JP7029070B2 - レジスト下層膜形成用組成物、レジスト下層膜及びその形成方法並びにパターニングされた基板の製造方法 - Google Patents
レジスト下層膜形成用組成物、レジスト下層膜及びその形成方法並びにパターニングされた基板の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP7029070B2 JP7029070B2 JP2018546392A JP2018546392A JP7029070B2 JP 7029070 B2 JP7029070 B2 JP 7029070B2 JP 2018546392 A JP2018546392 A JP 2018546392A JP 2018546392 A JP2018546392 A JP 2018546392A JP 7029070 B2 JP7029070 B2 JP 7029070B2
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Description
当該レジスト下層膜形成用組成物は、[A]化合物と[B]溶媒とを含有する。当該レジスト下層膜形成用組成物は、好適成分として、酸発生剤(以下、「[C]酸発生剤」ともいう)及び/又は架橋剤(以下、「[D]架橋剤」ともいう)を含有していてもよく、本発明の効果を損なわない範囲において、その他の任意成分を含有していてもよい。以下各成分について説明する。
[A]化合物は、下記式(1)で表される基(以下、「基(I)」ともいう)を有する化合物である。[A]化合物は、基(I)を1つ有していてもよく、2つ以上有していてもよい。[A]化合物は1種又は2種以上を用いることができる。
エタン、プロパン、ブタン等のアルカン;
エテン、プロペン、ブテン等のアルケン;
エチン、プロピン、ブチン等のアルキンなどの炭素数1~10の鎖状炭化水素、
シクロペンタン、シクロヘキサン等のシクロアルカン;
ノルボルナン、アダマンタン、トリシクロデカン等の橋かけ環飽和炭化水素などの脂環式飽和炭化水素;
シクロペンテン、シクロヘキセン等のシクロアルケン;
ノルボルネン、トリシクロデセン等の橋かけ環不飽和炭化水素などの脂環式不飽和炭化水素などの炭素数3~10の脂環式炭化水素;
ベンゼン、トルエン、キシレン、ナフタレン等のアレーンなどの炭素数6~10の芳香族炭化水素などの炭化水素から(m+n)個の水素原子を除いた基等が挙げられる。
芳香環含有化合物(I)は、基(I)及び芳香環を有し、分子量が300以上3,000以下の化合物である。芳香環含有化合物(I)が分子量分布を有する場合、芳香環含有化合物(I)の分子量は、例えばゲルパーミエーションクロマトグラフィー(GPC)によるポリスチレン換算重量平均分子量(Mw)である。
樹脂(I)は、基(I)を有する樹脂である。樹脂(I)としては、主鎖に芳香環を有する樹脂、主鎖に芳香環を有さず側鎖に芳香環を有する樹脂等が挙げられる。ここで、「主鎖」とは、[A]化合物における原子により構成される鎖のうち最も長いものをいう。「側鎖」とは、[A]化合物における原子により構成される鎖のうち最も長いもの以外をいう。樹脂(I)は、通常、基(I)を複数個有する化合物である。
上記式(p-2)中、Z2は、mが1であり、R1が上記式(1-1)である場合の基(I)である。
[B]溶媒は、[A]重合体及び必要に応じて含有する任意成分を溶解又は分散することができれば特に限定されない。
[C]酸発生剤は、熱や光の作用により酸を発生し、[A]化合物の架橋を促進する成分である。当該レジスト下層膜形成用組成物が[C]酸発生剤を含有することで[A]化合物の架橋反応が促進され、形成される膜の硬度をより高めることができる。[C]酸発生剤は、1種単独で又は2種以上を組み合わせて用いることができる。
