JP6833443B2 - Terminal system - Google Patents

Description

One aspect of the present invention relates to a terminal system having an information communication function.

One aspect of the present invention is not limited to the above technical fields. The technical field of one aspect of the invention disclosed in the present specification and the like relates to a product, a method, or a manufacturing method. Alternatively, one aspect of the invention relates to a process, machine, manufacture, or composition (composition of matter). Therefore, more specifically, the technical fields of one aspect of the present invention disclosed in the present specification include semiconductor devices, display devices, lighting devices, power storage devices, storage devices, image pickup devices, their driving methods, or their driving methods. The manufacturing method can be given as an example.

In the present specification and the like, the semiconductor device refers to all devices that can function by utilizing the semiconductor characteristics. Transistors and semiconductor circuits are one aspect of semiconductor devices. Further, the display device, the lighting device, the power storage device, the storage device, the image pickup device, and the electronic device may have a semiconductor device.

In recent years, information terminals such as smartphones and tablet terminals have become widespread, and data communication and browsing of electronic books can be performed with simple operations. Further, in the field of display devices provided in information terminals, the development of low power consumption technology capable of operating for a long time with a battery having a limited capacity is competing. For example, Patent Document 1 discloses a low power consumption liquid crystal display device in which a transistor having an oxide semiconductor is provided in a pixel and the transistor is turned off to hold an image signal in the pixel for a long time.

Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2011-141522

An information terminal provided with a display device can be used as a substitute for a paper-based textbook, study notebook, or the like in the field of education or the like. The quality of education can be expected to improve by appropriately using the display function, input function, communication function, etc. of information terminals. In addition, since a plurality of books such as textbooks can be stored in one information terminal, portability is improved and the books can be actively used outdoors.

However, since it is assumed that one information terminal is continuously used, it is desired that the information terminal operates with low power consumption. Further, it is desired to provide a display device having good visibility even outdoors in fine weather.

Therefore, one aspect of the present invention is to provide a terminal system using an information terminal having low power consumption. Alternatively, one of the purposes is to provide a terminal system using an information terminal capable of bidirectional communication via a server. Alternatively, the first information terminal provides a terminal system that transmits data to the second information terminal via the first route, and the second information terminal provides a terminal system that transmits data to the first information terminal via the second route. That is one of the purposes. Another object of the present invention is to provide a terminal system having a display device having good visibility even under strong light. Alternatively, one of the purposes is to provide a new terminal system.

The description of these issues does not prevent the existence of other issues. It should be noted that one aspect of the present invention does not need to solve all of these problems. Issues other than these are naturally clarified from the description of the description, drawings, claims, etc., and it is possible to extract issues other than these from the description of the description, drawings, claims, etc. Is.

One aspect of the present invention relates to a management system for efficiently performing information communication between a first terminal and a second terminal.

One aspect of the present invention is a terminal system having a first terminal, a second terminal, and a server, and the first terminal and the second terminal exchange information with each other via the server. The first terminal has a first display unit, the second terminal has a second display unit, and the first and second display units have a first display element and a second display unit. The first terminal generates the first data and displays the data on the first display unit using the first display element, and the first terminal has the first display element. Data is stored in the server, the second terminal reads the first data from the server, and the second terminal displays the first data on the second display unit using the first display element. The second terminal generates the second data and displays it on the second display unit using the second display element, and the second terminal stores the second data in the server. The first terminal is a terminal system that reads the second data from the server, and the first terminal displays the second data on the first display unit using the second display element.

The first display element and the second display element can rewrite the data at the first frame frequency or the second frame frequency, and the second frame frequency is a value smaller than the first frame frequency. Until the first terminal updates the second data and then updates the second data, the second display element of the first display unit has a second display element at the second frame frequency. The data is rewritten, the second display element of the second display unit rewrites the second data at the first frame frequency, the second terminal updates the first data, and then Until the first data is updated, the first display element of the first display unit rewrites the first data at the first frame frequency, and the first display unit of the second display unit has the first data. The display element can rewrite the first data at the second frame frequency.

The first display element and the second display element can be provided in the same pixel unit.

The first display element may have a function of reflecting visible light, and the second display element may have a function of emitting visible light.

It is preferable that the first display element and the second display element are electrically connected to a transistor containing a metal oxide in the semiconductor layer on which the channel is formed.

By using one aspect of the present invention, it is possible to provide a terminal system using an information terminal having low power consumption. Alternatively, it is possible to provide a terminal system using an information terminal capable of bidirectional communication via a server. Alternatively, the first information terminal provides a terminal system that transmits data to the second information terminal via the first route, and the second information terminal provides a terminal system that transmits data to the first information terminal via the second route. be able to. Alternatively, it is possible to provide a terminal system having a display device having good visibility even under strong light. Alternatively, a new terminal system can be provided.

It should be noted that one aspect of the present invention is not limited to these effects. For example, one aspect of the present invention may have effects other than these effects in some cases or, depending on the circumstances. Alternatively, for example, one aspect of the present invention may not have these effects in some cases or in some circumstances.

A block diagram illustrating a terminal system. The figure explaining the display of a terminal. The figure explaining the idling stop drive. A flowchart illustrating the operation of the terminal system. A flowchart illustrating the operation of the terminal system. The figure explaining the example which applied the terminal system. The figure explaining the example which applied the terminal system. The figure explaining the example which applied the terminal system. The figure explaining the pixel unit. The figure explaining the pixel unit. The figure explaining the circuit of the display device and the top view of a pixel. The figure explaining the circuit of the display device. The figure explaining the circuit of the display device and the top view of a pixel. The figure explaining the structure of the display device. The figure explaining the structure of the display device. The figure explaining the structure of the display device. The figure explaining the structure of the display device. The figure explaining the structure of the display device. The figure explaining the information terminal.

The embodiment will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to the following description, and it is easily understood by those skilled in the art that the form and details of the present invention can be variously changed without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not construed as being limited to the description of the embodiments shown below. In the configuration of the invention described below, the same reference numerals may be used in common between different drawings for the same parts or parts having similar functions, and the repeated description thereof may be omitted. It should be noted that the hatching of the same element constituting the drawing may be omitted or changed as appropriate between different drawings.

(Embodiment 1)
In the present embodiment, the terminal system according to one aspect of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

One aspect of the present invention is a terminal system having a first terminal, a second terminal, and a server, and the first terminal and the second terminal exchange information with each other via the server. Can be done. Further, the first and second terminals each have a first display element and a second display element in the display unit, and the first display element and the second display element have different image data. Can be displayed.

The first terminal displays the generated first data on the first display element and transmits it to the server. The second terminal uses the first display element to display the first data read from the server. Further, the second terminal displays the generated second data by the second display element and transmits the generated second data to the server. The first terminal uses the second display element to display the second data read from the server.

By properly using the display elements in this way, the data updated by the first terminal and the second terminal can be easily shared without colliding with each other.

Further, until the first terminal updates the second data and then updates the second data, the second display element possessed by the first terminal does not rewrite the second data. It can be displayed or displayed with less frequency of rewriting. Further, until the second terminal updates the first data and then updates the first data, the first display element possessed by the second terminal does not rewrite the first data. It can be displayed or displayed with less frequency of rewriting.

By reducing the frequency of rewriting the image data in this way, the power consumption of the first terminal and the second terminal can be reduced.

By using such a system in the field of education, the teaching side can easily share information with the teaching side, and the quality of education can be expected to be improved. Further, by using the first terminal and the second terminal having low power consumption, it is possible to save the trouble of charging that hinders the lesson. In this specification, as an example, the teaching side is referred to as a teacher and the teaching side is referred to as a student, but the users of the system are not limited.

FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of a terminal system 10 according to an aspect of the present invention, and includes a server 11, a first terminal 12, a second terminal 13 (13a to 13c), and a connecting device 14. The number of second terminals 13 is not limited.

The server 11 is a device that manages data, and is connected to the first terminal 12 and the second terminal 13 via the connecting device 14. For example, the server 11 is installed on the premises and can be connected by a wired LAN or a wireless LAN. Alternatively, the server 11 installed outside the premises may be connected via the Internet. As the connecting device 14, for example, any device such as a router, a hub, a modem, or an ONU (optical network unit) can be used. Alternatively, some of these devices may be used in combination.

For the first terminal 12 and the second terminal 13, for example, a portable information terminal can be used. A tablet terminal or a smartphone type terminal can be used as the information terminal, and it has a display unit, a microphone, a speaker, and the like, and can input and output information by touch operation and the like. In addition, various information such as images, moving images, and books can be stored in the internal memory. As a communication means, it has a transmitter / receiver such as a wired LAN, a wireless LAN (Wi-Fi (registered trademark)), and an LTE (Long Term Evolution), and can exchange data with the outside.

As shown in FIG. 2, the first terminal 12 and the second terminal 13 have a display unit 21. The display unit 21 has a first display element and a second display element. As the first display element, for example, a reflective liquid crystal element can be used. Further, as the second display element, for example, a light emitting element or a transmissive liquid crystal element can be used.

The reflective liquid crystal element can operate with low power consumption, and the light emitting element and the slightly transmissive liquid crystal element can display with high visibility.

For example, in strong light such as outdoors, by performing the display in the first mode using the first display element, the visibility can be improved and the power consumption can be suppressed. Further, in low light such as indoors, the visibility can be improved by performing the display in the second mode using the second display element. Further, the display may be performed in the third mode in which the first display element and the second display element are used in combination. In the third mode, the first display element and the second display element can display different image data.

FIG. 2 is an example in which the first terminal 12 and the second terminal 13 efficiently use the third mode. For example, the character 22 is displayed in monochrome by the first display element, and the underline 23 and the highlighted portion 24 of the character 22 are displayed in color by the second display element, so that a display with low power consumption and high visibility can be obtained. It can be carried out.

Further, it is preferable that each of the first display element and the second display element is electrically connected as a writing transistor for image data to a transistor having a metal oxide in the channel region (hereinafter referred to as an OS transistor). .. The OS transistor has an extremely small off current, and can hold the potential written as image data for a long time. Therefore, in a plurality of frame periods, so-called idling stop drive capable of maintaining the image display without newly writing the image data becomes possible.

In the idling stop drive, the image data written in the pixels can be held for two or more frames. As a result, the frequency of rewriting the image data can be reduced, so that the power consumption can be reduced.

Since the reflective liquid crystal element that can be used as the first display element does not require a backlight, the power consumption of the pixel portion is only the power consumption of the circuit operation. Therefore, it is particularly effective to drive the pixel having the first display element in idling stop, and the power consumption of the pixel portion can be reduced in proportion to the rewriting frequency.

An example of the above-mentioned idling stop drive will be described with reference to FIGS. 3A to 3C.

FIG. 3A illustrates a circuit diagram of a pixel composed of a liquid crystal element 63 and a pixel circuit 61. FIG. 3A illustrates the transistor M1, the capacitive element Cs _LC, and the liquid crystal element LC connected to the signal line SL and the gate line GL.

FIG. 3B is a timing chart showing waveforms of signals given to the signal line SL and the gate line GL in the normal drive mode other than the idling stop drive. In the normal drive mode, it can be operated at a normal frame frequency (for example, 60 Hz).

When each period of continuous frames at the frame frequency is T ₁ , T ₂ , and T ₃ , a scanning signal is given to the gate line in each frame period, and the data D _{1 of the} signal line is written to the pixel. This operation is the same regardless of whether the same data D _{1 is written at T 1} , T ₂ , or T ₃ or different data is written.

FIG. 3C is a timing chart showing waveforms of signals given to the signal line SL and the gate line GL in the idling stop drive. In the idling stop drive, it can be operated at a low frame frequency (for example, 1 Hz).

Figure 3, (C), represents the frame period in the frame frequency T _1, the period for writing the data therein T _W, a period for holding data at T _RET. Idling stop driving gives the scanning signal to the gate lines in a period T _W, write data D ₁ of the signal line to the pixel, fix the gate line to the low level voltage at time T _RET, the transistor M1 as a non-conductive state The operation of holding the once written data D ₁ in the pixel is performed.

Here, by using an OS transistor as the transistor M1, it is possible to hold the _{data D 1 for a long time due to its low off current.} Further, although FIGS. 3 (A) to 3 (C) show an example in which the liquid crystal element LC is used, the idling stop drive can be similarly performed by using a light emitting element such as an organic EL element.

Note that in the circuit diagram shown in FIG. 3 (A), the liquid crystal element LC is the leak path of the data _{D 1.} Therefore, in order to properly perform the idling stop drive, ^{it is preferable that the resistivity of the liquid crystal element LC is 1.0 × 10 14} Ω · cm or more.

The first terminal 12 can update the first data. The first terminal 12 can display the generated first data by using the first display element. The generated first data can be transmitted to the server 11. The server 11 can store the first data and transmit it to the second terminal 13. In the second terminal 13, the image of the first display element can be changed according to the received first data.

By this operation, for example, the information transmitted by the teacher using the first terminal 12 can be simultaneously displayed on a plurality of second terminals 13 used by the students.

On the other hand, the second terminal 13 can update the second data. The second terminal 13 can display the generated second data by using the second display element. The generated second data is transmitted to the server 11. The server 11 can store the second data and transmit it to the first terminal 12. Alternatively, the data processing of the second data can be performed according to the command of the first terminal 12 or the like, and the processed data can be transmitted to the first terminal 12. In the first terminal 12, the image of the second display element can be changed according to the received second data or the data obtained by processing the second data.

By this operation, for example, the first terminal 12 used by the teacher can receive the second data transmitted from the second terminal 13 used by the student, and the updated information by the student is displayed. Can be done. Alternatively, in the first terminal 12 used by the teacher, a desired terminal is selected from the plurality of second terminals 13, and second data or second data transmitted from the desired second terminal 13 is selected. Data processed data can be received and displayed.

By performing such control, the updated data in the first terminal 12 and the second terminal 13 can be easily shared with each other without colliding with each other.

Next, the operation when the first data updated by the first terminal 12 is transmitted to the second terminal 13 and shared will be described with reference to the flowchart shown in FIG. It should be noted that the first terminal 12 and the second terminal 13 are in the activated state, and the display is performed in the above-mentioned third mode.

First, in the first terminal 12, it is determined whether or not to update the first data (FIG. 4: S1). When updating, the first terminal 12 updates the first data. The first data can be generated by means for importing new data from an external server or media, keyboard input, mouse input, touch input using a stylus, or the like (FIG. 4: S2). The first data is displayed by the first display element included in the first terminal 12.

Next, the first terminal 12 determines whether or not to confirm the update of the first data (FIG. 4: S3). When confirming the update of the first data, the first terminal 12 transmits new first data to the server 11 (FIG. 4: S4).

The server 11 receives the first data updated by the first terminal 12 (FIG. 4: S5). After that, the server 11 determines whether or not to transmit the received first data to the second terminal 13 (FIG. 4: S6). When transmitting, the server 11 transmits the received first data to the second terminal 13 (FIG. 4: S7).

