JP7364267B2 - wooden building structure - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to the construction of new wooden buildings.

The structure of conventional wooden buildings is either a wooden frame structure made up of pillars, beams, and foundations, or a wooden frame wall structure made up of multiple flat plates (2x4 structure). ) is common.

The wooden frame structure is the traditional type used in the most wooden buildings in Japan, and is a structure in which various pillars are assembled using vertical wood, and foundations and beams are assembled using horizontal wood. The shaft supports the load from above. Then, flooring materials are laid on top of these frameworks to form the floor. In this way, the wooden frame structure is assembled using linear wood, so there are fewer structural restrictions and a higher degree of freedom in floor plan and design.

On the other hand, a wooden frame wall structure is often used in the United States and other countries, and is a structure in which a frame is made using specified lumber, and a box is made from wooden panels covered with plywood. While the wooden frame structure mentioned above has a "shaft," it is made up of "planes," and is supported by walls instead of columns, and floors and ceilings instead of beams. In addition, compared to wooden frame structures, construction is relatively easy and does not depend on the skill of the craftsman, and the construction period is short.

As mentioned above, conventional wooden framework structures have few structural restrictions and have a high degree of freedom in floor plan and design, but on the other hand, they are difficult to construct and depend on the skill of the craftsman. Also, the construction period is relatively long. On the other hand, while wooden frame wall structures are relatively easy to construct, do not depend on the skill of the craftsman, and require a short construction period, they are subject to limitations and have a low degree of freedom. In addition, wooden frame wall structures are less dependent on the skill of the craftsman, but since wooden frame structures are the mainstream in Japan, there is still a problem that there are still few craftsmen who can handle this construction.

An object of the present invention is to provide a new wooden building structure that is easier to construct and takes a shorter construction period than conventional wooden frame wall structures, and has fewer restrictions and a higher degree of freedom than wooden frame wall structures.

The structure of the wooden building according to one aspect of the present invention includes a first flat plate part in which long plates extending in a first direction are lined up and bonded together, and a long plate part extending in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction are lined up and bonded together. a plurality of pillars, the plurality of pillars are arranged above the plurality of pillars, and the plurality of pillars and the plate are joined. , the plurality of pillar members include two pillar members spaced apart along the first direction or the second direction.

According to this structure, the vertical timber in a conventional wooden frame structure is used as a pillar, and the horizontal timber such as a beam is carried by a flat plate made of long boards, which makes it possible to create a framework for a conventional wooden frame structure. However, by eliminating the need for horizontal members, it is possible to simplify construction and shorten the construction period.

Furthermore, since this structure fits within the framework of a conventional wooden frame structure, it is relatively easy for Japanese craftsmen to handle it. Furthermore, by replacing horizontal wood with board materials, it is expected that the sound insulation performance of the floor and in-plane shear rigidity will be improved. Note that the flat plate portion of the plate material sandwiched between two pillar materials spaced apart along the first direction or the second direction functions as a beam.

Further, in the structure of this wooden building, the plate material has a plurality of holes into which the ends of the plurality of pillar materials fit, respectively, the plate material is arranged above the plurality of pillar materials, and the plurality of pillar materials The end portions of the material may be attached by fitting into holes of the plate material, respectively.

Further, in the structure of this wooden building, the plurality of pillar materials have a protrusion at the end for joining with the plate material, the plate material is arranged above the plurality of pillar materials, and the plurality of pillar materials The protrusions may be configured to fit and be attached to the holes of the plate material, respectively.

Further, in the structure of this wooden building, a predetermined number of pillar materials are arranged along the first direction, and a column row consisting of the predetermined number of pillar materials is arranged along the first direction. It is characterized by having a configuration in which they are arranged in parallel rows along the second direction.

Further, in the structure of this wooden building, it is desirable that a plate-shaped face material is further attached to the surface constituted by the board material and the pillar material.

Further, it is desirable that the structure of this wooden building is provided with a linear member diagonally connecting the joint between the board and one pillar and the joint between the board and another pillar.

Further, in the structure of this wooden building, it is desirable that a metal fitting for fixing the pillar material and the plate material is attached to the joint portion of the pillar material and the plate material.

