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JP7005357B2 - Antenna board - Google Patents

Antenna board Download PDF

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JP7005357B2
JP7005357B2 JP2018008923A JP2018008923A JP7005357B2 JP 7005357 B2 JP7005357 B2 JP 7005357B2 JP 2018008923 A JP2018008923 A JP 2018008923A JP 2018008923 A JP2018008923 A JP 2018008923A JP 7005357 B2 JP7005357 B2 JP 7005357B2
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conductor
radiating
dielectric
substrate
dielectric layer
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JP2018137737A (en
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勝彦 尾上
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Kyocera Corp
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Description

本発明は、アンテナ基板に関するものである。 The present invention relates to an antenna substrate.

従来から、各種無線機器に用いられる小型の平面アンテナとして、誘電体基板を挟んで放射導体と接地導体を配置した、マイクロストリップアンテナあるいはパッチアンテナと呼ばれるものが知られている。このようなアンテナに用いられるアンテナ基板として、放射導体と接地導体との間の誘電体に空洞部を設けたものが知られている(例えば、特許文献1を参照。)。空洞部により放射導体と接地導体との間の誘電率を低くすることでアンテナ特性を向上させるものである。 Conventionally, as a small flat antenna used in various wireless devices, a microstrip antenna or a patch antenna in which a radiation conductor and a ground conductor are arranged with a dielectric substrate interposed therebetween has been known. As an antenna substrate used for such an antenna, one in which a hollow portion is provided in a dielectric material between a radiation conductor and a ground conductor is known (see, for example, Patent Document 1). The cavity reduces the dielectric constant between the radiating conductor and the grounding conductor, thereby improving the antenna characteristics.

特開2012-151467号公報Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2012-151467

しかしながら誘電体に空洞部を設けることで放射導体と接地導体との間の誘電率が低くなっても、アンテナ特性が低下してしまうとことがあった。これは、アンテナ基板において比較的面積の大きい放射導体と接地導体との間において誘電体に空洞部を設けると、空洞部を挟んで位置している、放射導体あるいは接地導体が設けられた誘電体が変形して放射導体と接地導体との間隔が一定とならなくなるためであった。また、従来技術では、このような変形を抑えるために、焼成前の積層体の空洞部となる部分に空洞部仮設体を配置して、焼成後に取り出すことを行なっており、それによって空洞部はアンテナ基板の側面に開放したものとなるため、強度が低下しやすいものであった。 However, even if the dielectric constant between the radiating conductor and the grounding conductor is lowered by providing the cavity in the dielectric, the antenna characteristics may be deteriorated. This is a dielectric provided with a radiating conductor or a grounding conductor, which is located across the cavity when a cavity is provided in the dielectric between the radiating conductor and the grounding conductor, which have a relatively large area in the antenna substrate. Was deformed and the distance between the radiating conductor and the grounding conductor became inconsistent. Further, in the prior art, in order to suppress such deformation, a temporary cavity portion is placed in a portion of the laminated body that becomes a cavity portion before firing, and the cavity portion is taken out after firing, whereby the cavity portion is removed. Since it is open to the side surface of the antenna substrate, the strength tends to decrease.

本開示のアンテナ基板は、複数の誘電体層が積層されてなる誘電体基板と、該誘電体基板に設けられた放射導体と、前記誘電体層の積層方向で前記放射導体と重なるように前記誘電体基板に設けられており、開口部を有する接地導体とを備えており、前記積層方向において前記放射導体と前記接地導体との間に位置している前記誘電体層は、前記放射導体と前記接地導体とで挟まれた部分に、積層方向と交差する方向に離間して配置された複数の中空部を有しており、平面視において前記開口部は、前記複数の中空部と重なっておらず、前記複数の中空部の間に位置しており、前記接地導体との間に前記第1放射導体を挟んで前記誘電体層の積層方向で重なるように前記誘電体基板に設けられた第2放射導体を有しており、前記積層方向において前記第1放射導体と前記第2放射導体との間に位置している前記誘電体層は、前記第1放射導体と前記第2放射導体とで挟まれた部分に、積層方向と交差する方向に離間して配置された複数の中空部を有している。 The antenna substrate of the present disclosure includes a dielectric substrate in which a plurality of dielectric layers are laminated, a radiation conductor provided on the dielectric substrate, and the radiation conductor so as to overlap the radiation conductor in the stacking direction of the dielectric layers. The dielectric layer provided on the dielectric substrate and provided with a ground conductor having an opening, and the dielectric layer located between the radiation conductor and the ground conductor in the stacking direction, is the radiation conductor. A plurality of hollow portions arranged apart from each other in a direction intersecting the stacking direction are provided in a portion sandwiched between the ground conductors, and the opening overlaps with the plurality of hollow portions in a plan view. However, it is located between the plurality of hollow portions, and is provided on the dielectric substrate so as to sandwich the first radiation conductor with the ground conductor and overlap the dielectric layers in the stacking direction. The dielectric layer having the second radiating conductor and located between the first radiating conductor and the second radiating conductor in the stacking direction is the first radiating conductor and the second radiating conductor. The portion sandwiched between the two has a plurality of hollow portions arranged apart from each other in a direction intersecting the stacking direction .

本開示の1つの態様のアンテナ基板によれば、上記構成であることから、アンテナ特性が向上した、強度の高いものとなる。 According to the antenna substrate of one aspect of the present disclosure, since it has the above configuration, the antenna characteristics are improved and the strength is high.

アンテナ基板の一例を示す分解斜視図である。It is an exploded perspective view which shows an example of an antenna board. (a)は図1に示すアンテナ基板の下面図であり、(b)は(a)のB-B線における断面図である。(A) is a bottom view of the antenna substrate shown in FIG. 1, and (b) is a cross-sectional view taken along the line BB of (a). アンテナ基板の他の一例を示す分解斜視図である。It is an exploded perspective view which shows another example of an antenna board. (a)は図3に示すアンテナ基板の下面図であり、(b)は(a)のB-B線における断面図であり、(c)は(a)のC-C線における断面図である。(A) is a bottom view of the antenna substrate shown in FIG. 3, (b) is a cross-sectional view taken along the line BB of (a), and (c) is a cross-sectional view taken along the line CC of (a). be. (a)および(b)は、アンテナ基板の他の一例を示す下面図である。(A) and (b) are bottom views showing another example of the antenna substrate. アンテナ基板の他の一例を示す分解斜視図である。It is an exploded perspective view which shows another example of an antenna board. (a)は図6に示すアンテナ基板の下面図であり、(b)は(a)のB部を拡大して示す断面図である。(A) is a bottom view of the antenna substrate shown in FIG. 6, and (b) is a cross-sectional view showing an enlarged portion B of (a). (a)および(b)は、アンテナ基板の他の一例を示す下面図である。(A) and (b) are bottom views showing another example of the antenna substrate. アンテナ基板の他の一例を示す分解斜視図である。It is an exploded perspective view which shows another example of an antenna board. (a)は図9に示すアンテナ基板の断面図であり、(b)は(a)のB部を拡大して示す断面図である。(A) is a cross-sectional view of the antenna substrate shown in FIG. 9, and (b) is a cross-sectional view showing an enlarged portion B of (a). アンテナ基板の他の一例を示す分解斜視図である。It is an exploded perspective view which shows another example of an antenna board. アンテナ基板の他の一例を示す分解斜視図である。It is an exploded perspective view which shows another example of an antenna board. アンテナ基板の他の一例を示す分解斜視図である。It is an exploded perspective view which shows another example of an antenna board. アンテナ基板の他の一例を示す分解斜視図である。It is an exploded perspective view which shows another example of an antenna board.

アンテナ基板について、添付の図面を参照して説明する。なお、以下の説明における上下の区別は便宜的なものであり、実際にアンテナ基板が使用されるときの上下を限定するものではない。図1は、本開示のアンテナ基板の一例を示す分解斜視図である。図2(a)は図1に示すアンテナ基板の下面図であり、図2(b)は図2(a)のB-B線における断面図である。 The antenna board will be described with reference to the attached drawings. It should be noted that the distinction between the top and bottom in the following description is for convenience, and does not limit the top and bottom when the antenna substrate is actually used. FIG. 1 is an exploded perspective view showing an example of the antenna substrate of the present disclosure. 2A is a bottom view of the antenna substrate shown in FIG. 1, and FIG. 2B is a cross-sectional view taken along the line BB of FIG. 2A.

