signal with a phase of 270 degrees is supplied to the third element antenna 1c.

Each of the plurality of element antennas 1a to 1d has the same configuration as the antenna device according to the fifth embodiment.
That is, each of the plurality of element antennas 1a-1d includes a first conductor 22, a second conductor 32, and a third conductor 60. FIG.

The third conductor 60 has one end connected to the first ground conductor 72 and linearly extends from the first ground conductor 72 in the zenith direction, that is, in the + direction of the z-axis to the branch point 60a.
Connection points between one end of the third conductor 60 and the first ground conductor 72 are feeding points 11a to 11d.

One end of the first conductor 22 becomes a first open end 22a, and the horizontal direction orthogonal to the zenith direction between the branch point 60a and the first open end 22a is one side of the ground conductor substrate 70 in FIG. It is a conductor that extends linearly in the direction along the

The second conductors 32 are arranged in the same plane as the first conductors 22, ie the yz plane or the xz plane including the zenith direction.
The second conductor 32 has a second open end 32a at one end, and the direction between the branch point 60a and the second open end 32a is different from the direction from the branch point 60a to the first open end 22a, In this example, it extends in the opposite direction, downward in the zenith direction, that is, spirally toward the surface of the first ground conductor 72 .

Specifically, the planar shape of the ground conductor substrate 70 is a rectangular shape having a first side 70a to a fourth side 70d.
The first element antenna 1a has a feeding point 11a at the corner formed by the first side 70a and the second side 70b of the ground conductor substrate 70. As shown in FIG.

The first element antenna 1a is arranged along the first side 70a of the ground conductor substrate 70, and the first conductor 22 and the second conductor 32 in the first element antenna 1a and the third conductor 60 are arranged on the same plane. , ie located in the yz plane.
The first conductor 22 of the first element antenna 1a is located on the fourth side 70d side of the ground conductor substrate 70 with respect to the second conductor 32 of the first element antenna 1a.

The second element antenna 1b has a feeding point 11b at the corner of the ground conductor substrate 70 formed by the second side 70b and the third side 70c.
The second element antenna 1b is arranged along the second side 70b of the ground conductor substrate 70, and the first conductor 22, the second conductor 32 and the third conductor 60 of the second element antenna 1b are arranged on the same plane. , ie located in the xz plane.
The first conductor 22 of the second element antenna 1b is located on the first side 70a side of the ground conductor substrate 70 with respect to the second conductor 32 of the second element antenna 1b.

The third element antenna 1c has a feeding point 11c at the corner formed by the third side 70c and the fourth side 70d of the ground conductor substrate 70. FIG.
The third element antenna 1c is arranged along the third side 70c of the ground conductor substrate 70, and the first conductor 22 and the second conductor 32 in the third element antenna 1c and the third conductor 60 are arranged on the same plane. , ie located in the yz plane.
The first conductor 22 of the third element antenna 1c is located on the second side 70b side of the ground conductor substrate 70 with respect to the second conductor 32 of the third element antenna 1c.

The fourth element antenna 1d has a feeding point 11d at the corner formed by the fourth side 70d of the ground conductor substrate 70 and the first side 70a.
The fourth element antenna 1d is arranged along the fourth side 70d of the ground conductor substrate 70, and the first conductor 22 and the second conductor 32 in the fourth element antenna 1d and the third conductor 60 are arranged on the same plane. , ie located in the xz plane.
The first conductor 22 in the fourth element antenna 1d is located on the third side 70c side of the ground conductor substrate 70 with respect to the second conductor 32 in the fourth element antenna 1d.

In the antenna apparatus according to Embodiment 7, when the first element antenna 1a to the fourth element antenna 1d function as transmitting antennas, the high-frequency signals transmitted through the coaxial line 80 are phase-shifted by the interface circuit 90 to each other. The signals are converted to different signals by degrees and applied to the first element antenna 1a to the fourth element antenna 1d.
In the first element antenna 1a to the fourth element antenna 1d, the electromagnetic wave corresponding to the high frequency signal is generated by the resonance phenomenon that occurs when the given high frequency signal is transmitted from the first element antenna 1a to the fourth element antenna 1d. All of the first element antenna 1a to the fourth element antenna 1d radiate into space.

