JP7038371B2 - 多環芳香族化合物 - Google Patents
多環芳香族化合物 Download PDFInfo
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- JP7038371B2 JP7038371B2 JP2017171324A JP2017171324A JP7038371B2 JP 7038371 B2 JP7038371 B2 JP 7038371B2 JP 2017171324 A JP2017171324 A JP 2017171324A JP 2017171324 A JP2017171324 A JP 2017171324A JP 7038371 B2 JP7038371 B2 JP 7038371B2
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- -1 Polycyclic aromatic compounds Chemical class 0.000 title claims description 156
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 205
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 94
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 94
- 230000005525 hole transport Effects 0.000 claims description 55
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 38
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- UORVGPXVDQYIDP-BJUDXGSMSA-N borane Chemical class [10BH3] UORVGPXVDQYIDP-BJUDXGSMSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000004696 coordination complex Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- LISFMEBWQUVKPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N quinolin-2-ol Chemical group C1=CC=C2NC(=O)C=CC2=C1 LISFMEBWQUVKPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- NSMJMUQZRGZMQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-naphthalen-1-yl-1H-imidazo[4,5-f][1,10]phenanthroline Chemical compound C12=CC=CN=C2C2=NC=CC=C2C2=C1NC(C=1C3=CC=CC=C3C=CC=1)=N2 NSMJMUQZRGZMQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000003222 pyridines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001508 alkali metal halide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000008045 alkali metal halides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000272 alkali metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000287 alkaline earth metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000003785 benzimidazolyl group Chemical class N1=C(NC2=C1C=CC=C2)* 0.000 claims 1
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- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 96
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- 0 CC*(C)C(C(C(C)*)=C(*)C1*)=C(C(C2C)c3c(*(C)C*4)c(*)c(*)c(*)c3C)C1(C)*(C)(C)c1c2c4c(*)c(*)c1* Chemical compound CC*(C)C(C(C(C)*)=C(*)C1*)=C(C(C2C)c3c(*(C)C*4)c(*)c(*)c(*)c3C)C1(C)*(C)(C)c1c2c4c(*)c(*)c1* 0.000 description 22
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- ILAHWRKJUDSMFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N boron tribromide Chemical compound BrB(Br)Br ILAHWRKJUDSMFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
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- UBJFKNSINUCEAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;2-methylpropane Chemical compound [Li+].C[C-](C)C UBJFKNSINUCEAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
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- DKHNGUNXLDCATP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipyrazino[2,3-f:2',3'-h]quinoxaline-2,3,6,7,10,11-hexacarbonitrile Chemical compound C12=NC(C#N)=C(C#N)N=C2C2=NC(C#N)=C(C#N)N=C2C2=C1N=C(C#N)C(C#N)=N2 DKHNGUNXLDCATP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
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- UJOBWOGCFQCDNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9H-carbazole Chemical group C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3NC2=C1 UJOBWOGCFQCDNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
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- UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Naphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
