JP6912102B2 - Energy absorption mechanism and wooden building - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to an energy absorption mechanism used in a wooden building.

A typical wooden building is composed of columns and frames of horizontal members (beams and foundations). However, since such a framework alone cannot sufficiently resist earthquakes and typhoons, the rigidity and strength of wooden buildings are increased by adding braces and face materials to the framework.

Further, in the above structure, a damper that absorbs energy by being attached between a column or a horizontal member and a brace has been proposed. (See, for example, Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2).

Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2011-174364 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2011-157728

The inventions described in Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2 attempt to absorb energy due to vibration such as an earthquake by a damper provided with a damping material and a high-rigidity member. It should be noted that these patent documents were invented by the inventor of the present application, and the inventor made the invention of the present application by repeating diligent research in order to absorb energy more effectively than before.

The inventor of the present application has found that the spring constant of a member constituting an energy absorption mechanism such as a damper is an extremely important factor. According to the descriptions of Patent Documents 1 and 2, the shear modulus and the equivalent viscosity damping constant are defined as the characteristics of the damping material and the like to obtain effective energy absorption.

However, the spring constant of these varies greatly depending on the shape of the damping material or the like, for example, the shape of the high damping rubber (surface area x thickness of the adhesive surface). That is, even if the rubbers have the same shear modulus, if the surface area of the adhesive surface on which the shearing force due to tension and compression generated at the brace acts is the same, the spring constant increases as the thickness decreases, and the thickness increases. The larger the value, the smaller the spring constant.

If this spring constant is too large, the damping material will not be deformed, energy due to vibration cannot be absorbed, stress will be applied to the fastening portions such as screws and bolts, and the damping material will be deformed and destroyed. On the other hand, if the spring constant is too small, sufficient rigidity cannot be secured. As described above, the spring constant is an extremely large factor in damping.

Then, the inventor of the present application found the correlation between the two spring members constituting the energy absorption mechanism through further research, and invented the energy absorption mechanism that exerts a more effective vibration damping effect.

As described above, an object of the present invention is to improve the damping ability and toughness ability against energy due to vibration by defining two members constituting the energy absorption mechanism, and to absorb energy having a higher vibration damping effect than before. To provide a mechanism.

The energy absorption mechanism of one aspect according to the present invention includes a pair of pillars extending in the vertical direction, a pair of structural materials extending in the horizontal direction, and from the center of one pillar to the other pillar and the structural material. An energy absorbing mechanism used in a wooden building provided with a brace material extending toward a joint portion of the column and / or a structural material and the brace material, the first spring portion. The first spring portion has a first spring constant K1 in the range of 1.5 to 7.5 kN / mm , and the second spring portion has a second spring portion. It ranges spring constant K2 of 5.0~30.0kN / mm, satisfies the following formula 1, and Ri figures der range of 1.4 to 4.9 of K derived by the following equation 2, It is characterized in that it is installed so as to form a clearance between the end portion of the brace member and the column member or the structural member .
K1 <K2 ... (Formula 1)
K = (K1 x K2) / (K1 + K2) ... (Formula 2)

According to this configuration, the energy absorption mechanism including the first spring portion and the second spring portion can improve the damping ability and the toughness ability with respect to the vibration energy, and can obtain an effective vibration damping effect. Further, since a clearance is formed between the brace material and the column material or the structural material, the energy absorption mechanism can be applied in both the compression and tension directions of the brace material. As a result, the energy generated by shaking such as an earthquake is efficiently absorbed. Here, the energy absorption mechanism provided with the first spring portion and the second spring portion is composed of a combination of different members such as rubber and metal, or the same material such as metal continuously formed, and has a spring constant. Includes those comprising a first portion and a second portion that differ in.

Further, if the first spring constant K1 is less than 1.0 kN / mm, the seismic performance is too low to be established as a seismic element, and if it exceeds 20.0 kN / mm, the strength is too high to exhibit absorption performance. Further, if the second spring constant K1 is less than 3.0 kN / mm, the fixed portion is deformed first and cannot be used as a seismic element, and if it exceeds 50.0 kN / mm, the strength is too high and the absorption performance cannot be exhibited. .. Further, in order to further enhance seismic performance and absorption performance, the first spring constant K1 is preferably 1.5 to 7.5 kN / mm, and the second spring constant K2 is 5.0 to 30.0 kN / mm. , The value of K is in the range of 1.4 to 4.9.

Further, possible to twist the ends of the front Symbol bracing material, because that Ru is installed by providing a clearance between the pillar or the structural material, the energy absorbing mechanism in either direction of compression and tension of the brace Can be done. As a result, the energy generated by shaking such as an earthquake is efficiently absorbed.

The energy absorption mechanism of one aspect according to the present invention is a pair of pillars extending in the vertical direction, a pair of structural materials extending in the horizontal direction, and a brace installed at a joint between the pillars and the structural materials. An energy absorbing mechanism used in a wooden building provided with a brace of a mold and fixed to the column and / or the structural material and the brace, the first spring portion and the second. The first spring portion includes a spring portion and has a first spring constant K1 in the range of 1.5 to 7.5 kN / mm , and the second spring portion has a second spring constant K2 of 5. in the range of .0~30.0kN / mm, satisfies the following formula 1, and Ri figures der range of 1.4 to 4.9 of K derived by the following equation 2, an end of said brace member It is characterized in that it is installed so that a clearance is generated between the portion and the pillar material or the structural material. The upper and lower limits of the range of the first spring constant K1 and the second spring constant K2 are the same as described above.

The energy absorption mechanism of one aspect according to the present invention is installed in a frame composed of a pair of pillars extending in the vertical direction, a pair of structural materials extending in the horizontal direction, and the pillars and the structural materials. An energy absorbing mechanism used in a wooden building provided with a wall material and fixed between the pillar material and / or the structural material and the wall material, the first spring portion and the second spring portion. The first spring portion includes a spring portion and has a first spring constant K1 in the range of 1.5 to 7.5 kN / mm , and the second spring portion has a second spring constant K2 of 5. in the range of .0~30.0kN / mm, satisfies the following formula 1, and Ri figures der range of 1.4 to 4.9 of K derived by the following equation 2, and the wall material, It is characterized in that it is installed so as to generate a clearance between the pillar material and the structural material. The upper and lower limits of the range of the first spring constant K1 and the second spring constant K2 are the same as described above.

