JP7103234B2 - 二次電池 - Google Patents
二次電池 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP7103234B2 JP7103234B2 JP2018564619A JP2018564619A JP7103234B2 JP 7103234 B2 JP7103234 B2 JP 7103234B2 JP 2018564619 A JP2018564619 A JP 2018564619A JP 2018564619 A JP2018564619 A JP 2018564619A JP 7103234 B2 JP7103234 B2 JP 7103234B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- insulating layer
- positive electrode
- secondary battery
- separator
- lithium
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 116
- -1 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 claims description 65
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 63
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 claims description 50
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 claims description 50
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 35
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 35
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- RSNHXDVSISOZOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium nickel Chemical compound [Li].[Ni] RSNHXDVSISOZOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 28
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical compound FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 45
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 description 21
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 20
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- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 19
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- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 14
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 12
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 12
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 11
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 10
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- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 10
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 10
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- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 9
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 8
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- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 8
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- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000003125 aqueous solvent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000002845 discoloration Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 6
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- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 6
- OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCC OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
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- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 5
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- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 5
- ZZXUZKXVROWEIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-butylene carbonate Chemical compound CCC1COC(=O)O1 ZZXUZKXVROWEIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229920000178 Acrylic resin Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000004925 Acrylic resin Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 4
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 4
- VUPKGFBOKBGHFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipropyl carbonate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)OCCC VUPKGFBOKBGHFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000011267 electrode slurry Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 4
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000012982 microporous membrane Substances 0.000 description 4
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- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butanone Chemical compound CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004962 Polyamide-imide Substances 0.000 description 3