In this case, since the phases of the signals transmitted from the first element antenna 1a to the fourth element antenna 1d differ from each other by 90 degrees, the right-handed circularly polarized wave (RHCP) is transmitted from the second ground conductor 73 to the first antenna element 1d. is radiated in the direction in which the ground conductor 72 of is viewed.
Further, when the phases of the high-frequency signals output from the first 90-degree hybrid 92a and the second 90-degree hybrid 92b are reversed, the left-hand circularly polarized wave (LHCP) is transmitted from the second ground plane 73 to the first ground plane. It is radiated in the direction in which the conductor 72 is viewed.

Main polarized waves (RHCP) radiated in the + direction of the z-axis and cross-polarized waves (LHCP) radiated in the - direction of the z-axis of the element antennas 1a to 1d in the antenna device according to Embodiment 7, and numerical values of radiation efficiency An example of analysis results is shown in FIG.
In FIG. 14, the horizontal axis indicates the normalized frequency, and the vertical axis indicates the peak gain (directivity gain) of the main polarized wave (RHCP) and the cross polarized wave (LHCP). Main polarization (RHCP) means gain in the +direction of the z-axis, and cross-polarization (LHCP) means gain in the -direction of the z-axis.

Further, in FIG. 14, the dashed line indicates the main polarization (RHCP), the solid line indicates the cross polarization (LHCP), the dotted line indicates the radiation efficiency, and the thick lines indicate the element antennas 1a to 1a in the antenna device according to the seventh embodiment. 1d shows the results of numerical analysis, and the thin line shows the results of numerical analysis in the comparative example.

That is, the dashed-dotted line E1 is the main polarization (RHCP) of each of the element antennas 1a to 1d in the antenna device according to Embodiment 7, and the solid line Bold line E2 is each of the element antennas 1a to 1d in the antenna device according to Embodiment 7. cross-polarized wave (LHCP), the dashed thick line E3 indicates the numerical analysis result of the radiation efficiency of each of the element antennas 1a to 1d in the antenna apparatus according to the seventh embodiment.

A dashed-dotted thin line R1 indicates the main polarized wave (RHCP) in the comparative example, a solid thin line R2 indicates the cross polarized wave (LHCP) in the comparative example, and a dotted thin line R3 indicates the numerical analysis results of the radiation efficiency in the comparative example.
The element antenna in the comparative example only has the linear first conductor, and does not have the spirally extending second conductor 32 of the element antennas 1a to 1d in the antenna device according to the seventh embodiment. and

As is clear from FIG. 14, the element antennas 1a to 1d in the antenna device according to Embodiment 7 extend from the first open end 22a of the first conductor 22 to the second open end 32a of the second conductor 32. is a half wavelength of the wavelength corresponding to the resonant frequency, that is, f/f ₀ =1, the cross-polarized wave (LHCP) E2 is significantly different from the cross-polarized wave (LHCP) R2 of the comparative example. and the main polarization (RHCP) E1 is higher than the main polarization (RHCP) R1 of the comparative example.
That is, since the element antennas 1a to 1d are provided with the linearly extending first conductor 22 and the spirally extending second conductor, the element antennas 1a to 1d radiate to the rear of the antenna. The back lobe can be suppressed.

Specifically, the range of 0.96≦(f/f ₀ )≦1.6, that is, from the first open end 22a of the first conductor 22 to the second open end 32a of the second conductor 32 is in the range of 0.48 wavelength to 0.8 wavelength of the wavelength corresponding to the resonance frequency, the element antennas 1a to 1d in the antenna device according to Embodiment 7 are cross-polarized as compared with the comparative example. (LHCP) E2 is low and main polarization (RHCP) E1 is high.
In addition, although the radiation efficiency of the element antennas 1a to 1d in the antenna device according to Embodiment 7 is -0.3 dB at the lowest point, there is almost no effect on the antenna gain.

Therefore, when the total length from the first open end 22a of the first conductor 22 to the second open end 32a of the second conductor 32 is within the wavelength range of 0.48 to 0.8 wavelength corresponding to the resonance frequency, , the element antennas 1a to 1d can suppress back lobes radiated to the rear of the antennas.

In this way, since the element antennas 1a to 1d can suppress the back lobe radiated to the rear of the antenna, the element antennas 1a to 1d are arranged rotationally symmetrically, and the antenna apparatus according to the seventh embodiment radiates circularly polarized waves. In this case as well, it is possible to suppress the radiation of cross-polarized waves to the rear of the antennas in the element antennas 1a to 1d, and to suppress the back lobe radiated to the rear of the antennas.