Further, in this energy absorption mechanism, an energy absorption material is arranged in the clearance. According to this configuration, the shaking of the building can also be absorbed by the energy absorbing material separately arranged. Here, the material of the energy absorbing material is, for example, a metal, a steel material, a viscoelastic body, an elastic body, or a viscous body, or may be an energy absorbing material in which a plurality of these are combined, such as a combination of an elastic body and a steel material.

Further, in this energy absorption mechanism, the first spring portion includes a first plate-shaped portion made of an elastic material, and the second spring portion is made of metal or resin and is more rigid than the first spring portion. A second plate-shaped portion having a high rigidity is provided, and the first plate-shaped portion and the second plate-shaped portion are joined to each other. Here, the elastic body includes, for example, natural rubber and viscoelastic body such as high damping rubber. Further, the joining between the first plate-shaped portion and the second plate-shaped portion is, for example, by adhesion.

Further, in this energy absorption mechanism, the second spring portion includes a pair of second plate-shaped portions, and the first plate-shaped portion is sandwiched by the pair of the second plate-shaped portions. As a result, the first plate-shaped portion is sandwiched between the pair of second plate-shaped portions.

Further, this energy absorption mechanism includes a connecting portion in which the second spring portion connects the pair of the second plate-shaped portions. Here, the connecting portion is formed in a bridge shape, for example, and the connecting portion also functions as one spring.

Further, in this energy absorption mechanism, the connecting portion is a plurality of bridges that connect the pair of the second plate-shaped portions. According to this configuration, a plurality of bridges function as springs.

Further, this energy absorption mechanism includes a mounting portion in which the second spring portion is fixed to the pillar material and / or the structural material. This facilitates attachment of the energy absorption mechanism to the pillar material or structural material.

Further, in this energy absorption mechanism, the first plate-shaped portion, the second plate-shaped portion, and the mounting portion are provided with through holes. Here, the through hole is a hole through which a screw or a bolt passes when the energy absorption mechanism is fixed to the brace.

Further, this energy absorption mechanism further includes a covering portion made of an elastic material that covers the surface of the second plate-shaped portion, and the covering portion is formed integrally with the first spring portion. This covering portion is integrated with the first spring portion and functions as the first spring portion.

Further, in this energy absorption mechanism, the covering portion has a plate shape and is provided with a through hole. Here, the through hole is a hole through which a screw or a bolt passes when the energy absorption mechanism is fixed to the brace.

The wooden building of one aspect according to the present invention includes the above energy absorption mechanism, the pillar material, the structural material, and the brace material, and the energy absorption mechanism includes the end portion of the brace material and the end portion of the brace material. It is fixed to the pillar material and / or the structural material.

The wooden building of one aspect according to the present invention includes the above energy absorption mechanism, the pillar material, the structural material, and the wall material, and the energy absorption mechanism includes the wall material and the pillar material. And / or fixed to the structural material.

According to the present invention, the energy absorption mechanism has high seismic performance and absorption performance, and has a higher vibration damping effect than the conventional one.

It is a schematic diagram of the bearing wall to which the energy absorption mechanism which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention is applied. It is a graph which shows the relationship of the axial force of the brace at the time of tension by the test, and each displacement of the energy absorption mechanism. It is a graph which shows the comparison of the horizontal load-interlayer displacement by a test and analysis. It is a graph which shows the relationship of horizontal load-interlayer displacement at the time of bracing tension obtained by analysis. It is a table for calculating the wall magnification from the spring constant of the 1st spring member. It is a graph which shows the relationship between a wall magnification and a spring constant K1. It is a graph which shows the relationship between a wall magnification and a spring constant K2. It is a graph which shows the relationship between the equivalent viscosity damping constant and the spring constant K1. It is a graph which shows the relationship between the spring constant K1 and the spring constant K2 when the wall magnification is 1.0. It is a graph which shows the relationship between the spring constant K1 and the spring constant K2 when the wall magnification is 1.0 to 2.5. It is a table which shows the lower limit and upper limit of the spring constant K1 with respect to a wall magnification. It is a figure which shows the state which attached the energy absorption mechanism which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention to a pillar and a structural material. (A) is a front view in FIG. 12, and (b) is a side view of the same. (A) is a perspective view of the energy absorption mechanism, and (b) is a perspective view in which the first spring member is omitted. (A) is a perspective view from the back side of the energy absorption mechanism, and (b) is a perspective view in which the first spring member is omitted. FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line AA of FIG. (A) is a perspective view of a modified example 1 of the energy absorption mechanism, and (b) is a perspective view in which the first spring member is omitted. It is a figure which attached the modification 2 of the energy absorption mechanism to a pillar and a structural material. It is sectional drawing of the main part of the modification 3 of the energy absorption mechanism. It is a figure which shows the state which attached the energy absorption mechanism which concerns on another Embodiment to a column and a structural material. (A) is a front view in FIG. 20, and (b) is a side view of the same. It is a figure which shows the state which attached the energy absorption mechanism which concerns on the modification of FIG. 20 to a pillar and a structural material. (A) is a front view in FIG. 22, and (b) is a side view of the same. It is a figure which shows the state which attached the energy absorption mechanism which concerns on the modification of FIG. 20 to a pillar and a structural material. (A) is a front view in FIG. 24, and (b) is a side view of the same. It is a figure which shows the state which attached the energy absorption mechanism which concerns on the modification of FIG. 20 to a pillar and a structural material. It is a figure which shows the state which attached the energy absorption mechanism which concerns on the modification of FIG. 22 to a pillar and a structural material. It is a figure which shows the state which attached the energy absorption mechanism which concerns on the modification of FIG. 24 to a pillar and a structural material. It is a figure which shows the state which attached the energy absorption mechanism which concerns on another Embodiment to a column and a structural material. It is a figure which shows the state which attached the energy absorption mechanism which concerns on another Embodiment to a column and a structural material. It is a figure which shows the state which attached the energy absorption mechanism which concerns on another Embodiment to a column and a structural material. (A) is a front view in FIG. 31, and (b) is a side view of the same. It is a figure which shows typically the state which attached the energy absorption mechanism (damper) which concerns on another Embodiment of this invention to a pillar material, and the damper. It is a figure which shows typically the state which attached the damper of the modification of FIG. 33 to a pillar material, and the damper. It is a figure which shows typically the state which attached the damper of the modification of FIG. 33 to a pillar material, and the damper. It is a figure which shows typically the state which attached the damper which concerns on another Embodiment to a pillar material, and the damper. It is a figure which shows typically the state which attached the damper which concerns on another Embodiment to a pillar material, and the damper. It is a figure which shows typically the state which attached the damper of the modification of FIG. 37 to a pillar material, and the damper. (A) is a figure explaining the mechanism of the damper of FIG. 33. FIG. 36B is a diagram illustrating the mechanism of the damper of FIG. 36. FIG. 33A is a diagram showing a state in which the damper of FIG. 33 is covered with rubber. FIG. 36B is a diagram showing a state in which the damper of FIG. 36 is covered with rubber. (C) is a diagram showing a state in which the damper of FIG. 37 is covered with rubber.