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000005856 abnormality Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000005676 cyclic carbonates Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920002312 polyamide-imide Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000002759 woven fabric Substances 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910012446 LiNi0.50Mn0.30Co0.20O2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910012838 LiNi0.60Mn0.20Co0.20O2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910013870 LiPF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 2
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920002125 Sokalan® Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000002174 Styrene-butadiene Substances 0.000 description 2
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000006230 acetylene black Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910003481 amorphous carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229920003235 aromatic polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000005678 chain carbonates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexanone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCC1 JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FKRCODPIKNYEAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl propionate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CC FKRCODPIKNYEAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium bromide Chemical compound [Li+].[Br-] AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium chloride Chemical compound [Li+].[Cl-] KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- CXHHBNMLPJOKQD-UHFFFAOYSA-M methyl carbonate Chemical compound COC([O-])=O CXHHBNMLPJOKQD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
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- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052714 tellurium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YEVQZPWSVWZAOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(bromomethyl)-1-iodo-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzene Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C1=CC=C(I)C(CBr)=C1 YEVQZPWSVWZAOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GOXQRTZXKQZDDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Ethylhexyl acrylate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)C=C GOXQRTZXKQZDDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OMIGHNLMNHATMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxyethyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound OCCOC(=O)C=C OMIGHNLMNHATMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C=C HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WOBHKFSMXKNTIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydroxyethyl methacrylate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCCO WOBHKFSMXKNTIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910010238 LiAlCl 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910015015 LiAsF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013063 LiBF 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013372 LiC 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 229910014689 LiMnO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012529 LiNi0.4Co0.3Mn0.3O2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002991 LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012742 LiNi0.5Co0.3Mn0.2O2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910015735 LiNi0.8Co0.05Mn0.15O2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910015515 LiNi0.8Co0.15 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910015866 LiNi0.8Co0.1Al0.1O2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910015872 LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910014422 LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012513 LiSbF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001228 Li[Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3]O2 (NCM 111) Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methacrylic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylacetamide Chemical compound CN(C)C(C)=O FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 1