Further, the structure of the wooden building may further include a foundation disposed below the wooden building, and the plurality of pillars and the foundation may be joined.

Further, in the structure of this wooden building, it is desirable that a plate-shaped face material is further attached to the surface constituted by the pillar material, the board material, and the base.

Further, in the structure of this wooden building, it is desirable that a metal fitting for fixing the pillar material and the foundation be attached to the joint portion of the pillar material and the foundation.

Moreover, the structure of this wooden building can be such that the board material is arranged on the foundation of the wooden building instead of the foundation, or the board material is arranged on the foundation.

Further, in the structure of this wooden building, the two pillars placed apart from each other are arranged along the first direction, and the first flat plate portion of the board sandwiched between the two pillars is It is characterized by functioning as a beam.

Further, in the structure of this wooden building, the two pillars placed apart from each other are arranged along the second direction, and the second flat plate portion of the board sandwiched between the two pillars is arranged in the second direction. It is characterized by functioning as a beam.

Further, the structure of the wooden building according to one aspect of the present invention includes a first flat plate portion in which long plates extending in a first direction are lined up and bonded together, and a long plate portion extending in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction is lined up and bonded to each other. a plurality of pillars each having a protrusion at an end for joining with the plurality of pillars; The plate has a plurality of holes into which the protrusions fit, respectively, the plate is attached above the plurality of pillars by fitting the protrusions into the holes, and the first flat part of the plate serves as a beam. It is characterized in that the second flat plate part functions as a joist.

According to this configuration, the vertical timber in the conventional wooden framework structure is handled by the pillar as is, and the first flat plate part consisting of the long plate extending in the first direction of the board material serves as the horizontal timber such as a beam. Although it fits within the framework of a wooden frame structure, it eliminates the need for horizontal members, making it easier to construct and shortening the construction period. In addition, the second flat plate part, which is made up of long plates extending in the second direction, carries the joists, which are the framework of the floor in conventional wooden framework structures. This will reduce the time required.

Furthermore, since this structure fits within the framework of a conventional wooden frame structure, it is relatively easy for Japanese craftsmen to handle it. Furthermore, by replacing horizontal wood with board materials, it is expected that the sound insulation performance of the floor and in-plane shear rigidity will be improved.

In addition, the structure of this wooden building is such that the board material is stacked such that the first flat plate part and the second flat plate part are alternately stacked, and the first flat plate part is exposed on the upper and lower surfaces of the board material. It is preferable that the According to this configuration, the first flat plate part is disposed on the upper surface and the lower surface of the plate material, and the second flat plate part is sandwiched between the first flat plate part (in the case of three layers), or the first flat plate part and the second flat plate part are sandwiched between the first flat plate part and the second flat plate part. The flat plate portion and the first flat plate portion are alternately laminated (in the case of five or more layers). As a result, one more first flat plate portion corresponding to a horizontal member such as a beam is laminated than the second flat plate portion, and the strength of the portion corresponding to the horizontal member is improved.

Alternatively, in the plate material, the first flat plate part and the second flat plate part are alternately laminated, the first flat plate part is arranged on the uppermost surface and the lowermost surface, and the uppermost surface is arranged so as to sandwich them. The first flat plate portion may be further disposed above and below the lowermost surface. According to this configuration, the first flat plate part is arranged on the uppermost surface and the lowermost surface of the plate material, and the first flat plate part, the second flat plate part, and the first flat plate part are alternately stacked so as to be sandwiched therebetween. . As a result, three more first flat plate parts corresponding to horizontal members such as beams are stacked than the second flat plate parts, and the strength of the portion corresponding to the horizontal members is further improved.

Further, in the structure of this wooden building, it is preferable that the hole included in the board has a depth that penetrates at least the first flat plate portion exposed on the uppermost surface or the lowermost surface. According to this configuration, the hole that fits into the column passes through at least the first flat plate portion, so that the column and the plate can be reliably fixed.

The structure of the wooden building further includes a base disposed below the wooden building, the plurality of pillars having the protrusions at both ends, and the base having the protrusions of the plurality of pillars. The base may have a plurality of holes into which the parts fit, and the base may be attached below the plurality of pillars by fitting the protrusions into the holes. According to this configuration, the structure is similar to a conventional wooden frame structure, and construction can be easily performed by a craftsman of a conventional wooden frame structure.