[D]架橋剤は、熱や酸の作用により、当該レジスト下層膜形成用組成物中の[A]化合物等の成分同士の架橋結合を形成するか、又は自らが架橋構造を形成する成分である。当該レジスト下層膜形成用組成物が[D]架橋剤を含有することで、形成される膜の硬度を高めることができる。[D]架橋剤は、1種単独で又は2種以上を組み合わせて用いることができる。
式(11-1)で表される化合物:
Guo,Qun-Sheng;Lu,Yong-Na;Liu,Bing;Xiao,Jian;Li,Jin-Shan Journal of Organometallic Chemistry,2006,vol.691,#6 p.1282-1287
式(11-2)で表される化合物:
Badar,Y.et al. Journal of the Chemical Society,1965,p.1412-1418
式(11-3)で表される化合物:
Hsieh,Jen-Chieh;Cheng,Chien-Hong Chemical Communications(Cambridge,United Kingdom),2008,#26 p.2992-2994
式(11-4)で表される化合物:
特開平5-238990号公報
式(11-5)で表される化合物:
Bacon,R.G.R.;Bankhead,R. Journal of the Chemical Society,1963,p.839-845
式(11-6)、(11-8)、(11-11)及び(11-12)で表される化合物:
Macromolecules 2010,vol43,p2832-2839
式(11-7)、(11-9)及び(11-10)で表される化合物:
Polymer Journal 2008,vol.40,No.7,p645-650、及びJournal of Polymer Science:Part A,Polymer Chemistry,Vol 46,p4949-4958
その他の任意成分として、例えば界面活性剤等が挙げられる。
当該レジスト下層膜形成用組成物は、界面活性剤を含有することで塗工性を向上させることができ、その結果、形成される膜の塗工面均一性が向上し、かつ塗工斑の発生を抑制することができる。界面活性剤は、1種単独で又は2種以上を組み合わせて用いることができる。
当該レジスト下層膜形成用組成物は、[A]化合物、[B]溶媒、必要に応じて、[C]酸発生剤、[D]架橋剤及びその他の任意成分を所定の割合で混合し、好ましくは得られた混合物を0.1μm程度のメンブランフィルター等でろ過することにより調製できる。当該レジスト下層膜形成用組成物の固形分濃度の下限としては、0.1質量%が好ましく、1質量%がより好ましく、3質量%がさらに好ましく、5質量%が特に好ましい。上記固形分濃度の上限としては、50質量%が好ましく、30質量%がより好ましく、20質量%がさらに好ましく、15質量%が特に好ましい。
本発明のレジスト下層膜は、当該レジスト下層膜形成用組成物から形成される。当該レジスト下層膜は、上述の特性を有する当該レジスト下層膜形成用組成物から形成されるので、エッチング耐性、平坦性及び耐熱性に優れている。
当該レジスト下層膜の形成方法は、当該レジスト下層膜形成用組成物を基板の一方の面側に塗工する工程(以下、「塗工工程」ともいう)と、上記塗工工程により得られる塗工膜を加熱する工程(以下、「加熱工程」ともいう)とを備える。当該レジスト下層膜の形成方法によれば、上述の特性を有するレジスト下層膜形成用組成物を用いるので、エッチング耐性、平坦性及び耐熱性に優れるレジスト下層膜を形成することができる。
本工程では、当該レジスト下層膜形成用組成物を基板の一方の面側に塗工する。
本工程では、上記塗工工程により得られる塗工膜を加熱する。これにより、レジスト下層膜が形成される。
本発明のパターニングされた基板の製造方法は、当該レジスト下層膜の形成方法により得られるレジスト下層膜の上記基板とは反対の面側にレジストパターンを形成する工程(以下、「レジストパターン形成工程」ともいう)と、上記レジストパターンをマスクとしたエッチングを行う工程(以下、「エッチング工程」ともいう)とを備える。