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- YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Thiophene Chemical group C=1C=CSC=1 YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
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- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- XJHABGPPCLHLLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzo[de]isoquinoline-1,3-dione Chemical class C1=CC(C(=O)NC2=O)=C3C2=CC=CC3=C1 XJHABGPPCLHLLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- OEMGCAOEZNBNAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N [P].[Li] Chemical compound [P].[Li] OEMGCAOEZNBNAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002835 absorbance Methods 0.000 description 1
- GPWHDDKQSYOYBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ac1l2u0q Chemical compound Br[Br-]Br GPWHDDKQSYOYBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910001615 alkaline earth metal halide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
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- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F5/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 3 or 13 of the Periodic Table
- C07F5/02—Boron compounds
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- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F5/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 3 or 13 of the Periodic Table
- C07F5/02—Boron compounds
- C07F5/027—Organoboranes and organoborohydrides
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/60—Organic compounds having low molecular weight
- H10K85/649—Aromatic compounds comprising a hetero atom
- H10K85/657—Polycyclic condensed heteroaromatic hydrocarbons
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- C07F7/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 4 or 14 of the Periodic Table
- C07F7/02—Silicon compounds
- C07F7/08—Compounds having one or more C—Si linkages
- C07F7/0803—Compounds with Si-C or Si-Si linkages
- C07F7/081—Compounds with Si-C or Si-Si linkages comprising at least one atom selected from the elements N, O, halogen, S, Se or Te
- C07F7/0812—Compounds with Si-C or Si-Si linkages comprising at least one atom selected from the elements N, O, halogen, S, Se or Te comprising a heterocyclic ring
- C07F7/0816—Compounds with Si-C or Si-Si linkages comprising at least one atom selected from the elements N, O, halogen, S, Se or Te comprising a heterocyclic ring said ring comprising Si as a ring atom
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F7/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 4 or 14 of the Periodic Table
- C07F7/22—Tin compounds
- C07F7/2208—Compounds having tin linked only to carbon, hydrogen and/or halogen
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F7/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 4 or 14 of the Periodic Table
- C07F7/22—Tin compounds
- C07F7/2224—Compounds having one or more tin-oxygen linkages
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F7/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 4 or 14 of the Periodic Table
- C07F7/30—Germanium compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
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Description
A環、B環およびC環は、それぞれ独立して、アリール環またはヘテロアリール環であり、これらの環における少なくとも1つの水素は置換されていてもよく、
Y1は、B、P、P=O、P=S、P(-R)2、Al、Ga、As、Si-R、Ge-R、Sn-R、Sb、Sb=O、Sb=S、Sb(-R)2、オルトクロラニルが結合したSb、Bi、Bi=O、Bi=S、Bi(-R)2またはオルトクロラニルが結合したBiであり、前記P(-R)2、Si-R、Ge-R、Sn-R、Sb(-R)2およびBi(-R)2のRは、アリール、アルキル、アルコキシ、アリールオキシまたはハロゲンであり、前記P(-R)2、Sb(-R)2およびBi(-R)2における2つのRは、単結合または縮合により互いに結合して環を形成していてもよく、