In the antenna device according to the seventh embodiment, the spiral shape of the second conductor 32 of the element antennas 1a to 1d may be circular as in the antenna device according to the second embodiment.
Further, in the antenna device according to the seventh embodiment, the first conductors 22 of the element antennas 1a to 1d may have a meandering shape as in the antenna device according to the third embodiment.

As described above, the antenna device according to Embodiment 7 has the element antennas 1a to 1d arranged at different positions on the surface of the first ground plane 72, which are used for circularly polarized radiation. However, since the first conductor 22 extending linearly and the second conductor 32 extending spirally are provided, the size is reduced, and cross polarized waves radiated to the rear of the element antennas 1a to 1d, In other words, the back lobe radiated behind the antenna is reduced and the circularly polarized wave is radiated.

Embodiment 8.
An antenna device according to Embodiment 8 will be described with reference to FIGS. 15 and 16. FIG.
The antenna device according to Embodiment 8 is different in that the antenna device according to Embodiment 6 is used as an element antenna instead of the plurality of element antennas 1a to 1d in the antenna device according to Embodiment 7. The same is true for the point of
In FIGS. 15 and 16, the same reference numerals as in FIGS. 12 and 13 denote the same or corresponding parts.

The antenna device according to the eighth embodiment includes a ground conductor substrate 70, a plurality of element antennas 2a to 2d, a coaxial line 80 and an interface circuit 90. FIG.
A plurality of element antennas 2a-2d are installed at different positions on the surface of the first ground conductor 72 of the ground conductor substrate 70, respectively, and connected to corresponding feed points 12a-12d.
The feed points 12a to 12d are portions that excite high-frequency signals to the corresponding element antennas 2a to 2d, respectively, and need not be formed as physical components.

The first element antenna 2a to the fourth element antenna 2d receive high-frequency signals transmitted through a coaxial line 80 and are supplied with signals having phases different from each other by 90 degrees from an interface circuit 90. Electromagnetic waves corresponding to high-frequency signals are radiated into space due to a resonance phenomenon that occurs during transmission.
For example, if the phase of the high-frequency signal transmitted by the coaxial line 80 is 0 degrees, the high-frequency signal with a phase of 0 degrees is sent to the first element antenna 2a, and the high-frequency signal with a phase of 90 degrees is sent to the fourth element antenna 2d. However, a high frequency signal with a phase of 180 degrees is supplied to the second element antenna 2b, and a high frequency signal with a phase of 270 degrees is supplied to the third element antenna 1c.

Each of the plurality of element antennas 2a to 2d has the same configuration as the antenna device according to the sixth embodiment.
That is, each of the plurality of element antennas 2a to 2d has a first conductor 23 and a second conductor 33. As shown in FIG.

The first conductor 23 has one end serving as the first open end 20 a and the other end connected to the surface of the first ground conductor 72 .
The first conductor 23 has a first portion 23a extending from the first ground conductor 72 in the zenith direction, that is, the + direction of the z-axis, and a horizontal direction perpendicular to the zenith direction. It has a second portion 23b extending linearly from the first portion 23a to the first open end 20a in the direction along one side of the opening.

The end of the first portion 23 a is the other end of the first conductor 23 and the end of the second portion 23 b is one end of the first conductor 23 .
The first conductor 23 functions as an inverted L-shaped antenna element having a bending point between the feeding point 12 and the first open end 20a, that is, a bending point of the first portion 23a and the second portion 23b. It is a feeding element that
The connection points between the other end of the first conductor 23 and the surface of the first ground conductor 72 are feeding points 12a to 12d.

The second conductor 33 is arranged on the surface of the first ground conductor 72 adjacent to the first conductor 23 in the same plane as the first conductor 23, that is, the yz plane or the xz plane including the zenith direction. is installed in
The second conductor 33 has one end serving as the second open end 30 a and the other end in contact with the surface of the first ground conductor 72 .

The second conductor 33 is arranged to face the first portion 23a of the first conductor 23, and the third portion 33a extends from the first ground conductor 72 in the zenith direction, that is, in the + direction of the z-axis. , the second portion 23b of the first conductor 23 moves downward in the zenith direction, that is, toward the surface of the first ground conductor 72, in the direction opposite to the direction toward the first open end 20a. It has a fourth portion 33b spirally extending from the portion 33a to the second open end 30a.