Hereinafter, an embodiment according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments. First, this embodiment will be described with reference to a schematic diagram, and then a specific embodiment will be described.

<First Embodiment>
(Structure of bearing wall)
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a bearing wall to which the energy absorption mechanism according to the embodiment of the present invention is applied. A bearing wall is a wall that mainly bears the force generated in a wooden building due to an earthquake or typhoon in the framework of a wooden building. The energy absorption mechanism according to the embodiment of the present invention is attached to this bearing wall.

As shown in FIG. 1, in the bearing wall W, a pair of column members 100 extending in the vertical direction and a pair of structural members 101 extending in the horizontal direction are joined to each other, and a diagonal line connecting one joint portion and another joint portion. A bracing member 102 extending in the direction is arranged. An energy absorption mechanism S is interposed between each joint and each end of the brace 102.

The energy absorption mechanism S is composed of a material, a mechanism, and a structure having spring characteristics, and as shown in FIG. 1, a first spring member S1 having a predetermined spring constant (K1) and a predetermined spring constant (K2). ) The second spring member S2 is provided. The energy absorption mechanism S of the present embodiment is, for example, a damper attached to the ends of the structural material 100 and the brace 102, and the details of this damper will be described later. The energy absorption mechanism S is not limited to the damper.

The energy absorption mechanism S is fixed to the ends of the structural material 100 and the brace 102, respectively. As a fixing method, for example, screws or bolts are used. The first spring member S1 is an elastic body (including a viscoelastic body) such as high-damping rubber, polyurethane rubber, butyl rubber, and natural rubber. Further, the second spring member S2 has a higher rigidity than the first spring member S1, and is a member having a relatively high rigidity such as a metal plate such as a steel plate or a synthetic resin plate such as an FRP.

Then, when energy is input to the wooden building due to an earthquake or the like, the energy absorption mechanism S functions as a device that absorbs this energy. That is, the first spring member S1 mainly functions as an energy absorbing spring, and the second spring member S2 secures rigidity and functions as a highly rigid spring. Fixing members such as screws and bolts also reinforce the second spring member. As a result, the entire energy absorption mechanism S functions as a spring mechanism and absorbs energy for the wooden building.

As described above, the first spring member S1 is mainly composed of a material, mechanism, and structure having a spring characteristic of absorbing energy, and the second spring member S2 is a spring that mainly secures rigidity and also functions as a highly rigid spring. It consists of materials, mechanisms, and structures with characteristics.

The first spring member S1 has a spring constant K1 of 1.5 to 7.5 kN / mm, and the second spring member S2 has a spring constant K2 of 5.0 to 30.0 kN / mm. The numerical value of K that satisfies the formula 1 and is calculated from the following formula 2 is in the range of 1.4 to 4.9.
K1 <K2 ... (Formula 1)
K = (K1 x K2) / (K1 + K2) ... (Formula 2)

By using the energy absorption mechanism S including the first spring member S1 and the second spring member S2 for the bearing wall, which satisfies this condition, the energy applied to the wooden building is effectively absorbed while ensuring sufficient strength. The damage caused by earthquakes can be suppressed to the maximum.

Further, in the following cases, the energy absorption mechanism S including the first spring member S1 and the second spring member S2 satisfying the following conditions is more preferable. When the brace 102 has a rectangular cross section of 30 mm × 90 mm or a cross section equivalent thereto, the first spring constant K1 is 1.5 to 5.5 kN / mm, and the numerical value of K is 1.4 to 3.9. Is desirable.

When the brace 102 has a rectangular cross section of 45 mm × 90 mm or a cross section equivalent thereto, the first spring constant K1 is 2.5 to 7.5 kN / mm, and the value of K is 2.1 to 4.9. Is desirable. When the brace 102 has a rectangular cross section of 90 mm × 90 mm or a cross section equivalent thereto, the first spring constant K1 is 1.5 to 5.5 kN / mm, and the value of K is 1.4 to 3.9. Is desirable.

(inspection)
In addition, the inventor conducted a test as to whether or not the above energy absorption mechanism can obtain a sufficient effect. The details of the test will be described below. This test was carried out by an analysis based on an incremental analysis method and a load test on the bearing wall model shown in FIG. The energy absorption mechanism S is composed of a pair of plate-shaped second spring members S2 and a plate-shaped first spring member S1, and the first spring member S1 is sandwiched between the pair of second spring members S2. A structure was used in which these were intervened and bonded together.