アンテナ基板10は、複数の誘電体層1aが積層されてなる誘電体基板1と、誘電体基板1に設けられた第1放射導体2と、第1放射導体2と誘電体層1aの積層方向で重なるように誘電体基板1に設けられた接地導体3とで基本的に構成されている。そして、第1放射導体2と接地導体3と間に位置している誘電体層1aは、第1放射導体2と接地導体3とで挟まれた部分に、積層方向と交差する方向に配置された複数の中空部1bを有している。 The antenna substrate 10 has a dielectric substrate 1 in which a plurality of dielectric layers 1a are laminated, a first radiation conductor 2 provided on the dielectric substrate 1, and a stacking direction of the first radiation conductor 2 and the dielectric layer 1a. It is basically composed of a grounding conductor 3 provided on the dielectric substrate 1 so as to overlap with the above. The dielectric layer 1a located between the first radiating conductor 2 and the grounding conductor 3 is arranged in a portion sandwiched between the first radiating conductor 2 and the grounding conductor 3 in a direction intersecting the stacking direction. It has a plurality of hollow portions 1b.

このような構成のアンテナ基板10によれば、中空部1bを有していることによって第1放射導体2と接地導体3との間の誘電率が低いものであるとともに、中空部1bが比較的小さい複数に分かれていることで第1放射導体2または接地導体3が形成された誘電体層1aが作製時に変形し難く、放射導体2と接地導体3との間隔が一定となるのでアンテナ特性が向上したものとなる。また、低誘電率の部分は中空部1bであることから、誘電体基板の外面に開口するような空洞部を有するものに対して、誘電体基板1の強度が高く、アンテナ基板10として信頼性の高いものとなる。 According to the antenna substrate 10 having such a configuration, since the hollow portion 1b is provided, the dielectric constant between the first radiating conductor 2 and the ground conductor 3 is low, and the hollow portion 1b is relatively small. Since the dielectric layer 1a on which the first radiating conductor 2 or the ground conductor 3 is formed is not easily deformed at the time of manufacturing because it is divided into a plurality of small pieces, the distance between the radiating conductor 2 and the ground conductor 3 becomes constant, so that the antenna characteristics are improved. It will be improved. Further, since the low dielectric constant portion is the hollow portion 1b, the strength of the dielectric substrate 1 is higher than that of a hollow portion having a cavity that opens on the outer surface of the dielectric substrate, and the antenna substrate 10 is reliable. Will be high.

図3は、アンテナ基板の他の一例を示す分解斜視図である。図4(a)は図3に示すアンテナ基板の下面図であり、図4(b)は図4(a)のB-B線における断面図である。図3および図4に示す例は、図1および図2に示す例に対して、中空部1bの形態が異なっている。図1および図2に示す例では、中空部1bは、平面透視で長方形状のものが2つ設けられ、第1放射導体2と接地導体3との間の誘電体層1aにおいて、中空部1bの間に、中空部1bが設けられていない部分が平面透視でI字状に設けられている。これに対して、図3および図4に示す例では、中空部1bは平面透視で正方形状のものが4つ設けられ、第1放射導体2と接地導体3との間の誘電体層1aにおいて、中空部1bが設けられていない部分は平面透視で+字形状となっている。このような、誘電体層1aにおける複数の中空部1bに挟まれた、中空部1bが設けられていない部分が、第1放射導体2が設けられた誘電体層1aと接地導体3が設けられた誘電体層1aとの間において、これらを支える支持部として機能するので、第1放射導体2または接地導体3が設けられた誘電体層1aが変形することが抑えられる。また、複数の中空部1bそれぞれの大きさも小さくなるので、中空部1bを設けることによる誘電体基板1の強度低下も抑えられる。 FIG. 3 is an exploded perspective view showing another example of the antenna substrate. 4 (a) is a bottom view of the antenna substrate shown in FIG. 3, and FIG. 4 (b) is a cross-sectional view taken along the line BB of FIG. 4 (a). The examples shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 differ from the examples shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 in the form of the hollow portion 1b. In the example shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, two hollow portions 1b are provided in a rectangular shape in a plan view, and the hollow portion 1b is provided in the dielectric layer 1a between the first radiation conductor 2 and the ground conductor 3. A portion where the hollow portion 1b is not provided is provided in an I-shape in a plan view between the two. On the other hand, in the examples shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the hollow portion 1b is provided with four square-shaped hollow portions 1b in a plan view, and is provided in the dielectric layer 1a between the first radiation conductor 2 and the ground conductor 3. The portion where the hollow portion 1b is not provided has a + -shaped shape in plan perspective. Such a portion of the dielectric layer 1a sandwiched between the plurality of hollow portions 1b where the hollow portion 1b is not provided is provided with the dielectric layer 1a provided with the first radiation conductor 2 and the grounding conductor 3. Since it functions as a support portion for supporting the dielectric layer 1a, it is possible to prevent the dielectric layer 1a provided with the first radiation conductor 2 or the ground conductor 3 from being deformed. Further, since the size of each of the plurality of hollow portions 1b is also reduced, it is possible to suppress a decrease in the strength of the dielectric substrate 1 due to the provision of the hollow portions 1b.

アンテナ基板10は、第1放射導体2に給電するための給電導体4を備えている。図1および図2に示す例では、給電導体4は、第1放射導体2との間に接地導体3を挟むよう
に、誘電体基板1の下面に設けられている。給電導体4はいわゆるストリップ線路導体であり、誘電体基板1の下面の外縁から中心部へ向けて延びている。
The antenna substrate 10 includes a feeding conductor 4 for feeding the first radiation conductor 2. In the example shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the feeding conductor 4 is provided on the lower surface of the dielectric substrate 1 so as to sandwich the grounding conductor 3 with the first radiating conductor 2. The feeding conductor 4 is a so-called strip line conductor, and extends from the outer edge of the lower surface of the dielectric substrate 1 toward the center.

図1および図2に示す例では、給電導体4の先端部は誘電体基板1の下面の中心部に位置しており、接地導体3は、この給電導体4の先端部と重なる位置に開口部3aを有している。この開口部3aは、平面透視で給電導体4に対して直交する方向に長い形状で、例えば長方形状である。給電導体4に電流(信号)が流れると、その周りに磁界が発生し、この磁界がこの開口部3a(スロット)を通って、給電導体4と第1放射導体2とが結合することで給電導体4から第1放射導体2に給電される。 In the examples shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the tip of the feeding conductor 4 is located at the center of the lower surface of the dielectric substrate 1, and the grounding conductor 3 has an opening at a position overlapping the tip of the feeding conductor 4. It has 3a. The opening 3a has a long shape in a direction orthogonal to the feeding conductor 4 in plan perspective, for example, a rectangular shape. When a current (signal) flows through the feeding conductor 4, a magnetic field is generated around it, and this magnetic field passes through the opening 3a (slot), and the feeding conductor 4 and the first radiating conductor 2 are coupled to feed the power. Power is supplied from the conductor 4 to the first radiating conductor 2.

図3および図4に示す例では、給電導体4の先端部と第1放射導体2とが貫通導体4aによって電気的に接続されており、貫通導体4aによって給電導体4から放射導体2に給電される。このときの接地導体3には開口部3aが設けられており、貫通導体4aはこの開口部3a内を通って給電導体4と第1放射導体2とを接続している。開口部3aは、接地導体3と貫通導体4aとの間にクリアランスを設けて、これらが短絡しないようにするためのものであり、平面透視の形状は、例えば円形状である。この例においては、貫通導体4aは第1放射導体2の中心部ではなく、中心部と外縁部との間に接続されており、給電導体4は誘電体基板1の下面の外縁から中心部までの間までの長さである。このように給電導体4の長さを短くすることで損失が低減されたアンテナ基板10となる。貫通導体4aによって給電導体4と第1放射導体2とを接続するためには、給電導体4と第1放射導体2との間に誘電体層1aが設けられている必要がある。図1および図2に示す例では、給電導体4が延びる方向(給電導体4の長さ方向)に2つの中空部1bが配列されているが、2つの中空部1bを給電導体4の長さ方向に直交する方向に配列して、中空部1bが設けられていない部分(支持部となる部分)を給電導体4と平面透視で重なる位置に設ければ、貫通導体4aで給電導体4と第1放射導体2とを接続することができる。なお、給電導体4と第1放射導体2との電気的な接続は、貫通導体4aだけでなく、誘電体基板1の側面に設けた側面導体で行なうこともできる。この場合には、中空部1bの配置に関係なく給電導体4と第1放射導体2とを電気的に接続することができる。 In the examples shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the tip of the feeding conductor 4 and the first radiating conductor 2 are electrically connected by the through conductor 4a, and the feeding conductor 4a feeds the radiation conductor 2 from the feeding conductor 4a. To. At this time, the ground conductor 3 is provided with an opening 3a, and the through conductor 4a passes through the opening 3a to connect the feeding conductor 4 and the first radiating conductor 2. The opening 3a is for providing a clearance between the ground conductor 3 and the through conductor 4a so that they do not short-circuit, and the shape of the plane perspective is, for example, a circular shape. In this example, the through conductor 4a is not connected to the central portion of the first radiating conductor 2, but is connected between the central portion and the outer edge portion, and the feeding conductor 4 is from the outer edge to the central portion of the lower surface of the dielectric substrate 1. It is the length between. By shortening the length of the feeding conductor 4 in this way, the antenna substrate 10 has a reduced loss. In order to connect the feeding conductor 4 and the first radiating conductor 2 by the through conductor 4a, it is necessary to provide a dielectric layer 1a between the feeding conductor 4 and the first radiating conductor 2. In the example shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, two hollow portions 1b are arranged in the direction in which the feeding conductor 4 extends (the length direction of the feeding conductor 4), but the two hollow portions 1b are the length of the feeding conductor 4. If the portions arranged in the directions orthogonal to the direction and the hollow portion 1b is not provided (the portion serving as the support portion) are provided at the positions where they overlap with the feeding conductor 4 in a plan perspective, the through conductor 4a and the feeding conductor 4 and the first portion are provided. 1 Radiation conductor 2 can be connected. The electrical connection between the feeding conductor 4 and the first radiating conductor 2 can be made not only by the through conductor 4a but also by the side conductor provided on the side surface of the dielectric substrate 1. In this case, the feeding conductor 4 and the first radiating conductor 2 can be electrically connected regardless of the arrangement of the hollow portion 1b.