The end of the third portion 33 a is the other end of the second conductor 33 and the end of the fourth portion 33 b is one end of the second conductor 33 .
The second conductor 33 is a parasitic element that functions as a spiral antenna element bent in a spiral shape.

In each of the plurality of element antennas 2a to 2d, the total length from the feeding point 12 to the first open end 20a of the first conductor 23, that is, the total length of the first conductor 23 is 1/4 of the wavelength corresponding to the resonance frequency. is the wavelength.
The entire length from the other end of the second conductor 33 in contact with the surface of the first ground conductor 72 to the second open end 30a of the second conductor 33, that is, the entire length of the second conductor 33 corresponds to the resonance frequency. It is 1/4 wavelength of the wavelength.
However, 1/4 wavelength here does not strictly mean only 1/4 wavelength, but includes the allowable range of ± with respect to 1/4 wavelength.

The first element antenna 2a has a feeding point 12a at the corner of the ground conductor substrate 70 formed by the first side 70a and the second side 70b.
The first element antenna 2a is arranged along the first side 70a of the ground conductor substrate 70, and the first conductor 23 and the second conductor 33 in the first element antenna 2a are arranged on the same plane, that is, yz placed on a plane.
The first conductor 23 of the first element antenna 2a is located on the fourth side 70d side of the ground conductor substrate 70 with respect to the second conductor 33 of the first element antenna 2a.

The second element antenna 2b has a feeding point 12b at the corner of the ground conductor substrate 70 formed by the second side 70b and the third side 70c.
The second element antenna 2b is arranged along the second side 70b of the ground conductor substrate 70, and the first conductor 23 and the second conductor 33 in the second element antenna 2b are arranged in the same plane, that is, the xz plane. placed on a plane.
The first conductor 23 in the second element antenna 2b is located on the first side 70a side of the ground conductor substrate 70 with respect to the second conductor 33 in the second element antenna 2b.

The third element antenna 2c has a feeding point 12c at the corner formed by the third side 70c and the fourth side 70d of the ground conductor substrate 70. As shown in FIG.
The third element antenna 2c is arranged along the third side 70c of the ground conductor substrate 70, and the first conductor 23 and the second conductor 33 in the third element antenna 2c are arranged in the same plane, that is, yz placed on a plane.
The first conductor 23 in the third element antenna 2c is located on the second side 70b side of the ground conductor substrate 70 with respect to the second conductor 33 in the third element antenna 2c.

The fourth element antenna 2d has a feeding point 12d at the corner formed by the fourth side 70d of the ground conductor substrate 70 and the first side 70a.
The fourth element antenna 2d is arranged along the fourth side 70d of the ground conductor substrate 70, and the first conductor 23 and the second conductor 33 in the fourth element antenna 2d are arranged in the same plane, that is, the xz plane. placed on a plane.
The first conductor 23 of the fourth element antenna 2d is located on the third side 70c side of the ground conductor substrate 70 with respect to the second conductor 33 of the fourth element antenna 2d.

The antenna device according to the eighth embodiment has the same effects as the antenna device according to the seventh embodiment.
In the antenna device according to the eighth embodiment, the element antennas 2a to 2d may have the spiral shape of the second conductor 33 as in the antenna device according to the second embodiment.
Further, in the antenna device according to the eighth embodiment, the element antennas 2a to 2d may be formed so that the second portion 23b of the first conductor 23 has a meandering shape as in the antenna device according to the third embodiment. good.

Embodiment 9.
An antenna device according to Embodiment 9 will be described with reference to FIG.
In the antenna device according to the ninth embodiment, each of the plurality of element antennas 1a to 1d in the antenna device according to the seventh embodiment has the first conductor 22 and the second conductor 32 arranged on the same plane. On the other hand, the difference is that the second conductors 32 are arranged on a plane perpendicular to the plane on which the first conductors 22 are arranged, and other points are the same.
In FIG. 17, the same reference numerals as in FIG. 12 denote the same or corresponding parts.

The antenna device according to the ninth embodiment includes a ground conductor substrate 70, a plurality of element antennas 3a to 3d, a coaxial line 80 and an interface circuit 90. FIG.
The second conductor 32 in each of the plurality of element antennas 3a to 3d is bent at a right angle from the first conductor 22 at the branch point 60a and arranged on a plane orthogonal to the plane on which the first conductor 22 is arranged. . When the first conductor 22 is placed in the yz plane, the second conductor 32 is placed in the xz plane, and when the first conductor 22 is placed in the xz plane, the second conductor 32 is placed in the yz plane.