Moreover, it is preferable that the structure of this wooden building is provided with a linear member diagonally connecting the joint between the pillar and the plate and the joint between the pillar and the foundation. Here, the wire members include braces made of elongated plate materials, and braces made of shaped steel such as reinforcing bars and angles. According to this configuration, the strength and earthquake resistance of the wooden building are improved.

In addition, the structure of this wooden building includes a plurality of the above-mentioned board materials, the first board material has the plurality of holes provided on the top surface and the bottom surface, and the second board material has the plurality of holes provided at least on the bottom surface, A first plate is attached above a first group of columns among the plurality of columns by fitting one protrusion of the first group into a hole in the lower surface of the first plate, and The base is attached below the first group of columns by fitting the other protrusion of the first group into the hole of the base, and the base is attached above the second group of columns among the plurality of columns. A second plate is attached by fitting one protrusion of the second group of columns into a hole on the lower surface of the second plate, and a first plate below the second group of columns, The second pillar group is attached by fitting the other protrusion into a hole in the upper surface of the first plate.

In addition, the structure of this wooden building is such that the joint between the first plate and the column of the second column group and the joint between the second plate and the column of the second column group are diagonally aligned. It is preferable that a wire member is provided above. According to this configuration, the strength and earthquake resistance of the wooden building are improved by providing linear members such as braces made of long plate materials and braces made of shaped steel such as reinforcing bars and angles.

Moreover, the structure of this wooden building may be such that a plate-shaped face material is further attached to the surface constituted by the first board material, the second board material, and the pillar material. According to this configuration, by providing a face material such as plywood in place of the above-described linear material, it is possible to improve the strength and earthquake resistance of the wooden building.

Further, in the structure of this wooden building, a plate-shaped face material is further attached to a surface constituted by the pillar material, the board material, and the base. According to this configuration, it is possible to improve the strength and earthquake resistance of the wooden building.

Further, in the structure of the wooden building, it is preferable that hardware for fixing the pillars and the plate be attached to the joints thereof, and hardware for fixing them be attached to the joints of the pillars and the foundation. . According to this configuration, the strength and earthquake resistance of the joint are improved.

Moreover, the structure of the wooden building may be such that the board material is arranged on the foundation of the wooden building instead of the foundation, or the board material is arranged on the foundation. This configuration eliminates the need for a foundation in a conventional wooden framework structure, making construction easier and shortening the construction period.

Further, in the structure of the wooden building, a predetermined number of the plurality of pillars are arranged along the first direction, and a column row consisting of the predetermined number of pillars is parallel to the first direction. Preferably, they are arranged in a row along the second direction. By arranging the plurality of pillar members in this manner, the elongated plate extending in the first direction of the first flat plate portion of the plate material effectively functions as a horizontal member.

The structure of the wooden building according to one aspect of the present invention includes a first flat plate part in which long plates extending in a first direction are lined up and bonded together, and a long plate part extending in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction are lined up and bonded together. a plurality of pillars; the plate has a plurality of holes into which end portions of the plurality of pillars fit, respectively; The plate material is disposed above a plurality of pillar materials, the plurality of pillar materials are fitted into holes of the plate material, respectively, and attached, the first flat plate part of the plate material functions as a beam, and the second flat plate part functions as a beam. functions as a joist, and the plurality of pillars includes a predetermined number of pillars arranged along the first direction, and a column row consisting of the predetermined number of pillars arranged parallel to the first direction. They are arranged in a row along the second direction. The structure of this wooden building is such that the pillars do not have protrusions, and instead of the protrusions of the pillars, the ends of the pillars are fitted into holes in the plates. The long plates of the first flat plate part of the plate material function as horizontal members, and the long plates of the second flat plate part function as joists, making construction easier and shortening the construction period while still fitting within the framework of a conventional frame structure. can be achieved. At the same time, improvements in the sound insulation performance of the floor and in-plane shear rigidity can be expected.

