JP7358299B2 - 肝細胞がん(hcc)およびその他のがんに対する免疫療法で使用するための新規ペプチドおよびペプチド組み合わせ - Google Patents
肝細胞がん(hcc)およびその他のがんに対する免疫療法で使用するための新規ペプチドおよびペプチド組み合わせ Download PDFInfo
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Description
これまでに、ワクチン接種治験は、臨床転帰の限定的改善のみを示している。
表5B:本発明によるペプチドと、その他のがん性疾患、特にその他の増殖性疾患における、それらの特定用途;S*=ホスホセリン
NSCLC=非小細胞肺がん、SCLC=小細胞肺がん、RCC=腎がん、CRC=結腸または直腸がん、GC=胃がん、HCC=肝臓がん、PC=膵臓がん、PrC=前立腺がん、白血病、BRCA=乳がん、MCC=メルケル細胞がん、OC=卵巣がん、NHL=非ホジキンリンパ腫、AML=急性骨髄性白血病、CLL=慢性リンパ球性白血病。
例えば、マウスなどの哺乳類動物モデルにおいて、CD8陽性Tリンパ球の不在下であっても、インターフェロンγ(IFNγ)の分泌による血管新生阻害を通じて腫瘍発現を阻害するには、CD4陽性T細胞で十分であることが示された。
a)がん精巣抗原:T細胞によって認識され得る、これまでに同定された最初のTAAは、このクラスに属し、元々はがん精巣(CT)抗原と称されたが、それは、そのメンバーが組織学的に異なるヒト腫瘍で発現し、正常組織では、精巣の精母細胞/精原細胞のみに存在し、時として胎盤に存在するためであった。精巣の細胞は、クラスIおよびII HLA分子を発現しないので、これらの抗原は正常組織のT細胞によって認識され得ず、したがって免疫学的に腫瘍特異的と見なされる。CT抗原の周知の例は、MAGEファミリーメンバーまたはNY-ESO-1である。
ALDH1L1の発現は、HCCおよび神経膠腫で下方制御されることが示された。これらのがんにおけるALDH1L1の下方制御は、芳しくない予後およびより侵襲性の表現型と関連した(Rodriguez et al.,2008;Chen et al.,2012b)
ALG3の発現は、食道扁平上皮がんおよび子宮頸がんで促進されることが示された(Shi et al.,2014;Choi et al.,2007)。食道扁平上皮がんでは、ALG3の発現増大はリンパ節転移と相関した(Shi et al.,2014)。
同一性百分率=100[1-(C/R)]
式中、Cは、参照配列と比較される配列との間のアライメント長にわたる、参照配列と比較配列の間の差異の数であり、
(i)比較配列中に対応する整列塩基またはアミノ酸を有しない、参照配列中の各塩基またはアミノ酸、および
(ii)参照配列中の各ギャップ、および
(iii)比較配列中の整列塩基またはアミノ酸と異なる、参照配列中の各整列塩基またはアミノ酸が、差異を構成して、
(iiii)アライメントは、整合配列の1位から開始しなくてはならず;
Rは、比較配列とのアライメント長にわたる参照配列中の塩基またはアミノ酸の数であり、参照配列中に生じるあらゆるギャップも塩基またはアミノ酸として数えられる。
可能な場合は常に、本発明の抗体は、商業的供給元から購入されてもよい。また本発明の抗体は、周知の方法を使用して製造されてもよい。当業者は、本発明の抗体を製造するために、完全長CLLマーカーポリペプチドまたはそのフラグメントのどちらを使用してもよいことを理解するであろう。本発明の抗体を製造するために使用されるポリペプチドは、天然起源から部分的にまたは完全に精製されてもよく、または組換えDNA技術を使用して製造されてもよい。
(a)溶液中のまたは凍結乾燥形態の上述の医薬組成物を含有する容器;
(b)任意選択的に、凍結乾燥製剤のための希釈剤または再構成溶液を含有する第2の容器;および
(c)任意選択的に、(i)溶液の使用、または(ii)凍結乾燥製剤の再構成および/または使用のための取扱説明書
を含んでなるキットをさらに目的とする。
1.悪性物質からのHLAリガンドは、質量分析法によって同定された