図5(a)、図5(b)は、それぞれアンテナ基板の他の一例を示す下面図である。図3および図4に示す例における4つの中空部1bのそれぞれの形状が平面透視で正方形であるのに対して、図5(a)に示す例においては、4つの中空部1bのそれぞれの形状は、正方形の角部を丸めた形状である点が異なる。中空部1bの平面透視の形状が正方形や長方形あるいはその他の多角形状である場合には、平面透視における形状の角部を丸めた形状にすると、アンテナ基板10(誘電体基板1)に加わった応力が角部に集中して、角部を起点とするクラックが入る可能性が低減される。このような効果を得るために、中空部1bの平面透視の形状を角部のない形状、例えば図5(b)に示す例のような円形状、あるいは楕円形状とすることができる。なお、図5(a)に示す例と図3および図4に示す例とは4つの中空部1bの配置は同じであるが、給電導体4と第1放射導体2との接続方法は異なっている。図5(a)に示す例のように、接地導体3にスロット(開口部3a)を設けた場合には、開口部3aを挟んで両方向、すなわち放射導体2側および給電導体4側に電波を放射することができる。電波の指向性を高めたい場合には、貫通導体4a等で給電導体4と第1放射導体2とを接続して、第1放射導体2から外側への一方向だけに電波が放射されるようにすることができる。 5 (a) and 5 (b) are bottom views showing another example of the antenna substrate, respectively. In the example shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the shapes of the four hollow portions 1b are square in plan perspective, whereas in the example shown in FIG. 5 (a), the shapes of the four hollow portions 1b are each. Is different in that it has a shape with rounded corners of a square. When the shape of the hollow portion 1b in the plane perspective is a square, a rectangle, or another polygonal shape, if the corners of the shape in the plane perspective are rounded, the stress applied to the antenna substrate 10 (dielectric substrate 1) is applied. Is concentrated in the corners, reducing the possibility of cracks starting from the corners. In order to obtain such an effect, the plane perspective shape of the hollow portion 1b can be a shape without corners, for example, a circular shape as shown in the example shown in FIG. 5B, or an elliptical shape. The example shown in FIG. 5A and the example shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 have the same arrangement of the four hollow portions 1b, but the connection method between the feeding conductor 4 and the first radiation conductor 2 is different. There is. As in the example shown in FIG. 5A, when the ground conductor 3 is provided with a slot (opening 3a), radio waves are transmitted in both directions with the opening 3a in between, that is, on the radiation conductor 2 side and the feeding conductor 4 side. Can radiate. If you want to increase the directivity of radio waves, connect the feeding conductor 4 and the first radiating conductor 2 with a through conductor 4a or the like so that the radio waves are radiated from the first radiating conductor 2 in only one direction to the outside. Can be.

また、図5(b)に示す例ではb、誘電体基板1は、41個の中空部1bを有している。中空部1bの数は複数であれば特に制限はない。第1放射導体2と接地導体3との間に位置している誘電体層1bにおける第1放射導体2と接地導体3とで挟まれた部分に、複数の中空部1bが積層方向と交差する方向に離間して配置されていれば、放射導体2が設けられた誘電体層1aと接地導体3が設けられた誘電体層1aとの間において、誘電体基
板1にこれらを支える支持部として機能する部分が設けられる。
Further, in the example shown in FIG. 5B, b, the dielectric substrate 1 has 41 hollow portions 1b. There is no particular limitation as long as the number of hollow portions 1b is plural. A plurality of hollow portions 1b intersect the stacking direction at a portion of the dielectric layer 1b located between the first radiating conductor 2 and the ground conductor 3 sandwiched between the first radiating conductor 2 and the ground conductor 3. If they are arranged apart from each other in the direction, the dielectric layer 1a provided with the radiation conductor 2 and the dielectric layer 1a provided with the ground conductor 3 serve as a support portion for supporting them on the dielectric substrate 1. A functional part is provided.

図6は、アンテナ基板の他の一例を示す分解斜視図である。図7(a)は図6に示すアンテナ基板の下面図であり、図7(b)は図7(a)のB-B線における断面図である。図6および図7に示す例は、図1および図2に示す例に対して、2つの中空部1bの配置が異なっている。図1および図2に示す例では、第1放射導体2と接地導体3との間には1層の誘電体層1aが設けられており、この1層の誘電体層1aに2つの中空部1bが設けられている。これに対して、図6および図7に示す例では、第1放射導体2と接地導体3との間には2層の誘電体層1aが設けられており、この2層の誘電体層1aのそれぞれに1つずつの中空部1bが設けられている。2つの中空部1bは、誘電体層1aの積層方向において異なる位置に配置されている点では異なるが、積層方向と交差する方向に離間して配置されているという点では同じである。そのため、この例においても、第1放射導体2が設けられた誘電体層1aと接地導体3が設けられた誘電体層1aとの間において、誘電体基板1にこれらを支える支持部として機能する部分が設けられている。このように、複数の中空部1bは、誘電体1の積層方向にも複数設けることができる。なお、図6および図7に示す例において、第1放射導体2と接地導体3との間の2層の誘電体層1aのそれぞれに、2つの貫通孔を設けてもよい。すなわち、第1放射導体2と接地導体3との間の複数層の誘電体層1aが設けられている場合に、複数層の誘電体層1aを貫通して複数の中空部1bが設けられていてもよい。この場合は、図6および図7に示す例と比較して、第1放射導体2と接地導体3との間の誘電率がより低減されてアンテナ特性が向上する。 FIG. 6 is an exploded perspective view showing another example of the antenna substrate. 7 (a) is a bottom view of the antenna substrate shown in FIG. 6, and FIG. 7 (b) is a cross-sectional view taken along the line BB of FIG. 7 (a). In the example shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, the arrangement of the two hollow portions 1b is different from the example shown in FIGS. 1 and 2. In the example shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, one layer of the dielectric layer 1a is provided between the first radiation conductor 2 and the ground conductor 3, and two hollow portions are provided in the one layer of the dielectric layer 1a. 1b is provided. On the other hand, in the examples shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, a two-layer dielectric layer 1a is provided between the first radiation conductor 2 and the ground conductor 3, and the two-layer dielectric layer 1a is provided. A hollow portion 1b is provided for each of the above. The two hollow portions 1b are different in that they are arranged at different positions in the stacking direction of the dielectric layer 1a, but are the same in that they are arranged apart from each other in the direction intersecting the stacking direction. Therefore, also in this example, between the dielectric layer 1a provided with the first radiating conductor 2 and the dielectric layer 1a provided with the grounding conductor 3, the dielectric substrate 1 functions as a support portion for supporting them. A part is provided. As described above, a plurality of the plurality of hollow portions 1b can be provided also in the stacking direction of the dielectric 1. In the examples shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, two through holes may be provided in each of the two dielectric layers 1a between the first radiation conductor 2 and the ground conductor 3. That is, when a plurality of layers of dielectric layers 1a are provided between the first radiation conductor 2 and the ground conductor 3, a plurality of hollow portions 1b are provided so as to penetrate the plurality of layers of the dielectric layers 1a. You may. In this case, the dielectric constant between the first radiating conductor 2 and the ground conductor 3 is further reduced and the antenna characteristics are improved as compared with the examples shown in FIGS. 6 and 7.