The structure of the wooden building according to one aspect of the present invention includes a first flat plate part formed by arranging elongated plates extending in a first direction, and an elongated plate part formed by arranging elongated plates extending in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction. a plurality of pillars, the plate is arranged above the plurality of pillars, and the plurality of pillars and the plate are joined. , a first flat plate portion of the plate material functions as a beam, a second flat plate portion functions as a joist, and the plurality of pillar materials include a predetermined number of pillar materials arranged along the first direction, and a predetermined number of pillar materials arranged along the first direction. A column row consisting of column materials is arranged in a row along the second direction parallel to the first direction. The structure of this wooden building is such that there are no holes in the boards, and the boards and pillars are fixed with hardware or the like.

According to the present invention, construction is easier and the construction period is shorter than conventional wooden frame structures, and there are fewer restrictions and a higher degree of freedom than wooden frame wall structures.

1 is a schematic diagram showing the structure of a wooden building according to an embodiment of the present invention. It is an explanatory view showing a joint part of a column material and a base. FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram showing a joint between a pillar material and a plate material. It is an explanatory view showing a column material and a board material. It is an explanatory view showing correspondence between board material and constituent members of a conventional wooden frame structure. It is a schematic diagram showing the structure of a wooden building with braces attached. It is an explanatory view showing a joint part of a column material and a foundation. It is a schematic diagram which shows the modification of the structure of a wooden building. It is a schematic diagram which shows the modification of the structure of a wooden building. It is an explanatory view showing a junction of a column material and a board material of a modification of the structure of a wooden building.

Hereinafter, one embodiment of the present invention will be described based on the drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the following embodiment. In this embodiment, the structure of a two-story wooden building will be described as an example, but the present invention is also applicable to one-story, three-story or more wooden buildings. In addition, in this embodiment, as an example, a plate material having a three-layer structure in which one second flat plate part is sandwiched between two first flat plate parts will be used. A plate material having three or more layers is also applicable.

<Structure of wooden buildings>
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the structure of a wooden building according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram showing a joint between a pillar material and a foundation. FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram showing a joint between a pillar material and a plate material. FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram showing the pillar material and the plate material. FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram showing the correspondence between the plate materials and the constituent members of a conventional wooden framework structure.

As shown in FIG. 1, the wooden building 10 has a two-story structure, and mainly includes a lower foundation 4, a foundation 3 on the foundation, a plurality of pillars 2, and two plates 1. Prepare as a configuration. Although FIG. 1 shows a configuration without a roof, a roof structure similar to that of a conventional wooden frame structure may be used.

The foundation 4 is made of reinforcing bars and concrete, and is laid on the ground, like a conventional wooden frame structure. The base 3 is a horizontal wooden material made of cypress, for example, and is fixed to the base 4 with anchor bolts. Further, a plurality of holes 31 are provided on the upper surface of the base 3, and these holes 31 fit into the protrusions 21 of the pillar material 2 (see FIG. 2).

The pillar material 2 is a wooden vertical material made of, for example, cedar, and is provided with a protrusion 21 at the lower end and a protrusion 22 at the upper end (see FIG. 4). Further, at the joint where the protrusion 21 of the column 2 and the hole 31 of the base 3 fit together, a metal fitting 5 screwed across the column 2 and the base 3 is used as a reinforcing material (see Fig. 2). ).

As shown in FIGS. 3, 4, and 5, the plate material 1 includes a first flat plate part 11 in which a plurality of long wooden boards extending in a first direction The second flat plate portion 12 is a plate material in which a plurality of long wooden plates extending in the Y direction are lined up and bonded together, and the second flat plate portions 12 are alternately stacked and bonded together. Specifically, the plate material 1 of this embodiment has a three-layer structure in which one second flat plate part 12 is stacked between two first flat plate parts 11 facing each other.

Note that the three-layer structure of the plate material 1 is an example of the present embodiment, and a five-layer structure in which three first flat plate parts 11 and two second flat plate parts 12 are interposed between each, or a Seven-layer structure with four flat plate parts 11 and three second flat plate parts 12, and in order from the bottom, two first flat plate parts 11, one second flat plate part 12, and one first flat plate part 11. , a seven-layer structure including one second flat plate portion 12 and two first flat plate portions 11 may be used. Further, each long plate may have the same width, but it is also possible to configure the flat plate portion using long plates having different widths.