2.ゲノム規模メッセンジャーリボ核酸(mRNA)発現解析を使用して、一連の正常器官および組織と比較して悪性組織(HCC)中の遺伝子過剰発現が同定された
3.同定されたHLAリガンドは、遺伝子発現データと比較された。好ましくは、ステップ2で検出されるような選択的に発現または過剰発現される遺伝子によってコードされる、腫瘍組織上で過剰提示または選択的に提示されるペプチドは、多ペプチドワクチンのための適切なTUMAP候補と見なされた。
5.mRNAレベルでの過剰発現の関連性は、ステップ3からの選択されたTUMAPの腫瘍組織上における再検出と、健常組織における検出の欠如(またはまれな検出)によって確認された。
組織サンプル
患者の腫瘍組織は、Universitatsklinik fur Allgemeine,Viszeral-und Transplantationschirurgie,Tubingen,Germany;Istituto Nazionale Tumori”Pascale”.Molecular Biology and Viral Oncology Unit,Via Mariano,Naples,Italy;Bio-Options Inc.,Brea,CA,USA;ProteoGenex Inc.,Culver City,CA,USA;Asterand Europe,Royston Herts,United Kingdomから得られた。全ての患者の告知に基づく同意書を外科手術前に得た。組織は外科手術の直後に衝撃凍結されて、TUMAPの単離まで-70℃未満で保存された。
衝撃凍結組織サンプルからのHLAペプチド貯留は、わずかに修正されたプロトコル(Falk, K.,1991;Seeger,F.H.T.,1999)に従って、HLA-A*02-特異的抗体BB7.2、HLA-A、-B、-C特異的抗体W6/32、CNBr活性化セファロース、酸処理、および限外濾過を使用して、固形組織からの免疫沈殿によって得られた。
得られたHLAペプチド貯留は、逆相クロマトグラフィー(nanoAcquity UPL C system、Waters)によって、それらの疎水性に従って分離され、ESI源を装着したLTQ-velosおよびfusionハイブリッド質量分光計(ThermoElectron)内で溶出ペプチドが分析された。ペプチド貯留は、毎分400nLの流速を適用して、1.7μm C18逆相材料(Waters)で充填された、分析用融合シリカマイクロキャピラリーカラム(75μm内径×250mm)上に直接、挿入された。引き続いて、毎分300nLの流速で10%から33%へのBの二段階180分間二成分勾配を用いて、ペプチドが分離された。勾配は、溶媒A(水中の0.1%ギ酸)および溶媒B(アセトニトリル中の0.1%ギ酸)から構成された。nanoESI源への導入には、金被覆ガラス毛管(PicoTip、New Objective)が使用された。LTQ-Orbitrap質量分光計は、TOP5ストラテジーを使用してデータ依存モードで操作された。手短に述べると、スキャンサイクルは、Orbitrap(R=30000)内の高質量精度の完全スキャンで開始され、これもまたOrbitrap(R=7500)内の5種の最も豊富な前駆イオンのMS/MSスキャンがそれに続き、あらかじめ選択されたイオンは動的に除外された。タンデム質量スペクトルは、SEQUESTおよび追加的な手動調節によって解釈された。同定されたペプチド配列は、生じた天然ペプチド断片化パターンと、配列が同一の合成参照ペプチドの断片化パターンとの比較によって保証された。
本発明のペプチドをコードする遺伝子の発現プロファイリング
正常細胞と比較した腫瘍細胞上のペプチドの過剰提示または特異的提示は、免疫療法におけるその有用性にとって十分であり、いくつかのペプチドは、それらの起源タンパク質が正常組織にもまた存在するにもかかわらず、腫瘍特異的である。それでもなお、mRNA発現プロファイリングは、免疫療法のためのペプチド標的の選択において、安全性のレベルを高めることができる。特に、アフィニティ成熟TCRなどの高い安全性リスクがある治療の選択肢では、理想的な標的ペプチドは、腫瘍に特有で正常組織上には見られないタンパク質に由来する。