The second terminal 13 receives new first data from the server 11, and displays the first data on the first display element of the second terminal 13 (FIG. 4: S9). After S9, the idling stop drive is performed using the first data. In the period before S9, the second terminal 13 is driven to stop idling based on the first data received previously (FIG. 4: S8). That is, while the first terminal 12 is modifying the first data, the first display element of the second terminal 13 can be driven to stop idling, and power consumption can be reduced.

The above is the description of the operation of transmitting and sharing the first data updated by the first terminal 12 to the second terminal 13. In the above operation, since the image of the first terminal 12 may change frequently in the process of updating the first data, the frame frequency when writing the image data to the first display element is relatively large. It is preferably a value. For example, the frame frequency can be about 30 Hz to 120 Hz.

Next, the operation when the second data updated by the second terminal 13 is transmitted to the first terminal 12 and shared will be described with reference to the flowchart shown in FIG. The operation is performed in parallel with the operation of the flowchart shown in FIG.

First, the second terminal 12 determines whether or not to update the second data (FIG. 5: S1). When updating, the second terminal 13 updates the second data. The second data can be generated by touch input using keyboard input, mouse input, stylus, or the like (FIG. 5: S2). The second data is displayed by the second display element included in the second terminal 13.

Next, the second terminal 13 determines whether or not to confirm the update of the second data (FIG. 5: S3). When confirming the update of the second data, the second terminal 13 transmits the new second data to the server 11 (FIG. 5: S4). At this time, the second terminal 13 may send the determination code that can identify the terminal or the user to the server 11 attached to the second data.

The server 11 receives and stores the second data and the determination code updated by the second terminal 13 (FIG. 5: S5).

The first terminal 12 requests the desired data from the server 11 (FIG. 5: S9). Specifically, a desired discrimination code is required. It is also possible to request that the server 11 process the data of the plurality of second terminals 13 received. Here, as the processing content requested by the first terminal 12, for example, there is a processing of identifying the second data transmitted from the plurality of second terminals 13 and calculating the ratio thereof.

The server 11 processes the second data received according to the instruction of the first terminal 12 (FIG. 5: S6). Specifically, the server 11 extracts the second data regarding the code desired by the first terminal 12. Further, when the first terminal 12 requests that the data of the plurality of second terminals 13 be processed, the data is processed according to the request.

After that, the server 11 transmits the second data to the first terminal 12 (FIG. 5: S7). The second data includes data processed based on the second data.

The first terminal 12 receives new second data from the server 11, and displays the second data on the second display element of the first terminal 12 (S10). After S10, the idling stop drive is performed using the second data. In the period before S10, the first terminal 12 is driven to stop idling based on the second data previously received (S8). That is, while the second terminal 13 is modifying the second data, the second display element of the first terminal 12 can be driven to stop idling, and power consumption can be reduced.

The above is the description of the operation of transmitting and sharing the second data updated by the second terminal 13 to the first terminal 12. In the above operation, since the image of the second terminal 13 may change frequently in the process of updating the second data, the frame frequency when writing the image data to the second display element is relatively large. It is preferably a value. For example, the frame frequency can be about 30 Hz to 120 Hz.

The configuration shown in this embodiment can be used in combination with the configuration shown in other embodiments as appropriate.

(Embodiment 2)
In the present embodiment, a specific example in which the terminal system described in the first embodiment is applied to the education support service will be described. The education support service is intended for classes at schools, and for example, a teacher uses a first terminal 12 and a student uses a second terminal 13. Further, the first terminal 12 and the second terminal 13 have a touch sensor, and an input operation can be performed using a stylus or the like.

In the education support service, the information updated on the first terminal 12 can be distributed to a plurality of second terminals 13. Further, the information updated by the first terminal 12 is updated by the first display element of the second terminal 13. In addition, the second terminal 13 can update the information displayed by the second display element.

FIG. 6 is a first example and shows the operation of the first terminal 12 and the operation of the second terminal 13.

First, by time T0, specific image data 25 is displayed on the display units of the first terminal 12 and the second terminal 13 by the first display element. The image data 25 is the first data generated by the first terminal 12 and read out by the second terminal 13 before the time T0. At this time, the image is not displayed on the second display element in the display unit of the first terminal 12 and the second terminal 13.

At time T1, the display information is updated on the first terminal 12. At this point, the display information is not updated on the second terminal 13. Therefore, during the period from T0 to T1, the first display element of the second terminal 13 can be driven to stop idling.

At time T2, the display information is further updated on the first terminal 12. Even at this point, the display information is not updated on the second terminal 13. Therefore, even during the period from T1 to T2, the first display element of the second terminal 13 can be driven to stop idling.

At time T3, the transmission icon 27 is touched on the first terminal 12. At this time, the image data 26 displayed on the first terminal 12 is transmitted to the server 11 as the first data. The server 11 can receive the first data and transmit it to the second terminal 13. Therefore, the image data 26 is displayed on the second terminal 13.

In the second terminal 13, the display information can be updated at an arbitrary timing from the time T0 to the time T3. For example, as shown in the second terminal 13 at time T2, the underline 36 and the like can be displayed by the input operation. Here, the update of the display information such as the addition of the underline 36 is performed by the second display element.

The image data transmitted from the server 11 is displayed by the first display element, and the image data that can be updated by the second terminal 13 is displayed by the second display element. By operating in this way, both the image data updated on the first terminal 12 and the image data updated on the second terminal 13 are displayed without performing complicated processing such as image composition. be able to. The image data updated by the second terminal 13 can also be displayed by the second display element of the first terminal 12.

The number of the first terminals 12 and the number of the second terminals 13 are not limited. For example, information can be shared within one class. Information can also be shared within the school. Further, by connecting the server 11 to the Internet, information can be shared globally.

FIG. 7 is a second example and shows the operation of the first terminal 12 and the operation of the second terminal 13. In the second example, it is assumed that the terminal system is used when conducting a test at school.

First, the teacher generates the image data 28 for the problem on the first terminal 12, and transmits the image data 28 to the second terminal 13 by touching the transmission icon 27. This state is set to time T0. At time T0, the display units of the first terminal 12 and the second terminal 13 display the image data 28 on the first display element. After that, the student looks at the image data 28 displayed on the second terminal 13 and gives an answer.

At time T1, the teacher deletes a part of the image data 28 for the problem displayed on the first terminal 12 in order to correct the problem. At this time, the display of the second terminal 13 does not change. Therefore, during the period from T0 to T1, the first display element of the second terminal 13 can be driven to stop idling.

Further, it is assumed that the answer as shown in the figure is given by the second terminal 13 at time T1. In this case, the image data 29 detected by the touch sensor of the second terminal 13 is displayed by the second display element of the second terminal 13.

At time T2, the teacher completes the correction of the problem and generates the image data 30. Even at this point, the display information is not updated on the second terminal 13. Therefore, even during the period from T1 to T2, the first display element of the second terminal 13 can be driven to stop idling.

At time T3, the transmission icon 27 is touched on the first terminal 12. At this time, the image data 30 displayed on the first terminal 12 is transmitted to the server 11 as the first data. The server 11 can receive the first data and transmit it to the second terminal 13. Therefore, the image data 30 is displayed on the second terminal 13. By displaying the image data transmitted from the server 11 on the first display element, the image data 29 generated before the time T3 and displayed on the second display element is not lost.

FIG. 8A is a third example, showing the operation of the first terminal 12 and the operation of the second terminals 13a to 13c. In the third example, it is assumed that the answer information of the test input by the student to the second terminal 13 is reflected and displayed on the first terminal 12 used by the teacher.