本工程では、上記レジスト下層膜の基板とは反対の面側に中間層を形成する。この中間層は、レジストパターン形成において、レジスト下層膜及び/又はレジスト膜が有する機能をさらに補ったり、これらが有していない機能を与えたりするために上記機能が付与された層のことである。例えば反射防止膜を中間層として形成した場合、レジスト下層膜の反射防止機能をさらに補うことができる。
本工程では上記レジスト下層膜の基板とは反対の面側にレジストパターンを形成する。上記中間層形成工程を行った場合は、中間層の基板とは反対の面側にレジストパターンを形成する。この工程を行う方法としては、例えばレジスト組成物を用いる方法等が挙げられる。
本工程では、上記レジストパターンをマスクとしたエッチングを行う。これにより、基板にパターンが形成される。エッチングの回数としては1回でも、複数回、すなわちエッチングにより得られるパターンをマスクとして順次エッチングを行ってもよいが、より良好な形状のパターンを得る観点からは、複数回が好ましい。複数回のエッチングを行う場合、上記中間層を有さない場合はレジスト下層膜、基板の順に順次エッチングし、上記中間層を有する場合は中間層、レジスト下層膜、基板の順に順次エッチングを行う。エッチングの方法としては、ドライエッチング、ウエットエッチング等が挙げられる。これらの中で、基板のパターンの形状をより良好なものとする観点から、ドライエッチングが好ましい。このドライエッチングには、例えば酸素プラズマ等のガスプラズマ等が用いられる。上記エッチングの後、所定のパターンを有するパターニングされた基板が得られる。
当該化合物は、上記基(I)を有する化合物である。当該化合物は、上述の性質を有するので、当該レジスト下層膜形成用組成物の成分として好適に用いることができる。当該化合物は、当該レジスト下層膜形成用組成物の項で[A]化合物として説明している。
[A]化合物が樹脂である場合のMw及びMnは、東ソー社のGPCカラム(「G2000HXL」2本及び「G3000HXL」1本)を用い、流量:1.0mL/分、溶出溶媒:テトラヒドロフラン、カラム温度:40℃の分析条件で、単分散ポリスチレンを標準とするゲルパーミエーションクロマトグラフィー(検出器:示差屈折計)により測定した。
膜の平均厚みは、分光エリプソメータ(J.A.WOOLLAM社の「M2000D」)を用いて測定した。
下記式(A-1)~(A-10)で表される化合物を以下に示す手順により合成した。なお、表1に記載の[A]化合物の酸素原子含有量は、化合物の構造から算出した値である。
温度計、コンデンサー及びマグネチックスターラーを備えた500mL3口フラスコに、窒素雰囲気下、アセナフテンキノン23.63g、ビフェニル20.0g及びジクロロメタン130gを仕込み、溶解させた。次いで、トリフルオロ酢酸17.75g及びトリフルオロメタンスルホン酸23.36gを加え、20℃で12時間攪拌して重合した。その後、重合反応液を多量のメタノール中に投入し、沈殿した樹脂をろ過後、60℃で一晩減圧乾燥し、下記式(B-1)で表される樹脂を得た。次に、温度計、コンデンサー及びマグネチックスターラーを備えた500mL3口フラスコに、窒素雰囲気下、樹脂(B-1)40g及びテトラヒドロフラン120gを仕込み、室温にて溶解させた。0℃に冷却後、アリル塩化マグネシウムのテトラヒドロフラン溶液(1M)155gを0.5時間かけて滴下した。滴下終了後、60℃に加温して3時間反応させた。反応終了後、反応液に多量の水に加えた後、メチルイソブチルケトン120gを加えて抽出を行った。得られた有機層を、水洗を2回実施した後、600gのヘキサンに投入し再沈澱を行った。得られた沈澱物をろ取した後、60℃で一晩減圧乾燥することで、上記化合物(A-1)を得た(収率78%)。化合物(A-1)のMwは、1,500であった。