X1、X2およびX3は、それぞれ独立して、O、N-R、SまたはSeであり、前記N-RのRは置換されていてもよいアリール、置換されていてもよいヘテロアリール、アルキルまたはシクロアルキルであり、ここで、X1、X2およびX3のうちの少なくとも1つはN-Rであり、また、前記N-RのRは連結基、単結合または縮合により前記A環、B環および/またはC環と結合していてもよく、そして、
式(1)で表される化合物または構造における少なくとも1つの水素はシアノ、ハロゲンまたは重水素で置換されていてもよい。)
A環、B環およびC環における少なくとも1つの水素は、置換または無置換のアリール、置換または無置換のヘテロアリール、置換または無置換のジアリールアミノ、置換または無置換のジヘテロアリールアミノ、置換または無置換のアリールヘテロアリールアミノ、置換または無置換のアルキル、置換または無置換のシクロアルキル、置換または無置換のアルコキシ、置換または無置換のアリールオキシ、置換または無置換のアリールスルホニル、置換または無置換のジアリールホスフィン、置換または無置換のジアリールホスフィンオキシド、または、置換または無置換のジアリールホスフィンスルフィドで置換されていてもよく、
また、A環、B環およびC環はY1、X1、X2およびX3から構成される上記式(1)中央の縮合3環構造と結合を共有する5員環または6員環を有し、
Y1は、B、P、P=O、P=S、P(-R)2、Al、Ga、As、Si-R、Ge-R、Sn-R、Sb、Sb=O、Sb=S、Sb(-R)2、オルトクロラニルが結合したSb、Bi、Bi=O、Bi=S、Bi(-R)2またはオルトクロラニルが結合したBiであり、前記P(-R)2、Si-R、Ge-R、Sn-R、Sb(-R)2およびBi(-R)2のRは、アリール、アルキル、アルコキシ、アリールオキシまたはハロゲンであり、前記P(-R)2、Sb(-R)2およびBi(-R)2における2つのRは、単結合または縮合により互いに結合して環を形成していてもよく、
X1、X2およびX3は、それぞれ独立して、O、N-R、SまたはSeであり、前記N-RのRはアルキルで置換されていてもよいアリール、アルキルで置換されていてもよいヘテロアリール、アルキルまたはシクロアルキルであり、ここで、X1、X2およびX3のうちの少なくとも1つはN-Rであり、また、前記N-RのRは-O-、-S-、-C(-R)2-、>N-R、炭素数6~30のアリーレン、単結合または縮合により前記A環、B環および/またはC環と結合していてもよく、前記-C(-R)2-のRは水素、アルキルまたはアリールであり、前記>N-RのRはアルキルまたはアルキルで置換されていてもよいアリールであり、そして、
式(1)で表される化合物または構造における少なくとも1つの水素はシアノ、ハロゲンまたは重水素で置換されていてもよい、
項1に記載する多環芳香族化合物またはその二量体。
R1~R9は、それぞれ独立して、水素、アリール、ヘテロアリール、ジアリールアミノ、ジヘテロアリールアミノ、アリールヘテロアリールアミノ、アルキル、アルコキシまたはアリールオキシであり、これらにおける少なくとも1つの水素はアリール、ヘテロアリールまたはアルキルで置換されていてもよく、また、R1~R9のうちの隣接する基同士が結合してa環、b環またはc環と共にアリール環またはヘテロアリール環を形成していてもよく、形成された環における少なくとも1つの水素はアリール、ヘテロアリール、ジアリールアミノ、ジヘテロアリールアミノ、アリールヘテロアリールアミノ、アルキル、アルコキシまたはアリールオキシで置換されていてもよく、これらにおける少なくとも1つの水素はアリール、ヘテロアリールまたはアルキルで置換されていてもよく、
Y1は、B、P、P=O、P=S、P(-R)2、Al、Ga、As、Si-R、Ge-R、Sn-R、Sb、Sb=O、Sb=S、Sb(-R)2、オルトクロラニルが結合したSb、Bi、Bi=O、Bi=S、Bi(-R)2またはオルトクロラニルが結合したBiであり、前記P(-R)2、Si-R、Ge-R、Sn-R、Sb(-R)2およびBi(-R)2のRは、炭素数6~12のアリール、炭素数1~6のアルキル、炭素数1~6のアルコキシ、炭素数6~12のアリールオキシまたはハロゲンであり、前記P(-R)2、Sb(-R)2およびBi(-R)2における2つのRは、単結合または縮合により互いに結合して環を形成していてもよく、
X1、X2およびX3は、それぞれ独立して、O、N-R、SまたはSeであり、前記N-RのRは炭素数6~12のアリール、炭素数2~15のヘテロアリール、炭素数1~6のアルキルまたは炭素数3~6のシクロアルキルであり、ここで、X1、X2およびX3のうちの少なくとも2つはN-Rであり、また、前記N-RのRは-O-、-S-、-C(-R)2-、>N-R、炭素数6~12のアリーレン、単結合または縮合により前記a環、b環および/またはc環と結合していてもよく、前記-C(-R)2-のRは炭素数1~6のアルキルまたは炭素数6~12のアリールであり、前記>N-RのRは炭素数1~6のアルキルまたは炭素数1~6のアルキルで置換されていてもよい炭素数6~12のアリールであり、そして、
式(2)で表される化合物における少なくとも1つの水素はシアノ、ハロゲンまたは重水素で置換されていてもよい。)
Y1は、B、P、P=O、P=S、Si-R、Sb、Sb=O、Sb=S、オルトクロラニルが結合したSb、Bi、Bi=O、Bi=Sまたはオルトクロラニルが結合したBiであり、前記Si-RのRは炭素数6~10のアリールまたは炭素数1~4のアルキルであり、
X1、X2およびX3は、それぞれ独立して、O、N-RまたはSであり、前記N-RのRは炭素数6~10のアリールまたは炭素数1~4のアルキルであり、ここで、X1、X2およびX3のうちの少なくとも2つはN-Rであり、そして、
式(2)で表される化合物における少なくとも1つの水素はシアノ、ハロゲンまたは重水素で置換されていてもよい、
項3に記載する多環芳香族化合物。
本願発明は、下記一般式(1)で表される多環芳香族化合物、または下記一般式(1)で表される構造を2つ有する多環芳香族化合物の二量体である。本願発明は、好ましくは、下記一般式(2)で表される多環芳香族化合物、または下記一般式(2)で表される構造を2つ有する多環芳香族化合物の二量体である。
一般式(1)や(2)で表される多環芳香族化合物およびその二量体は、基本的には、まずA環(a環)とB環(b環)およびC環(c環)とを結合基(X1、X2、X3含む基)で結合させることで中間体を製造し(第1反応)、その後に、A環(a環)、B環(b環)およびC環(c環)を結合基(Y1を含む基)で結合させることで最終生成物を製造することができる(第2反応)。第1反応では、例えばエーテル化反応であれば、求核置換反応、ウルマン反応といった一般的反応が利用でき、アミノ化反応で有ればブッフバルト-ハートウィッグ反応といった一般的反応が利用できる。また、第2反応では、タンデムヘテロフリーデルクラフツ反応(連続的な芳香族求電子置換反応、以下同様)が利用できる。なお、以下のスキームにおいてY1、X1、X2、X3、R1~R9およびRの定義は式(1)または式(2)のそれらの定義と同一である。
本発明に係る多環芳香族化合物およびその二量体は、例えば、有機電界発光素子の材料として用いることができる。以下に、本実施形態に係る有機EL素子について図面に基づいて詳細に説明する。図1は、本実施形態に係る有機EL素子を示す概略断面図である。
図1に示された有機電界発光素子100は、基板101と、基板101上に設けられた陽極102と、陽極102の上に設けられた正孔注入層103と、正孔注入層103の上に設けられた正孔輸送層104と、正孔輸送層104の上に設けられた発光層105と、発光層105の上に設けられた電子輸送層106と、電子輸送層106の上に設けられた電子注入層107と、電子注入層107の上に設けられた陰極108とを有する。
