JP7109015B2 - 二酸化炭素の水素還元用触媒とその製造方法、二酸化炭素の水素還元方法および二酸化炭素の水素還元装置 - Google Patents
二酸化炭素の水素還元用触媒とその製造方法、二酸化炭素の水素還元方法および二酸化炭素の水素還元装置 Download PDFInfo
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- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 292
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 title claims description 159
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 159
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 153
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 146
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 title claims description 145
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 title claims description 122
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims description 114
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 21
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 19
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 57
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 57
- 239000002082 metal nanoparticle Substances 0.000 claims description 43
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 claims description 41
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 34
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 23
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ZrO2 Inorganic materials O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001506 calcium phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000389 calcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000011010 calcium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011147 inorganic material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- ZKATWMILCYLAPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium pentoxide Inorganic materials O=[Nb](=O)O[Nb](=O)=O ZKATWMILCYLAPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- URLJKFSTXLNXLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium(5+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Nb+5].[Nb+5] URLJKFSTXLNXLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H tricalcium bis(phosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011236 particulate material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 123
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- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
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- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001111 Fine metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Description
また、本発明は、以下の実施形態によって限定的に解釈されるものではない。
本実施形態の二酸化炭素の水素還元用触媒は、サバチエ反応を利用して、水素と二酸化炭素とを反応させて、メタンを生成させる際に利用されるものである。サバチエ反応による二酸化炭素の水素還元反応の反応過程は、次のように考えられる。
本実施形態の二酸化炭素の水素還元用触媒の製造方法は、上述の二酸化炭素の水素還元用触媒1を製造する方法である。本実施形態の製造方法では、金属と金属酸化物とを含むターゲットを用い、担体を転動させながら、スパッタリングを行って、その担体の表面に、金属を含むナノ粒子と金属酸化物を含むナノ粒子とを分散担持させる。
本実施形態の二酸化炭素の水素還元方法は、サバチエ反応を利用して、二酸化炭素を水素還元することによって、メタンと水を生成させる方法である。本実施形態の二酸化炭素の水素還元方法は、上述の二酸化炭素の水素還元用触媒に、二酸化炭素と水素を含有するガスを接触させる工程を備える。