また、図6および図7に示す例では、第1放射導体2は誘電体基板1の外面に設けられている。図1~図4に示す例のように第1放射導体2を誘電体基板1の内部に設けると、第1放射導体2と接地導体3との間の誘電体層1aを貫通する中空部1bとして、第1放射導体2および接地導体3を中空部1b内に面するようにすることができる。この場合には、第1放射導体2と接地導体3との間の誘電率をより小さくすることができる。また、第1放射導体2が誘電体層1aで覆われているので、アンテナ基板10の使用環境の雰囲気等によって第1放射導体2が腐食され難いものとなる。これに対して、図6および図7(さらには、後述する図9および図10)に示す例のように、誘電体層1aの外面に第1放射導体2を設けると、電波を放射する面に誘電体層1aが存在しないので、電波が閉じ込められず、より遠くまで電波を飛ばすことができる。アンテナ基板10に要求される特性に応じて第1放射導体2を配置することができる。 Further, in the examples shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, the first radiation conductor 2 is provided on the outer surface of the dielectric substrate 1. When the first radiating conductor 2 is provided inside the dielectric substrate 1 as in the examples shown in FIGS. 1 to 4, the hollow portion 1b penetrating the dielectric layer 1a between the first radiating conductor 2 and the grounding conductor 3 is provided. As a result, the first radiating conductor 2 and the grounding conductor 3 can be made to face the inside of the hollow portion 1b. In this case, the dielectric constant between the first radiating conductor 2 and the grounding conductor 3 can be made smaller. Further, since the first radiating conductor 2 is covered with the dielectric layer 1a, the first radiating conductor 2 is less likely to be corroded by the atmosphere of the usage environment of the antenna substrate 10. On the other hand, when the first radiation conductor 2 is provided on the outer surface of the dielectric layer 1a as in the examples shown in FIGS. 6 and 7 (further, FIGS. 9 and 10 described later), a surface that emits radio waves. Since the dielectric layer 1a does not exist in the air, the radio waves are not confined and the radio waves can be sent farther. The first radiation conductor 2 can be arranged according to the characteristics required for the antenna substrate 10.

図8(a)および図8(b)は、それぞれアンテナ基板の他の一例を示す下面図である。図8(a)に示す例は、図3および図4に示す例に対して、中空部1bの数および配置は同じであるが、中空部1bの平面透視の形状が異なる。図3および図4に示す例における中空部1bの平面透視の形状が正方形であるのに対して、図8(a)に示す例における中空部1bの平面透視の形状は台形である。台形にすることで、中空部1bが設けられていない部分の幅を大きくしている。そのため、第1放射導体2が設けられた誘電体層1aと接地導体3が設けられた誘電体層1aとの間を支える支持部が大きくなるので、第1放射導体2または接地導体3が設けられた誘電体層1aが変形することがより抑えられる。そして、台形の下底(最も長い辺)が、第1放射導体2の外辺のうち、給電導体4の延びる方向(長さ方向)と直交する辺に沿って外側に位置するように配置されている。第1放射導体2の外辺のうち、給電導体4の延びる方向(長さ方向)と直交する辺の近傍に電界が集中しやすく、ここの誘電率を小さくすることでアンテナ特性がより向上する。すなわち、図8(a)に示す例においては、図3および図4に示す例に対して、アンテナ特性をあまり低下させることなく、誘電体層1aの変形をより抑えることができる。このような効果を得るための中空部1bの平面透視の形状は、台形に限られず、第1放射導体2の外辺のうち、給電導体4の延びる方向(長さ方向)と直交する辺の近傍において大きく、第
1放射導体2の中央部において小さくなる形状であればよい。なお、図8においては接地導体3を破線で示し、第1放射導体2は示していないが、第1放射導体2は接地導体3より一回り小さく、第1放射導体2の外縁は接地導体3の外縁より内側に位置しているので、図8において、放射導体2の外辺のうち、給電導体4の延びる方向(長さ方向)と直交する辺と中空部1bとが平面透視で重なっている。
8 (a) and 8 (b) are bottom views showing another example of the antenna substrate, respectively. In the example shown in FIG. 8A, the number and arrangement of the hollow portions 1b are the same as those shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, but the shape of the hollow portion 1b is different from that of the example shown in FIG. The shape of the hollow portion 1b in the example shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 is square, whereas the shape of the hollow portion 1b in the example shown in FIG. 8A is trapezoidal. By making it trapezoidal, the width of the portion where the hollow portion 1b is not provided is increased. Therefore, since the support portion that supports between the dielectric layer 1a provided with the first radiating conductor 2 and the dielectric layer 1a provided with the grounding conductor 3 becomes large, the first radiating conductor 2 or the grounding conductor 3 is provided. Deformation of the obtained dielectric layer 1a is further suppressed. The lower bottom (longest side) of the trapezoid is arranged so as to be located on the outer side of the outer side of the first radiation conductor 2 along the side orthogonal to the extending direction (length direction) of the feeding conductor 4. ing. Of the outer sides of the first radiation conductor 2, the electric field tends to concentrate in the vicinity of the side orthogonal to the extending direction (length direction) of the feeding conductor 4, and the antenna characteristics are further improved by reducing the dielectric constant here. .. That is, in the example shown in FIG. 8A, the deformation of the dielectric layer 1a can be further suppressed without significantly deteriorating the antenna characteristics as compared with the examples shown in FIGS. 3 and 4. The shape of the hollow portion 1b for obtaining such an effect is not limited to the trapezoidal shape, and the outer side of the first radiation conductor 2 is orthogonal to the extending direction (length direction) of the feeding conductor 4. Any shape may be used as long as it is large in the vicinity and small in the central portion of the first radiation conductor 2. In FIG. 8, the ground conductor 3 is shown by a broken line and the first radiation conductor 2 is not shown, but the first radiation conductor 2 is one size smaller than the ground conductor 3, and the outer edge of the first radiation conductor 2 is the ground conductor 3. Since it is located inside the outer edge of the conductor 2, in FIG. 8, the side of the outer side of the radiation conductor 2 that is orthogonal to the extending direction (length direction) of the feeding conductor 4 and the hollow portion 1b overlap each other in a plane perspective. There is.