基板101は、有機電界発光素子100の支持体であり、通常、石英、ガラス、金属、プラスチックなどが用いられる。基板101は、目的に応じて板状、フィルム状、またはシート状に形成され、例えば、ガラス板、金属板、金属箔、プラスチックフィルム、プラスチックシートなどが用いられる。なかでも、ガラス板、および、ポリエステル、ポリメタクリレート、ポリカーボネート、ポリスルホンなどの透明な合成樹脂製の板が好ましい。ガラス基板であれば、ソーダライムガラスや無アルカリガラスなどが用いられ、また、厚みも機械的強度を保つのに十分な厚みがあればよいので、例えば、0.2mm以上あればよい。厚さの上限値としては、例えば、2mm以下、好ましくは1mm以下である。ガラスの材質については、ガラスからの溶出イオンが少ない方がよいので無アルカリガラスの方が好ましいが、SiO2などのバリアコートを施したソーダライムガラスも市販されているのでこれを使用することができる。また、基板101には、ガスバリア性を高めるために、少なくとも片面に緻密なシリコン酸化膜などのガスバリア膜を設けてもよく、特にガスバリア性が低い合成樹脂製の板、フィルムまたはシートを基板101として用いる場合にはガスバリア膜を設けるのが好ましい。
陽極102は、発光層105へ正孔を注入する役割を果たす。なお、陽極102と発光層105との間に正孔注入層103および/または正孔輸送層104が設けられている場合には、これらを介して発光層105へ正孔を注入することになる。
正孔注入層103は、陽極102から移動してくる正孔を、効率よく発光層105内または正孔輸送層104内に注入する役割を果たす。正孔輸送層104は、陽極102から注入された正孔または陽極102から正孔注入層103を介して注入された正孔を、効率よく発光層105に輸送する役割を果たす。正孔注入層103および正孔輸送層104は、それぞれ、正孔注入・輸送材料の一種または二種以上を積層、混合するか、正孔注入・輸送材料と高分子結着剤の混合物により形成される。また、正孔注入・輸送材料に塩化鉄(III)のような無機塩を添加して層を形成してもよい。
発光層105は、電界を与えられた電極間において、陽極102から注入された正孔と、陰極108から注入された電子とを再結合させることにより発光する層である。発光層105を形成する材料としては、正孔と電子との再結合によって励起されて発光する化合物(発光性化合物)であればよく、安定な薄膜形状を形成することができ、かつ、固体状態で強い発光(蛍光)効率を示す化合物であるのが好ましい。本発明では、発光層用の材料として、上記一般式(1)で表される多環芳香族化合物またはその二量体を用いることができる。
また、特開2003-347056号公報、および特開2001-307884号公報などに記載されたスチルベン構造を有するアミンを用いてもよい。
また、特開平11-97178号公報、特開2000-133457号公報、特開2000-26324号公報、特開2001-267079号公報、特開2001-267078号公報、特開2001-267076号公報、特開2000-34234号公報、特開2001-267075号公報、および特開2001-217077号公報などに記載されたペリレン誘導体を用いてもよい。
また、国際公開第2000/40586号パンフレットなどに記載されたボラン誘導体を用いてもよい。
また、特開2006-156888号公報などに記載された芳香族アミン誘導体を用いてもよい。
また、特開2004-43646号公報、特開2001-76876号公報、および特開平6-298758号公報などに記載されたクマリン誘導体を用いてもよい。
電子注入層107は、陰極108から移動してくる電子を、効率よく発光層105内または電子輸送層106内に注入する役割を果たす。電子輸送層106は、陰極108から注入された電子または陰極108から電子注入層107を介して注入された電子を、効率よく発光層105に輸送する役割を果たす。電子輸送層106および電子注入層107は、それぞれ、電子輸送・注入材料の一種または二種以上を積層、混合するか、電子輸送・注入材料と高分子結着剤の混合物により形成される。
陰極108は、電子注入層107および電子輸送層106を介して、発光層105に電子を注入する役割を果たす。
以上の正孔注入層、正孔輸送層、発光層、電子輸送層および電子注入層に用いられる材料は単独で各層を形成することができるが、高分子結着剤としてポリ塩化ビニル、ポリカーボネート、ポリスチレン、ポリ(N-ビニルカルバゾール)、ポリメチルメタクリレート、ポリブチルメタクリレート、ポリエステル、ポリスルホン、ポリフェニレンオキサイド、ポリブタジエン、炭化水素樹脂、ケトン樹脂、フェノキシ樹脂、ポリアミド、エチルセルロース、酢酸ビニル樹脂、ABS樹脂、ポリウレタン樹脂などの溶剤可溶性樹脂や、フェノール樹脂、キシレン樹脂、石油樹脂、ユリア樹脂、メラミン樹脂、不飽和ポリエステル樹脂、アルキド樹脂、エポキシ樹脂、シリコーン樹脂などの硬化性樹脂などに分散させて用いることも可能である。
有機電界発光素子を構成する各層は、各層を構成すべき材料を蒸着法、抵抗加熱蒸着、電子ビーム蒸着、スパッタリング、分子積層法、印刷法、スピンコート法またはキャスト法、コーティング法などの方法で薄膜とすることにより、形成することができる。このようにして形成された各層の膜厚については特に限定はなく、材料の性質に応じて適宜設定することができるが、通常2nm~5000nmの範囲である。膜厚は通常、水晶発振式膜厚測定装置などで測定できる。蒸着法を用いて薄膜化する場合、その蒸着条件は、材料の種類、膜の目的とする結晶構造および会合構造などにより異なる。蒸着条件は一般的に、ボート加熱温度+50~+400℃、真空度10-6~10-3Pa、蒸着速度0.01~50nm/秒、基板温度-150~+300℃、膜厚2nm~5μmの範囲で適宜設定することが好ましい。
また、本発明は、有機電界発光素子を備えた表示装置または有機電界発光素子を備えた照明装置などにも応用することができる。
有機電界発光素子を備えた表示装置または照明装置は、本実施形態にかかる有機電界発光素子と公知の駆動装置とを接続するなど公知の方法によって製造することができ、直流駆動、パルス駆動、交流駆動など公知の駆動方法を適宜用いて駆動することができる。
本発明に係る多環芳香族化合物およびその二量体は、上述した有機電界発光素子の他に、有機電界効果トランジスタまたは有機薄膜太陽電池などの作製に用いることができる。
(1)基板/ゲート電極/絶縁体層/ソース電極・ドレイン電極/有機半導体活性層
(2)基板/ゲート電極/絶縁体層/有機半導体活性層/ソース電極・ドレイン電極
(3)基板/有機半導体活性層/ソース電極・ドレイン電極/絶縁体層/ゲート電極
(4)基板/ソース電極・ドレイン電極/有機半導体活性層/絶縁体層/ゲート電極
このように構成された有機電界効果トランジスタは、アクティブマトリックス駆動方式の液晶ディスプレイや有機エレクトロルミネッセンスディスプレイの画素駆動スイッチング素子等として適用できる。
1-ブロモ-2,3-ジクロロベンゼン[r-1](22.6g、100mmol)、ナトリウムt-ブトキシド(29.6g、308mmol)、2,2’-ビス(ジフェニルホスフィノ)-1,1’-ビナフチル[BINAP](2.51g、4.0mmol)、ビス(ジベンジリデンアセトン)パラジウム(0)[Pd2(dba)3](1.83g、2.0mmol)およびトルエン(400ml)に窒素雰囲気下、室温でアニリン[r-2](18.5ml、203mmol)を加え、100℃で26時間加熱撹拌を行った。反応液を室温まで冷やし、シリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィーを用いて濾過し、溶媒を減圧留去して粗生成物を得た。その後、トルエンを用いて洗浄することにより、白色固体の2-クロロ-N,N’-ジフェニル-1,3-ベンゼンジアミン[r-3](18.4g、収率63%)を得た。
1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ=6.08(s,2H),6.80(s,2H),6.99(t,1H),7.04(tt,J=1.1,7.3Hz,2H,(CH)2CH(CH2)2),7.18(dd,4H),7.32(dd,4H).