The first element antenna 3a has a feeding point 11a at the corner of the ground conductor substrate 70 formed by the first side 70a and the second side 70b.
The first conductor 22 in the first element antenna 3a is arranged along the first side 70a of the ground conductor substrate 70 toward the fourth side 70d, and the second conductor 32 in the third element antenna 3c is arranged along the first side 70a. It is arranged along the second side 70b of the conductor substrate 70 toward the third side 70c.
The first conductor 22 in the first element antenna 3a is arranged on the yz plane, and the second conductor 32 in the first element antenna 3a is arranged on the xz plane.

The second element antenna 3b has a feeding point 11b at the corner of the ground conductor substrate 70 formed by the second side 70b and the third side 70c.
The first conductor 22 in the second element antenna 3b is arranged along the second side 70b of the ground conductor substrate 70 toward the first side 70a side, and the second conductor 32 in the second element antenna 3b is arranged along the second side 70b. It is arranged along the third side 70c of the conductor substrate 70 toward the fourth side 70d.
The first conductor 22 in the second elemental antenna 3b is arranged in the xz plane, and the second conductor 32 in the second elemental antenna 3b is arranged in the yz plane.

The third element antenna 3c has a feeding point 11c at the corner formed by the third side 70c and the fourth side 70d of the ground conductor substrate 70. As shown in FIG.
The first conductor 22 in the third element antenna 3c is arranged along the third side 70c of the ground conductor substrate 70 toward the second side 70b side, and the second conductor 32 in the third element antenna 3c is arranged along the third side 70c. It is arranged along the fourth side 70d of the conductor substrate 70 toward the first side 70a.
The first conductor 22 in the third element antenna 3c is arranged on the yz plane, and the second conductor 32 in the third element antenna 3c is arranged on the xz plane.

The fourth element antenna 3d has a feeding point 11d at the corner formed by the fourth side 70d of the ground conductor substrate 70 and the first side 70a.
The first conductor 22 of the fourth element antenna 4d is arranged along the fourth side 70d of the ground conductor substrate 70, and the second conductor 32 of the fourth element antenna 4d is the second conductor of the ground conductor substrate 70. 32 is arranged along the first side 70a of the ground conductor substrate 70 toward the second side 70b.
The first conductor 22 in the fourth element antenna 4d is arranged on the xz plane, and the second conductor 32 in the fourth element antenna 4d is arranged on the yz plane.

The antenna device according to the ninth embodiment has the same effect as the antenna device according to the seventh embodiment.
Furthermore, in the antenna device according to the ninth embodiment, the current flows through the first ground conductor 72 and the second ground conductor 73 of the ground conductor substrate 70, so that the first ground conductor 72 and the second ground conductor 73 Since the electromagnetic waves radiated from the first ground conductor 72 and the influence of electromagnetic waves radiated from the second ground conductor 73 can also be suppressed.

In addition, in each of the first element antenna 3a to the fourth element antenna 4d, the plane on which the first conductor 22 is arranged and the plane on which the second conductor 32 is arranged are perpendicular to each other strictly at 90 degrees. It is not implied and includes an acceptable range to ±90 degrees.

In the antenna device according to the ninth embodiment, the spiral shape of the second conductor 32 of the element antennas 3a to 3d may be circular as in the antenna device according to the second embodiment.
Further, in the antenna device according to the ninth embodiment, the first conductors 22 of the element antennas 3a to 3d may have a meandering shape as in the antenna device according to the third embodiment.

Embodiment 10.
An antenna device according to Embodiment 10 will be described with reference to FIG.
The antenna device according to the tenth embodiment includes dielectric blocks 90a to 90d forming the element antennas 1a to 1d on the surfaces thereof, respectively, for the plurality of element antennas 1a to 1d in the antenna device according to the seventh embodiment. They are different in some respects and the same in other respects.
In FIG. 18, the same reference numerals as in FIG. 12 denote the same or corresponding parts.

First dielectric block 90a to fourth dielectric block 90d are provided corresponding to first element antenna 1a to fourth element antenna 1d, respectively.
Each of the first dielectric block 90a to the fourth dielectric block 90d is a rectangular parallelepiped block made of resin.