In addition, two boards 1 are used in the wooden building 10, and one is the lower board 1 (the lower board is referred to as "1A") which becomes the ceiling of the first floor and the floor of the second floor of the wooden building 10. Yes, one more
One is the upper board 1 (the upper board is referred to as "1B") which becomes the ceiling of the second floor. The lower plate material 1A has a plurality of holes 13 formed on its lower surface at positions corresponding to the plurality of pillar materials 2 serving as the first floor pillars, into which the protrusions 22 at the upper ends of the pillar materials 2 fit. In addition, the lower plate material 1A has a plurality of holes 13 formed on its upper surface at positions corresponding to the plurality of pillar materials 2 that will become the pillars of the second floor, into which the protrusions 21 at the lower end fit (see FIG. 4). .

At each joint where the hole 13 on the lower surface of the board 1A and the protrusion 22 of the pillar 2 of the first floor part fit together, a metal fitting is screwed so as to span the board 1A and the pillar 2. is used as a reinforcing material. In addition, screws are similarly screwed to the joints where the holes 13 on the top surface of the board 1A and the protrusions 21 of the pillars 2 on the second floor fit together, so as to extend between the board 1A and the pillars 2. The metal fittings are used as reinforcing materials (see reference numeral 6 in FIG. 3).

On the other hand, the upper plate material 1B, which serves as the ceiling of the second floor of the wooden building 10, has protrusions 22 at the upper ends of the pillar materials 2 fitted in positions corresponding to the plurality of pillar materials 2, which serve as the pillars of the second floor, on the lower surface. A plurality of holes 13 are formed. Then, at each joint where the hole 13 on the lower surface of the plate material 1B and the protrusion 22 of the pillar material 2 of the first floor part fit together, a metal fitting is screwed so as to span the plate material 1B and the pillar material 2. is used as a reinforcing material.

As shown in FIG. 5, in this plate material 1, a plurality of long plates extending in the first direction X of the first flat plate portion 11 correspond to horizontal members such as beams and girders in a conventional wooden frame structure. As a result, the elongated plate of the second flat plate portion 12 extending in the second direction Y corresponds to a crossbar, that is, a joist, which is passed under the floor to support the floorboard in a conventional wooden framework structure.

With this configuration, the pillars and the long plates of the first flat plate portions 11 corresponding to the horizontal members have a structure similar to that of a conventional wooden frame structure. Furthermore, since the long plate of the second flat plate portion 12 corresponds to a joist, the horizontal structural members and joists in a conventional frame structure, that is, the horizontal structural surface of a conventional wooden frame structure, are It can be replaced with a plate material 1 in which two flat plate parts 12 are laminated. This eliminates the need for horizontal members in conventional framework structures and flooring materials placed on the framework, making construction easier and shortening the construction period.In addition, it improves the sound insulation performance of the floor and It is also possible to improve shear rigidity.

<Modification 1>
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing the structure of a wooden building equipped with braces. FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram showing the joint between the pillar material and the base. As shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, the wooden building of this embodiment is provided with braces diagonally connecting the joints between the pillars 2 and the foundations 3 and the joints between the pillars 2 and the plates 1. good. Furthermore, braces may be provided to diagonally connect the joints of the pillar material 2 and the plate material 1.

Specifically, as shown in FIG. 7, braces 7 are installed from the joint between the pillar 2 and the base 3 to the joint between the adjacent pillar 2 and the lower surface of the plate 1 (not shown). Moreover, the brace 7 is fixed to the column material 2 by metal fittings 8, for example. Note that the shape of the hardware 8 is just an example, and a hardware with a different structure may be used. Further, this embodiment is an example in which a single brace is installed, and it is also possible to install a double brace.

In this way, the structure of the wooden building of this embodiment can be fitted with braces in the same way as conventional wooden frame structures, and by providing braces connecting each joint diagonally, strength and earthquake resistance can be improved. This makes it possible to improve performance.