本実施形態の二酸化炭素の水素還元装置は、サバチエ反応を利用して、二酸化炭素を水素還元することによって、メタンと水を生成させるための装置である。本実施形態の二酸化炭素の水素還元装置は、上述の二酸化炭素の水素還元用触媒が充填された反応管を備える。
図2に示す多角バレルスパッタ装置10を用いて、TiO2粒状物に、Ruナノ粒子とTiO2ナノ粒子とが分散担持されているRu-TiO2担持TiO2粒状物を作製した。
具体的には、まず、多角バレルスパッタ装置10のターゲットホルダー13に、金属ターゲット3aとしてRuターゲットを、金属酸化物ターゲット4aとしてTiO2ターゲットを配置した。ターゲットホルダー13に配置したRuターゲットとTiO2ターゲットのスパッタ面の面積比は1:1とした。
Ru-TiO2/TiO2のTEM写真を図5の(a)に、Ruナノ粒子の粒度分布図を(b)に示す。図5(a)のTEM写真から、Ru-TiO2/TiO2の表面に微細なRuナノ粒子が高分散していることが確認された。また、図5(b)の粒度分布図から算出されたRuナノ粒子の平均粒子径(132個の粒子の平均値)は1.7nmと非常に微細であった。
多角バレルスパッタ装置10のターゲットホルダー13に、TiO2ターゲットの代わりに、ZrO2ターゲットを用い、ターゲットホルダー13にRuターゲットとZrO2ターゲットとを、スパッタ面の面積比が1:0.5となるように配置した以外は、実施例1と同様にして、TiO2粒状物に、Ruナノ粒子とZrO2ナノ粒子とが分散担持されているRu-ZrO2担持TiO2粒状物(Ru-ZrO2/TiO2)を作製した。
多角バレルスパッタ装置のターゲットホルダーに、TiO2ターゲットを配置せずに、Ruターゲットのみを配置し、高周波印加機構への高周波の印加時間を2時間にしたこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして、TiO2粒状物に、Ruナノ粒子が担持されているRu担持TiO2粒状物(Ru/TiO2)を作製した。
実施例1、2および比較例1で作製した二酸化炭素の水素還元用触媒について、二酸化炭素の還元率の温度依存性を測定した。次いで、温度依存測定で使用した二酸化炭素の水素還元用触媒の表面状態を評価した。
試料の二酸化炭素の水素還元用触媒1.0gとグラスウール2.0gとを混合して、グラスウール中に水素還元用触媒を分散付着させた触媒付グラスウールを得た。得られた触媒付グラスウールを、上下方向に開口し、下部にガラスフィルタを備えたガラス管(硼珪酸ガラス製、直径20mm)に、高さが30mmになるように充填した。充填した触媒付グラスウールの上下の端部からそれぞれ5mmの位置と中央部の3カ所に熱電対を配置した。触媒付グラスウールを充填したガラス管をヒータに配置し、ガラス管の上側の開口部を、質量流量計(MFC)を備えたガス供給管と接続し、下側の開口部を排気管と接続した。
上記温度依存性の測定で使用した触媒付グラスウールをガラス管から取出した。次いで、グラスウールに付着している二酸化炭素の水素還元用触媒を回収し、TEMを用いて、その水素還元用触媒の表面状態を観察し、またRu粒子の粒度分布を測定した。
図9(a)のTEM写真を、図5(a)のTEM写真とを比較すると、使用後のRu-TiO2/TiO2は、Ruナノ粒子が全体的に均一に粒成長していることが確認された。また、図9(b)の粒度分布図から算出されたRuナノ粒子の平均粒子径(166個の粒子の平均値)が2.6nmであった。
図10(a)のTEM写真を、図6(a)のTEM写真とを比較すると、使用後のRu-ZrO2/TiO2は、Ruナノ粒子が全体的に均一に粒成長していることが確認された。また、図9(b)の粒度分布図から算出されたRuナノ粒子の平均粒子径(135個の粒子の平均値)が2.5nmであった。
図11(a)のTEM写真を、図7(a)のTEM写真とを比較すると、使用後のRu/TiO2は、Ruナノ粒子が不均一に粒成長しており、長径が20nmを超える大型の粒子が生成していることが確認された。また、図9(b)の粒度分布図から算出されたRuナノ粒子は、平均粒子径(128個の粒子の平均値)が4.3nmであった。
Claims (8)
- 担体に、触媒金属ナノ粒子と前記触媒金属ナノ粒子の粒成長を抑制するための金属酸化物とがそれぞれ分散担持されてい て、
前記触媒金属ナノ粒子および前記金属酸化物が、金属と金属酸化物とを含むターゲットを用い、前記担体を転動させながら、スパッタリングを行うことにより得られたものであ る、二酸化炭素の水素還元用触媒。 - 前記触媒金属ナノ粒子が、Fe、Co、Ni、Cu、Ru、Pd、Ag、Ir及びPtからなる群より選択される少なくとも一種の金属を含むナノ粒子である、請求項1に記載の二酸化炭素の水素還元用触媒。
- 前記金属酸化物が、二酸化チタン及び二酸化ジルコニウムからなる群より選択される少なくとも一種の金属酸化物である、請求項1または2に記載の二酸化炭素の水素還元用触媒。
- 前記担体が、二酸化ケイ素、酸化マグネシウム、二酸化チタン、二酸化ジルコニウム、五酸化二ニオブ、酸化アルミニウム、ゼオライト及びリン酸カルシウムからなる群から選択される少なくとも一種の無機材料を含む粒状物である、請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の二酸化炭素の水素還元用触媒。
- 金属を含むターゲットと前記金属を含むナノ粒子の粒成長を抑制するための金属酸化物を含むターゲットとを用い、担体を転動させながら、スパッタリングを行って、前記担体の表面に、前記金属を含むナノ粒子と前記金属酸化物とを分散担持させる、二酸化炭素の水素還元用触媒の製造方法。
- 請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載の二酸化炭素の水素還元用触媒に、二酸化炭素と水素を含有するガスを接触させる工程を備える、二酸化炭素の水素還元方法。
- 前記二酸化炭素の水素還元用触媒に、前記二酸化炭素と水素を含有するガスを50℃以上150℃以下の温度で接触させる、請求項6に記載の二酸化炭素の水素還元方法。
- 請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載の二酸化炭素の水素還元用触媒が充填された反応管を備える、二酸化炭素の水素還元装置。
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