First, the teacher generates the image data 31 for the problem on the first terminal 12, and transmits the image data 31 to the second terminals 13a to 13c. This state is set to time T0. At time T0, the display units of the first terminal 12 and the second terminals 13a to 13c display the image data 31 on the first display element. After that, the student looks at the image data 31 displayed on the second terminal 13 and gives an answer.

The first terminal 12 has a selection icon 32 for selecting the second terminals 13a to 13c, and by touching the selection icon 32, the data of any of the second terminals 13a to 13c can be confirmed. it can.

It is assumed that the answer as shown in the figure is given at the second terminals 13a to 13c at the time T1.
In this case, the image data 33a to 33c detected by the touch sensor of the second terminal 13 are displayed by the respective second display elements of the second terminals 13a to 13c.

At time T2, the selection icon 32 for selecting the second terminal 13b on the first terminal 12 is touched. Then, at time T3, the image data 33b, which is the answer result of the selected second terminal 13b, is reflected and displayed on the first terminal 12. Here, the image data 33b displayed on the first terminal 12 is displayed on the second display element.

By the above operation, the answer result of any one of the second terminals 13a to 13c can be confirmed on the first terminal 12.

FIG. 8B is a modified example of the third example, and shows the operation of the first terminal 12. The operation of the second terminals 13a to 13c is the same as that in FIG. 8A. The example of FIG. 8B is different from FIG. 8A in that the first terminal 12 displays the calculation icon 34 for executing the desired arithmetic processing.

First, at time T0 and time T1, the same operation as in FIG. 8A is performed.

At time T2, when the calculation icon 34 is touched on the first terminal 12, the server 11 performs the arithmetic processing desired by the teacher. Here, the selection rate of the answer options is calculated, but other calculations may be used.

At time T3, the calculation result 35 of the selection rate is displayed. The calculation result 35 of the selectivity is displayed on the second display element.

By performing the above operation, the answer information of the second terminals 13a to 13c can be confirmed on the first terminal 12. In addition, the operation can also be used as a questionnaire collection service, and questionnaire collection can be performed using a large number of second terminals 13 and the result can be displayed on the first terminal 12.

In the operations of FIGS. 8A and 8B, since the display of the image data 31, the selection icon 32, and the calculation icon 34 is not updated on the first terminal 12 between the times T0 and T3, the period is concerned. Can drive the first display element to idling stop. Further, when changing the display colors of the selection icon 32 and the calculation icon 34 at the times T2 and T3, the display may be changed by using the second display element.

Further, even in the second terminal 13, since the image data 31 is not updated between the times T0 and T3, the first display element can be driven to stop idling during the period.

The configuration shown in this embodiment can be used in combination with the configuration shown in other embodiments as appropriate.

(Embodiment 3)
In the present embodiment, a display device that can be used for the terminal of one aspect of the present invention and a method of driving the display device will be described.

As the display device of one aspect of the present invention, for example, a hybrid display can be preferably used. The hybrid display can perform a hybrid display.

The hybrid display is a method of displaying characters or images on one panel by using reflected light and self-luminous light in combination to complement each other in color tone or light intensity. Alternatively, the hybrid display is a method of displaying characters and / or images from a plurality of display elements in the same pixel or the same sub-pixel using their respective lights. However, when a hybrid display performing hybrid display is locally viewed, it is displayed using two or more of a pixel or a sub-pixel displayed using any one of a plurality of display elements and a plurality of display elements. It may have a pixel or a sub-pixel.

In the present specification and the like, a display that satisfies any one or more of the above configurations is referred to as a hybrid display.

Further, the hybrid display has a plurality of display elements in the same pixel or the same sub-pixel. Examples of the plurality of display elements include a reflective element that reflects light and a self-luminous element that emits light. The reflective element and the self-luminous element can be controlled independently of each other. The hybrid display has a function of displaying characters and / or images in the display unit by using either one or both of reflected light and self-luminous light.

The display device of one aspect of the present invention can have pixels provided with a first display element that reflects visible light. Alternatively, it may have a pixel provided with a second display element that emits visible light. Alternatively, it may have a pixel provided with a third display element that transmits visible light. Alternatively, it may have a pixel provided with a first display element and a second display element or a third display element.

In the present embodiment, a display device including a first display element that reflects visible light and a second display element that emits visible light will be described.

The display device has a function of displaying an image by one or both of the first light reflected by the first display element and the second light emitted by the second display element. Alternatively, the display device has a function of expressing gradation by controlling the amount of first light reflected by the first display element and the amount of second light emitted by the second display element, respectively. Has.

Further, the display device controls the amount of light emitted from the first pixel and the second display element to express the gradation by controlling the amount of reflected light of the first display element. It is preferable to have a configuration having a second pixel to be represented. A plurality of the first pixel and the second pixel are arranged in a matrix, for example, to form a display unit.

Further, it is preferable that the first pixel and the second pixel are arranged in the display area with the same number and the same pitch. At this time, the adjacent first pixel and second pixel can be collectively called a pixel unit. As a result, as will be described later, both the image displayed only by the plurality of first pixels, the image displayed only by the plurality of second pixels, and the plurality of first pixels and the plurality of second pixels. Each of the images displayed in can be displayed in the same display area.

As the first display element included in the first pixel, an element that reflects and displays external light can be used. Since such an element does not have a light source, it is possible to extremely reduce the power consumption at the time of display.

As the first display element, a reflective liquid crystal element can be typically used. Alternatively, as the first display element, in addition to a shutter type MEMS (Micro Electro Mechanical System) element and an optical interference type MEMS element, a microcapsule type, an electrophoresis method, an electrowetting method, and an electron powder fluid (registered trademark). An element or the like to which a method or the like is applied can be used.

The second display element included in the second pixel has a light source, and an element that displays using the light from the light source can be used. In particular, it is preferable to use an electroluminescent element that can extract light emission from a luminescent substance by applying an electric field. The light emitted by such pixels has high color reproducibility (wide color gamut) and high contrast, that is, a vivid display because its brightness and chromaticity are not affected by external light. be able to.

As the second display element, for example, a self-luminous light emitting element such as an OLED (Organic Light Emitting Side), an LED (Light Emitting Side), a QLED (Quantum-dot Light Emitting Side), or a semiconductor laser can be used. Alternatively, as the display element included in the second pixel, a combination of a backlight as a light source and a transmissive liquid crystal element that controls the amount of transmitted light from the backlight may be used.

The first pixel can be configured to have, for example, a sub-pixel exhibiting white (W), or a sub-pixel exhibiting three colors of light, for example, red (R), green (G), and blue (B). .. Similarly, the second pixel also has a configuration having, for example, a sub-pixel exhibiting white (W), or a sub-pixel exhibiting three colors of light, for example, red (R), green (G), and blue (B). can do. The sub-pixels of the first pixel and the second pixel may have four or more colors. The more types of sub-pixels, the more power consumption can be reduced and the color reproducibility can be improved.

One aspect of the present invention is a first mode in which an image is displayed in the first pixel, a second mode in which the image is displayed in the second pixel, and an image is displayed in the first pixel and the second pixel. The third mode can be switched. Further, as shown in the first embodiment, different image signals can be input to each of the first pixel and the second pixel to display a composite image.

The first mode is a mode in which an image is displayed using the light reflected by the first display element. The first mode is a drive mode with extremely low power consumption because a light source is not required. For example, it is effective when the illuminance of the outside light is sufficiently high and the outside light is white light or light in the vicinity thereof. The first mode is a display mode suitable for displaying character information such as books and documents. In addition, since the reflected light is used, the display can be displayed in a manner that is easy on the eyes, and the effect that the eyes are not tired is achieved.