13C-NMR(101MHz,CDCl3):107.1(2C),109.4,120.4(4C),122.5(2C),127.0,129.3(4C),141.1(2C),141.6(2C).
第1段で得た化合物[r-3](7.37g、25mmol)、ナトリウムt-ブトキシド(7.29g、76mmol)、トリt-ブチルホスフィン(0.212g、1.05mmol)、ビス(ジベンジリデンアセトン)パラジウム(0)[Pd2(dba)3](0.465g、0.50mmol)およびトルエン(100ml)に窒素雰囲気下、0℃で1-クロロ-3-ヨードベンゼン[r-4](6.20g、50mmol)を加え、室温で21時間撹拌した。反応液はシリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィー(溶離液:トルエン)を用いて濾過し、溶媒を減圧留去して粗生成物を得た。その後、メタノールを用いて洗浄することにより、白色固体の2-クロロ-N,N’-ビス(3-クロロフェニル)-N,N’-ジフェニル-1,3-ベンゼンジアミン[r-5](12.3g、収率95%)を得た。
1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ=6.67(ddd,2H),6.86-6.90(m,4H),7.03-7.06(m,6H),7.11(t,4H),7.12(d,2H),7.24-7.30(m,5H).
13C-NMR(101MHz,CDCl3):118.9(2C),120.6(2C),121.7(2C),123.1(4C),123.4(2C),128.2(2C),128.6,129.3(4C),130.0(2C),132.1,134.7(2C),145.7(2C),146.1(2C),148.2(2C).
第2段で合成した2-クロロ-N,N’-ビス(3-クロロフェニル)-N,N’-ジフェニル-1,3-ベンゼンジアミン[r-5](10.3g、20mmol)、ナトリウムt-ブトキシド(5.76g、60mmol)、2-ジシクロヘキシルホスフィノ-2’,6’-ジメトキシビフェニル[SPhos](0.329g、0.80mmol)、ビス(ジベンジリデンアセトン)パラジウム(0)[Pd2(dba)3](0.366g、0.40mmol)およびo-キシレン(200ml)に窒素雰囲気下、室温でアニリン[r-2](1.80ml、20mmol)を加え、60℃で3時間加熱撹拌を行った。反応液を室温まで冷やし、シリカゲルを用いて濾過し(溶離液:トルエン)、溶媒を減圧留去した。粗生成物をシリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィー(溶離液:トルエン/ヘキサン=1/4(容量比))で精製することで、白色固体の2-クロロ-N-(3-クロロフェニル)-N,N’-ジフェニル-N’-(3-クロロアミノフェニル)-1,3-ベンゼンジアミン[r-6](5.65g、収率49%)を得た。
1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ=5.63(s,1H),6.53(dd,1H),6.66-6.70(m,2H),6.78(dd,1H),6.84-6.90(m,3H),6.95-7.27(m,18H).
13C-NMR(101MHz,CDCl3):111.2,111.5,114.4,117.6(2C),118.8,120.4,120.9,121.5,122.3(2C),122.4,123.1(2C),123.3,127.9,128.4,128.5,129.1(2C),129.2(2C),129.3(2C),129.3(2C),129.8,129.9,132.4,134.6,142.8,143.8,145.5,146.2,146.3,146.7,148.1,148.2.
窒素雰囲気下、ナトリウムt-ブトキシド(0.589g、6.1mmol)、2-ジシクロヘキシルホスフィノ-2’,6’-ジメトキシビフェニル(0.135g、0.32mmol)、ビス(ジベンジリデンアセトン)パラジウム(0)(0.149g、0.16mmol)およびo-キシレン(400ml)の溶液を140℃に加熱撹拌し、2-クロロ-N-(3-クロロフェニル)-N,N’-ジフェニル-N’-(3-クロロアミノフェニル)-1,3-ベンゼンジアミン(2.29g、4.0mmol)およびo-キシレン(900ml)の溶液を12時間かけてゆっくりと滴下した。その後、反応液を室温まで冷やし、シリカゲルを用いて濾過し(溶離液:トルエン)、溶媒を減圧留去した。粗生成物をシリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィー(溶離液:トルエン/ヘキサン=1/4(容量比))で精製することで、白色固体のN,N’,N”-トリフェニル-1,3,5-トリアザ-22-クロロ-2,4,6(1,3)-トリベンゼナシクロヘキサファン(2.73g、収率71%)を得た。
1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ=6.71(d,2H),6.75(t,2H),6.94-7.08(m,9H),7.12-7.17(m,3H),7.26-7.33(m,10H).
13C-NMR(101MHz,CDCl3):118.1(2C),119.2(2C),119.8(4C),123.3(2C),120.9(2C),121.3,121.6(2C),129.4(2C),128.3,129.2(2C+4C),129.3(2C),132.0,145.4(2C),146.1,148.8(2C),149.0(2C),149.4(2C).
N,N’,N”-トリフェニル-1,3,5-トリアザ-22-クロロ-2,4,6(1,3)-トリベンゼナシクロヘキサファン[化合物(r-7)](0.104mg、0.19mmol)のtert-ブチルベンゼン(4.0ml)溶液に、窒素雰囲気下、-40℃で1.6Mのtert-ブチルリチウムヘキサン溶液(0.125ml、0.20mmol)を加えた。50℃で30分間加熱撹拌した後に反応液を-40℃まで冷却し、三臭化ホウ素(37.5μl、0.40mmol)を加え、30分間撹拌した。その後、N,N-ジイソプロピルアミン(70.0μl、0.41mmol)を加え、165℃で14時間加熱撹拌した。反応液を室温まで冷やし、フロリジルを用いて濾過した(溶離液:ジクロロメタン)。溶媒を減圧留去した後、ジクロロメタンで洗浄することで、白色固体の化合物(1-1)(45.6mg、収率45%)を得た。
1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ=6.01(d,6H),7.23(t,3H),7.44(d,6H),7.60(t,3H),7.71(t,6H).