In the analysis, the strength of the bearing wall obtained when the spring constant K1 of the first spring member S1 is changed to 2 to 20 kN / mm, a predetermined horizontal load P is applied, and a tensile stress is generated in the energy absorption mechanism S. (Wall magnification) was calculated.

The Young's modulus E of the material used for the brace at this time is 12 kN / mm2. Further, the spring constant K2 of the second spring member S2 in the energy absorption mechanism S was set to 14 kN / mm.

First, in order to calculate the characteristic value required for calculating the wall magnification, a static shear force test was performed by applying the energy absorption mechanism S. The result is shown in FIG.

Next, in order to confirm the reliability of the analysis, when the actual experimental results were compared with the horizontal load-displacement relationship of this analysis, it was found that both data were in good agreement. The comparison diagram is shown in FIG.

Next, by analysis based on the experimental results, the relationship between the spring constant K1 of the first spring member S1 and the wall magnification at the time of tensile stress of the spring mechanism S, the spring constant K1 of the first spring member S1 and the second spring member S2 The relationship of the spring constant K2 was obtained. 4 to 6 show the relationship of K1-wall magnification, and FIG. 7 shows the relationship of K1-K2.

In the table of FIG. 5, the wall magnification was calculated by the following mathematical formula 3.
Wall magnification = P0 x (1 / 1.96) x (1 / L) ... (Formula 3)
However, 1.96: a numerical value (kN / m) for calculating wall magnification = 1.
L: Length of the wall of the test piece (m)

From the graph of FIG. 6, the spring constant K1 of the first spring member S1 when the wall magnification is 1.0 is 2.03 kN / mm, K1 <K2 is satisfied, and the numerical value of K calculated from Equation 2 is 2.03. It was × 14 / (2.03 + 14) = 1.78. From the above, when the spring constant K1 of the first spring member S1, the second spring constant K2 of the second spring member S2, and the numerical value K are within the specified range of the present invention, the required strength of the bearing wall can be obtained. Was confirmed.

Further, when the wall magnification was 1.5, the spring constant K1 of the first spring member S1 was 3.34 kN / mm, K1 <K2 was satisfied, and the numerical value of K calculated from Equation 2 was 2.69. As a result, it was confirmed that the required bearing wall strength could be obtained.

Further, even if the spring constant K1 of the first spring member S1 is increased beyond 5.5 kN / mm, the wall magnification obtained from the rigidity becomes high, but the wall magnification obtained from the yield strength, which is a substantially constant value, is relative. It was confirmed that the wall magnification does not increase above around 2.0 because it becomes small and dominant.

Further, the inventor has calculated the relationship between the wall magnification and the spring constant K2 when the spring constant K1 of the first spring member is a predetermined value with respect to the spring constant K2 of the second spring member. The result is shown in FIG. FIG. 7 is a diagram showing the relationship with the wall magnification when the spring constant K1 is constant and the spring constant K2 is increased in the same incremental analysis as described above. From this, it can be seen that the spring constant K2 is preferably 5.0 or more, and more preferably 5.0 to 30.0. This is because when K2 exceeds 30.0, the wall magnification tends to decrease, that is, the strength of the wall tends to weaken. The reason why the upper limit of the spring constant K2 is set to 75.0 is that when it exceeds 75.0, the second spring member S2 is not deformed and only the screw which is the fixing member is deformed.

Furthermore, the inventor also verified the spring constant K1 of the first spring member. FIG. 8 is a graph showing the relationship between the equivalent viscosity damping constant (hex) and the spring constant K1 of the first spring member. FIG. 8 is calculated from the relationship between the shape and material (rigidity (shear elastic modulus)) of the spring member applied to a predetermined value of the spring constant K1. The equivalent viscosity damping constant is a numerical value indicating the energy absorption capacity of the building. According to FIG. 8, it can be seen that at 1.5 kN / mm-7.5 kN / mm, the equivalent viscosity attenuation constant exceeds approximately 15%, and the energy absorption capacity becomes high. This is because the damping effect is exhibited when the equivalent viscous damping constant of the spring constant K1 exceeds 15%.

From these, it can be seen that the specification of the spring constants K1 and K2 in the present embodiment is very effective in ensuring the rigidity and absorbing energy.

Next, the inventor confirmed the relationship between the spring constant K1 of the first spring member S1 having a wall magnification of 1.0 and the spring constant K2 of the second spring member S2. The relationship is shown in FIG. Similarly, the relationship of the spring constants (K1, K2) when the wall magnification is 1.0 to 2.5 was also obtained. The relationship is shown in FIG.

Further, in relation to the spring constants (K1, K2), the first spring member S1 mainly absorbs energy, and the second spring member S2 mainly secures rigidity and absorbs energy when strong energy is input. In this energy absorption mechanism S, it is necessary that K1 <K2 in order to exert the function.

From this, according to the graph of FIG. 9, when the wall magnification is 1.0, the spring constant K1 of the first spring member S1 is 1.78 kN / mm or more and 3.56 kN / mm or less, and the second spring member S2 It was confirmed that the spring constant K2 was 3.56 kN / mm or more.

Similarly, from the graph of FIG. 10, when the wall magnification was 1.0 to 2.5, the lower limit value and the upper limit value of the spring constant K1 of the first spring member S1 were confirmed. The table of FIG. 11 shows the lower limit value and the upper limit value of the spring constant K1 of the first spring member S1 when the wall magnification is 1.0 to 2.5.

The range to be certified as a wall magnification of 1.0 is 1.0 or more and less than 1.5, and the range to be certified as a wall magnification of 1.5 is 1.5 or more and less than 2.0, based on the table in FIG. The range of the spring constant K1 of the first spring member S1 is summarized in Table 1.

Based on the above, by defining the conditions for the spring constants of the first spring member S1 and the second spring member S2 in the energy absorption mechanism S of the present embodiment, the energy input to the wooden building while ensuring the required wall magnification. It was confirmed that the damping ability and toughness ability could be improved.