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- BEKPOUATRPPTLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li].BCl Chemical compound [Li].BCl BEKPOUATRPPTLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- JRPBQTZRNDNNOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium titanate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[Ba+2].[O-][Ti]([O-])([O-])[O-] JRPBQTZRNDNNOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001593 boehmite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011889 copper foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- PMHQVHHXPFUNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-M copper(1+);methylsulfanylmethane;bromide Chemical compound Br[Cu].CSC PMHQVHHXPFUNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- QHGJSLXSVXVKHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dilithium;dioxido(dioxo)manganese Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-][Mn]([O-])(=O)=O QHGJSLXSVXVKHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002612 dispersion medium Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 125000001153 fluoro group Chemical group F* 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004770 highest occupied molecular orbital Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 1
- FAHBNUUHRFUEAI-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxidooxidoaluminium Chemical compound O[Al]=O FAHBNUUHRFUEAI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910003437 indium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PJXISJQVUVHSOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium(iii) oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[In+3].[In+3] PJXISJQVUVHSOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QZUPTXGVPYNUIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N isophthalamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C1=CC=CC(C(N)=O)=C1 QZUPTXGVPYNUIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052745 lead Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L lithium carbonate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-]C([O-])=O XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052808 lithium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- Cell Separators (AREA)
Description
本実施形態のリチウムイオン二次電池は正極と負極の間にポリエチレンテレフタレート(PET)を含むセパレータを有する。ポリエチレンテレフタレートを含むセパレータをポリエチレンテレフタレートセパレータ、またはPETセパレータとも記載する。セパレータは、単層構造であっても積層構造であってもよい。積層構造の場合、セパレータは、ポリエチレンテレフタレート(PET)を含むポリエチレンテレフタレート層を含む。ポリエチレンテレフタレート層は、正極側に配置され、正極と接していることが好ましい。ポリエチレンテレフタレートセパレータには、無機粒子など添加剤やその他の樹脂素材を含んでもよい。ポリエチレンテレフタレートセパレータまたはポリエチレンテレフタレート層におけるポリエチレンテレフタレートの含有量は、好ましくは50重量%以上であり、より好ましくは70重量%以上であり、100重量%であってもよい。
空孔率(%)=[1-(嵩密度ρ(g/cm3)/材料の理論密度ρ0(g/cm3))]×100
正極は、集電体と、集電体上に設けられた、層状構造のリチウムニッケル複合酸化物を含む正極活物質および結着剤を含む正極合剤層と、絶縁層とを備える。正極に絶縁層が設けられることにより、セパレータと層状構造のリチウムニッケル複合酸化物が接触しなくなるので、セパレータの劣化を抑制できる。
(但し、0≦x≦0.4、0<y≦1.2、MはCo、Al、Mn、Fe、Ti及びBからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種の元素である。)
負極は、集電体と、集電体上に設けられた、負極活物質および結着剤を含む負極合剤層とを備える。
電解液は、非水溶媒と、支持塩を含む。非水溶媒としては、特に限定されるものではないが、例えば、プロピレンカーボネート(PC)、エチレンカーボネート(EC)、ブチレンカーボネート(BC)等の環状カーボネート類;ジメチルカーボネート(DMC)、ジエチルカーボネート(DEC)、エチルメチルカーボネート(MEC)、ジプロピルカーボネート(DPC)等の鎖状カーボネート類;プロピレンカーボネート誘導体;ギ酸メチル、酢酸メチル、プロピオン酸エチル等の脂肪族カルボン酸エステル類;ジエチルエーテル、エチルプロピルエーテル等のエーテル類;リン酸トリメチル、リン酸トリエチル、リン酸トリプロピル、リン酸トリオクチル、リン酸トリフェニル等のリン酸エステル類等の非プロトン性有機溶媒、及び、これらの化合物の水素原子の少なくとも一部をフッ素原子で置換したフッ素化非プロトン性有機溶媒等が挙げられる。
本実施形態のリチウムイオン二次電池は、例えば、図1および図2のような構造を有する。このリチウムイオン二次電池は、電池要素20と、それを電解質と一緒に収容するフィルム外装体10と、正極タブ51および負極タブ52(以下、これらを単に「電極タブ」ともいう)とを備えている。
本実施形態によるリチウムイオン二次電池は、通常の方法に従って作製することができる。積層ラミネート型のリチウムイオン二次電池を例に、リチウムイオン二次電池の製造方法の一例を説明する。まず、乾燥空気または不活性雰囲気において、正極および負極を、セパレータを介して対向配置して、電極素子を形成する。次に、この電極素子を外装体(容器)に収容し、電解液を注入して電極に電解液を含浸させる。その後、外装体の開口部を封止してリチウムイオン二次電池を完成する。
本実施形態に係るリチウムイオン二次電池を複数組み合わせて組電池とすることができる。組電池は、例えば、本実施形態に係るリチウムイオン二次電池を2つ以上用い、直列、並列又はその両方で接続した構成とすることができる。直列および/または並列接続することで容量および電圧を自由に調節することが可能になる。組電池が備えるリチウムイオン二次電池の個数については、電池容量や出力に応じて適宜設定することができる。