The second mode is a mode in which an image is displayed by utilizing the light emitted by the second display element. Therefore, extremely vivid (high contrast and high color reproducibility) display can be performed regardless of the illuminance and chromaticity of external light. For example, it is effective when the illuminance of outside light is extremely low, such as at night or in a dark room. In addition, when the outside light is dark, the user may feel dazzling when the display is bright. In order to prevent this, it is preferable to display with reduced brightness in the second mode. As a result, in addition to suppressing glare, power consumption can also be reduced. The second mode is a mode suitable for displaying a vivid image, a smooth moving image, or the like.

The third mode is a mode in which display is performed by using both the reflected light from the first display element and the light emission from the second display element. Specifically, it is driven so as to express one color by mixing the light exhibited by the first pixel and the light exhibited by the second pixel adjacent to the first pixel. It is possible to reduce the power consumption as compared with the second mode while displaying more vividly than the first mode. For example, it is effective when the illuminance of the outside light is relatively low such as under indoor lighting or in the morning or evening time, or when the chromaticity of the outside light is not white.

Hereinafter, a more specific example of one aspect of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

[Display device configuration example]

FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating a pixel array 40 included in the display device of one aspect of the present invention. The pixel array 40 has a plurality of pixel units 45 arranged in a matrix. The pixel unit 45 has pixels 46 and pixels 47.

FIG. 9 shows an example in which the pixels 46 and the pixels 47 have display elements corresponding to the three colors of red (R), green (G), and blue (B), respectively.

The pixel 46 has a display element 46R corresponding to red (R), a display element 46G corresponding to green (G), and a display element 46B corresponding to blue (B). The display elements 46R, 46G, and 46B are second display elements that utilize the light of the light source, respectively.

The pixel 47 has a display element 47R corresponding to red (R), a display element 47G corresponding to green (G), and a display element 47B corresponding to blue (B). Each of the display elements 47R, 47G, and 47B is a first display element that utilizes the reflection of external light.

Here, it is preferable that the first display element and the second display element have an overlapping region, and the distance between them is as small as possible. For example, when a liquid crystal element is used for the first display element and a light emitting element is used for the second display element, the distance between the counter electrode (common electrode) of the first display element and the light emitting portion of the second display element is , Less than 30 μm, preferably less than 10 μm, more preferably less than 5 μm.

By reducing the distance between the two as described above, for example, the light emitted from the first display element of a certain pixel and the light emitted from the second display element of an adjacent pixel are less likely to be mixed. Therefore, a clear image can be obtained. Further, by shortening the optical path of the light emitted from the second display element, the attenuation of the light can be reduced. Further, the thickness of the entire display device can be reduced. It is also suitable for producing a flexible display device.

The above is the description of the configuration example of the display device.

[Pixel unit configuration example]
Subsequently, the pixel unit 45 will be described with reference to FIGS. 10A, 10B, and 10C. 10 (A), (B), and (C) are schematic views showing a configuration example of the pixel unit 45.

The pixel 46 includes a display element 46R, a display element 46G, and a display element 46B. The display element 46R has a light source, and emits red light R2 having a brightness corresponding to the gradation value corresponding to the red color included in the second gradation value input to the pixel 46 toward the display surface side. Similarly, the display element 46G and the display element 46B also emit green light G2 or blue light B2 toward the display surface side.

The pixel 47 includes a display element 47R, a display element 47G, and a display element 47B. The display element 47R reflects external light and emits red light R1 having a brightness corresponding to the gradation value corresponding to the red color included in the first gradation value input to the pixel 47 to the display surface side. .. Similarly, the display element 47G and the display element 47B also emit green light G1 or blue light B1 toward the display surface side.

[First mode]
FIG. 10A shows an example of an operation mode in which the display element 47R, the display element 47G, and the display element 47B that reflect external light are driven to display an image. As shown in FIG. 10A, the pixel unit 45 does not drive the pixel 46, for example, when the illuminance of the outside light is sufficiently high, and the light from the pixel 47 (light R1, light G1, and light) By mixing only B1), light 55 of a predetermined color can be emitted to the display surface side. As a result, it is possible to drive with extremely low power consumption.

[Second mode]
FIG. 10B shows an example of an operation mode in which the display element 46R, the display element 46G, and the display element 46B are driven to display an image. As shown in FIG. 10B, the pixel unit 45 does not drive the pixel 47, for example, when the illuminance of the outside light is extremely small, and the light from the pixel 46 (light R2, light G2, and light B2). ) Can be mixed to emit light 55 of a predetermined color toward the display surface side. This makes it possible to perform a vivid display. Further, by lowering the brightness when the illuminance of the outside light is low, the glare felt by the user can be suppressed and the power consumption can be reduced.

[Third mode]
FIG. 10C shows an operation of driving both the display element 47R, the display element 47G, and the display element 47B that reflect external light, and the display element 46R, the display element 46G, and the display element 46B that emit light to display an image. An example of the mode is shown. As shown in FIG. 10C, the pixel unit 45 mixes six lights, light R1, light G1, light B1, light R2, light G2, and light B2, to produce light 55 of a predetermined color. It can be ejected to the display surface side.

The above is the description of the configuration example of the pixel unit 45.

This embodiment can be implemented in combination with at least a part thereof as appropriate with other embodiments described in the present specification.

(Embodiment 4)
Hereinafter, an example of a display panel that can be used in the display device of one aspect of the present invention will be described. The display panel illustrated below is a display panel having both a reflective liquid crystal element and a light emitting element and capable of displaying both a transmission mode and a reflection mode.

[Configuration example]
FIG. 11A is a block diagram showing an example of the configuration of the display device 400. The display device 400 has a plurality of pixels 410 arranged in a matrix on the display unit 362. Further, the display device 400 has a circuit GD and a circuit SD. It also has a plurality of pixels 410 arranged in the direction R, a plurality of wirings G1 electrically connected to the circuit GD, a plurality of wirings G2, a plurality of wirings ANO, and a plurality of wirings CSCOM. Further, it has a plurality of pixels 410 arranged in the direction C, a plurality of wirings S1 electrically connected to the circuit SD, and a plurality of wirings S2.

Although the configuration having one circuit GD and one circuit SD is shown here for the sake of simplicity, the circuit GD and the circuit SD for driving the liquid crystal element and the circuit GD and the circuit SD for driving the light emitting element are separated. It may be provided in.

The pixel 410 includes a reflective liquid crystal element and a light emitting element. In pixel 410, the liquid crystal element and the light emitting element have a portion that overlaps with each other.

FIG. 11B1 shows a configuration example of the conductive layer 311b included in the pixel 410. The conductive layer 311b functions as a reflective electrode of the liquid crystal element in the pixel 410. Further, the conductive layer 311b is provided with an opening 451.

In FIG. 11 (B1), the light emitting element 360 located in the region overlapping the conductive layer 311b is shown by a broken line. The light emitting element 360 is arranged so as to overlap the opening 451 of the conductive layer 311b. As a result, the light emitted by the light emitting element 360 is emitted toward the display surface side through the opening 451.

