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JP7365829B2 - vehicle charging device - Google Patents

vehicle charging device Download PDF

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JP7365829B2
JP7365829B2 JP2019168613A JP2019168613A JP7365829B2 JP 7365829 B2 JP7365829 B2 JP 7365829B2 JP 2019168613 A JP2019168613 A JP 2019168613A JP 2019168613 A JP2019168613 A JP 2019168613A JP 7365829 B2 JP7365829 B2 JP 7365829B2
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charging
vehicle
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JP2021048667A (en
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成実 浅井
弘友希 馬渡
圭 佐藤
智成 河合
孝資 平井
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河村電器産業株式会社
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

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Description

本発明は、ＥＶ等の蓄電池を備えた車両の急速充電を可能とする車両充電装置に関する。 The present invention relates to a vehicle charging device that enables rapid charging of a vehicle equipped with a storage battery such as an EV.

ＥＶやＰＨＶ等の蓄電池を備えた車両の普及に伴い、この車両を充電する充電スタンドの普及が進んでいる。このような充電スタンドでは、短時間での充電を可能とするため急速充電器が使用されるが、急速充電器には大きな電流が通電されるため、この能力を十分発揮させるには、電力会社との契約電力を大きな容量に変更する必要があった。
例えば、５０ｋＷから１００ｋＷと大きくする場合は、受電設備全体を変更する必要があり、大きな設備費用が発生するため、容易に実施できるものではなかった。
そのため、契約電力の変更や大きな設備投資をすること無く、急速充電を可能とするシステムが提案されている。例えば特許文献１では、商用電力以外の電源として蓄電池を設置し、商用電力と蓄電池の充電電力の双方を合わせて供給することで、契約電力を大きくする事無く急速充電を可能としている。 With the spread of vehicles equipped with storage batteries, such as EVs and PHVs, charging stations for charging these vehicles are becoming more popular. At these charging stations, quick chargers are used to enable charging in a short period of time, but since quick chargers draw a large amount of current, it is necessary for the power company to make full use of this ability. It was necessary to change the power contract with the company to a larger capacity.
For example, when increasing power from 50 kW to 100 kW, it is necessary to change the entire power receiving equipment, which incurs large equipment costs, which is not something that can be easily implemented.
Therefore, systems have been proposed that enable rapid charging without changing the contract power or making large capital investments. For example, in Patent Document 1, a storage battery is installed as a power source other than commercial power, and by supplying both commercial power and charging power for the storage battery, rapid charging is possible without increasing contract power.

特許第５８５７２１８号公報Patent No. 5857218

しかしながら、上記特許文献１のシステムは、車両の急速充電が可能であるが、直流変換された商用電力と蓄電池からのＤＣ出力を、ＥＶ用ＤＣ／ＤＣコンバータから成る結合部で合算してＤＣ出力する構成であるため、ＡＣ入力を基本とする汎用の急速充電器が使用できなかった。
そのため、既存の充電設備に蓄電池を接続して急速充電する機能を付加しようした場合、急速充電器を含むシステム全体を交換しなければ成らず、結局大きな設備費用が発生した。 However, although the system of Patent Document 1 is capable of quickly charging a vehicle, it outputs a DC output by summing the DC-converted commercial power and the DC output from the storage battery in a coupling unit consisting of an EV DC/DC converter. Because of this configuration, general-purpose quick chargers based on AC input could not be used.
Therefore, when adding a quick charging function by connecting a storage battery to existing charging equipment, the entire system including the quick charger had to be replaced, resulting in large equipment costs.

そこで、本発明はこのような問題点に鑑み、契約電力を大きくする事無く急速充電を実現でき、且つ汎用の急速充電器を使用できる車両充電装置を提供することを目的としている。 SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In view of these problems, it is an object of the present invention to provide a vehicle charging device that can realize rapid charging without increasing the contract power and can use a general-purpose quick charger.