外科的に除去された組織標本は、告知に基づく同意書が各患者から入手された後に、上述の通り提供された(実施例1を参照されたい)。腫瘍組織標本は、外科手術直後にスナップ凍結され、その後、液体窒素下で乳鉢と乳棒によって均質化された。全RNAは、これらのサンプルから、TRI試薬(Ambion,Darmstadt,Germany)を使用して調製され、RNeasy(QIAGEN,Hilden,Germany)による精製がそれに続き;どちらの方法も製造業者のプロトコルに従って実施された。
全ての腫瘍および正常組織RNAサンプルの遺伝子発現解析は、Affymetrix Human Genome(HG)U133AまたはHG-U133 Plus 2.0オリゴヌクレオチドマイクロアレイ(Affymetrix,Santa Clara,CA,USA)によって実施された。全てのステップは、Affymetrixマニュアルに従って実施された。簡単に述べると、二本鎖cDNAは、マニュアルに記載されるようにして、SuperScript RTII(Invitrogen)およびオリゴdT-T7プライマー(MWG Biotech,Ebersberg,Germany)を使用して、5~8μgの全RNAから合成された。生体外転写は、U133Aアレイについては、BioArray High Yield RNA Transcript Labelling Kit(ENZO Diagnostics,Inc.,Farmingdale,NY,USA)を用いて、またはU133プラス2.0アレイでは、GeneChip IVT Labelling Kit(Affymetrix)を用いて実施され、cRNA断片化、ハイブリダイゼーション、そしてストレプトアビジン-フィコエリトリンとビオチン化抗ストレプトアビジン抗体(Molecular Probes,Leiden,Netherlands)による染色がそれに続いた。画像は、Agilent 2500A GeneArray Scanner(U133A)またはAffymetrix Gene-Chip Scanner 3000(U133 Plus 2.0)でスキャンされ、全てのパラメータについてデフォルト設定を使用して、GCOSソフトウェア(Affymetrix)によってデータが解析された。正規化のために、Affymetrixによって提供される100個のハウスキーピング遺伝子が使用された。相対的発現値は、ソフトウェアによって与えられるシグナルlog比から計算され、正常な腎臓サンプルが自由裁量で1.0に設定された。HCC中で高度に過剰発現されまたは排他的に発現される本発明の起源遺伝子の代表的発現プロファイルは、図2に示される。さらなる代表的遺伝子の発現スコアは、表9に示される。
本発明によるT細胞ベースの治療法のための候補ペプチドは、それらのMHC結合能力(親和性)についてさらに試験された。個々のペプチド-MHC複合体は、UVリガンド交換によって生成され、UV感受性ペプチドはUV照射に際して切断されて、分析される関心のあるペプチドで交換された。ペプチド受容性MHC分子と効果的に結合して安定化し得るペプチド候補のみが、MHC複合体の分離を防止する。交換反応の収率を判定するために、安定化MHC複合体の軽鎖(β2m)の検出に基づくELISAが実施された。アッセイは、概して、Rodenko et al.(Rodenko B,Toebes M,Hadrup SR,van Esch WJ,Molenaar AM,Schumacher TN,Ovaa H.Generation of peptide-MHC class I complexes through UV-mediated ligand exchange.Nat Protoc.2006;1(3):1120-32.)に記載されるようにして実施された。
<20%=+;20%-49%=++;50%-75%=+++;>=75%=++++
ペプチド配列に依存する、HLA-クラスI拘束性ペプチドのHLA-A*02またはHLA-A*24への結合は、ペプチド交換収率によって分類された:>10%=+;>20%=++;>50=+++;>75%=++++。S*=ホスホセリン