The first dielectric block 90a is arranged on the surface of the first ground conductor 72 of the ground conductor substrate 70 along the first side 70a of the ground conductor substrate 70 and parallel to the yz plane. A first element antenna 1a is formed on the outer surface of the body block 90a.
The second dielectric block 90b is arranged on the surface of the first ground conductor 72 of the ground conductor substrate 70 along the second side 70b of the ground conductor substrate 70 and forms a second dielectric block parallel to the xz plane. A second element antenna 1b is formed on the outer surface of the body block 90b.

A third dielectric block 90c is disposed on the surface of the first ground conductor 72 of the ground conductor substrate 70 along the third side 70c of the ground conductor substrate 70 and forms a third dielectric block parallel to the yz plane. A third element antenna 1c is formed on the outer surface of the body block 90c.
A fourth dielectric block 90d is arranged on the surface of the first ground conductor 72 of the ground conductor substrate 70 along the fourth side 70d of the ground conductor substrate 70 and forms a fourth dielectric block parallel to the xz plane. A fourth element antenna 1d is formed on the outer surface of the body block 90d.

The antenna device according to the tenth embodiment has the same effects as the antenna device according to the seventh embodiment.
Furthermore, in the antenna device according to the tenth embodiment, since the first dielectric block 90a to the fourth dielectric block 90d are provided corresponding to the first element antenna 1a to the fourth element antenna 1d, the wavelength Since a shortening effect can be obtained, that is, the lengths of the first conductor 23 and the second conductor 33 for generating resonance with respect to the resonance frequency can be shortened in the element antennas 1a to 1d, Embodiment 7 The size of the antenna device can be further reduced compared to the antenna device according to the above.

RHCP radiating in the + direction of the z-axis and LHCP radiating in the - direction of the z-axis of the element antennas 1a-1d formed on the surfaces of the dielectric blocks 90a-90d in the antenna device according to the tenth embodiment, and the radiation efficiency An example of numerical analysis results is shown in FIG.
In FIG. 19, the horizontal axis, the vertical axis, and the curve mean the same, and the comparative example is the same as that used for the numerical analysis results of FIG.
The dielectric blocks 90a to 90d have a dielectric constant of 3.0 and a dielectric loss tangent of 0.002.

As is clear from FIG. 19, the element antennas 1a to 1d in the antenna device according to the tenth embodiment are arranged from the first open end 22a of the first conductor 22 to the second open end 32a of the second conductor 32. is a half wavelength of the wavelength corresponding to the resonant frequency, that is, f/f ₀ =1, the cross-polarized wave (LHCP) E2 is significantly different from the cross-polarized wave (LHCP) R2 of the comparative example. and the main polarization (RHCP) E1 is higher than the main polarization (RHCP) R1 of the comparative example.
That is, the element antennas 1a to 1d are provided with the linearly extending first conductor 22 and the spirally extending second conductor, and are provided with the dielectric blocks 90a to 90d. , the element antennas 1a to 1d can suppress back lobes radiated behind the antennas.

As shown in FIG. 19, due to the dielectric loss due to the dielectric loss tangent (tan δ) based on the dielectric blocks 90a to 90d, the radiation efficiency at the resonance frequency is f/f ₀ of 0.96, in other words, The total length from the first open end 22a of the first conductor 22 to the second open end 32a of the second conductor 32 drops to nearly -1.5 dB when the wavelength corresponding to the resonance frequency is 0.48 wavelength. Then, it increases at 0.48 wavelength or more, and becomes -1.0 dB or more at 1/2 wavelength or more.

Therefore, considering the radiation efficiency at the resonance frequency, the total length from the first open end 22a of the first conductor 22 to the second open end 32a of the second conductor 32 should be 0.48 wavelength or more, preferably A range of 1/2 wavelength to 1 wavelength is good.

In the antenna device according to the tenth embodiment, the spiral shape of the second conductor 32 of the element antennas 1a to 1d may be circular as in the antenna device according to the second embodiment.
Further, in the antenna device according to the tenth embodiment, the first conductors 22 of the element antennas 1a to 1d may have a meandering shape as in the antenna device according to the third embodiment.

Furthermore, in the antenna device according to Embodiment 1, similarly to the dielectric blocks 90a to 90d forming the element antennas 1a to 1d in the antenna device according to Embodiment 10, the first conductor 20 and the second conductor 30 In the antenna device according to Embodiment 5, the dielectric block on which the first conductor 22, the second conductor 32 and the third conductor 60 are formed on the surface may be provided, and in the antenna device according to Embodiment 6, it may be provided with a dielectric block on which the first conductor 22 and the second conductor 32 are formed on the surface. The same effects as those of the antenna device according to the tenth embodiment are obtained.