上記課題を解決する為に、請求項１の発明は、入力された交流電力を車両充電のための直流に変換する電力変換部、及び外部からの制御信号を受けて電力変換部の出力電力を制御する出力制御部を備えた急速充電器と、商用電力を直流変換するＡＣ／ＤＣ変換器と、当該ＡＣ／ＤＣ変換器の出力と蓄電池の出力とを合わせて交流変換して、急速充電器に供給するＤＣ／ＡＣ変換器と、蓄電池の充放電を制御すると共に、急速充電器の出力制御部に制御信号を出力する蓄電池制御部とを有し、蓄電池制御部は、急速充電器が商用電力と蓄電池との双方の電力より車両を充電している最中に、蓄電池の蓄電容量が第１の所定量を下回ったら、急速充電器の出力電力を商用電力の契約電力より小さい所定の電力に変更し、商用電力の一部電力により蓄電池の充電を行うことを特徴とする。
この構成によれば、商用電力と蓄電池の双方の電力で車両を急速充電する構成であっても、交流電力が入力される汎用の急速充電器を使用できる。それでいて、蓄電池の充電残量が僅かとなったら、急速充電器の出力を商用電力の契約電力より小さい電力まで削減するため、蓄電池の出力が停止しても商用電力の使用量が契約電力を超えることが無い。加えて、蓄電池の充電残量が僅かとなったら商用電力の一部電力を蓄電池の充電に回すため、車両の充電と蓄電池の充電の双方を実施でき、一方が疎かになることがない。 In order to solve the above problem, the invention of claim 1 provides a power conversion unit that converts input AC power into DC power for vehicle charging, and a power conversion unit that converts the output power of the power conversion unit in response to an external control signal. A quick charger equipped with an output control unit to control, an AC/DC converter that converts commercial power to DC, and a combination of the output of the AC/DC converter and the output of the storage battery to perform AC conversion. and a storage battery control unit that controls charging and discharging of the storage battery and outputs a control signal to the output control unit of the quick charger. If the storage capacity of the storage battery falls below the first predetermined amount while the vehicle is being charged using both electric power and storage battery power, the output power of the quick charger is changed to a predetermined power smaller than the commercial power contract power. The feature is that the storage battery is charged using part of the commercial power.
According to this configuration, a general-purpose quick charger to which AC power is input can be used even in a configuration in which the vehicle is rapidly charged using both commercial power and power from the storage battery. However, when the remaining charge of the storage battery becomes low, the output of the quick charger is reduced to less than the contracted commercial power, so even if the storage battery output stops, the amount of commercial power used exceeds the contracted power. Nothing happens. In addition, when the storage battery has only a small amount of charge remaining, a portion of the commercial power is used to charge the storage battery, so it is possible to charge both the vehicle and the storage battery without neglecting one or the other.

請求項２の発明は、請求項１に記載の構成において、蓄電池制御部は、蓄電池が充電されて蓄電容量が第１の所定量より多い第２の所定量に達したら、急速充電器の出力制限を解除すると共に、蓄電池の充電を終了して電力の供給を実施させることを特徴とする。
この構成によれば、蓄電池が十分充電されたら、再び電力を出力して商用電力と共に車両充電を実施するため、急速充電を再開できる。 In the invention according to claim 2, in the configuration according to claim 1, when the storage battery is charged and the storage capacity reaches a second predetermined amount that is greater than the first predetermined amount, the storage battery control section controls the output of the quick charger. The feature is that the restriction is canceled and charging of the storage battery is ended to supply power.
According to this configuration, when the storage battery is sufficiently charged, power is outputted again and the vehicle is charged together with commercial power, so that rapid charging can be resumed.