MHCクラスI提示ペプチドの生体外免疫原性
本発明のTUMAPの免疫原性に関する情報を得るために、本発明者らは、ペプチド/MHC複合体および抗CD28抗体を負荷した人工抗原提示細胞(aAPC)によるCD8+T細胞の反復刺激に基づく、生体外T細胞プライミングアッセイを用いて調査を実施した。このようにして、本発明者らは、これまでに本発明の22個のHLA-A*0201拘束性TUMAPの免疫原性を示し得て、これらのペプチドが、それに対するCD8+前駆T細胞がヒトに存在する、T細胞エピトープであることを実証した(表11)。
ペプチド-MHC複合体(pMHC)および抗CD28抗体を負荷した、人工抗原提示細胞による生体外刺激を実施するために、本発明者らは、最初に、告知に基づく同意後に、University clinics Mannheim,Germanyから得られた健常ドナーのCD8ミクロビーズ(Miltenyi Biotec,Bergisch-Gladbach,Germany)を使用した正の選択を通じて、新鮮HLA-A*02白血球除去生成物からCD8+T細胞を単離した。
試験されたHLAクラスIペプチドでは、ペプチド特異的T細胞株の生成によって、生体外免疫原性が実証され得た。本発明の3種のペプチドの、TUMAP特異的多量体染色後の代表的フローサイトメトリー結果は、対応する陰性対照と共に図3および図4に示される。本発明からの22種のペプチドの結果は、表11Aに要約される。
出願人によって実施された本発明のペプチドの生体外免疫原性実験の代表的結果。<20%=+;20%~49%=++;50%~69%=+++;>=70%=++++
出願人によって実施された、本発明のHLA-A*24拘束性ペプチドについての生体外免疫原性実験の代表的結果である。生体外免疫原性実験の結果が示される。陽性ウェルおよびドナーの百分率(評価可能内の)は、示されるように要約される1~20%=+;20%~49%=++;50%~69%=+++;>=70%=++++
CD8+T細胞は、抗CD28mAbと、それぞれ、IMA-APOB-002(配列番号7)ペプチド(A、右側パネル)またはIMA-APOB-003(B、右側パネル、配列番号1)、またはIMA-ALDH1L1-001(C、右側パネル、配列番号2)と複合体形成する、HLA-A*02とで被覆された、人工APCを使用して初回刺激された。3サイクルの刺激後、A*02/APOB-002(A)またはA*02/APOB-003(B)、またはA*02/ALDH1L1-001での2D多量体染色によって、ペプチド反応性細胞の検出が実施された。左側パネル(A、B、C)は、無関係のA*02/ペプチド複合体によって刺激された細胞の対照染色を示す。生存一重細胞は、CD8+リンパ球についてゲートされた。ブーリアンゲートは、異なるペプチドに対して特異的な多量体によって検出された、擬陽性事象の除外を助けた。CD8+リンパ球の中の特異的多量体+細胞の頻度が示される。
CD8+T細胞は、それぞれIMA-KLHL24-001(配列番号190)ペプチド(A、右側パネル)またはIMA-APOB-006(B、右側パネル、配列番号218)と複合体形成する、抗CD28mAbおよびHLA-A*24で被覆された人工APCを使用して初回刺激された。3サイクルの刺激後、A*24/KLHL24-001(A)またはA*24/APOB-006(B)での2D多量体染色によって、ペプチド反応性細胞の検出が実施された。左側パネル(AおよびB)は、無関係のA*24/ペプチド複合体によって刺激された細胞の対照染色を示す。生存一重細胞は、CD8+リンパ球についてゲートされた。ブーリアンゲートは、異なるペプチドに対して特異的な多量体によって検出された、擬陽性事象の除外を助けた。CD8+リンパ球の中の特異的多量体+細胞の頻度が示される。
全てのペプチドは、Fmocストラテジーを使用する、標準的な十分に確立された固相ペプチド合成を使用して合成された。個々のペプチドのアイデンティティーおよび純度は、質量分析法および分析用RP-HPLCによって判定された。ペプチドは、純度>50%の白色から灰白色の凍結乾燥物(トリフルオロ酢酸塩)として得られた。全てのTUMAPは、好ましくはトリフルオロ酢酸塩または酢酸塩として投与され、その他の塩形態もまた可能である。