It should be noted that it is possible to freely combine each embodiment, modify any component of each embodiment, or omit any component from each embodiment.

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY An antenna device according to the present disclosure is suitable for an antenna device used in terminals for receiving polarized waves transmitted from satellite telephone services or global positioning system satellites.

10, 11, 11a to 11d, 12, 12a to 12d feed point, 20, 21 to 23 first conductor, 30, 31 to 33 second conductor, 40 balanced-unbalanced converter, 50 coaxial line, 60 second 3 conductor, 60a branch point, 1a to 1d, 2a to 2d element antenna, 70 ground conductor substrate, 71 dielectric substrate, 72 first ground conductor, 73 second ground conductor, 80 coaxial line, 90 interface circuit, 100a-100d dielectric blocks.

Claims (26)

a feed point that excites a high frequency signal;
a first conductor having one end serving as a first open end and extending from the feeding point to the first open end;
One end serves as a second open end, and the second spirally extends between the feeding point and the second open end in a direction different from the direction from the feeding point to the first open end. a conductor of
Antenna device with 2. The total length from the first open end of the first conductor to the second open end of the second conductor is in the range of 0.48 wavelength to 0.8 wavelength of the wavelength corresponding to the resonance frequency. The antenna device according to . 3. The antenna device according to claim 1, further comprising a dielectric block having a surface on which said first conductor and said second conductor are formed. a balanced-to-unbalanced converter connected to the feed point;
a coaxial line, one end of which is connected to the balanced-unbalanced converter, for supplying a high frequency signal;
The antenna device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, comprising: a third conductor having one end connected to a ground conductor and linearly extending from the ground conductor to a branch point in the zenith direction;
a first conductor having one end serving as a first open end and extending in a horizontal direction perpendicular to the zenith direction from the branch point to the first open end;
One end serves as a second open end, and the second spirally extends between the branch point and the second open end in a direction different from the direction from the branch point to the first open end. a conductor of
Antenna device with The branch point at which the third conductor branches to the first conductor and the second conductor is located between the first open end of the first conductor and the second open end of the second conductor. 6. Antenna arrangement according to claim 5, which is a midpoint. 6. The total length from the first open end of the first conductor to the second open end of the second conductor is in the range of 0.48 wavelength to 0.8 wavelength of the wavelength corresponding to the resonance frequency. Or the antenna device according to claim 6. A connection point between the third conductor and the ground conductor is a feeding point,
The total length from the feeding point to the first open end of the first conductor is a quarter wavelength of the wavelength corresponding to the resonance frequency,
The total length from the first open end of the first conductor to the second open end of the second conductor is a half wavelength of the wavelength corresponding to the resonance frequency.
The antenna device according to any one of claims 5 and 6. 9. The antenna device according to any one of claims 5 to 8, further comprising a dielectric block having a surface on which the first conductor, the second conductor and the third conductor are formed. One end is a first open end, the other end is connected to a ground conductor, the connection point with the ground conductor is a feeding point for exciting a high-frequency signal, has a first portion and a second portion, The first portion extends in the zenith direction from the ground plane, and the second portion continuously extends from the first portion in the horizontal direction perpendicular to the zenith direction to the first open end. a conductor of
One end serves as a second open end, and has a third portion and a fourth portion, the third portion facing the first portion of the first conductor, the fourth portion A second conductor spirally extending continuously from the third portion to the second open end in a direction different from the direction of the second portion of the first conductor toward the first open end. and,
Antenna device with The total length of the first conductor is a quarter wavelength of the wavelength corresponding to the resonant frequency.
The antenna device according to claim 10. 12. The antenna device according to claim 10, further comprising a dielectric block having a surface on which said first conductor and said second conductor are formed. 13. The antenna device according to any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein said first conductor and said second conductor are arranged on the same plane. 13. The antenna device according to any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein the second conductor is arranged on a plane perpendicular to the plane on which the first conductor is arranged. 15. The antenna device according to any one of claims 1 to 14, wherein the spiral shape of the second conductor is rectangular. 15. The antenna device according to any one of claims 1 to 14, wherein the spiral shape of the second conductor is circular. A ground conductor substrate having a dielectric substrate, a first ground conductor arranged on the surface of the dielectric substrate, and a second ground conductor arranged parallel to the first ground conductor on the back surface of the dielectric substrate. and,