13C-NMR(101MHz,CDCl3):105.8(6C),128.9(3C),130.7(6C),131.4(6C),132.8(3C),142.0(3C),147.9(6C).
なお、ホウ素原子のα位に位置する炭素原子はNMR測定では観測されなかった。
1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ=6.21(dd,6H),7.00(t,3H),7.49-7.56(m,9H),7.64(t,6H).
13C-NMR(101MHz,CDCl3):102.2(d,3C),110.1(d,6C),128.8(3C),130.5(6C),132.8(9C),140.4(3C),145.1(6C).
1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ=6.21(dd,6H),7.06(t,3H),7.61(t,1H),7.62(dd,2H),8.21(ddd,2H).
13C-NMR(101MHz,CDCl3):103.7(d,3C),109.5(d,6C),128.8(3C),130.6(6C),130.7(6C),131.6(3C),140.3(3C),146.0(6C).
N,N’,N”-トリフェニル-8,12-ジヒドロ-4H-4,8,12-トリアザ-12c-ホスファジベンゾ[cd,mn]ピレン
1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ=6.01(dd,6H),7.23(t,3H),7.44-7.50(m,9H),7.59(t,6H).
13C-NMR(101MHz,CDCl3):104.5(d,3C),110.0(d,6C),127.8(3C),128.1(3C),130.2(6C),131.1(6C),141.4(3C),145.0(6C).
1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ=6.28(d,8H),6.90(t,3H),7.45(t,9H),7.58(t,6H).
13C-NMR(101MHz,CDCl3):-5.06,108.9(3C),111.1(6C),127.5(3C),129.0(3C),129.9(6C),130.6(6C),142.6(3C),151.5(6C).
1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ=7.03(t,3H),7.12(dd,6H),7.17-7.21(m,3H),7.25-7.36(m,12H).
13C-NMR(101MHz,CDCl3):-6.16,119.3(6C),121.6(3C),121.9(6C),129.2(9C),132.0(3C),146.0(6C),151.0(3C).
1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ=6.80(t,3H),7.00(t,2H),7.12-7.14(m,7H),7.20-7.27(m,9H),7.34-7.40(q,6H).
13C-NMR(101MHz,CDCl3):114.4(6C),118.4(3C),126.9(6C),128.7(2C),129.1(6C),129.8,130.7,137.0(3C),136.9(2C),147.9(3C),149.1(3C),153.3(6C).
1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ=6.89(t,3H),7.26-7.32(m,15H),7.45(d,6H).
13C-NMR(101MHz,CDCl3):113.8(6C),119.2(3C),125.2(6C),129.2(6C),129.5(3C),144.6(3C),145.5(6C),147.1(6C).
1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ=6.82(t,3H),7.23-7.32(m,15H),7.59(d,6H).
13C-NMR(101MHz,CDCl3):113.5(6C),118.7(3C),125.9(6C),129.1(6C),129.5(3C),146.0(3C),147.0(6C),153.3(3C).
1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ=7.29-7.38(m,15H),7.51(d,6H).
13C-NMR(101MHz,CDCl3):116.0(6C),116.9(2C),120.8(3C+2C),126.7(6C),129.7(6C),131.8(3C),140.7(3C),140.7(3C),143.8(2C),145.7(2C),150.5(6C).
サンプルの準備
評価対象の化合物の吸収特性と発光特性(蛍光と燐光)を評価する場合、評価対象の化合物を溶媒に溶解して溶媒中で評価する場合と薄膜状態で評価する場合がある。さらに、薄膜状態で評価する場合は、評価対象の化合物の有機EL素子における使用の態様に応じて、評価対象の化合物のみを薄膜化し評価する場合と評価対象の化合物を適切なマトリックス材料中に分散して薄膜化して評価する場合がある。マトリックス材料としては、市販のPMMA(ポリメチルメタクリレート)等を用いることができる。PMMAに分散した薄膜サンプルは、例えば、PMMAと評価対象の化合物をトルエン中で溶解させた後、スピンコーティング法により石英製の透明支持基板(10mm×10mm)上に薄膜を形成して作製することができる。また、マトリックス材料がホスト材料である場合の薄膜サンプルの作製方法を以下に記す。石英製の透明支持基板(10mm×10mm×1.0mm)を市販の蒸着装置(昭和真空(株)製)の基板ホルダーに固定し、ホスト材料を入れたモリブデン製蒸着用ボート、ドーパント材料を入れたモリブデン製蒸着用ボートを装着する。次に、真空槽を5×10-4Paまで減圧し、ホスト材料が入った蒸着用ボートとドーパント材料が入った蒸着用ボートを同時に加熱して適切な膜厚になるように蒸着してホスト材料とドーパント材料の混合薄膜を形成する。ホスト材料とドーパント材料の設定重量比に応じて蒸着速度を制御する。