(Structure of energy absorption mechanism)
Subsequently, the structure of the energy absorption mechanism S used in the present embodiment will be described. In the following description, the energy absorption mechanism S of the present embodiment will be referred to as a damper 1, the second spring member S2 will be referred to as a rigid member 2, and the first spring member S1 will be referred to as an elastic member 3. Note that this structure is an example, and other shapes may be used, and the present invention is not limited to this structure.

FIG. 12 is an enlarged view of the joint portion in the schematic view of FIG. 1, showing a state in which the damper 1 is used as an example of the energy absorption mechanism S according to the present embodiment and the damper 1 is attached to a pillar and a brace of a wooden building. It is a perspective view. 13 (a) and 13 (b) are a front view and a side view of the same.

As shown in FIGS. 12 and 13 (a) and 13 (b), the damper 1 is attached between the column member 100 and the brace 102 extending in an inclined direction with respect to the column member 100. Specifically, the column member 100 is abutted and joined to the lower structural member 101 (base 101) extending in the horizontally direction, and the end portion of the brace 102 abuts on the column member 100 and the base 101 at this joint portion. A damper 1 is attached between the column member 100 and the brace 102.

As shown in FIGS. 14A and 15A, the damper 1 includes a rigid member 2 and an elastic member 3. As shown in FIGS. 14 (b) and 15 (b), the rigid member 2 has a plate-shaped fixing portion 4 fixed to the column member 100 and substantially 90 to the plate-shaped fixing portion 4 via a coupling portion 6. It has a tubular fixing portion 5 which is connected to each other so as to form a degree and is fixed to the brace 102. The joint portion 6 is provided with a convex portion 9 by rib processing in order to increase the moment of inertia of area of the damper 1.

The tubular fixing portion 5 has a substantially rectangular first plate portion 5a to which the plate-shaped fixing portion 4 is continuously provided, and a first plate portion 5a having a size corresponding to the first plate portion 5a. It has a second plate portion 5b extending in parallel and a plurality of bridge portions 5c arranged side by side and connecting the first and second plate portions 5a and 5b. As a result, a gap C having a narrow width W surrounded by the first and second plate portions 5a and 5b and the bridge 5c is formed. The second plate portion 5b is arranged on the side opposite to the bending direction of the plate-shaped fixing portion 4.

The bridge portion 5c has a substantially inverted U-shape in cross section, and absorbs the energy input to the building together with the elastic member 3 by its deformation. The bridge portion 5c has a substantially inverted U shape, and the bridge portion 5c has FIGS. 14 (b) and 15 (b). As shown in the above, the first plate portion 5a is provided at the center in the width direction and at both ends in the width direction of the upper and lower parts of the first plate portion 5a. The width of each bridge portion 5c is, for example, 0.5 mm or more, and is 2 to 60% as a whole, preferably 3 to 50%, more preferably 3 to 50% of the total width of the upper part or the lower part of the first plate portion 5a. The width is set to 5 to 30%. By setting the total to at least 2% to 60% in this way, the energy input to the building can also be absorbed by the bridge portion 5c. In this embodiment, three bridge portions 5c having the same width are provided, but the width and number of the bridge portions 5c may be different.

Further, even when the adhesion with the elastic member 3 is peeled off or the rubber is broken due to some cause such as a large energy input such as a huge earthquake, the bridge portion 5c is plastically deformed to absorb the residual energy. That is, when the elastic member 3 is peeled off or the rubber is broken by the input of a large amount of energy, each bridge portion 5c acts as a fault tolerance mechanism, plastically deforms to absorb energy, and has seismic performance and vibration damping. Demonstrate the function to improve the reliability of performance.

The elastic member 3 is not only embedded in the internal space of the tubular fixing portion 5, but also forms a surface layer on the outer surface of the tubular fixing portion 5. An elastic member 3 is provided between the adjacent bridge portions 5c so as to be flush with the surface of the surface layer of the bridge portion 5c, and the elastic member 3 in the internal space and the surface layer are provided at that portion. The elastic member 3 is integrally connected.

Further, an elastic member 3 is provided at the end of the tubular fixing portion 5 on the side opposite to the side on which the plate-shaped fixing portion 4 is continuously provided so as to be flush with the surface of the surface layer of the end surface. Similarly, at that portion, the elastic member 3 in the internal space and the elastic member 3 serving as the surface layer are integrally connected. That is, in the elastic member 3, a portion 3a (see FIG. 16) inside the internal space of the tubular fixing portion 5 and a portion 3b provided as a surface layer on the outer surface are formed at the end of the tubular fixing portion 5. The portion 3c provided and the portion 3d provided between the bridge portions 5c are integrally connected.

As a result, the elastic member 3 surrounds the tubular fixing portion 5 and covers the entire tubular fixing portion 5 so that the tubular fixing portion 5 cannot be seen from the outside. The contact portion of the elastic member 3 with the tubular fixing portion 5, including the outer surface and the inner surface of the tubular fixing portion 5, is adhered to the tubular fixing portion 5, and the tubular fixing portion 5 and the elastic member 3 are attached. Will be integrated with.

In this way, the portion 3a inside the internal space of the tubular fixing portion 5 and the portion 3b provided as a surface layer on the outer surface are connected and integrated by the portion 3d provided between the bridge portions 5c. Therefore, the bonding force between the elastic member 3 and the tubular fixing portion 5 is strong. Further, since the elastic member 3 is also connected by the portion 3c provided at the end of the tubular fixing portion 5, the bonding force between the elastic member 3 and the tubular fixing portion 5 is further strengthened.

The plate-shaped fixing portion 4 of the rigid member 2 is provided with a plurality of mounting holes 4a for fixing the plate-shaped fixing portion 4 to the pillar material 100 by a plurality of first fixtures 7 (for example, wood screws). ..

