JP7241875B2 - 高出力型のリチウムイオン電池用正極材料及びその製造方法 - Google Patents
高出力型のリチウムイオン電池用正極材料及びその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 28
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 27
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 26
- 239000010406 cathode material Substances 0.000 title claims description 11
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 claims description 97
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims description 76
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 72
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 63
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 53
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 51
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims description 48
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 43
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims description 38
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000011163 secondary particle Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 27
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 23
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000011164 primary particle Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000004005 microsphere Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium chloride Substances [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonia Natural products N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000000975 co-precipitation Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000008139 complexing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000004645 aluminates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L lithium carbonate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-]C([O-])=O XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052808 lithium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000012670 alkaline solution Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910015005 LiaNixCoyMzO2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- YNQRWVCLAIUHHI-UHFFFAOYSA-L dilithium;oxalate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O YNQRWVCLAIUHHI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 3
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 63
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 48
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 30
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 16
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 16
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000011859 microparticle Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000001493 electron microscopy Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 5
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910017071 Ni0.6Co0.2Mn0.2(OH)2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910017069 Ni0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 4
- -1 nickel-cobalt-aluminum Chemical compound 0.000 description 4
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000004931 aggregating effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000635 electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000003981 vehicle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910016488 Ni0.4Co0.3Mn0.3(OH)2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910015150 Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3(OH)2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 description 2
- LEDMRZGFZIAGGB-UHFFFAOYSA-L strontium carbonate Chemical compound [Sr+2].[O-]C([O-])=O LEDMRZGFZIAGGB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910000018 strontium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910014981 LiaNixCoyMnzO2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910015207 Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007771 core particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001687 destabilization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002542 deteriorative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004069 differentiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001882 dioxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004134 energy conservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 1