前記サンプルの吸収スペクトルの測定は、紫外可視近赤外分光光度計((株)島津製作所製、UV-2600)を用いて行った。また、前記サンプルの蛍光スペクトルまたは燐光スペクトルの測定は、分光蛍光光度計(日立ハイテク(株)製、F-7000)を用いて行った。蛍光スペクトルの測定に対しては、室温で適切な励起波長で励起しフォトルミネッセンスを測定した。燐光スペクトルの測定に対しては、付属の冷却ユニットを使用して、前記サンプルを液体窒素に浸した状態(温度77K)で測定した。燐光スペクトルを観測するため、光学チョッパを使用して励起光照射から測定開始までの遅れ時間を調整した。サンプルは適切な励起波長で励起しフォトルミネッセンスを測定した。
蛍光寿命測定装置(浜松ホトニクス(株)製、C11367-01)を用いて300Kで蛍光寿命を測定する。適切な励起波長で測定される極大発光波長において蛍光寿命の早い成分と遅い成分を観測する。蛍光を発光する一般的な有機EL材料の室温における蛍光寿命測定では、熱による3重項成分の失活により、燐光に由来する3重項成分が関与する遅い成分が観測されることはほとんどない。評価対象の化合物において遅い成分が観測された場合は、励起寿命の長い3重項エネルギーが熱活性化により1重項エネルギーに移動して遅延蛍光として観測されたことを示すことになる。
本発明の化合物は、適切なバンドギャップ(Eg)、高い三重項励起エネルギー(ET)および小さいΔEST(三重項励起状態(T1)と一重項励起状態(S1)のエネルギー差)を特徴として有しているため、特に発光層および電荷輸送層への適用が期待できる。
本発明の化合物を用いた有機EL素子の構成として、例えば、以下の構成Aと構成Bがある。
各層のリファレンスとなる構成材料の一例を下記表1に示す。本構成における正孔輸送層材料、電子阻止層材料、発光層のホスト材料、発光層のドーパント材料または電子輸送層材料の少なくとも一つを本発明の化合物に代替することによって更なる特性改善が期待できる。なお、各層の膜厚や構成材料は本発明の化合物の基礎物性によって適宜変更することができる。
各層のリファレンスとなる構成材料の一例を下記表2に示す。本構成における正孔輸送層1の材料、正孔輸送層2の材料、発光層のホスト材料、発光層のドーパント材料または電子輸送層材料の少なくとも一つを本発明の化合物に代替することによって更なる特性改善が期待できる。なお、各層の膜厚や構成材料は本発明の化合物の基礎物性によって適宜変更することができる。
素子構成Aの作製方法を以下に記述する。スパッタリングにより100nmの厚さに製膜したITOを50nmまで研磨した、26mm×28mm×0.7mmのガラス基板((株)オプトサイエンス製)を透明支持基板とした。この透明支持基板を市販の蒸着装置(昭和真空(株)製)の基板ホルダーに固定し、HI(正孔注入層材料)、HT(正孔輸送層材料)、EB(電子阻止層材料)、EM-H(ホスト材料)、Firpic(ドーパント材料)、ET(電子輸送層材料)およびLiF(電子注入層材料)をそれぞれ入れたモリブデン製蒸着用ボート、およびアルミニウムを入れたタングステン製蒸着用ボートを装着した。
評価項目としては、駆動電圧(V)、発光波長(nm)、CIE色度(x,y)、外部量子効率(%)、発光スペクトルの最大波長(nm)および半値幅(nm)等がある。これらの評価項目は、例えば10cd/m2発光時の値を用いることができる。
<基礎物性の評価>
[吸収特性]
化合物(1-1)を2.0×10-5mol/lの濃度で溶媒CH2Cl2に溶解し吸収スペクトルの測定を行った。結果、吸収端波長は400nm、吸収極大波長は384nm、吸収極大波長におけるモル吸光度係数は32164cm-1M-1となった(図2)。また、前記吸収端波長から算出したエネルギーギャップは3.10eVであった。
蛍光スペクトルの測定は、化合物(1-1)を2.0×10-5mol/lの濃度で溶媒CH2Cl2に溶解し室温にて測定した。サンプルを励起波長340nmで励起しフォトルミネッセンスを測定した結果、極大発光波長は403nmであった(図2)。
燐光スペクトルの測定は、化合物(1-1)を3-メチルペンタンに溶解して実施した。サンプルを励起波長340nmで励起しフォトルミネッセンスを測定した結果、極大発光波長は415nmであった(図2)。
測定した蛍光スペクトルと燐光スペクトルの極大発光波長から、最低一重項励起エネルギー(3.08eV)と最低三重項励起エネルギー(2.99eV)の差ΔESTを見積もると、0.09eVであった。
前記素子構成Aまたは素子構成Bにおいて化合物(1-1)を発光層のホストとした有機EL素子を前記手順で作製し評価することができる。
実施例1および2に係る有機EL素子を作製し、1000cd/m2の輝度が得られる電流密度で駆動した際の外部量子効率を測定した。作製した有機EL素子における、各層の材料構成を下記表3に示す。
<化合物(1-1)を発光層のホスト材料に用いた素子>
スパッタリングにより製膜したITOを50nmまで研磨した、26mm×28mm×0.7mmのガラス基板((株)オプトサイエンス)を透明支持基板とした。この透明支持基板を市販の蒸着装置((株)長州産業)の基板ホルダーに固定し、HAT-CN、TBB、TcTa、本発明の化合物(1-1)、Ir(PPy)3、TPBiおよびLiFをそれぞれ入れたタンタル製蒸着用ルツボ、およびアルミニウムを入れた窒化アルミニウム製蒸着用ルツボを装着した。