Further, the elastic member 3 of the damper 1 is molded by vulcanization molding as an example, and the first plate portion 5a of the tubular fixing portion 5 has a first through hole 5d used for fixing to the brace 102. In addition, a second through hole 5e for flowing the elastic member 3 into the internal space is formed during vulcanization molding. In addition to the third through hole 5f used for fixing to the brace 102 by a plurality of second fixtures 8 (for example, wood screws) from the outside of the first plate portion 5a, the second plate portion 5b is also added. At the time of vulcanization molding, a fourth through hole 5g for the elastic member 3 to flow into the internal space is formed.

Then, as shown in FIG. 16, the second plate portion 5b is fixed to the brace 102 by the plurality of second fixtures 8 from the outside of the first plate portion 5a. As the first and second fixtures 7 and 8, nails or the like may be used instead of the wood screws, respectively.

Further, also by the damping material portion filled in the second through hole 5e and the fourth through hole 5g, a portion 3a inside the internal space of the tubular fixing portion 5 and a portion provided as a surface layer on the outer surface. Since 3b is coupled, the coupling force between the elastic member 3 and the tubular fixing portion 5 is also enhanced by this portion.

(Modification example)
As described above, the preferred embodiment of the present invention has been described with reference to the drawings, but various additions, changes or deletions can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention. For example, in addition to the damper 1 described above, the energy absorption mechanism S of the present embodiment can be implemented as follows.

In FIG. 1 of the present embodiment, the energy absorption mechanism S is provided at both ends of the brace, but the energy absorption mechanism S may be attached only to one end. In that case, at the other end portion where the energy absorption mechanism S is not provided, a fixing method having a high spring value such as bolt fastening is used to fix the brace 102, the column member 100, and the structural member 101. On the other hand, this is to make the energy absorption mechanism S at the end effective.

Further, as shown in FIGS. 17A and 17B, the second plate portion 5b'is viewed from the side of the first plate portion 5a' that is opposite to the side on which the plate-shaped fixing portion 4 is provided. The structure may be such that the shape fixing portion 4 is bent on the same side or the opposite side as the bending direction via the bridge portion 5c'. In this case, the side of the second plate portion opposite to the portion where the bridge portion 5c'is provided is in contact with the plate-shaped fixing portion 4, but a coupling structure in which a part is inserted may be used.

Further, as shown in FIG. 18, the plate-shaped fixing portion 4 is fixed only to the pillar material 100, but in addition to the pillar material 100, the plate-shaped fixing portion 4A fixed to the base 101 is also provided. It can also be provided. In this case, the plate-shaped fixing portion 4 and the plate-shaped fixing portion 4A form an angle of 90 °.

Further, as shown in FIG. 19, the internal space of the tubular fixing portion 5 is a gap C in which the elastic member 3 is not provided in the portion corresponding to the bridge portion 5c, including between the adjacent bridge portions 5c. It may be configured.

Further, although not shown, the configuration may be such that the surface layer of the elastic member 3 is not provided and the bridge portion of the rigid member 2 is not provided. That is, it is an energy absorption mechanism composed of a pair of plate-shaped rigid members configured as separate bodies and a plate-shaped elastic member sandwiched between them.

Further, although a metal plate is used for the rigid member 2, a synthetic resin plate such as FRP can also be used. Although high-damping rubber is used for the elastic member 3, another viscoelastic body such as polyurethane rubber or butyl rubber, or an elastic body such as natural rubber may be used.

(Other embodiments)
Next, embodiments A1 to A3 different from the above-described embodiment will be described. The main difference between these embodiments A1 to A3 and the above-described embodiment is that the damper 1 is installed so that a clearance is generated between the brace 102 and the column member 100 and / or the structural member 101. ..

In the A1 embodiment, as shown in FIG. 20 or 21, the damper 1 is installed so that a clearance is generated between the brace 102 and the structural material 101. In the A2 embodiment, as shown in FIG. 22 or 23, the damper 1 is installed so that a clearance is generated between the brace 102 and the column member 100. In the A3 embodiment, as shown in FIG. 24 or 25, the damper 1 is installed so that a clearance is generated between the brace 102 and the column member 100 and the structural member 101. According to these structures, the damper 1 can be applied in both the compression and tension directions of the brace, and the energy due to shaking such as an earthquake can be efficiently absorbed.

Further, the structures shown in FIGS. 26 to 28 are modifications of the embodiments A1 to A3, and the energy absorbing material 10 is separately arranged in these clearances. According to this configuration, the shaking of the building can be further absorbed by the energy absorbing material 10.

Further, the structure shown in FIG. 29 is still another embodiment B. The main difference between this embodiment B and the above embodiment is the structure of the brace. The brace 202 of the embodiment B is a brace type brace, and is installed at a joint portion between the column member 100 and the structural member 101. Then, the two dampers 1 are fixed between each end of the brace 202 and the column member 100 or the structural member 101, respectively, to absorb the shaking of the building. It should be noted that each end of the brace 202 may be in contact with the column member 100 or the structural member 101, or a structure may be provided in which a clearance is provided between them. Further, the energy absorbing material 10 may be separately arranged in this clearance.

Moreover, the structure shown in FIG. 30 is still another embodiment C. The main difference between this embodiment C and the above embodiment is the structure of the brace. The brace 302 of the embodiment C is a K-shaped brace, and is a brace extending from the vicinity of the central portion of one column member 100 toward each joint portion between the other column member 100 and the structural member 101. Then, the damper 1 is attached between one end of the brace 302 and the one pillar member 100. Further, the damper 1 is also attached to the other end portion of the brace 302 and between the other pillar member 100 and the structural member 101. It should be noted that each end of the brace 302 may be in contact with the column member 100 or the structural member 101, or a structure may be provided in which a clearance is provided between them. Further, the energy absorbing material 10 may be separately arranged in this clearance.