図8(b)に示す例は、図3および図4に示す例に対して、中空部1bの数は同じであるが配置が異なり、中空部1bの平面透視の形状も異なる。図3および図4に示す例においては、平面透視の形状が正方形である4つの中空部1bを、平面透視の形状が正方形である第1放射導体2の4つの角部のそれぞれに合わせて配置している。このときの中空部1bが設けられていない部分の形状は、平面透視で第1放射導体2の辺部間を結ぶ十字(+字)状である。これ対して、図8(b)に示す例においては、平面透視の形状が台形である4つの中空部1bを、平面透視の形状が正方形である第1放射導体2の4つの辺部のそれぞれに、台形の下底が外側で沿うように配置している。中空部1bが設けられていない部分の形状は、平面透視で第1放射導体2の対角間を結ぶX字(×)状である。この場合は、給電導体4と平面透視で重なる位置に中空部1bが設けられるので、貫通導体4aによって給電導体4と第1放射導体2とを接続することができないので、接地導体3に開口部3a(スロット)を設けて、給電導体4と第1放射導体2とを電磁界結合させる。開口部3a(スロット)と第1放射導体2との間に誘電体層1aを配置するため、中空部1bが設けられていない部分の形状は、完全なX字(×)ではなく、中央部に開口部3a(スロット)に沿って延びる部分を有している。この図8(b)に示す例の場合においても図8(a)に示す例と同様に、台形の下底(最も長い辺)が、第1放射導体2の外辺のうち、給電導体4の延びる方向(長さ方向)と直交する辺に沿って外側に位置するように配置されているので、アンテナ特性をあまり低下させることなく、誘電体層1aの変形をより抑えることができる。また、図8(a)に示す例に対して、図8(b)に示す例の中空部1bは、第1放射導体2の外辺のうち、給電導体4の延びる方向(長さ方向)と直交する辺と重なる部分が大きいのでアンテナ特性の点では優れている。なお、図1~図7に示す例において、複数の中空部1b全体の外周は、平面透視で放射導体2の外周より外側に位置している。すなわち、図1~図7に示す例においても、第1放射導体2の外辺のうち、給電導体4の延びる方向(長さ方向)と直交する辺と中空部1bとが平面透視で重なっている。このように、第1放射導体2と接地導体3とで挟まれた部分だけでなく、第1放射導体2の外辺のうち、給電導体4の延びる方向(長さ方向)と直交する辺と平面透視で重なる部分まで中空部1bを設けることができる。中空部1bが第1放射導体2と接地導体3とで挟まれた部分だけに配置される場合に対して、アンテナ特性がより向上する。 In the example shown in FIG. 8B, the number of hollow portions 1b is the same as that in the examples shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, but the arrangement is different, and the shape of the hollow portion 1b in plan perspective is also different. In the examples shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the four hollow portions 1b having a square perspective perspective are arranged in alignment with each of the four corner portions of the first radiation conductor 2 having a square perspective perspective. is doing. At this time, the shape of the portion where the hollow portion 1b is not provided is a cross shape (+ character) connecting the sides of the first radiating conductor 2 in plan perspective. On the other hand, in the example shown in FIG. 8B, each of the four hollow portions 1b having a trapezoidal shape in plane perspective and the four side portions of the first radiation conductor 2 having a square shape in plane perspective. The lower bottom of the trapezoid is arranged along the outside. The shape of the portion where the hollow portion 1b is not provided is an X-shape (x) connecting the diagonal spaces of the first radiation conductor 2 in plan perspective. In this case, since the hollow portion 1b is provided at a position where it overlaps with the feeding conductor 4 in a plane perspective, the feeding conductor 4 and the first radiating conductor 2 cannot be connected by the through conductor 4a. 3a (slot) is provided, and the feeding conductor 4 and the first radiating conductor 2 are electromagnetically coupled. Since the dielectric layer 1a is arranged between the opening 3a (slot) and the first radiation conductor 2, the shape of the portion where the hollow portion 1b is not provided is not a perfect X-shape (x) but a central portion. Has a portion extending along the opening 3a (slot). In the case of the example shown in FIG. 8 (b), as in the example shown in FIG. 8 (a), the lower bottom (longest side) of the trapezoid is the feeding conductor 4 of the outer sides of the first radiation conductor 2. Since it is arranged so as to be located on the outer side along the side orthogonal to the extending direction (length direction) of the antenna, the deformation of the dielectric layer 1a can be further suppressed without significantly deteriorating the antenna characteristics. Further, in contrast to the example shown in FIG. 8A, the hollow portion 1b in the example shown in FIG. 8B is the outer side of the first radiation conductor 2 in the extending direction (length direction) of the feeding conductor 4. Since the part that overlaps with the side orthogonal to is large, it is excellent in terms of antenna characteristics. In the examples shown in FIGS. 1 to 7, the outer circumference of the entire plurality of hollow portions 1b is located outside the outer circumference of the radiation conductor 2 in plan perspective. That is, also in the examples shown in FIGS. 1 to 7, of the outer sides of the first radiating conductor 2, the side orthogonal to the extending direction (length direction) of the feeding conductor 4 and the hollow portion 1b overlap each other in a plane perspective. There is. In this way, not only the portion sandwiched between the first radiating conductor 2 and the grounding conductor 3, but also the outer side of the first radiating conductor 2 that is orthogonal to the extending direction (length direction) of the feeding conductor 4. The hollow portion 1b can be provided up to the overlapping portion in the plane perspective. The antenna characteristics are further improved when the hollow portion 1b is arranged only in the portion sandwiched between the first radiation conductor 2 and the ground conductor 3.

以上の例における複数の中空部1bは、第1放射導体2と接地導体3との間で誘電体層1aを貫通している。そのため、複数の中空部1bの1つ1つをより大きいものとすることができ、誘電率をより低減することができる。また、中空部1bの形成が容易である。中空部1bが誘電体層1aを貫通している場合の縦断面視における形状は、図2、図4および図7に示す例のように矩形状となる。 The plurality of hollow portions 1b in the above example penetrate the dielectric layer 1a between the first radiation conductor 2 and the ground conductor 3. Therefore, each of the plurality of hollow portions 1b can be made larger, and the dielectric constant can be further reduced. Further, the hollow portion 1b can be easily formed. When the hollow portion 1b penetrates the dielectric layer 1a, the shape in the vertical cross-sectional view is rectangular as shown in the examples shown in FIGS. 2, 4, and 7.

図9は、アンテナ基板の他の一例を示す分解斜視図である。図10(a)は図9に示すアンテナ基板の断面図であり、図10(b)は図10(a)のB部を拡大して示す断面図である。図9および図10に示す例は、図6および図7に示す例に対して、中空部1bの形態が異なっている。複数の中空部1bは、第1放射導体2と接地導体3と間に位置している誘電体層1aに設けられた多孔質部1cの細孔1cpである。図1~図8に示す例に対して、中空部1bの1つの大きさが小さく、誘電体層1aの積層方向と交差する方向と誘電体層1aの積層方向の両方に複数の中空部1bが配置されている。そのため、中空部1bが設けられていない部分は、多孔質部1cにおいて三次元網目構造となっているともいえる。このような構成においては、第1放射導体2が設けられた誘電体層1aと接地導
体3が設けられた誘電体層1aとの間を支える支持部が、これらの間でより一様に分布し、支持部が存在しない領域がないものとなる。そのため、第1放射導体2または接地導体3が設けられた誘電体層1aの変形がより抑えられる。また、大きな中空部1bがなく、小さい中空部1bが一様に分散しているので、大きく強度が低下する部分がなく、誘電体基板1の強度がより高いものとなる。そして、図9および図10に示す例において、中空部1bを含んでいる多孔質部1cの外周は、平面透視で第1放射導体2の外周より外側に位置している。すなわち、図9および図10に示す例においても、放射導体2の外辺のうち、給電導体4の延びる方向(長さ方向)と直交する辺と中空部1bを含む多孔質部1cとが平面透視で重なっている。
FIG. 9 is an exploded perspective view showing another example of the antenna substrate. 10 (a) is a cross-sectional view of the antenna substrate shown in FIG. 9, and FIG. 10 (b) is an enlarged cross-sectional view showing a portion B of FIG. 10 (a). The examples shown in FIGS. 9 and 10 differ from the examples shown in FIGS. 6 and 7 in the form of the hollow portion 1b. The plurality of hollow portions 1b are pores 1cp of the porous portion 1c provided in the dielectric layer 1a located between the first radiation conductor 2 and the ground conductor 3. Compared to the examples shown in FIGS. 1 to 8, one hollow portion 1b is smaller in size, and a plurality of hollow portions 1b are formed in both the direction intersecting the stacking direction of the dielectric layer 1a and the stacking direction of the dielectric layer 1a. Is placed. Therefore, it can be said that the portion where the hollow portion 1b is not provided has a three-dimensional network structure in the porous portion 1c. In such a configuration, the support portions that support between the dielectric layer 1a provided with the first radiating conductor 2 and the dielectric layer 1a provided with the grounding conductor 3 are more uniformly distributed among them. However, there is no area where the support part does not exist. Therefore, the deformation of the dielectric layer 1a provided with the first radiating conductor 2 or the grounding conductor 3 is further suppressed. Further, since there is no large hollow portion 1b and the small hollow portions 1b are uniformly dispersed, there is no portion where the strength is significantly reduced, and the strength of the dielectric substrate 1 is higher. Then, in the examples shown in FIGS. 9 and 10, the outer circumference of the porous portion 1c including the hollow portion 1b is located outside the outer circumference of the first radiation conductor 2 in plan perspective. That is, also in the examples shown in FIGS. 9 and 10, of the outer sides of the radiating conductor 2, the side orthogonal to the extending direction (length direction) of the feeding conductor 4 and the porous portion 1c including the hollow portion 1b are flat surfaces. Overlapping with perspective.

図11はアンテナ基板の他の一例を示す分解斜視図である。図11に示す例は、図1に示す例に対して、さらに第2放射導体2aを備えている。第2放射導体2aは、第1放射導体2に対して接地導体3とは反対側で、第1放射導体2との間に誘電体層1aを挟んで重なっている。言い換えれば、第2放射導体2aと接地導体3との間に第1放射導体2配置している。すなわち、接地導体3との間に第1放射導体2を挟んで誘電体層1aの積層方向で重なるように誘電体基板1に設けられた第2放射導体2aを備えているアンテナ基板10とすることができる。このように第2放射導体2aが第1放射導体2に対して誘電体層1aの積層方向で重なるように配置されていることから、第1放射導体2および第2放射導体2aで複合的な共振が起こり、そのため広い周波数帯域において信号の送受信を行なうことが可能な広帯域のアンテナ基板10を提供することができる。 FIG. 11 is an exploded perspective view showing another example of the antenna substrate. The example shown in FIG. 11 is further provided with a second radiation conductor 2a as compared with the example shown in FIG. The second radiating conductor 2a is on the opposite side of the grounding conductor 3 with respect to the first radiating conductor 2 and overlaps with the first radiating conductor 2 with the dielectric layer 1a interposed therebetween. In other words, the first radiating conductor 2 is arranged between the second radiating conductor 2a and the grounding conductor 3. That is, the antenna substrate 10 is provided with the second radiating conductor 2a provided on the dielectric substrate 1 so as to sandwich the first radiating conductor 2 with the grounding conductor 3 and overlap the dielectric layer 1a in the stacking direction. be able to. Since the second radiating conductor 2a is arranged so as to overlap the first radiating conductor 2 in the stacking direction of the dielectric layer 1a in this way, the first radiating conductor 2 and the second radiating conductor 2a are composite. It is possible to provide a wide band antenna substrate 10 capable of transmitting and receiving signals in a wide frequency band due to resonance occurring.