In FIG. 11 (B1), the pixels 410 adjacent to the direction R are pixels corresponding to different colors. At this time, as shown in FIG. 11B, it is preferable that the two pixels adjacent to the direction R are provided at different positions of the conductive layer 311b so that the openings 451 are not arranged in a row. As a result, the two light emitting elements 360 can be separated from each other, and a phenomenon (also referred to as crosstalk) in which the light emitted by the light emitting element 360 is incident on the colored layer of the adjacent pixel 410 can be suppressed. Further, since the two adjacent light emitting elements 360 can be arranged apart from each other, a high-definition display device can be realized even when the EL layer of the light emitting element 360 is formed separately by a shadow mask or the like.

Further, the arrangement may be as shown in FIG. 11 (B2).

If the value of the ratio of the total area of the opening 451 to the total area of the non-opening is too large, the display using the liquid crystal element becomes dark. Further, if the value of the ratio of the total area of the opening 451 to the total area of the non-opening is too small, the display using the light emitting element 360 becomes dark.

Further, if the area of the opening 451 provided in the conductive layer 311b functioning as the reflective electrode is too small, the efficiency of the light that can be extracted from the light emitted by the light emitting element 360 is lowered.

The shape of the opening 451 can be, for example, a polygon, a quadrangle, an ellipse, a circle, a cross, or the like. Further, it may have an elongated streak shape, a slit shape, or a checkered pattern shape. Further, the opening 451 may be arranged close to the adjacent pixel. Preferably, the aperture 451 is placed closer to another pixel displaying the same color. As a result, crosstalk can be suppressed.

[Circuit configuration example]
FIG. 12 is a circuit diagram showing a configuration example of the pixel 410. FIG. 12 shows two adjacent pixels 410.

The pixel 410 includes a switch SW1, a capacitance element C1, a liquid crystal element 340, a switch SW2, a transistor M, a capacitance element C2, a light emitting element 360, and the like. Further, wiring G1, wiring G2, wiring ANO, wiring CSCOM, wiring S1 and wiring S2 are electrically connected to the pixel 410. Further, FIG. 12 shows a wiring VCOM1 electrically connected to the liquid crystal element 340 and a wiring VCOM2 electrically connected to the light emitting element 360.

FIG. 12 shows an example in which a transistor is used for the switch SW1 and the switch SW2.

In the switch SW1, the gate is connected to the wiring G1, one of the source or the drain is connected to the wiring S1, the other of the source or the drain is connected to one electrode of the capacitance element C1, and one electrode of the liquid crystal element 340. There is. The other electrode of the capacitive element C1 is connected to the wiring CSCOM. The other electrode of the liquid crystal element 340 is connected to the wiring VCOM1.

Further, in the switch SW2, the gate is connected to the wiring G2, one of the source or the drain is connected to the wiring S2, and the other of the source or the drain is connected to one electrode of the capacitive element C2 and the gate of the transistor M. .. In the capacitive element C2, the other electrode is connected to one of the source or drain of the transistor M and the wiring ANO. In the transistor M, the other of the source and the drain is connected to one electrode of the light emitting element 360. The other electrode of the light emitting element 360 is connected to the wiring VCOM2.

FIG. 12 shows an example in which the transistor M has two gates sandwiching the semiconductor and these are connected. As a result, the current that can be passed through the transistor M can be increased.

A signal for controlling the switch SW1 to a conductive state or a non-conducting state can be given to the wiring G1. A predetermined potential can be applied to the wiring VCOM1. A signal for controlling the orientation state of the liquid crystal of the liquid crystal element 340 can be given to the wiring S1. A predetermined potential can be applied to the wiring CSCOM.

A signal for controlling the switch SW2 in a conductive state or a non-conducting state can be given to the wiring G2. The wiring VCOM2 and the wiring ANO can be given potentials that cause a potential difference in which the light emitting element 360 emits light. A signal for controlling the conduction state of the transistor M can be given to the wiring S2.

For example, when displaying the reflection mode, the pixel 410 shown in FIG. 12 can be driven by a signal given to the wiring G1 and the wiring S1 and can be displayed by utilizing optical modulation by the liquid crystal element 340. Further, when the display is performed in the transmission mode, the light emitting element 360 can be made to emit light by being driven by the signal given to the wiring G2 and the wiring S2 for display. Further, when driving in both modes, it can be driven by signals given to each of the wiring G1, the wiring G2, the wiring S1 and the wiring S2.

Note that FIG. 12 shows an example in which one pixel 410 has one liquid crystal element 340 and one light emitting element 360, but the present invention is not limited to this. FIG. 13A shows an example in which one pixel 410 has one liquid crystal element 340 and four light emitting elements 360 (light emitting elements 360r, 360g, 360b, 360w).

In FIG. 13A, in addition to the example of FIG. 12, the wiring G3 and the wiring S3 are connected to the pixel 410.

In the example shown in FIG. 13A, for example, four light emitting elements 360 can be used as light emitting elements exhibiting red (R), green (G), blue (B), and white (W), respectively. Further, as the liquid crystal element 340, a reflective liquid crystal element exhibiting white color can be used. As a result, when displaying the reflection mode, it is possible to display white with high reflectance. Further, when the display is performed in the transmission mode, the display with high color rendering property can be performed with low power.

Further, FIG. 13B shows a configuration example of the pixel 410. The pixel 410 includes a light emitting element 360w that overlaps with the opening of the electrode 311 and a light emitting element 360r, a light emitting element 360g, and a light emitting element 360b arranged around the electrode 311. It is preferable that the light emitting element 360r, the light emitting element 360g, and the light emitting element 360b have substantially the same light emitting area.

[Display panel configuration example]
FIG. 14 is a schematic perspective view of the display panel 300 according to one aspect of the present invention. The display panel 300 has a configuration in which a substrate 351 and a substrate 361 are bonded together. In FIG. 14, the substrate 361 is clearly indicated by a broken line.

The display panel 300 has a display unit 362, a circuit 364, wiring 365, and the like. The substrate 351 is provided with, for example, a circuit 364, wiring 365, and a conductive layer 311b that functions as a pixel electrode. Further, FIG. 14 shows an example in which the IC 373 and the FPC 372 are mounted on the substrate 351. Therefore, the configuration shown in FIG. 14 can be said to be a display module having a display panel 300, an FPC 372, and an IC 373.

As the circuit 364, for example, a circuit that functions as a scanning line drive circuit can be used.

The wiring 365 has a function of supplying signals and electric power to the display unit and the circuit 364. The signal or electric power is input to the wiring 365 from the outside or from the IC 373 via the FPC 372.

Further, FIG. 14 shows an example in which the IC 373 is provided on the substrate 351 by the COG (Chip On Glass) method or the like. As the IC 373, an IC having a function as, for example, a scanning line drive circuit or a signal line drive circuit can be applied. When the display panel 300 is provided with a circuit that functions as a scanning line drive circuit and a signal line drive circuit, or if a circuit that functions as a scanning line drive circuit or a signal line drive circuit is provided externally, the display panel 300 is driven via the FPC 372. In the case of inputting a signal for inputting the IC 373, the IC 373 may not be provided. Further, the IC 373 may be mounted on the FPC 372 by a COF (Chip On Film) method or the like.

FIG. 14 shows an enlarged view of a part of the display unit 362. Conductive layers 311b of a plurality of display elements are arranged in a matrix on the display unit 362. The conductive layer 311b has a function of reflecting visible light, and functions as a reflecting electrode of the liquid crystal element 340 described later.

Further, as shown in FIG. 14, the conductive layer 311b has an opening. Further, the light emitting element 360 is provided on the substrate 351 side of the conductive layer 311b. The light from the light emitting element 360 is emitted to the substrate 361 side through the opening of the conductive layer 311b.