本発明によれば、商用電力と蓄電池の双方の電力で車両を急速充電する構成であっても、交流電力が入力される汎用の急速充電器を使用できる。それでいて、蓄電池の充電残量が僅かとなったら、急速充電器の出力を商用電力の契約電力より小さい電力まで削減するため、蓄電池の出力が停止しても商用電力の使用量が契約電力を超えることが無い。加えて、蓄電池の充電残量が僅かとなったら商用電力の一部電力を蓄電池の充電に回すため、車両の充電と蓄電池の充電の双方を実施でき、一方が疎かになることがない。 According to the present invention, a general-purpose quick charger to which AC power is input can be used even in a configuration in which a vehicle is rapidly charged using both commercial power and power from a storage battery. However, when the remaining charge of the storage battery becomes low, the output of the quick charger is reduced to less than the contracted commercial power, so even if the storage battery output stops, the amount of commercial power used exceeds the contracted power. Nothing happens. In addition, when the storage battery has only a small amount of charge remaining, a portion of the commercial power is used to charge the storage battery, so it is possible to charge both the vehicle and the storage battery without neglecting one or the other.

本発明に係る車両充電装置の一例を示す構成図である。1 is a configuration diagram showing an example of a vehicle charging device according to the present invention. 急速充電状態の説明図である。FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram of a rapid charging state. 車両充電と蓄電池の充電の双方を実施する説明図である。It is an explanatory view carrying out both vehicle charging and storage battery charging.

以下、本発明を具体化した実施の形態を、図面を参照して詳細に説明する。図１は本発明に係る車両充電装置の一例を示す構成図であり、蓄電池１の充放電を制御する蓄電池盤２と、接続されたＥＶ等の車両３を充電する急速充電器４とで構成されている。また、５は商用電力を示している。
蓄電池盤２は、商用電力５を電源として直流変換するＡＣ／ＤＣ変換器２１、急速充電器４に交流電力を供給するＤＣ／ＡＣ変換器２２、蓄電池１の充放電を制御する蓄電池制御部２３を備え、蓄電池１は蓄電池制御部２３を介してＡＣ／ＤＣ変換器２１とＤＣ／ＡＣ変換器２２の間に接続されている。こうして、急速充電器４には、商用電力５と蓄電池１の放電電力の双方が供給され、車両３が急速充電されるよう構成されている。
尚、商用電力５は、ここでは高圧電力を受電する図示しないキュービクルにより降圧されて出力される電力である。 Hereinafter, embodiments embodying the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram showing an example of a vehicle charging device according to the present invention, which is composed of a storage battery board 2 that controls charging and discharging of a storage battery 1, and a quick charger 4 that charges a connected vehicle 3 such as an EV. has been done. Further, 5 indicates commercial power.
The storage battery panel 2 includes an AC/DC converter 21 that uses commercial power 5 as a power source to convert direct current, a DC/AC converter 22 that supplies AC power to the quick charger 4, and a storage battery control unit 23 that controls charging and discharging of the storage battery 1. The storage battery 1 is connected between an AC/DC converter 21 and a DC/AC converter 22 via a storage battery controller 23. In this way, the rapid charger 4 is configured to be supplied with both the commercial power 5 and the discharged power of the storage battery 1, so that the vehicle 3 can be rapidly charged.
Note that the commercial power 5 is power that is stepped down and output by a cubicle (not shown) that receives high-voltage power.

蓄電池盤２の動作は以下のようである。まず、急速充電器４は、交流電力を直流に変換して出力する電力変換部（図示せず）を有し、外部からの制御信号を受けて出力電力を制御する出力制御部４ａを具備した汎用の急速充電器であり、予め設定された電力で車両３の充電を実施する。ここでは、１００ｋＷの出力を定格出力としている。そのため蓄電池盤２は、この定格出力を実施するよう電力制御を実施する。 The operation of the storage battery board 2 is as follows. First, the quick charger 4 includes a power converter (not shown) that converts AC power into DC and outputs the DC power, and an output control unit 4a that controls output power in response to an external control signal. It is a general-purpose quick charger, and charges the vehicle 3 with preset power. Here, an output of 100 kW is set as the rated output. Therefore, the storage battery panel 2 performs power control to achieve this rated output.