図12~図14はアンテナ基板の他の一例を示す分解斜視図である。図12~図14に示す例は、図11に示す例に対して、第1放射導体2と第2放射導体2aとの間に位置している誘電体層1aが中空部1bを備えている。これらのように、積層方向において第1放射導体2と第2放射導体2aとの間に位置している誘電体層1aが、第1放射導体2と第2放射導体2aとで挟まれた部分に、積層方向と交差する方向に離間して配置された複数の中空部1bを有しているアンテナ基板10とすることができる。第1放射導体2と第2放射導体2aとで挟まれた部分にも中空部1bを設けることにより、これらの間の比誘電率も低いものとなるので、広い周波数帯域においてより良好な信号の送受信を行なうことが可能な広帯域のアンテナ基板10を提供することができる。また、第1放射導体2と第2放射導体2aとの間の中空部1bもまた、積層方向と交差する方向に離間して配置された複数個であるので、誘電体層1aが作製時に変形し難く、第1放射導体2と第2放射導体2aとの間隔が一定となってアンテナ特性が向上したものとなる。また、低誘電率の部分は中空部1bであって、誘電体基板の外面に開口するような空洞部ではないので、誘電体基板1の強度が高く、アンテナ基板10として信頼性の高いものとなる。 12 to 14 are exploded perspective views showing another example of the antenna substrate. In the examples shown in FIGS. 12 to 14, the dielectric layer 1a located between the first radiating conductor 2 and the second radiating conductor 2a is provided with the hollow portion 1b, as compared with the example shown in FIG. .. As described above, the portion where the dielectric layer 1a located between the first radiating conductor 2 and the second radiating conductor 2a in the stacking direction is sandwiched between the first radiating conductor 2 and the second radiating conductor 2a. In addition, the antenna substrate 10 may have a plurality of hollow portions 1b arranged apart from each other in a direction intersecting the stacking direction. By providing the hollow portion 1b also in the portion sandwiched between the first radiating conductor 2 and the second radiating conductor 2a, the relative permittivity between them is also low, so that a better signal can be obtained in a wide frequency band. It is possible to provide a wide band antenna substrate 10 capable of transmitting and receiving. Further, since the hollow portions 1b between the first radiating conductor 2 and the second radiating conductor 2a are also a plurality of pieces arranged apart from each other in the direction intersecting the stacking direction, the dielectric layer 1a is deformed at the time of fabrication. It is difficult to do so, and the distance between the first radiating conductor 2 and the second radiating conductor 2a becomes constant, and the antenna characteristics are improved. Further, since the low dielectric constant portion is the hollow portion 1b and is not a hollow portion that opens to the outer surface of the dielectric substrate, the strength of the dielectric substrate 1 is high and the antenna substrate 10 is highly reliable. Become.

図12に示す例において、第1放射導体2と第2放射導体2aとの間の中空部1bは、第1放射導体2と接地導体3との間の中空部1bと同じ形状で同じ配置である。これに対して、図13および図14に示す例においては、第1放射導体2と第2放射導体2aとの間の中空部1bの形状あるいは配置は、第1放射導体2と接地導体3との間の中空部1bとは異なっている。具体的には、図12に示す例では、平面視で長方形の2つの中空部1bが、第1放射導体2と接地導体3との間の中空部1bの配列方向と同じ方向に配列されている。これに対して、図13に示す例では、3つの長方形の中空部1bが第1放射導体2と接地導体3との間の中空部1bの配列方向と同じ方向に配列されている。また、図14に示す例では、2つの長方形の中空部1bが第1放射導体2と接地導体3との間の中空部1bの配列方向と直交する方向に配列されている。このように、第1放射導体2と接地導体3との間の中空部1bと第1放射導体2と第2放射導体2aとの間の中空部1bとが、平面視で重ならない部分を有するように配置されていると、中空部1bを設けることによる誘電体基板1の強度低下が抑えられ、アンテナ基板10として信頼性の高いものとなる。また、第1放射導体2と第2放射導体2aとの間の中空部1bもまた、図9および図
10に示す例のような、多孔質部1cの細孔1cpとすることができる。
In the example shown in FIG. 12, the hollow portion 1b between the first radiating conductor 2 and the second radiating conductor 2a has the same shape and the same arrangement as the hollow portion 1b between the first radiating conductor 2 and the ground conductor 3. be. On the other hand, in the examples shown in FIGS. 13 and 14, the shape or arrangement of the hollow portion 1b between the first radiating conductor 2 and the second radiating conductor 2a is different from that of the first radiating conductor 2 and the ground conductor 3. It is different from the hollow portion 1b between. Specifically, in the example shown in FIG. 12, two rectangular hollow portions 1b in a plan view are arranged in the same direction as the arrangement direction of the hollow portions 1b between the first radiation conductor 2 and the ground conductor 3. There is. On the other hand, in the example shown in FIG. 13, three rectangular hollow portions 1b are arranged in the same direction as the arrangement direction of the hollow portions 1b between the first radiation conductor 2 and the ground conductor 3. Further, in the example shown in FIG. 14, the two rectangular hollow portions 1b are arranged in a direction orthogonal to the arrangement direction of the hollow portions 1b between the first radiation conductor 2 and the ground conductor 3. As described above, the hollow portion 1b between the first radiating conductor 2 and the ground conductor 3 and the hollow portion 1b between the first radiating conductor 2 and the second radiating conductor 2a have a portion that does not overlap in a plan view. When arranged in such a manner, the decrease in strength of the dielectric substrate 1 due to the provision of the hollow portion 1b is suppressed, and the antenna substrate 10 becomes highly reliable. Further, the hollow portion 1b between the first radiating conductor 2 and the second radiating conductor 2a can also be the pore 1cp of the porous portion 1c as in the examples shown in FIGS. 9 and 10.

誘電体基板1は、アンテナ基板10の基本的な構造部分であり、アンテナ基板10としての機械的な強度の確保、および複数の第1放射導体2と接地導体3との間絶縁性の確保等の機能を有している。誘電体基板1は、例えば上から見たときに(平面視において)正方形状等の四角形状で、平板状である。誘電体基板1の寸法は、例えば、四角形の一辺の長さが2mm~10mmで、厚みが0.3mm~3mmである。 The dielectric substrate 1 is a basic structural part of the antenna substrate 10, ensuring mechanical strength as the antenna substrate 10, ensuring insulation between a plurality of first radiation conductors 2 and the ground conductor 3, and the like. Has the function of. The dielectric substrate 1 has a square shape such as a square shape (in a plan view) and a flat plate shape when viewed from above. The dimensions of the dielectric substrate 1 are, for example, a quadrangle having a side length of 2 mm to 10 mm and a thickness of 0.3 mm to 3 mm.

誘電体基板1は、例えば酸化アルミニウム質焼結体、ガラスセラミック焼結体、ムライト質焼結体または窒化アルミニウム質焼結体等のセラミック材料から成る誘電体材料からなる複数の誘電体層1aが積層されて形成されている。図1~図14に示す例では誘電体層1aは3層~5層であるが、絶縁層1aの層数はこれらに限られるものではない。 The dielectric substrate 1 includes a plurality of dielectric layers 1a made of a dielectric material made of a ceramic material such as an aluminum oxide sintered body, a glass ceramic sintered body, a mulite sintered body, or an aluminum nitrided sintered body. It is formed by stacking. In the examples shown in FIGS. 1 to 14, the dielectric layer 1a is 3 to 5 layers, but the number of layers of the insulating layer 1a is not limited to these.