本実施形態に係るリチウムイオン二次電池またはその組電池は、車両に用いることができる。本実施形態に係る車両としては、ハイブリッド車、燃料電池車、電気自動車(いずれも四輪車(乗用車、トラック、バス等の商用車、軽自動車等)のほか、二輪車(バイク)や三輪車を含む)が挙げられる。なお、本実施形態に係る車両は自動車に限定されるわけではなく、他の車両、例えば電車等の移動体の各種電源として用いることもできる。
本実施例の電池の作製について説明する。
(正極)
正極活物質としてのリチウムニッケル複合酸化物(LiNi0.80Mn0.15Co0.05O2)、導電補助材としてのカーボンブラック、結着剤としてのポリフッ化ビニリデンを、90:5:5の重量比で計量し、それらをN-メチルピロリドンを用いて混練し、正極スラリーとした。調製した正極スラリーを、集電体としての厚み20μmのアルミニウム箔に塗布し乾燥し、さらにプレスすることで正極を得た。
次にアルミナ(平均粒径1.0μm)と結着剤としてポリフッ化ビニリデン(PVdF)を、90:10の重量比で計量し、それらをN-メチルピロリドンを用いて混練し、絶縁層スラリーとした。
作製した絶縁層スラリーを正極上にダイコーターで塗布し乾燥し、さらにプレスすることで絶縁層がコートされた正極を得た。断面を電子顕微鏡で観察したところ、絶縁層の平均厚みは5μmであった。絶縁層の平均厚みと、絶縁層を構成する各材料の真密度と組成比から算出した絶縁層の空孔率を表1に記す。
炭素材としての人造黒鉛粒子(平均粒径8μm)と、導電補助材としてのカーボンブラック、結着剤としてのスチレン-ブタジエン共重合ゴム:カルボキシメチルセルロースの重量比1対1混合物を、97:1:2の重量比で計量し、それらを蒸留水を用いて混練し、負極スラリーとした。調製した負極スラリーを、集電体としての厚み15μmの銅箔に塗布し乾燥し、さらにプレスすることで負極を得た。
作製した正極および負極を、セパレータを介して重ね合わせて電極積層体を作製した。セパレータには単層のPET不織布を用いた。このPET不織布の、厚みは15μm、空孔率は55%であった。ここで、電極積層体の初回放電容量が100mAhになるように積層数を調整した。次に、正極及び負極それぞれの集電部分を束ねて、アルミニウム端子、ニッケル端子を溶接し、電極素子を作製した。電極素子をラミネートフィルムで外装し、ラミネートフィルム内部に電解液を注入した。
(レート特性)
作製した二次電池を4.2Vまで充電後、1C(=100mA)で2.5Vまで放電し、1C放電容量を計測した。次に、再度4.2Vまで充電後、0.2C(=20mA)で2.5Vまで放電し、0.2C放電容量を計測した。これらの値から、レート特性(=0.2C放電容量/1C放電容量)を算出した。結果を表1に記す。
作製した二次電池を、4.2Vまで充電後、160℃の恒温槽で30分放置したが、電池の破裂や、発煙は無かった。この場合の判定は○、発煙または発火した場合は×と判定する。結果を表2に示す。
作製した二次電池を、1Cで5Vまで充電し4週間放置したのち放電し解体したが、セパレータの正極側には、酸化劣化の兆候を示す変色などの異常は認められなかった。この場合の判定は○、着色などの異常が認められた場合は、×と判定する。結果を表2、3に示す。
絶縁層に用いる材料の比率を、重量比でアルミナ:PVdF=95:5とした以外は、実施例1と同じ条件で絶縁コート正極及び二次電池を作製した。絶縁層の空孔率、及び作製した電池のレート特性の結果を表1に示す。
絶縁層に用いる材料の比率を、重量比でアルミナ:PVdF=93:7とした以外は、実施例1と同じ条件で絶縁コート正極及び二次電池を作製した。絶縁層の空孔率、及び作製した電池のレート特性の結果を表1に示す。
絶縁層に用いる材料の比率を、重量比でアルミナ:PVdF=85:15とした以外は、実施例1と同じ条件で絶縁コート正極及び二次電池を作製した。絶縁層の空孔率、及び作製した電池のレート特性の結果を表1に示す。
絶縁層に用いる材料の比率を、重量比でアルミナ:PVdF=80:20とした以外は、実施例1と同じ条件で絶縁コート正極及び二次電池を作製した。絶縁層の空孔率、及び作製した電池のレート特性の結果を表1に示す。
絶縁層に用いる材料の比率を、重量比でアルミナ:PVdF=75:25とした以外は、実施例1と同じ条件で絶縁コート正極及び二次電池を作製した。絶縁層の空孔率、及び作製した電池のレート特性の結果を表1に示す。
絶縁層に用いる材料の比率を、重量比でアルミナ:PVdF=70:30とした以外は、実施例1と同じ条件で絶縁コート正極及び二次電池を作製した。絶縁層の空孔率、及び作製した電池のレート特性の結果を表1に示す。
絶縁層に用いる材料をアルミナからシリカに変更した以外は、実施例1と同じ条件で二次電池を作製し、評価を行った。結果を表2に示す。
(負極への絶縁層コート)
実施例1と同様の手順で作製した負極上に、作製した絶縁層スラリーをダイコーターで塗布し乾燥し、さらにプレスすることで絶縁層がコートされた負極を得た。断面を電子顕微鏡で観察したところ、絶縁層の平均厚みは7μmであった。
作製した絶縁コート負極を用いたこと以外は、実施例1と同様の手順で二次電池を作製し、高温試験及び過充電試験を行った。結果を表2に示す。
セパレータをPETからポリプロピレン(PP)に変更した以外は、実施例1と同じ条件で二次電池を作製し、評価を行った。結果を表2に示す。
絶縁層コート無しの正極を用いた以外は、実施例7と同じ条件で二次電池を作製し、評価を行った。すなわち、正極は絶縁層コート無し、負極は絶縁層コート有りである。結果を表2に示す。
絶縁層コート無しの正極を用いた以外は、実施例1と同じ条件で二次電池を作製し、評価を行った。すなわち、正負極共に絶縁層コート無しである。結果を表2、3に示す。
セパレータをPETからPPに変更した以外は、比較例3と同じ条件で二次電池を作製し、評価を行った。結果を表2に示す。
正極活物質をLiNi0.80Mn0.15Co0.05O2からLiNi0.60Mn0.20Co0.20O2に変更した以外は、実施例1と同じ条件で二次電池を作製し、過充電評価を行った。結果を表3に示す。
正極活物質をLiNi0.80Mn0.15Co0.05O2からLiNi0.50Mn0.30Co0.20O2に変更した以外は、実施例1と同じ条件で二次電池を作製し、過充電評価を行った。結果を表3に示す。
正極活物質をLiNi0.80Mn0.15Co0.05O2からLiNi0.60Mn0.20Co0.20O2に変更した以外は、比較例3と同じ条件で二次電池を作製し、過充電評価を行った。結果を表3に示す。
正極活物質をLiNi0.80Mn0.15Co0.05O2からLiNi0.50Mn0.30Co0.20O2に変更した以外は、比較例3と同じ条件で二次電池を作製し、過充電評価を行った。結果を表3に示す。
20 電池要素
25 セパレータ
30 正極
40 負極
Claims (8)
- リチウム以外の金属中のニッケル比率が60mol%以上である層状構造のリチウムニッケル複合酸化物を含む正極合剤層と絶縁層とを有する正極、およびポリエチレンテレフタレートを含むセパレータを有し、前記絶縁層が、絶縁性フィラーと、結着剤とを含み、前記絶縁層中の前記絶縁性フィラーの割合が、80重量%以上であり、前記絶縁層中の前記結着剤の割合が、20重量%以下である、リチウムイオン二次電池。
- 前記リチウムニッケル複合酸化物が、下式で表される、請求項1に記載のリチウムイオン二次電池。
LiyNi(1-x)MxO2
(但し、0≦x≦0.4、0<y≦1.2、MはCo、Al、Mn、Fe、Ti及びBからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種の元素である。) - 前記結着剤が、フッ素または塩素を含有するポリオレフィンである、請求項1または2に記載のリチウムイオン二次電池。
- 前記絶縁層の空孔率が、20%以上である、請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載のリチウムイオン二次電池。
- 前記セパレータが、単層ポリエチレンテレフタレートセパレータである、請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載のリチウムイオン二次電池。
- 前記正極合剤層がアルカリ成分を含む、請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載のリチウムイオン二次電池。
- 請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載のリチウムイオン二次電池を搭載した車両。
- 正極と負極とをセパレータを介して積層して電極素子を製造する工程と、
前記電極素子と電解液とを外装体に封入する工程と、
を含み、
前記正極が、リチウム以外の金属中のニッケル比率が60mol%以上である層状構造のリチウムニッケル複合酸化物を含む正極合剤層と絶縁層とを有し、前記絶縁層が、絶縁性フィラーと、結着剤とを含み、前記絶縁層中の前記絶縁性フィラーの割合が、80重量%以上であり、前記絶縁層中の前記結着剤の割合が、20重量%以下であり、
前記セパレータが、ポリエチレンテレフタレートを含むことを特徴とする、リチウムイオン二次電池の製造方法。
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