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Claims (16)
- 配列番号56に示されるアミノ酸配列からなるペプチドまたはその薬学的に許容可能な塩であって、前記ペプチドが、ヒト主要組織適合性複合体(MHC)クラスIの分子と結合する能力を有し、前記ペプチドが、MHCと結合した際にCD8 T細胞によって認識される能力がある、ペプチドまたはその薬学的に許容可能な塩。
- 前記ペプチドが、非ペプチド結合を含む、および/または前記ペプチドが、HLA-DR抗原関連不変鎖(Ii)の80個のN末端アミノ酸を含んでなる融合タンパク質の一部である、請求項1に記載のペプチド。
- MHC分子と結合する請求項1に記載のペプチドを特異的に認識する、可溶性抗体または膜結合抗体。
- HLAリガンドと反応性である、可溶性または膜結合T細胞受容体であって、前記リガンドが配列番号56に示されるアミノ酸配列からなる、T細胞受容体(TCR)。
- 請求項1または2に記載のペプチドをエンコードする核酸、請求項3に記載の抗体をエンコードする核酸、もしくは請求項4に記載のTCRをエンコードする核酸、または前記核酸を発現する発現ベクター。
- 請求項1または2に記載のペプチド、または請求項5に記載の核酸または発現ベクターを含んでなる、宿主細胞。
- 請求項1または2に記載のペプチドを提示しまたは請求項5に記載の核酸または発現ベクターを発現する請求項6に記載の宿主細胞を培養するステップと、前記ペプチド、抗体またはTCRを前記宿主細胞またはその培養液から単離するステップとを含んでなる、請求項1または2に記載のペプチド、請求項3に記載の抗体、または請求項4に記載のTCRを製造する方法。
- T細胞を、適切な抗原提示細胞の表面または抗原提示細胞を模倣する人工コンストラクトの表面に発現される抗原負荷ヒトクラスI MHC分子に、前記T細胞を抗原特異的様式で活性化するのに十分な時間にわたり、生体外で接触させるステップを含んでなり、前記抗原が、請求項1に記載のペプチドである、活性化T細胞を製造するインビトロ法。
- 請求項1に記載のペプチドを含んでなるポリペプチドを提示する細胞を選択的に認識する、請求項8に記載の方法によって製造される活性化T細胞。
- 請求項1または2に記載のペプチド、請求項3に記載の抗体、請求項4に記載のTCR、請求項6に記載の発現ベクターを含んでなる宿主細胞、および請求項9に記載の活性化T細胞からなる群から選択される、少なくとも1つの活性成分、および薬学的に許容可能な担体を含んでなる医薬組成物。
- 医療で使用するための、請求項1または2に記載のペプチド、請求項3に記載の抗体、請求項4に記載のTCR、請求項6に記載の発現ベクターを含んでなる宿主細胞、請求項9に記載の活性化T細胞、または請求項10に記載の医薬組成物を含む、剤。
- がんを治療するための剤であって、請求項1または2に記載のペプチド、請求項3に記載の抗体、請求項4に記載のTCR、請求項6に記載の発現ベクターを含んでなる宿主細胞、請求項9に記載の活性化T細胞、または請求項10に記載の医薬組成物を含む、剤。
- 前記がんが、配列番号56に示されるアミノ酸配列からなるペプチドの過剰提示を示すものであって、HCC、脳腫瘍、腎がん、膵臓がん、結腸または直腸がん、白血病の群から選択される、請求項12に記載の剤。
- (a)請求項10に記載の医薬組成物を溶液または凍結乾燥形態で含んでなる容器;および
(b)前記凍結乾燥製剤のための希釈剤または再構成溶液を含有する第2の容器
を含んでなるキット。 - (c)配列番号56を除く配列番号1~配列番号346からなる群から選択される少なくとももう1つのペプチドをさらに含む、請求項14に記載のキット。
- (d)(i)前記溶液の使用、または(ii)前記凍結乾燥製剤の再構成および/または使用のための取扱説明書をさらに含む、請求項14または15に記載のキット。
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