Further, a touch sensor can be provided on the substrate 361. For example, the sheet-shaped capacitance type touch sensor 366 may be provided so as to overlap the display unit 362. Alternatively, a touch sensor may be provided between the substrate 361 and the substrate 351. When a touch sensor is provided between the substrate 361 and the substrate 351, an optical touch sensor using a photoelectric conversion element may be applied in addition to the capacitance type touch sensor.

[Cross-section configuration example 1]
FIG. 15 shows an example of a cross section of the display panel illustrated in FIG. 14 when a part of the area including the FPC 372, a part of the area including the circuit 364, and a part of the area including the display unit 362 are cut. Shown. The touch sensor 366 is not included.

The display panel has an insulating layer 220 between the substrate 351 and the substrate 361. Further, a light emitting element 360, a transistor 201, a transistor 205, a transistor 206, a colored layer 134, and the like are provided between the substrate 351 and the insulating layer 220. Further, a liquid crystal element 340, a colored layer 131, and the like are provided between the insulating layer 220 and the substrate 361. Further, the substrate 361 and the insulating layer 220 are adhered to each other via the adhesive layer 141, and the substrate 351 and the insulating layer 220 are adhered to each other via the adhesive layer 142.

The transistor 206 is electrically connected to the liquid crystal element 340, and the transistor 205 is electrically connected to the light emitting element 360. Since both the transistor 205 and the transistor 206 are formed on the surface of the insulating layer 220 on the substrate 351 side, they can be manufactured by using the same process.

The substrate 361 is provided with a colored layer 131, a light-shielding layer 132, an insulating layer 121, a conductive layer 313 that functions as a common electrode for the liquid crystal element 340, an alignment film 133b, an insulating layer 117, and the like. The insulating layer 117 functions as a spacer for holding the cell gap of the liquid crystal element 340.

Insulating layers such as an insulating layer 211, an insulating layer 212, an insulating layer 213, an insulating layer 214, and an insulating layer 215 are provided on the substrate 351 side of the insulating layer 220. A part of the insulating layer 211 functions as a gate insulating layer of each transistor. The insulating layer 212, the insulating layer 213, and the insulating layer 214 are provided so as to cover each transistor. Further, an insulating layer 215 is provided so as to cover the insulating layer 214. The insulating layer 214 and the insulating layer 215 have a function as a flattening layer. Although the case where three layers of the insulating layer 212, the insulating layer 213, and the insulating layer 214 are provided as the insulating layer covering the transistor and the like is shown here, the case is not limited to this, and four or more layers may be used, or simply. It may be a layer or two layers. Further, the insulating layer 214 that functions as a flattening layer may not be provided if it is unnecessary.

Further, the transistor 201, the transistor 205, and the transistor 206 have a conductive layer 221 partially functioning as a gate, a conductive layer 222 partially functioning as a source or a drain, and a semiconductor layer 231. Here, the same hatching pattern is attached to a plurality of layers obtained by processing the same conductive film.

The liquid crystal element 340 is a reflective liquid crystal element. The liquid crystal element 340 has a laminated structure in which the conductive layer 311a, the liquid crystal 312, and the conductive layer 313 are laminated. Further, a conductive layer 311b that reflects visible light is provided in contact with the substrate 351 side of the conductive layer 311a. The conductive layer 311b has an opening 251. Further, the conductive layer 311a and the conductive layer 313 include a material that transmits visible light. Further, an alignment film 133a is provided between the liquid crystal 312 and the conductive layer 311a, and an alignment film 133b is provided between the liquid crystal 312 and the conductive layer 313. Further, a polarizing plate 130 is provided on the outer surface of the substrate 361.

In the liquid crystal element 340, the conductive layer 311b has a function of reflecting visible light, and the conductive layer 313 has a function of transmitting visible light. The light incident from the substrate 361 side is polarized by the polarizing plate 130, passes through the conductive layer 313 and the liquid crystal 312, and is reflected by the conductive layer 311b. Then, it passes through the liquid crystal 312 and the conductive layer 313 again and reaches the polarizing plate 130. At this time, the orientation of the liquid crystal can be controlled by the voltage applied between the conductive layer 311b and the conductive layer 313, and the optical modulation of light can be controlled. That is, the intensity of the light emitted through the polarizing plate 130 can be controlled. Further, the light is absorbed by the colored layer 131 in a light other than the specific wavelength region, and the light taken out becomes, for example, red light.

The light emitting element 360 is a bottom emission type light emitting element. The light emitting element 360 has a laminated structure in which the conductive layer 191 and the EL layer 192 and the conductive layer 193b are laminated in this order from the insulating layer 220 side. Further, the conductive layer 193a is provided so as to cover the conductive layer 193b. The conductive layer 193b contains a material that reflects visible light, and the conductive layer 191 and the conductive layer 193a include a material that transmits visible light. The light emitted by the light emitting element 360 is emitted to the substrate 361 side via the colored layer 134, the insulating layer 220, the opening 251 and the conductive layer 313.

Here, as shown in FIG. 15, it is preferable that the opening 251 is provided with a conductive layer 311a that transmits visible light. As a result, the liquid crystal 312 is oriented in the region overlapping the opening 251 as in the other regions, so that it is possible to prevent the liquid crystal from being misaligned at the boundary between these regions and causing unintended light leakage.

Here, a linear polarizing plate may be used as the polarizing plate 130 arranged on the outer surface of the substrate 361, but a circular polarizing plate may also be used. As the circular polarizing plate, for example, a linear polarizing plate and a 1/4 wavelength retardation plate laminated can be used. Thereby, the reflection of external light can be suppressed. Further, a light diffusion plate may be provided to suppress reflection of external light. Further, the desired contrast may be realized by adjusting the cell gap, orientation, driving voltage, etc. of the liquid crystal element used for the liquid crystal element 340 according to the type of the polarizing plate.

An insulating layer 217 is provided on the insulating layer 216 that covers the end of the conductive layer 191. The insulating layer 217 has a function as a spacer that prevents the insulating layer 220 and the substrate 351 from coming closer to each other than necessary. Further, when the EL layer 192 and the conductive layer 193a are formed by using a shielding mask (metal mask), even if the shielding mask has a function as a mask gapper for suppressing contact with the surface to be formed. Good. The insulating layer 217 may not be provided if it is unnecessary.

One of the source and drain of the transistor 205 is electrically connected to the conductive layer 191 of the light emitting element 360 via the conductive layer 224.

One of the source and drain of the transistor 206 is electrically connected to the conductive layer 311b via the connecting portion 207. The conductive layer 311b and the conductive layer 311a are provided in contact with each other, and they are electrically connected to each other. Here, the connecting portion 207 is a portion that connects the conductive layers provided on both sides of the insulating layer 220 via the openings provided in the insulating layer 220.

A connecting portion 204 is provided in a region of the substrate 351 that does not overlap with the substrate 361. The connection portion 204 is electrically connected to the FPC 372 via the connection layer 242. The connection portion 204 has the same configuration as the connection portion 207. On the upper surface of the connecting portion 204, the conductive layer obtained by processing the same conductive film as the conductive layer 311a is exposed. As a result, the connection portion 204 and the FPC 372 can be electrically connected via the connection layer 242.

A connecting portion 252 is provided in a part of the region where the adhesive layer 141 is provided. In the connecting portion 252, the conductive layer obtained by processing the same conductive film as the conductive layer 311a and a part of the conductive layer 313 are electrically connected by the connecting body 243. Therefore, the signal or potential input from the FPC 372 connected to the substrate 351 side can be supplied to the conductive layer 313 formed on the substrate 361 side via the connecting portion 252.