- XIXADJRWDQXREU-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium acetate Chemical compound [Li+].CC([O-])=O XIXADJRWDQXREU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011325 microbead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005191 phase separation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010420 shell particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Na+].[Na+] KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001948 sodium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012798 spherical particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
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- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
- H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
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- C01G53/00—Compounds of nickel
- C01G53/40—Complex oxides containing nickel and at least one other metal element
- C01G53/42—Complex oxides containing nickel and at least one other metal element containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2
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- C01G53/00—Compounds of nickel
- C01G53/40—Complex oxides containing nickel and at least one other metal element
- C01G53/42—Complex oxides containing nickel and at least one other metal element containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2
- C01G53/44—Complex oxides containing nickel and at least one other metal element containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2 containing manganese
- C01G53/50—Complex oxides containing nickel and at least one other metal element containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2 containing manganese of the type (MnO2)n-, e.g. Li(NixMn1-x)O2 or Li(MyNixMn1-x-y)O2
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- C01G53/80—Compounds containing nickel, with or without oxygen or hydrogen, and containing one or more other elements
- C01G53/82—Compounds containing nickel, with or without oxygen or hydrogen, and containing two or more other elements
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- H01M4/485—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of mixed oxides or hydroxides for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiTi2O4 or LiTi2OxFy
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- H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
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Description
総合的な発明概念に基づき、本発明はさらに上記リチウムイオン電池用正極材料の製造方法を提供し、以下のステップを含む。
(2)ステップ(1)で得られた前駆体とリチウム塩を均一に混合してから、焼結することで、LiaNixCoyMzO2正極材料を得る。
好ましくは、ステップ(2)において、焼結温度は500℃-1000℃であり、焼結時間は6-24hであり、焼結雰囲気は空気及び/又は酸素である。
従来技術に比べ、本発明の有益な効果は以下のとおりである。
特に説明のない限り、本発明で用いられる各種原材料、試薬、機器及び装置等は、いずれも市販品であるか又は従来の方法で製造されたものである。
該正極材料の製造方法は、以下のステップを含む。
該正極材料の製造方法は、以下のステップを含む:
該正極材料の製造方法は、以下のステップを含む。
該正極材料の製造方法は、以下のステップを含む。
該正極材料の製造方法は、以下のステップを含む。
該正極材料の製造方法は、以下のステップを含む:
該正極材料の製造方法は、以下のステップを含む:
Claims (4)
- リチウムイオン電池用正極材料の製造方法であって、
前記正極材料の化学式はLiaNixCoyMzO2であり、ここで、0.96≦a≦1.35、0.3≦x≦1、0≦y≦0.4、0≦z≦0.4、x+y+z=1であり、
MはMn、Al、Zr、Mg、W、Ti、Y、La、B及びSrのうちの1つ以上であり、前記正極材料は中空微小球構造を呈する二次粒子であり、前記二次粒子のシェル部分は複数の一次粒子が凝集して形成され、
前記製造方法は、
共沈法を用いてNi x Co y M z (OH) 2 前駆体を合成するステップであって、前記前駆体の合成はコア形成及びコア成長段階及びシェル成長段階を含み、前記コア形成及びコア成長段階において、アンモニウムイオン濃度が7g/L-15g/Lとなる量の錯化剤を使用し、シェル成長段階において、コア形成及びコア成長段階よりも高い濃度の錯化剤を使用し、得られた前駆体の中心部分は微小粒子により形成され、シェル部分は該微小粒子よりも粒径が大きい大粒子により形成されるステップ(1)と、
前記ステップ(1)で得られた前駆体とリチウム塩を均一に混合し、次に焼結することで、Li a Ni x Co y M z O 2 正極材料を得るステップ(2)と、を含み、
前記ステップ(1)において、共沈法を用いてNi x Co y M z (OH) 2 前駆体を合成する操作が、Ni、Co、Mを含有する金属塩溶液、アルカリ溶液、アンモニア水溶液を、それぞれ底液を有する反応釜に加えて反応させ、反応過程において、反応温度は40℃-60℃であり、撹拌回転数は100r/min-1000r/minであり、反応系のpH値を8-13に制御し、反応釜に窒素ガスを連続して導入し、前駆体のコア形成及びコア成長段階において反応系のアンモニウムイオン濃度を7g/L-15g/Lに制御し、シェル成長段階において反応系のアンモニウムイオン濃度を30g/L-40g/Lに制御し、且つシェル成長段階のアンモニウムイオン濃度はコア形成段階及びコア成長段階のアンモニウムイオン濃度より高く、反応により得られた沈殿を固液分離、エージング、洗浄及び乾燥させることで、Ni x Co y M z (OH) 2 前駆体を得ることを含み、
前記ステップ(2)において、リチウム塩の添加量はLiとNi+Co+Mのモル比が0.96-1.35であることを基準とし、前記リチウム塩は炭酸リチウム、水酸化リチウム、シュウ酸リチウム及び酢酸リチウムのうちの1つ以上であり、前記前駆体とリチウム塩を混合する時にさらにドーピング元素の酸化物を加え、前記ドーピング元素はAl、Zr、Mg、W、Ti、Y、La、B及びSrのうちから選択される前記M以外の1つ以上であり、該ドーピング元素が前記正極材料に占める質量パーセントは0.01wt%-2wt%である
ことを特徴とする、リチウムイオン電池用正極材料の製造方法。 - 前記金属塩溶液は硫酸塩溶液、硝酸塩溶液、塩化塩溶液、酢酸塩溶液及びアルミン酸塩溶液のうちの1つ以上であり、前記金属塩溶液中の総金属イオン濃度は0.05mol/L-3mol/Lであり、前記アルカリ溶液は水酸化ナトリウム溶液であり、前記アルカリ溶液の濃度は1mol/L-10mol/Lであり、前記アンモニア水溶液のアンモニウムイオン濃度は3mol/L-6mol/Lであることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の製造方法。
- 前記ステップ(2)において、焼結温度は500℃-1000℃であり、焼結時間は6-24hであり、焼結雰囲気は空気又は酸素、又は酸素と空気の混合であることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の製造方法。
- 焼結過程において多段階温度制御焼結方法を用い、まず500-700℃で5-6h保温し、次に810-1000℃まで昇温して8-10h保温し、さらに700-750℃まで冷却して5-8h保温することを特徴とする、請求項3に記載の製造方法。
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