誘電体基板1は、例えばガラスセラミック焼結体からなる場合であれば、次のようにして製作することができる。まず、ガラス成分となる酸化ケイ素、酸化ホウ素およびフィラー成分となる酸化アルミニウム等の粉末を主成分とする原料粉末を、有機溶剤、バインダと混練してスラリーとするとともに、このスラリーをドクターブレード法またはリップコータ法等の成形方法でシート状に成形して誘電体基板1の誘電体層1aとなるセラミックグリーンシート(以下、グリーンシートともいう)を作製する。図1~図8に示す例のような中空部1bは、セラミックグリーンシートに金型等を用いて貫通孔を設けておくことで、容易に形成することができる。次に、複数のグリーンシートを積層して積層体を作製する。このとき、中空部1bとなる貫通孔が大きいと、その上下に位置するグリーンシートが変形し、貫通孔内へ凸状に変形してしまう場合がある。中空部1bとなる貫通孔が複数設けられ、1つの貫通孔の大きさが小さいので変形し難い。また、1つの大きな貫通孔の場合に対して、グリーンシートの複数の貫通孔間に位置する部分(貫通孔が設けらていない)が上下のグリーンシートを支える支持部のように機能する。グリーンシートの変形をより抑えるために、貫通孔の内部を、例えば後の焼成工程において焼失する有機成分から成る充填材で充填しておくこともできる。充填材は、例えば、アクリル樹脂と有機溶剤とを含むグリーンシートと同等の厚みのシート状のものである。例えば、グリーンシートに貫通孔を設ける際に、グリーンシート上にシート状の充填材を載置した状態で、充填材とともにグリーンシートを打ち抜きつつ、グリーンシートの貫通孔に打ち抜かれた充填材シートをはめ込むことで貫通孔に充填材を充填させることができる。この場合には、貫通孔の大きさが小さいので充填材から発生するガスの量が少なく、このガスによる変形も発生し難い。その後、この積層体を約900~1000℃程度の温度で焼成することによって誘電
体基板1を製作することができる。
If the dielectric substrate 1 is made of, for example, a glass-ceramic sintered body, it can be manufactured as follows. First, a raw material powder containing powders such as silicon oxide and boron oxide as a glass component and aluminum oxide as a filler component as main components is kneaded with an organic solvent and a binder to form a slurry, and this slurry is used by the doctor blade method or A ceramic green sheet (hereinafter, also referred to as a green sheet) to be the dielectric layer 1a of the dielectric substrate 1 is produced by molding into a sheet by a molding method such as a lip coater method. The hollow portion 1b as in the example shown in FIGS. 1 to 8 can be easily formed by providing a through hole in the ceramic green sheet using a mold or the like. Next, a plurality of green sheets are laminated to prepare a laminated body. At this time, if the through hole serving as the hollow portion 1b is large, the green sheets located above and below the hollow portion may be deformed and may be deformed convexly into the through hole. Since a plurality of through holes serving as the hollow portion 1b are provided and the size of one through hole is small, it is difficult to deform. Further, in the case of one large through hole, a portion (without a through hole) located between the plurality of through holes of the green sheet functions like a support portion for supporting the upper and lower green sheets. In order to further suppress the deformation of the green sheet, the inside of the through hole can be filled with, for example, a filler composed of an organic component that is burnt down in a later firing step. The filler is, for example, a sheet having a thickness equivalent to that of a green sheet containing an acrylic resin and an organic solvent. For example, when providing a through hole in a green sheet, a filler sheet punched into the through hole of the green sheet is punched out together with the filler in a state where a sheet-shaped filler is placed on the green sheet. By fitting, the through hole can be filled with the filler. In this case, since the size of the through hole is small, the amount of gas generated from the filler is small, and deformation due to this gas is unlikely to occur. After that, the dielectric substrate 1 can be manufactured by firing this laminated body at a temperature of about 900 to 1000 ° C.

図9および図10に示す例のように、複数の中空部1bが多孔質部1cの細孔1cpである場合は、多孔質部1cとなるセラミックグリーンシートを、誘電体層1aとなるグリーンシートに設けた貫通孔内に配置することで作製することができる。あるいは、多孔質部1cとなるセラミックペーストを誘電体層1aとなるグリーンシートに設けた貫通孔内に充填することで作製することができる。多孔質部1cとなるセラミックグリーンシートおよび多孔質部1cとなるセラミックペーストは、誘電体層1aとなるグリーンシートに対して、例えば焼成工程で焼失して細孔1cpとなる焼失成分を含むものとすればよい。焼失成分としては、例えば、アクリル樹脂製のビーズを用いることができる。多孔質部1cとなるセラミックグリーンシートを用いる場合であれば、貫通孔内への配置は、上記した充填材を充填する方法と同様の方法で行なえばよい。多孔質部1cとなるセラミックペーストを用いる場合は、貫通孔を設けたシートを基材の上に載置した状態で、あるいは積層体を作製する途中の、貫通孔の一方の開口がグリーンシートで塞がれた状態で、セラミックペーストをスクリーン印刷などの方法を用いて貫通孔へ充填すればよい。 As in the examples shown in FIGS. 9 and 10, when the plurality of hollow portions 1b are the pores 1 cp of the porous portion 1c, the ceramic green sheet to be the porous portion 1c is used as the green sheet to be the dielectric layer 1a. It can be manufactured by arranging it in the through hole provided in. Alternatively, it can be produced by filling the through holes provided in the green sheet that becomes the dielectric layer 1a with the ceramic paste that becomes the porous portion 1c. The ceramic green sheet to be the porous portion 1c and the ceramic paste to be the porous portion 1c contain a burnt component that is burnt to become pores 1 cp, for example, with respect to the green sheet to be the dielectric layer 1a. do it. As the burnout component, for example, beads made of acrylic resin can be used. When the ceramic green sheet to be the porous portion 1c is used, the arrangement in the through hole may be performed by the same method as the above-mentioned method of filling the filler. When using the ceramic paste that becomes the porous portion 1c, one opening of the through hole is a green sheet in a state where the sheet provided with the through hole is placed on the base material or during the production of the laminate. In the closed state, the ceramic paste may be filled into the through holes by a method such as screen printing.

誘電体基板1を含むアンテナ基板10は、このようなアンテナ基板10となる複数の基板領域が母基板に配列された多数個取り基板として製作することもできる。複数の基板領域を含む母基板を、基板領域毎に分割して複数のアンテナ基板10をより効率よく製作することもできる。この場合には、母基板のうち基板領域の境界に沿って分割用の溝が設けられていてもよい。 The antenna substrate 10 including the dielectric substrate 1 can also be manufactured as a multi-layered substrate in which a plurality of substrate regions to be such an antenna substrate 10 are arranged on a mother substrate. It is also possible to more efficiently manufacture the plurality of antenna boards 10 by dividing the mother board including the plurality of board areas into each board area. In this case, a groove for division may be provided along the boundary of the substrate region in the mother substrate.

誘電体基板1の表面または内部には、図1~図10に示す例のように、第1放射導体2、接地導体3、給電線路導体4が設けられている。また、図11~図14に示す例では、さらに第2放射導体2aが設けられている。図1~図14に示す例においては省略しているが、例えば、接地導体3は外部回路の接地電位に接続するための、誘電体基板1の内部から外表面にかけて引出線路部を備えている。給電導体4と第1放射導体2との電気的な接続を貫通導体4aで行なう場合には、これらの間の誘電体層1aを貫通する貫通導体4aを設ける。また、給電導体4と第1放射導体2との電気的な接続を、誘電体基板1の側面に設けた側面導体で行なう場合には、誘電体基板1の側面に側面導体を設ける。 As shown in the examples shown in FIGS. 1 to 10, a first radiating conductor 2, a grounding conductor 3, and a feeding line conductor 4 are provided on the surface or inside of the dielectric substrate 1. Further, in the examples shown in FIGS. 11 to 14, a second radiation conductor 2a is further provided. Although omitted in the examples shown in FIGS. 1 to 14, for example, the ground conductor 3 includes a leader line portion from the inside to the outer surface of the dielectric substrate 1 for connecting to the ground potential of the external circuit. .. When the electric connection between the feeding conductor 4 and the first radiating conductor 2 is made by the through conductor 4a, the through conductor 4a penetrating the dielectric layer 1a between them is provided. Further, when the electric connection between the feeding conductor 4 and the first radiating conductor 2 is performed by the side conductor provided on the side surface of the dielectric substrate 1, the side conductor is provided on the side surface of the dielectric substrate 1.