Further, the structure shown in FIG. 31 or FIG. 32 is still another embodiment D. The main difference between this embodiment D and the above embodiment is the presence or absence of brace. In the D embodiment, the wall material 402 is used instead of the brace, and the wall material 402 is attached to the surface composed of the pair of pillar materials 100 and the pair of structural materials 101. Then, the damper 1 is attached to the four corners where the wall material 402, the pair of pillar materials 100, and the pair of structural materials 101 are joined. In addition to the joints at the four corners, the damper 1 may have a structure that is attached between the wall material 402 and the pillar material 100, between the wall material 402 and the structural material 101, and the like.

<Second Embodiment>
(Structure of energy absorption mechanism)
Next, an embodiment different from the above-described embodiment will be described. In this embodiment, the structure of the energy absorption mechanism S is different from that described above. That is, the damper 20 has a structure different from that of the damper 1. Hereinafter, the structure of the damper 20 of this embodiment will be described.

FIG. 33 is a schematic view showing the damper 20. As shown in FIG. 33, like the damper 1, the damper 20 is attached between the column member 100 and the brace 102 extending in an inclined direction with respect to the column member 100. The major difference from the damper 1 described above is that the damper 20 has a structure in which a portion having a different spring constant is provided by using only metal without using rubber. The damper 20 is formed by processing a metal plate, and includes a first spring portion 21 having a different spring constant, a second spring portion 22, and a plate-shaped fixing portion 23.

The plate-shaped fixing portion 23 is fixed to the pillar member 100 with screws or the like. The second spring portion 22 is bent from the plate-shaped fixing portion 23 by approximately 90 degrees and is continuously provided, extends in the direction of the brace 102, and is fixed to the brace 102 with a screw or the like. The first spring portion 21 is continuously provided on the same surface as the second spring portion 22, is bent so as to form a mountain on the opposite surface to the brace 102, and is partially cut out.

Further, the second spring portion 22 continues from the rectangular portion following the plate-shaped fixing portion 23 and one end portion of the first spring portion 21, and extends beyond the first spring portion 21 to the first spring portion 21. It has a portion following the other end of the.

As a result, the first spring portion 21 has a smaller spring constant than the second spring portion 22, and absorbs vibration. On the other hand, the second spring portion 22 has a high spring constant and high rigidity. The combination of these makes it a damper that has both rigidity and absorbency and is effective against vibration.

Next, the mechanism of the damper 20 will be described. As shown in FIG. 39A, when vibration occurs, the damper 20 absorbs the vibration by deforming the mountain-folded first spring portion 21. If the vibration is large, the second spring portion 22 will be activated.

As shown in FIG. 40A, the damper 20 may have a structure covered with a rubber member so as to cover the first spring portion 21. By covering the rubber member, the spring constant is increased and the vibration resistance is improved. That is, it is possible to cope with a larger vibration than in the case of only metal.

(Modification example)
Further, FIG. 34 shows a modified example of the damper 20. As shown in FIG. 34, the damper 20 is fixed only to the pillar material by the plate-shaped fixing portion 23, whereas the damper 30 includes two plate-shaped fixing portions 33 and 34, and includes the pillar material 100 and the horizontal member. (Base) The structure is fixed to 101 with screws or the like.

Further, as shown in FIG. 35, in the damper 40, the second spring portion 22 of the damper 20 has a rectangular shape following the plate-shaped fixing portion 23, whereas the second spring portion 42 has a triangular shape. ing. The structure is such that the first spring portion 41 bent in a mountain shape continues from the triangular hypotenuse of the second spring portion 42. The damper 30 and the damper 40 may also have a structure in which the first spring portions 31 and 41 are covered with a rubber member.

(Other energy absorption mechanisms)
Next, a damper having a structure different from that described above will be described. The damper 50 shown in FIG. 36 includes a first spring portion 51, a second spring portion 52, and a plate-shaped fixing portion 53, which are formed by processing a metal plate and have different spring constants.

The plate-shaped fixing portion 53 is fixed to the pillar member 100 with screws or the like. The second spring portion 52 is bent about 90 degrees from the plate-shaped fixing portion 53 and is continuously provided, and extends in the direction of the brace 102. Further, the second spring portion 52 includes a triangular portion following the plate-shaped fixing portion 53 and a portion extending beyond the first spring portion 51 following the triangular hypotenuse and continuing to the end portion of the first spring portion 51. Have.

The first spring portion 51 is formed by being bent into a trapezoidal shape so as to continue from the triangular hypotenuse of the second spring portion 52 and project to both sides of the plate-shaped second spring portion. Specifically, a notch is provided in the plate-shaped metal plate, and is formed so as to alternately project to the front surface side and the back surface side with respect to the surface of the second spring portion 52. Then, one surface of the first spring portion 51 protruding toward the brace side is fixed to the brace 102 with a screw or the like.

As a result, the first spring portion 51 has a smaller spring constant than the second spring portion 52, and absorbs vibration. On the other hand, the second spring portion 52 has a high spring constant and high rigidity. The combination of these makes it a damper that has both rigidity and absorbency and is effective against vibration.

Next, the mechanism of the damper 50 will be described. As shown in FIG. 39B, when vibration occurs, the damper 50 absorbs the vibration by deforming the trapezoidal first spring portion 51. If the vibration is large, the second spring portion 52 will be activated.

Further, as shown in FIG. 40 (b), the damper 50 may have a structure covered with a rubber member so as to cover the first spring portion 51. By covering the rubber member, the spring constant is increased and the vibration resistance is improved. That is, it is possible to cope with a larger vibration than in the case of only metal.

Next, a damper 60 having a structure different from that of the damper 50 will be described. The damper 60 shown in FIG. 37 is different from the damper 50 in the structure of the first spring portion. The first spring portion 61 of the damper 60 projects from the surface of the second spring portion 62 to the side opposite to the brace 102. The first spring portion 61 rises vertically from the second spring portion 62, is bent and extends parallel to the surface of the second spring portion 62 from there, and is further perpendicular to the surface of the second spring portion 62 from there. It has a structure in which a substantially rectangular parallelepiped protrudes. Then, there are two substantially rectangular parallelepiped protrusions.