<化合物(1-241)を発光層のホスト材料に用いた素子>
発光層のホスト材料である化合物(1-1)を化合物(1-241)に替えた以外は実施例1に準じた方法で有機EL素子を得た。両電極に直流電圧を印加すると、約514nmにピークトップを有する緑色発光が得られた。輝度1000cd/m2における外部量子効率は8.3%だった。
<化合物(1-1)を正孔輸送層2に用いた素子>
スパッタリングにより製膜したITOを50nmまで研磨した、26mm×28mm×0.7mmのガラス基板((株)オプトサイエンス)を透明支持基板とした。この透明支持基板を市販の蒸着装置((株)長州産業)の基板ホルダーに固定し、HAT-CN、TBB、本発明の化合物(1-1)、DOBNA、Ir(PPy)3、TPBiおよびLiFをそれぞれ入れたタンタル製蒸着用ルツボ、およびアルミニウムを入れた窒化アルミニウム製蒸着用ルツボを装着した。
<化合物(1-241)を正孔輸送層2に用いた素子>
正孔輸送層2の材料である化合物(1-1)を化合物(1-241)に替えた以外は実施例3に準じた方法で有機EL素子を得た。両電極に直流電圧を印加すると、約514nmにピークトップを有する緑色発光が得られた。輝度1000cd/m2における外部量子効率は20.2%だった。
<TcTaを正孔輸送層2に用いた素子>
正孔輸送層2の材料である化合物(1-1)をTcTaに替えた以外は実施例3に準じた方法で有機EL素子を得た。両電極に直流電圧を印加すると、約514nmにピークトップを有する緑色発光が得られた。輝度1000cd/m2における外部量子効率は19.0%だった。
<正孔輸送層2を用いない素子>
正孔輸送層1の膜厚を65nmから75nmに変え、正孔輸送層2を蒸着しなかった(10nmから0nmへ変えた)以外は実施例3に準じた方法で有機EL素子を得た。両電極に直流電圧を印加すると、約514nmにピークトップを有する緑色発光が得られた。輝度1000cd/m2における外部量子効率は11.8%だった。
<化合物(1-1)を発光層のホスト材料に用いた素子>
スパッタリングにより製膜したITOを50nmまで研磨した、26mm×28mm×0.7mmのガラス基板((株)オプトサイエンス)を透明支持基板とした。この透明支持基板を市販の蒸着装置((株)長州産業)の基板ホルダーに固定し、HAT-CN、TBB、TcTa、本発明の化合物(1-1)、Firpic、TPBiおよびLiFをそれぞれ入れたタンタル製蒸着用ルツボ、およびアルミニウムを入れた窒化アルミニウム製蒸着用ルツボを装着した。
<化合物(1-241)を発光層のホスト材料に用いた素子>
発光層のホスト材料である化合物(1-1)を化合物(1-241)に替えた以外は実施例5に準じた方法で有機EL素子を得た。両電極に直流電圧を印加すると、約471nmにピークトップを有する青色発光が得られた。輝度100cd/m2における外部量子効率は17.3%だった。
101 基板
102 陽極
103 正孔注入層
104 正孔輸送層
105 発光層
106 電子輸送層
107 電子注入層
108 陰極
Claims (12)
- 請求項1に記載する多環芳香族化合物を含有する、有機電界発光素子用材料。
- 発光層用材料である、請求項2に記載する有機電界発光素子用材料。
- 電子注入層用材料または電子輸送層用材料である、請求項2に記載する有機電界発光素子用材料。
- 正孔注入層用材料または正孔輸送層用材料である、請求項2に記載する有機電界発光素子用材料。
- 陽極および陰極からなる一対の電極と、該一対の電極間に配置され、請求項3に記載する発光層用材料を含有する発光層とを有する、有機電界発光素子。
- 陽極および陰極からなる一対の電極と、該一対の電極間に配置された発光層と、前記陰極および前記発光層の間に配置され、請求項4に記載する電子注入層用材料および/または電子輸送層用材料を含有する電子注入層および/または電子輸送層とを有する、有機電界発光素子。
- 陽極および陰極からなる一対の電極と、該一対の電極間に配置された発光層と、前記陽極および前記発光層の間に配置され、請求項5に記載する正孔注入層用材料および/または正孔輸送層用材料を含有する正孔注入層および/または正孔輸送層とを有する、有機電界発光素子。
- さらに、前記陰極と該発光層との間に配置される電子輸送層および/または電子注入層を有し、該電子輸送層および電子注入層の少なくとも1つは、キノリノール系金属錯体、ピリジン誘導体、フェナントロリン誘導体、ボラン誘導体、およびベンゾイミダゾール誘導体からなる群から選択される少なくとも1つを含有する、請求項6~8のいずれかに記載する有機電界発光素子。
- 前記電子輸送層および/または電子注入層が、さらに、アルカリ金属、アルカリ土類金属、希土類金属、アルカリ金属の酸化物、アルカリ金属のハロゲン化物、アルカリ土類金属の酸化物、アルカリ土類金属のハロゲン化物、希土類金属の酸化物、希土類金属のハロゲン化物、アルカリ金属の有機錯体、アルカリ土類金属の有機錯体、および希土類金属の有機錯体からなる群から選択される少なくとも1つを含有する、請求項9に記載の有機電界発光素子。
- 請求項6~10のいずれかに記載する有機電界発光素子を備えた表示装置。
- 請求項6~10のいずれかに記載する有機電界発光素子を備えた照明装置。
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JP7190720B2 (ja) | 2016-09-07 | 2022-12-16 | 学校法人関西学院 | 多環芳香族化合物 |
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