温度計、コンデンサー及びマグネチックスターラーを備えた500mL3口フラスコに、窒素雰囲気下、下記式(B-2)で表される化合物15g及びテトラヒドロフラン120gを仕込み、室温にて溶解させた。0℃に冷却後、アリル塩化マグネシウムのテトラヒドロフラン溶液(1M)155gを0.5時間かけて滴下した。滴下終了後、60℃に加温して3時間反応させた。反応終了後、反応液に多量の水に加えた後、メチルイソブチルケトン120gを加えて抽出を行った。得られた有機層を、水洗を2回実施した後、600gのヘキサンに投入し再沈澱を行った。得られた沈澱物をろ取した後、60℃で一晩減圧乾燥することで、上記化合物(A-2)を得た(収率80%)。
実施例1-2において、化合物(B-2)の代わりに下記式(B-3)で表される化合物を用いた以外は、実施例1-2と同様にして上記化合物(A-3)を合成した。
温度計、コンデンサー及びマグネチックスターラーを備えた500mL3口フラスコに、窒素雰囲気下、下記式(B-4)で表される化合物40g及びテトラヒドロフラン120gを仕込み、室温にて溶解させた。0℃に冷却後、アリル塩化マグネシウムのテトラヒドロフラン溶液(1M)155gを0.5時間かけて滴下した。滴下終了後、60℃に加温して3時間反応させた。反応終了後、反応液に多量の水に加えた後、メチルイソブチルケトン120gを加えて抽出を行った。得られた有機層を、水洗を2回実施した後、600gのヘキサンに投入し再沈澱を行った。得られた沈澱物をろ取した後、60℃で一晩減圧乾燥することで、上記化合物(A-4)を得た。
実施例1-2において、化合物(B-2)の代わりに下記式(B-5)で表される化合物を用いた以外は、実施例1-2と同様にして上記化合物(A-5)を合成した。
実施例1-4において、化合物(B-4)の代わりに下記式(B-6)で表される化合物を用いた以外は、実施例1-4と同様にして、上記化合物(A-6)を合成した。
温度計、コンデンサー及びマグネチックスターラーを備えた500mL3口フラスコに、窒素雰囲気下、上記化合物(A-4)40g及びテトラヒドロフラン200gを仕込み、室温にて溶解させた。0℃に冷却後、水素化ナトリウムのオイルディスパージョン(60質量%)15gを加え、1時間反応させた。ヨウ化メチル46gを加えた後、0℃で1時間反応させた。反応終了後、反応液に多量の水に加えた後、メチルイソブチルケトン120gを加えて抽出を行った。得られた有機層を、水洗を2回実施した後、600gのヘキサンに投入し再沈澱を行った。得られた沈澱物をろ取した後、60℃で一晩減圧乾燥することで、上記化合物(A-7)を得た(収率84%)。
温度計、コンデンサー及びマグネチックスターラーを備えた500mL3口フラスコに、窒素雰囲気下、n-ブチルリチウムのシクロヘキサン溶液(2.3M)190gを加え、-78℃に冷却した。これにテトラメチルエチレンジアミン18gを加えた後、臭化プロパルギル36gを滴下し20分撹拌した。この溶液に対し、下記式(B-4)で表される化合物40gのテトラヒドロフラン40g溶液を滴下し、2時間かけて室温まで昇温させた。反応終了後、反応液に多量の水に加えた後、メチルイソブチルケトン120gを加えて抽出を行った。得られた有機層を、水洗を2回実施した後、600gのヘキサンに投入し再沈澱を行った。得られた沈澱物をろ取した後、60℃で一晩減圧乾燥することで、上記化合物(A-8)を得た(収率83%)。
温度計、コンデンサー及びマグネチックスターラーを備えた5,000mL3口フラスコに、窒素雰囲気下、0.2molの1-ホルミルアセナフチレンと0.6molのノルボルネンとを反応器に投入し、1-ホルミルアセナフチレン及びノルボルネンの合計質量の3倍質量の1,2-ジクロロエタンに溶かした後、30分間撹拌した。0.01molのAIBNを徐々に投入して70℃で12時間程度反応させ、下記式(B-7)で表される樹脂を中間体として得た。その後、0.07molのアリルマグネシウムブロミドを徐々に加えた。常温を維持したまま3時間反応を行った後、300mLの蒸留水を加えて反応を終結させた。有機層を十分な水で水洗した後、有機層のみを別に分離して無水硫酸マグネシウムで少量の水分を除去した。固体をろ別した後、得られた溶液から減圧下で溶媒を除去し、上記化合物(A-9)を得た。化合物(A-9)のMwは、4,300であった。