ＡＣ／ＤＣ変換器２１は、商用電力５の契約電力を最大値として電力変換制御する。ここでは５０ｋＷを出力するよう動作し、蓄電池１からも５０ｋＷが出力されるよう蓄電池制御部２３が制御する。
また蓄電池制御部２３は、蓄電池１の充電量（蓄電容量）を管理し、充電量が僅かであれば、蓄電池１からの放電を停止して充電を行う。車両充電中の充電であれば、ＡＣ／ＤＣ変換器２１が出力する電力５０ｋＷのうち、一部（例えば２０ｋＷ）が蓄電池１の充電に使用される。車両３が充電状態に無ければ、商用電力５から供給される電力が蓄電池１の充電に振り向けられる。 The AC/DC converter 21 performs power conversion control using the contracted power of the commercial power 5 as the maximum value. Here, it operates to output 50 kW, and the storage battery control unit 23 controls so that the storage battery 1 also outputs 50 kW.
The storage battery control unit 23 also manages the amount of charge (storage capacity) of the storage battery 1, and if the amount of charge is small, stops discharging from the storage battery 1 and performs charging. In the case of charging while the vehicle is being charged, a portion (for example, 20 kW) of the 50 kW of power output by the AC/DC converter 21 is used to charge the storage battery 1 . If the vehicle 3 is not in a charging state, the power supplied from the commercial power 5 is allocated to charging the storage battery 1.

また蓄電池制御部２３は、急速充電器４の出力電力を指示する信号を出力する。蓄電池１の充電量が十分ある場合は、蓄電池１の定格出力である５０ｋＷを出力させて、商用電力５の５０ｋＷと合わせて急速充電器４に供給することで、急速充電器４の出力を１００ｋＷとする制御信号を急速充電器４に出力する。
そして、蓄電池１の蓄電容量が減少して充電が必要な状況であれば、急速充電器４に対して商用電力５の契約電力より小さい電力（ここでは３０ｋＷ）で出力させる信号を出力する。 The storage battery control unit 23 also outputs a signal instructing the output power of the quick charger 4. When the storage battery 1 has a sufficient amount of charge, the rated output of the storage battery 1 of 50 kW is supplied to the quick charger 4 together with 50 kW of commercial power 5, thereby increasing the output of the quick charger 4 to 100 kW. A control signal is output to the quick charger 4.
If the storage capacity of the storage battery 1 is reduced and charging is required, a signal is output to the quick charger 4 to cause it to output power (30 kW in this case) smaller than the contracted power of the commercial power 5.

上記の如く構成された車両充電装置は以下のように動作する。図２、３を参照して説明する。
図２は蓄電池１の蓄電容量が第１の所定量（例えば、満充電の２０％）以上の場合を示している。蓄電池制御部２３はこの蓄電容量を把握しており、この状況では急速充電器４に出力制限を実施せず、図２に示すように急速充電器４は商用電力５と蓄電池１の双方の電力で車両３を充電する。このとき、商用電力５から５０ｋＷ、蓄電池出力５０ｋＷの計１００ｋＷが出力され、車両３が急速充電される。 The vehicle charging device configured as described above operates as follows. This will be explained with reference to FIGS. 2 and 3.
FIG. 2 shows a case where the storage capacity of the storage battery 1 is greater than or equal to a first predetermined amount (for example, 20% of full charge). The storage battery control unit 23 knows this storage capacity, and in this situation does not impose output restrictions on the quick charger 4, and as shown in FIG. to charge vehicle 3. At this time, a total of 100 kW, including 50 kW from the commercial power 5 and 50 kW from the storage battery, is output, and the vehicle 3 is rapidly charged.