Further, in the damper 70 shown in FIG. 38, the damper 60 has a portion formed by the first spring portion 61 and the second spring portion 62 having a shape along the brace 102, whereas the damper 60 extends right beside the pillar member 100. It is composed of a rectangular shape. Further, as shown in FIG. 40 (c), the damper 60 and the damper 70 may also have a structure in which the first spring portions 61 and 71 are covered with a rubber member.

1 Damper 2 Rigid member 3 Elastic member 4 Plate-shaped fixing part 4a Mounting hole 5 Cylindrical fixing part 5a First plate part 5b Second plate part 5c Bridge part 5d First through hole 5e Second through hole 5f First 3 through hole 5 g 4th through hole 6 Coupling part 7 1st fixing tool 8 2nd fixing tool 9 Convex part 10 Energy absorbing material 20 Damper 21 1st spring part 22 2nd spring part 23 Plate-shaped fixing part 20 Damper 31 1st spring part 32 2nd spring part 33, 34 Plate-shaped fixing part 40 Damper 41 1st spring part 42 2nd spring part 43 Plate-shaped fixing part 50 Damper 51 1st spring part 52 2nd spring part 53 Plate-shaped Fixing part 60 Damper 61 1st spring part 62 2nd spring part 63 Plate-shaped fixing part 70 Damper 71 1st spring part 72 2nd spring part 73 Plate-shaped fixing part 100 Pillar material 101 Structural material (base)
102 Brace 202 Brace 302 Brace 402 Brace 402 Wall material C Void S Energy absorption mechanism S1 1st spring member S2 2nd spring member

Claims (13)

A wooden structure including a pair of vertically extending columns, a pair of horizontally extending structural members, and a brace extending from the center of one column toward the joint between the other column and the structural member. An energy absorption mechanism used in a building and fixed to the column material and / or the structural material and the brace material.
A first spring portion and a second spring portion are provided.
The first spring portion has a first spring constant K1 in the range of 1.5 to 7.5 kN / mm.
In the second spring portion, the second spring constant K2 is in the range of 5.0 to 30.0 kN / mm, the following mathematical formula 1 is satisfied, and the numerical value of K derived by the following mathematical formula 2 is 1.4 to 1.4 to range der of 4.9 is,
An energy absorption mechanism installed so as to create a clearance between the end portion of the brace member and the column member or the structural member.
K1 <K2 ... (Formula 1)
K = (K1 x K2) / (K1 + K2) ... (Formula 2) It is used in wooden buildings that include a pair of pillars extending in the vertical direction, a pair of structural materials extending in the horizontal direction, and a brace-shaped bracing material installed at the joint between the pillars and the structural materials. An energy absorption mechanism fixed to the column material and / or the structural material and the brace material.
A first spring portion and a second spring portion are provided.
The first spring portion has a first spring constant K1 in the range of 1.5 to 7.5 kN / mm.
In the second spring portion, the second spring constant K2 is in the range of 5.0 to 30.0 kN / mm, the following mathematical formula 1 is satisfied, and the numerical value of K derived by the following mathematical formula 2 is 1.4 to 1.4 to range der of 4.9 is,
An energy absorption mechanism installed so as to create a clearance between the end portion of the brace member and the column member or the structural member.
K1 <K2 ... (Formula 1)
K = (K1 x K2) / (K1 + K2) ... (Formula 2) It is used in a wooden building including a pair of pillars extending in the vertical direction, a pair of structural materials extending in the horizontal direction, and a wall material installed in a frame composed of the pillars and the structural materials. An energy absorbing mechanism fixed between a lumber and / or the structural material and the wall material.
A first spring portion and a second spring portion are provided.
The first spring portion has a first spring constant K1 in the range of 1.5 to 7.5 kN / mm.
In the second spring portion, the second spring constant K2 is in the range of 5.0 to 30.0 kN / mm, the following mathematical formula 1 is satisfied, and the numerical value of K derived by the following mathematical formula 2 is 1.4 to 1.4 to range der of 4.9 is,
An energy absorption mechanism installed so as to create a clearance between the wall material and the pillar material or the structural material.
K1 <K2 ... (Formula 1)
K = (K1 x K2) / (K1 + K2) ... (Formula 2) An energy absorber is arranged in the clearance.
The energy absorption mechanism according to any one of claims 1 to 3. The first spring portion includes a first plate-shaped portion made of an elastic material.
The second spring portion is made of metal or resin, and includes a second plate-shaped portion having a higher rigidity than the first spring portion.
The first plate-shaped portion and the second plate-shaped portion are joined to each other.
The energy absorption mechanism according to any one of claims 1 to 4. The second spring portion includes a pair of second plate-shaped portions.
The first plate-shaped portion is sandwiched between the pair of the second plate-shaped portions.
The energy absorption mechanism according to claim 5. The second spring portion includes a connecting portion that connects the pair of the second plate-shaped portions.
The energy absorption mechanism according to claim 6. The connecting portion is a plurality of bridges that connect the pair of the second plate-shaped portions.
The energy absorption mechanism according to claim 7. The second spring portion includes a mounting portion for fixing to the pillar material and / or the structural material.
The energy absorption mechanism according to any one of claims 5 to 8. The first plate-shaped portion, the second plate-shaped portion, and the mounting portion are provided with through holes.
The energy absorption mechanism according to claim 9. A covering portion made of an elastic material for covering the surface of the second plate-shaped portion is further provided.
The covering portion is formed integrally with the first spring portion.
The energy absorption mechanism according to any one of claims 5 to 10. The energy absorption mechanism according to claim 1 or 2, the pillar material, the structural material, and the brace material are provided.
The energy absorption mechanism is fixed to the end portion of the brace member and the column member and / or the structural member.
Wooden building. The energy absorption mechanism according to claim 3, the pillar material, the structural material, and the wall material are provided.
The energy absorption mechanism is fixed to the wall material and the pillar material and / or the structural material.
Wooden building.

Images