第1放射導体2、第2放射導体2a、接地導体3、給電線路導体4、貫通導体4aおよび側面導体(以下、まとめて配線導体とも呼ぶ。)は、例えば、タングステン、モリブデン、マンガン、銅、銀、パラジウム、金、白金、ニッケルまたはコバルト等の金属、またはこれらの金属を含む合金の金属材料を導体材料として主に含むものである。このような金属材料は、メタライズ層またはめっき層等の金属層として誘電体基板1の表面に設けられている。この金属層は、1層でもよく、複数層でもよい。 The first radiating conductor 2, the second radiating conductor 2a, the grounding conductor 3, the feeding line conductor 4, the through conductor 4a and the side conductor (hereinafter collectively referred to as wiring conductors) are, for example, tungsten, molybdenum, manganese, copper, and the like. It mainly contains a metal such as silver, palladium, gold, platinum, nickel or cobalt, or a metal material of an alloy containing these metals as a conductor material. Such a metal material is provided on the surface of the dielectric substrate 1 as a metal layer such as a metallized layer or a plating layer. This metal layer may be one layer or a plurality of layers.

第1放射導体2、第2放射導体2a、接地導体3および給電線路導体4は、例えば、銅のメタライズ層である場合には、銅の粉末を有機溶剤および有機バインダと混合して作製した金属ペーストを誘電体層1aとなるグリーンシートの所定位置にスクリーン印刷法等の方法で印刷してグリーンシートとともに焼成する方法で形成することができる。また、貫通導体4aは、上記の金属ペーストの印刷に先駆けてグリーンシートの所定の位置に貫通孔を設け、上記と同様の金属ペーストをこの貫通孔に充填しておくことで形成することができる。側面導体は、積層体の側面に上記と同様の金属ペーストを印刷することで形成することができる。あるいは、側面導体は、いわゆるキャスタレーション導体とすることもできる。この場合は、グリーンシートに設けた貫通孔の内面に金属ペーストを印刷するか、貫通孔を充填するかして、貫通孔が分割されるように積層体を切断して誘電体基板1の側面となる側面を形成することで、誘電体基板1の側面にキャスタレーション導体である側面導体を形成することができる。 When the first radiating conductor 2, the second radiating conductor 2a, the ground conductor 3, and the feeding line conductor 4 are, for example, a copper metallized layer, the metal is made by mixing copper powder with an organic solvent and an organic binder. The paste can be formed by printing the paste at a predetermined position on the green sheet to be the dielectric layer 1a by a method such as a screen printing method and firing it together with the green sheet. Further, the through conductor 4a can be formed by providing a through hole at a predetermined position on the green sheet prior to printing the metal paste and filling the through hole with the same metal paste as described above. .. The side conductor can be formed by printing a metal paste similar to the above on the side surface of the laminate. Alternatively, the side conductor may be a so-called casting conductor. In this case, the metal paste is printed on the inner surface of the through hole provided in the green sheet, or the through hole is filled, and the laminate is cut so that the through hole is divided to form the side surface of the dielectric substrate 1. By forming the side surface to be, a side conductor which is a casting conductor can be formed on the side surface of the dielectric substrate 1.

また、配線導体うち、第1放射導体2、第2放射導体2a、給電線路導体4、および側面導体となるメタライズ層の露出表面には、電解めっき法または無電解めっき法等のめっき法でニッケルおよび金等のめっき層がさらに被着されていてもよい。この場合、前述したように多数個取り基板の形態でアンテナ基板10を製作する際に、複数の基板領域の配線導体を互いに電気的に接続させておけば、複数のアンテナ基板10の配線導体に一括してめっき層を被着させることもできる。 Further, among the wiring conductors, the exposed surface of the first radiating conductor 2, the second radiating conductor 2a, the feeding line conductor 4, and the metallized layer serving as the side conductor is made of nickel by a plating method such as an electrolytic plating method or a non-electrolytic plating method. And a plating layer such as gold may be further adhered. In this case, as described above, when the antenna board 10 is manufactured in the form of a multi-layer board, if the wiring conductors of the plurality of board regions are electrically connected to each other, the wiring conductors of the plurality of antenna boards 10 can be formed. It is also possible to coat the plating layer all at once.

第1放射導体2および第2放射導体2aの平面視の形状は、矩形状あるいは円形状であり、正方形の誘電体基板1にできるだけ大きい第1放射導体2および第2放射導体2aを設けるためには正方形とすることができる。また、接地導体3の平面視の形状は、第1放射導体2の相似形で、一回り大きいものとすることができる。そして、平面透視で、接地導体3の外周が第1放射導体2の外周より外側に位置して重なるように配置することができる。このようにすることで、第1放射導体2の外周部まで確実に電波を放射することができるものとなる。 The shapes of the first radiating conductor 2 and the second radiating conductor 2a in a plan view are rectangular or circular, and in order to provide the first radiating conductor 2 and the second radiating conductor 2a as large as possible on the square dielectric substrate 1. Can be a square. Further, the shape of the ground conductor 3 in a plan view is similar to that of the first radiation conductor 2, and can be one size larger. Then, it can be arranged so that the outer periphery of the ground conductor 3 is located outside the outer periphery of the first radiation conductor 2 and overlaps with each other in a plane perspective. By doing so, it is possible to reliably radiate radio waves to the outer peripheral portion of the first radiating conductor 2.

第1放射導体2、第2放射導体2aおよび接地導体3の大きさは、アンテナ基板10に求められるアンテナ特性に応じて、また、誘電体層1aの比誘電率および厚みによって、適宜設定することができる。また、接地導体3に設けられる開口部(スロット)3aおよび給電線路導4の寸法についても同様である。 The sizes of the first radiating conductor 2, the second radiating conductor 2a, and the ground conductor 3 should be appropriately set according to the antenna characteristics required for the antenna substrate 10 and the relative permittivity and thickness of the dielectric layer 1a. Can be done. The same applies to the dimensions of the opening (slot) 3a provided in the grounding conductor 3 and the feeding line conductor 4.

1・・・誘電体基板
1a・・・誘電体層
1b・・・中空部
1c・・・多孔質部
1cp・・・細孔
2・・・第1放射導体
2a・・・第2放射導体
3・・・接地導体
3a・・・開口部
4・・・給電線路導体
4a・・・貫通導体
10・・・アンテナ基板
1 ... Dielectric substrate 1a ... Dielectric layer 1b ... Hollow portion 1c ... Porous portion 1cp ... Pore 2 ... First radiation conductor 2a ... Second radiation conductor 3 ... Ground conductor 3a ... Opening 4 ... Feeding line conductor 4a ... Through conductor 10 ... Antenna substrate

Claims (2)

複数の誘電体層が積層されてなる誘電体基板と、
該誘電体基板に設けられた第1放射導体と、
前記誘電体層の積層方向で前記第1放射導体と重なるように前記誘電体基板に設けられており、開口部を有する接地導体とを備えており、
前記積層方向において前記第1放射導体と前記接地導体と間に位置している前記誘電体層は、前記第1放射導体と前記接地導体とで挟まれた部分に、積層方向と交差する方向に離間して配置された複数の中空部を有しており、
平面視において前記開口部は、前記複数の中空部と重なっておらず、前記複数の中空部の間に位置しており、
前記接地導体との間に前記第1放射導体を挟んで前記誘電体層の積層方向で重なるように前記誘電体基板に設けられた第2放射導体を有しており、
前記積層方向において前記第1放射導体と前記第2放射導体との間に位置している前記誘電体層は、前記第1放射導体と前記第2放射導体とで挟まれた部分に、積層方向と交差する方向に離間して配置された複数の中空部を有しているアンテナ基板。
A dielectric substrate in which a plurality of dielectric layers are laminated, and
The first radiation conductor provided on the dielectric substrate and
The dielectric substrate is provided on the dielectric substrate so as to overlap the first radiating conductor in the stacking direction of the dielectric layer, and is provided with a grounding conductor having an opening.
The dielectric layer located between the first radiating conductor and the grounding conductor in the laminating direction is in a direction intersecting the laminating direction at a portion sandwiched between the first radiating conductor and the grounding conductor. It has a plurality of hollow portions arranged apart from each other and has a plurality of hollow portions.
In a plan view, the opening does not overlap with the plurality of hollow portions, but is located between the plurality of hollow portions .
It has a second radiating conductor provided on the dielectric substrate so as to sandwich the first radiating conductor with the grounding conductor and overlap in the stacking direction of the dielectric layer.
The dielectric layer located between the first radiating conductor and the second radiating conductor in the laminating direction is placed in a portion sandwiched between the first radiating conductor and the second radiating conductor in the laminating direction. An antenna substrate having a plurality of hollow portions arranged apart from each other in a direction intersecting with the antenna substrate.
前記複数の中空部は、前記第1放射導体と前記接地導体との間で前記誘電体層を前記積層方向に貫通している請求項1に記載のアンテナ基板。 The antenna substrate according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of hollow portions penetrate the dielectric layer between the first radiation conductor and the ground conductor in the stacking direction.
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