図３は蓄電池１の蓄電容量が第１の所定量未満の場合を示している。蓄電池１の電力が使用されて放電が行われた結果、蓄電池１の蓄電容量が第１の所定量未満になったら、蓄電池制御部２３がそれを把握し、放電を停止して蓄電池１の充電を開始させる。
具体的に、蓄電池１の蓄電容量が減少して満充電の２０％未満になったら、出力制限信号を急速充電器４に出力する。この信号を受けた急速充電器４は、車両へ出力する電力を３０ｋＷに低減させる。
同時に蓄電池１の充電を開始し、ＡＣ／ＤＣ変換器２１が出力可能な５０ｋＷのうち、車両３の充電電力を差し引いた２０ｋＷが蓄電池１の充電に回される。 FIG. 3 shows a case where the storage capacity of the storage battery 1 is less than the first predetermined amount. When the power storage capacity of the storage battery 1 becomes less than the first predetermined amount as a result of using the power of the storage battery 1 and discharging it, the storage battery control unit 23 recognizes this, stops discharging, and starts charging the storage battery 1. start.
Specifically, when the storage capacity of the storage battery 1 decreases to less than 20% of full charge, an output limit signal is output to the quick charger 4. The quick charger 4 that receives this signal reduces the power output to the vehicle to 30kW.
At the same time, charging of the storage battery 1 is started, and of the 50kW that can be output by the AC/DC converter 21, 20kW, which is obtained by subtracting the charging power of the vehicle 3, is used for charging the storage battery 1.

こうして、車両３の充電を継続しつつ、蓄電池１の充電が行われる。その後も蓄電池制御部２３は蓄電容量を監視し、蓄電容量が第１の所定量より多い第２の所定量（例えば、満充電の８０％）まで充電されたら、出力制限を解除して再度放電を開始させる。即ち、１００ｋＷの急速充電を再開させる。 In this way, the storage battery 1 is charged while the vehicle 3 continues to be charged. After that, the storage battery control unit 23 monitors the storage capacity, and when the storage capacity is charged to a second predetermined amount (for example, 80% of full charge) that is higher than the first predetermined amount, the output restriction is canceled and the battery is discharged again. start. That is, 100kW quick charging is restarted.

但し、車両３の充電が完了、或いは車両３が接続されていない状態では、商用電力５から供給される全ての電力５０ｋＷで充電することができるし、８０％で充電を終了せずに１００％の満充電まで充電しても良い。 However, when charging of the vehicle 3 is completed or when the vehicle 3 is not connected, charging can be performed using all 50 kW of power supplied from the commercial power 5, and charging can be completed at 100% without stopping charging at 80%. You can charge the battery until it is fully charged.

このように、商用電力５と蓄電池１の双方の電力で車両３を急速充電する構成であっても、交流電源が必要な汎用の急速充電器４を使用できる。それでいて、蓄電池１の充電残量が残り僅かとなったら、急速充電器４の出力を商用電力５の契約電力より小さい電力まで削減するため、蓄電池１の出力が停止しても商用電力５の使用量が契約電力を超えることが無い。加えて、商用電力５の一部電力を蓄電池１の充電に回すため、蓄電池１の出力が停止しても車両３の充電と蓄電池１の充電の双方を実施でき、一方が疎かになることがない。
また、蓄電池１が十分充電されたら、再び電力を出力して商用電力５と共に車両３の充電を実施するため、急速充電を再開できる。 In this way, even in a configuration in which the vehicle 3 is rapidly charged with the power of both the commercial power 5 and the storage battery 1, a general-purpose quick charger 4 that requires an AC power source can be used. However, when the remaining charge of the storage battery 1 becomes low, the output of the quick charger 4 is reduced to a power smaller than the contracted power of the commercial power 5, so even if the output of the storage battery 1 stops, the commercial power 5 can still be used. The amount of electricity will not exceed the contracted power. In addition, since a portion of the commercial power 5 is used to charge the storage battery 1, even if the output of the storage battery 1 stops, both the vehicle 3 and the storage battery 1 can be charged, and one of them will not be neglected. do not have.
Furthermore, once the storage battery 1 is sufficiently charged, power is outputted again to charge the vehicle 3 together with the commercial power 5, so that rapid charging can be resumed.