温度計、コンデンサー及びマグネチックスターラーを備えた500mL3口フラスコに、窒素雰囲気下、1-ホルミルアセナフチレン36g(200mmol)及び1-ホルミルアセナフチレンの3倍質量の1,2-ジクロロエタンを仕込み、溶解させた後、30分間撹拌した。20mmolのAIBNを徐々に投入して70℃で12時間程度反応させた。反応終了後、反応液に多量の水に加え抽出を行った。得られた有機層を、水洗を2回実施した後、600gのヘキサンに投入し再沈澱を行った。得られた沈澱物をろ取した後、60℃で一晩減圧乾燥することで、下記式(B-8)で表される樹脂を得た。
次に、温度計、コンデンサー及びマグネチックスターラーを備えた500mL3口フラスコに、窒素雰囲気下、樹脂(B-8)15g及びテトラヒドロフラン120gを仕込み、室温にて溶解させた。0℃に冷却後、アリル塩化マグネシウムのテトラヒドロフラン溶液(1M)155gを0.5時間かけて滴下した。滴下終了後、60℃に加温して3時間反応させた。反応終了後、反応液に多量の水に加えた後、メチルイソブチルケトン120gを加えて抽出を行った。得られた有機層を、水洗を2回実施した後、600gのヘキサンに投入し再沈澱を行った。得られた沈澱物をろ取した後、60℃で一晩減圧乾燥することで、上記化合物(A-10)を得た。化合物(A-10)のMwは、1,500であった。
温度計、コンデンサー及びマグネチックスターラーを備えた500mL3口フラスコに、窒素雰囲気下、m-クレゾール250g、37質量%ホルマリン125g及び無水シュウ酸2gを加え、100℃で3時間、180℃で1時間反応させた後、減圧下にて未反応モノマーを除去し、下記式(a-1)で表される樹脂を得た。得られた樹脂(a-1)のMwは11,000、Mw/Mnは8.4であった。
レジスト下層膜形成用組成物の調製に用いた[B]溶媒、[C]酸発生剤及び[D]架橋剤について以下に示す。
B-1:酢酸プロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテル
C-1:ビス(4-t-ブチルフェニル)ヨードニウムノナフルオロ-n-ブタンスルホネート(下記式(C-1)で表される化合物)
D-1:1,3,4,6-テトラキス(メトキシメチル)グリコールウリル(下記式(D-1)で表される化合物)
[A]化合物としての(A-1)10質量部及び[C]酸発生剤としての(C-1)0.5質量部を[B]溶媒としての(B-1)90質量部に溶解した。得られた溶液を孔径0.1μmのメンブランフィルターでろ過して、レジスト下層膜形成用組成物(J-1)を調製した。
下記表1に示す種類及び含有量の各成分を使用した以外は実施例2-1と同様に操作して、レジスト下層膜形成用組成物(J-2)~(J-13)を調製した。表1中の「-」は、該当する成分を使用しなかったことを示す。
[実施例3-1~3-12及び比較例3-1]
上記調製したレジスト下層膜形成用組成物を、シリコンウエハ基板上に、スピンコート法により塗工した。次に、大気雰囲気下にて、下記表2に示す加熱温度(℃)及び加熱時間(sec)で加熱(焼成)し、平均厚み200nmのレジスト下層膜を形成して、基板上にレジスト下層膜が形成されたレジスト下層膜付き基板を得た。表2中の「-」は、比較例3-1がエッチング耐性の評価の基準であることを示す。
上記得られたレジスト下層膜形成用組成物及び上記得られたレジスト下層膜付き基板を用い、下記項目について下記方法で評価を行った。評価結果を下記表2に示す。
上記基板上にレジスト下層膜が形成されたレジスト下層膜付き基板について、中心から円周方向に向かう筋状の欠陥(ストリエーション)の有無を目視にて観察した。塗工性は、筋状の欠陥(ストリエーション)がない場合には「A」(良好)、欠陥があった場合には「B」(不良)と評価した。