a plurality of element antennas installed on the surface of the first ground conductor;
a coaxial line having an outer conductor penetrating through the dielectric substrate and conducting between the first ground conductor and the second ground conductor;
a combining circuit that connects the plurality of element antennas and the coaxial line, combines high-frequency signals output from each of the plurality of element antennas that are out of phase with each other, and outputs the combined high-frequency signals to the coaxial line; and an interface circuit that functions as at least one circuit of a distribution circuit that distributes the high-frequency signal transmitted by the coaxial line into a plurality of signals having different phases and outputs each of the distributed high-frequency signals to the plurality of element antennas. with
Each of the plurality of element antennas
a third conductor having one end connected to the first ground conductor and linearly extending from the first ground conductor to a branch point in the zenith direction;
a first conductor having one end serving as a first open end and extending in a horizontal direction perpendicular to the zenith direction from the branch point to the first open end;
One end serves as a second open end, and the second spirally extends between the branch point and the second open end in a direction different from the direction from the branch point to the first open end. a conductor of
An antenna device comprising: In each of the plurality of element antennas, the total length from the first open end of the first conductor to the second open end of the second conductor is 0.48 wavelength to 0.8 wavelength corresponding to the resonance frequency. 18. The antenna device according to claim 17, which is a range of wavelengths. a plurality of dielectric blocks installed on the surface of the first ground conductor in the ground conductor substrate corresponding to each of the plurality of element antennas;
19. The method according to claim 17 or 18, wherein each of the plurality of dielectric blocks has the first conductor, the second conductor, and the third conductor of each of the corresponding plurality of element antennas formed on its surface. antenna device. A ground conductor substrate having a dielectric substrate, a first ground conductor arranged on the surface of the dielectric substrate, and a second ground conductor arranged parallel to the first ground conductor on the back surface of the dielectric substrate. and,
a plurality of element antennas installed on the surface of the first ground conductor;
a coaxial line having an outer conductor penetrating through the dielectric substrate and conducting between the first ground conductor and the second ground conductor;
a synthesizing circuit connecting the plurality of element antennas to the coaxial line, synthesizing high-frequency signals having different phases output from each of the plurality of element antennas, and outputting the synthesized high-frequency signals to the coaxial line; and an interface circuit that functions as at least one circuit of a distribution circuit that distributes a high-frequency signal transmitted through a line into a plurality of signals having different phases and outputs each of the distributed high-frequency signals to the plurality of element antennas;
Each of the plurality of element antennas
One end is a first open end, the other end is connected to the first ground conductor, the connection point with the first ground conductor is a feed point for exciting a high frequency signal, and the first portion and the second wherein the first portion extends in the zenith direction from the first ground plane, and the second portion extends continuously from the first portion in the horizontal direction orthogonal to the zenith direction a first conductor extending to a first open end;
One end serves as a second open end, and has a third portion and a fourth portion, the third portion facing the first portion of the first conductor, the fourth portion A second conductor spirally extending continuously from the third portion to the second open end in a direction different from the direction of the second portion of the first conductor toward the first open end. and,
An antenna device comprising: In each of the plurality of element antennas,
The total length of the first conductor is a quarter wavelength of the wavelength corresponding to the resonant frequency.
Antenna device according to claim 20. a plurality of dielectric blocks installed on the surface of the first ground conductor in the ground conductor substrate corresponding to each of the plurality of element antennas;
22. The antenna device according to claim 20, wherein each of the plurality of dielectric blocks has the first conductor and the second conductor of each of the corresponding plurality of element antennas formed on its surface. In each of the plurality of element antennas,
23. The antenna device according to any one of claims 17 to 22, wherein said first conductor and said second conductor are arranged on the same plane. In each of the plurality of element antennas,
23. The antenna device according to any one of claims 17 to 22, wherein the second conductor is arranged on a plane perpendicular to the plane on which the first conductor is arranged. In each of the plurality of element antennas,
25. The antenna device according to any one of claims 17 to 24, wherein the spiral shape of the second conductor is rectangular. In each of the plurality of element antennas,
25. The antenna device according to any one of claims 17 to 24, wherein the spiral shape of the second conductor is circular.

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