尚、上記実施形態では、蓄電池１の第１の所定量を満充電の２０％としたが、任意であり１０％でも３０％でも良い。
また、急速充電器４が１台の構成を示しているが、同時に複数の車両３の充電を可能とするために、１つの蓄電池盤２に対して複数の急速充電器４を接続しても良い。この場合、蓄電池１の蓄電容量を増やして商用電力５に対する蓄電池１の出力の割合を増加させることで、それぞれの車両３に対して急速充電を実施できる。 In the above embodiment, the first predetermined amount of the storage battery 1 is 20% of the full charge, but it is arbitrary and may be 10% or 30%.
Further, although a configuration with one quick charger 4 is shown, a plurality of quick chargers 4 may be connected to one storage battery panel 2 in order to enable charging of a plurality of vehicles 3 at the same time. good. In this case, by increasing the storage capacity of the storage battery 1 and increasing the ratio of the output of the storage battery 1 to the commercial power 5, rapid charging can be performed for each vehicle 3.

１・・蓄電池、２・・蓄電池盤、３・・車両、４・・急速充電器、４ａ・・出力制御部、５・・商用電力、２１・・ＡＣ／ＤＣ変換器、２２・・ＤＣ／ＡＣ変換器、２３・・蓄電池制御部。 1...Storage battery, 2...Storage battery board, 3...Vehicle, 4...Quick charger, 4a...Output control section, 5...Commercial power, 21...AC/DC converter, 22...DC/ AC converter, 23...Storage battery control unit.

Claims (2)

入力された交流電力を車両充電のための直流に変換する電力変換部、及び外部からの制御信号を受けて前記電力変換部の出力電力を制御する出力制御部を備えた急速充電器と、
商用電力を直流変換するＡＣ／ＤＣ変換器と、
当該ＡＣ／ＤＣ変換器の出力と蓄電池の出力とを合わせて交流変換して、前記急速充電器に供給するＤＣ／ＡＣ変換器と、
前記蓄電池の充放電を制御すると共に、前記急速充電器の出力制御部に制御信号を出力する蓄電池制御部と、を有し、
前記蓄電池制御部は、前記急速充電器が前記商用電力と前記蓄電池との双方の電力より車両を充電している最中に、前記蓄電池の蓄電容量が第１の所定量を下回ったら、前記急速充電器の出力電力を前記商用電力の契約電力より小さい所定の電力に変更し、前記商用電力の一部電力により前記蓄電池の充電を行うことを特徴とする車両充電装置。 A quick charger comprising: a power converter that converts input AC power into DC for vehicle charging; and an output controller that controls output power of the power converter in response to an external control signal;
An AC/DC converter that converts commercial power to DC,
a DC/AC converter that converts the output of the AC/DC converter and the output of the storage battery into AC and supplies the same to the quick charger;
a storage battery control unit that controls charging and discharging of the storage battery and outputs a control signal to an output control unit of the quick charger;
The storage battery control unit is configured to control the rapid charger when the storage capacity of the storage battery falls below a first predetermined amount while the quick charger is charging the vehicle using the electric power of both the commercial power and the storage battery. A vehicle charging device characterized in that the output power of the charger is changed to a predetermined power smaller than the contracted power of the commercial power, and the storage battery is charged with a portion of the commercial power. 前記蓄電池制御部は、前記蓄電池が充電されて蓄電容量が前記第１の所定量より多い第２の所定量に達したら、前記急速充電器の出力制限を解除すると共に、前記蓄電池の充電を終了して電力の供給を実施させることを特徴とする請求項１記載の車両充電装置。 When the storage battery is charged and the storage capacity reaches a second predetermined amount that is greater than the first predetermined amount, the storage battery control unit cancels the output restriction of the quick charger and terminates charging of the storage battery. 2. The vehicle charging device according to claim 1, wherein the vehicle charging device supplies electric power.
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