上記得られたレジスト下層膜付き基板におけるレジスト下層膜を、エッチング装置(東京エレクトロン社の「TACTRAS」)を用いて、CF4/Ar=110/440sccm、PRESS.=30MT、HF RF(プラズマ生成用高周波電力)=500W、LF RF(バイアス用高周波電力)=3000W、DCS=-150V、RDC(ガスセンタ流量比)=50%、30secの条件にて処理し、処理前後のレジスト下層膜の平均厚みからエッチング速度(nm/分)を算出し、比較例3-1に対する比率を算出し、エッチング耐性の尺度とした。エッチング耐性は、上記比率が0.95以上0.98未満の場合は「A」(極めて良好)と、0.98以上1.00未満の場合は「B」(良好)と、1.00以上の場合は「C」(不良)と評価した。
上記調製したレジスト下層膜形成用組成物を、図1に示すように、深さ100nm、幅10μmのトレンチパターンが形成されたシリコン基板1上に、スピンコーター(東京エレクトロン社の「CLEAN TRACK ACT12」)を用い、スピンコート法により塗工した。スピンコートの回転速度は、上記「レジスト下層膜の形成」において、平均厚み200nmのレジスト下層膜を形成する場合と同じとした。次いで、大気雰囲気下にて、250℃で60秒間焼成(ベーク)し、非トレンチパターンの部分における平均厚みが200nmの膜2を形成し、上記シリコン基板が膜で被覆された膜付きシリコン基板を得た。
上記調製したレジスト下層膜形成用組成物を、直径8インチのシリコンウエハ上にスピンコート法により塗工し、大気雰囲気下にて、250℃で60秒間焼成(ベーク)してレジスト下層膜を形成し、レジスト下層膜付き基板を得た。次に、このレジスト下層膜付き基板のレジスト下層膜を削ることにより粉体を回収し、レジスト下層膜の粉体をTG-DTA装置(NETZSCH社の「TG-DTA2000SR」)による測定で使用する容器に入れ、加熱前の質量を測定した。次いで、上記TG-DTA装置を用いて、窒素雰囲気下、10℃/分の昇温速度にて400℃まで加熱し、400℃における粉体の質量を測定した。そして、下記式により質量減少率(%)を測定し、この質量減少率を耐熱性の尺度とした。
ML={(m1-m2)/m1}×100
ここで、上記式中、MLは、質量減少率(%)であり、m1は、加熱前の質量(mg)であり、m2は、400℃における質量(mg)である。
耐熱性は、試料となる粉体の質量減少率が小さいほど、レジスト下層膜の加熱時に発生する昇華物やレジスト下層膜の分解物が少なく、良好である。すなわち、質量減少率が小さいほど、高い耐熱性であることを示す。耐熱性は、質量減少率が5%未満の場合は「A」(極めて良好)と、5%以上10%未満の場合は「B」(良好)と、10%以上の場合は「C」(不良)と評価した。
2 膜
Claims (8)
- 上記化合物の酸素原子含有量が4質量%以上である請求項1に記載のレジスト下層膜形成用組成物。
- 上記化合物が芳香環を有する請求項1又は請求項2に記載のレジスト下層膜形成用組成物。
- 酸発生剤をさらに含有する請求項1から請求項3のいずれか1項に記載のレジスト下層膜形成用組成物。
- 上記化合物の含有量が、1質量%以上50質量%以下である請求項1から請求項4のいずれか1項に記載のレジスト下層膜形成用組成物。
- 請求項1から請求項5のいずれか1項に記載のレジスト下層膜形成用組成物から形成されるレジスト下層膜。
- 請求項1から請求項5のいずれか1項に記載のレジスト下層膜形成用組成物を基板の一方の面側に塗工する工程と、
上記塗工工程により得られる塗工膜を加熱する工程と
を備えるレジスト下層膜の形成方法。 - 請求項7に記載のレジスト下層膜の形成方法により得られるレジスト下層膜の上記基板とは反対の面側にレジストパターンを形成する工程と、
上記レジストパターンをマスクとしたエッチングを行う工程と
を備えるパターニングされた基板の製造方法。
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