<Modification 2>
Moreover, FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram showing another modification of the structure of a wooden building. The main difference from the above embodiment is that the base 3 is made of a plate 1. Thereby, there is no need to assemble the foundation 3 on the foundation 4 or to lay a separate flooring material, and it is sufficient to fix the board material 1 and the foundation 4, further facilitating the construction.

<Modification 3>
FIG. 9 is a diagram showing another modification of the structure of a wooden building, and is a schematic diagram showing a structure with a panel attached. As shown in FIG. 9, the wooden building of this embodiment has a surface surrounded by two pillars 2, a foundation 3, and a board 1, and a surface surrounded by two pillars 2 and two boards 1. A material 9 may be provided. By providing a face material in this way, it is possible to improve strength and earthquake resistance.

<Modification 4>
FIG. 10 is a diagram showing another modified example of the structure of a wooden building, and is a diagram showing a joint between a board and a pillar, showing the structure of a wooden building in which a pillar is fitted into a hole in the board. As shown in FIG. 10, the wooden building of this embodiment has a structure in which the ends of the pillars 2 are fitted into holes in the board 1.

As mentioned above, the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described with reference to the drawings, but various additions, changes, or deletions can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

1 Plate 11 First flat plate part 12 Second flat plate part 13 Hole 2 Pillar 21 Projection 22 Projection 3 Foundation 31 Hole 4 Foundation 5 Hardware 6 Hardware 7 Bracing 8 Hardware 9 Panel material 10 Wooden building

Claims (12)

A plate material in which a first flat plate part in which long plates extending in a first direction are lined up and bonded together, and a second flat plate part in which long plates extending in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction are lined up and bonded are laminated alternately. and a plurality of pillar materials,
The plate material is arranged above the plurality of pillar materials, and the plurality of pillar materials and the plate material are joined,
The plurality of pillar materials include two pillar materials arranged apart from each other along the first direction or the second direction , and two pillar materials arranged apart from each other along the first direction or the second direction. The flat part of the board sandwiched between the two pillars functions as a beam,
Includes braces made of long plate-shaped plates that diagonally connect the joint between the plate and one pillar, and the joint between the plate and another pillar, and braces made of shaped steel such as reinforcing bars and angles. A wire material is provided,
Structure of a wooden building. The plate material has a plurality of holes into which end portions of the plurality of pillar materials fit, respectively;
The plate material is arranged above the plurality of pillar materials, and the ends of the plurality of pillar materials are respectively fitted into holes of the plate material and attached.
The structure of a wooden building according to claim 1. The plurality of pillar materials have a protrusion at an end for joining with the plate material,
The plate material is arranged above the plurality of pillar materials, and the protrusions of the plurality of pillar materials are respectively fitted and attached to the holes of the plate material.
The structure of a wooden building according to claim 2. In the plurality of pillar materials, a predetermined number of pillar materials are arranged along the first direction, and a column row consisting of the predetermined number of pillar materials is arranged parallel to the first direction and along the second direction. arranged in rows,
The structure of a wooden building according to any one of claims 1 to 3. A plate-shaped face material is further attached to the surface constituted by the plate material and the pillar material,
The structure of a wooden building according to any one of claims 1 to 4. A metal fitting for fixing the pillar material and the plate material is attached to the joint part of the pillar material and the plate material,
The structure of a wooden building according to any one of claims 1 to 5. It also includes a foundation placed below the wooden building.
the plurality of pillar materials and the base are joined;
The structure of a wooden building according to any one of claims 1 to 6. A plate-shaped face material is further attached to the surface composed of the pillar material, the plate material, and the base;
The structure of a wooden building according to claim 7. A metal fitting for fixing the pillar material and the foundation is attached to the joint part of the pillar material and the foundation,
The structure of a wooden building according to claim 7 or 8. placing the board on the foundation of a wooden building instead of the foundation;
Or, placing the board on the base,
The structure of a wooden building according to any one of claims 7 to 9. The two pillars spaced apart are arranged along the first direction, and the first flat plate portion of the plate sandwiched between the two pillars functions as a beam.
The structure of a wooden building according to any one of claims 1 to 10. The two spaced apart pillars are arranged along the second direction, and the second flat plate portion of the plate sandwiched between the two pillars functions as a beam.
The structure of a wooden building according to any one of claims 1 to 10.

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