As the connecting body 243, for example, conductive particles can be used. As the conductive particles, those obtained by coating the surface of particles such as organic resin or silica with a metal material can be used. It is preferable to use nickel or gold as the metal material because the contact resistance can be reduced. Further, it is preferable to use particles in which two or more kinds of metal materials are coated in layers, such as by further coating nickel with gold. Further, it is preferable to use a material that is elastically deformed or plastically deformed as the connecting body 243. At this time, the connecting body 243, which is a conductive particle, may have a shape that is crushed in the vertical direction as shown in FIG. By doing so, the contact area between the connecting body 243 and the conductive layer electrically connected to the connecting body 243 can be increased, the contact resistance can be reduced, and the occurrence of defects such as poor connection can be suppressed.

The connecting body 243 is preferably arranged so as to be covered with the adhesive layer 141. For example, the connector 243 may be sprayed after applying a paste or the like to be the adhesive layer 141.

FIG. 15 shows an example in which the transistor 201 is provided as an example of the circuit 364.

In FIG. 15, as an example of the transistor 201 and the transistor 205, a configuration in which the semiconductor layer 231 on which a channel is formed is sandwiched between two gates is applied. One gate is composed of a conductive layer 221 and the other gate is composed of a conductive layer 223 that overlaps with the semiconductor layer 231 via an insulating layer 212. With such a configuration, the threshold voltage of the transistor can be controlled. At this time, the transistor may be driven by connecting two gates and supplying the same signal to them. Such a transistor can increase the field effect mobility as compared with other transistors, and can increase the on-current. As a result, a circuit capable of high-speed driving can be manufactured. Further, the occupied area of the circuit unit can be reduced. By applying a transistor with a large on-current, it is possible to reduce the signal delay in each wiring even if the number of wirings increases when the display panel is enlarged or the definition is increased, and display unevenness is suppressed. can do.

The transistor included in the circuit 364 and the transistor included in the display unit 362 may have the same structure. Further, the plurality of transistors included in the circuit 364 may all have the same structure, or transistors having different structures may be used in combination. Further, the plurality of transistors included in the display unit 362 may all have the same structure, or transistors having different structures may be used in combination.

For at least one of the insulating layer 212 and the insulating layer 213 covering each transistor, it is preferable to use a material in which impurities such as water and hydrogen are difficult to diffuse. That is, the insulating layer 212 or the insulating layer 213 can function as a barrier film. With such a configuration, it is possible to effectively suppress the diffusion of impurities from the outside to the transistor, and a highly reliable display panel can be realized.

On the substrate 361 side, an insulating layer 121 is provided so as to cover the colored layer 131 and the light-shielding layer 132. The insulating layer 121 may have a function as a flattening layer. Since the surface of the conductive layer 313 can be made substantially flat by the insulating layer 121, the orientation state of the liquid crystal 312 can be made uniform.

[Cross-section configuration example 2]
Further, as shown in FIG. 16, the display panel of one aspect of the present invention may have a configuration in which a first transistor provided in the pixel and a second transistor overlap each other. With such a configuration, the area per pixel can be reduced, and a display panel having a high pixel density capable of displaying a high-definition image can be formed.

For example, the transistor 205, which is a transistor for driving the light emitting element 360, and the transistor 208 can be configured to have an overlapping region. Alternatively, the transistor 206 for driving the liquid crystal element 340 and one of the transistor 205 and the transistor 208 may be configured to have an overlapping region.

[Cross-section configuration example 3]
Further, as shown in FIG. 17, the display panel of one aspect of the present invention may have a configuration in which the display panel 300a and the display panel 300b are bonded to each other via the adhesive layer 50. The display panel 300a has a liquid crystal element 340 and a transistor 206 in the display unit 362a, and has a transistor 201a in the circuit 364a for driving the display unit 362. The display panel 300b has a light emitting element 360 and transistors 205 and 208 in the display unit 362b, and has a transistor 201b in the circuit 364b that drives the display unit 362b.

[Cross-section configuration example 4]
The display panel shown in FIG. 18 is an example in which a top gate type transistor is applied to each transistor in the configuration shown in FIG. By applying the top gate type transistor in this way, the parasitic capacitance can be reduced, so that the frame frequency of the display can be increased. The top gate type transistor can also be applied to the configurations shown in FIGS. 16 and 17.

With such a configuration, it is possible to use a manufacturing process suitable for each of the display panel 300a and the display panel 300b, and it is possible to improve the product yield.

[For each component]
In the following, each component shown above will be described.

〔substrate〕
A material having a flat surface can be used for the substrate of the display panel. A material that transmits the light is used for the substrate on the side that extracts the light from the display element. For example, materials such as glass, quartz, ceramics, sapphire, and organic resins can be used.

By using a thin substrate, it is possible to reduce the weight and thickness of the display panel. Further, by using a substrate having a thickness sufficient to have flexibility, a flexible display panel can be realized.

Further, since the substrate on the side that does not emit light does not have to have translucency, a metal substrate or the like can be used in addition to the substrates listed above. Since the metal substrate has high thermal conductivity and can easily conduct heat to the entire substrate, it is possible to suppress a local temperature rise of the display panel, which is preferable. In order to obtain flexibility and bendability, the thickness of the metal substrate is preferably 10 μm or more and 200 μm or less, and more preferably 20 μm or more and 50 μm or less.

The material constituting the metal substrate is not particularly limited, and for example, a metal such as aluminum, copper, or nickel, or an alloy such as an aluminum alloy or stainless steel can be preferably used.

Further, a substrate that has been subjected to an insulating treatment by oxidizing the surface of the metal substrate or forming an insulating film on the surface may be used. For example, an insulating film may be formed by a coating method such as a spin coating method or a dip method, an electrodeposition method, a vapor deposition method, a sputtering method, etc., or left in an oxygen atmosphere or heated, or an anodic oxidation method. An oxide film may be formed on the surface of the substrate by such means.

Examples of the material having flexibility and transparency to visible light include polyester resins such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), polyacrylonitrile resins, polyimide resins, polymethyl methacrylate resins, and polycarbonates. Examples thereof include (PC) resin, polyether sulfone (PES) resin, polyamide resin, cycloolefin resin, polystyrene resin, polyamideimide resin, polyvinyl chloride resin, and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) resin. In particular, it is preferable to use a material having a low coefficient of thermal expansion, and for example, a polyamide-imide resin, a polyimide resin, PET or the like having a ^{coefficient of thermal expansion of 30 × 10 -6 / K or less can be preferably used.} It is also possible to use a substrate in which glass fibers are impregnated with an organic resin, or a substrate in which an inorganic filler is mixed with an organic resin to reduce the coefficient of thermal expansion. Since a substrate using such a material is light in weight, the display panel using the substrate can also be made lightweight.

When a fiber body is contained in the above material, a high-strength fiber of an organic compound or an inorganic compound is used as the fiber body. The high-strength fiber specifically refers to a fiber having a high tensile elasticity or young ratio, and typical examples thereof include polyvinyl alcohol-based fiber, polyester-based fiber, polyamide-based fiber, polyethylene-based fiber, and aramid-based fiber. Polyparaphenylene benzobisoxazole fiber, glass fiber, or carbon fiber can be mentioned. Examples of the glass fiber include glass fibers using E glass, S glass, D glass, Q glass and the like. These may be used in the state of a woven fabric or a non-woven fabric, and a structure obtained by impregnating the fiber body with a resin and curing the resin may be used as a flexible substrate. It is preferable to use a structure made of a fibrous body and a resin as the flexible substrate because the reliability against breakage due to bending or local pressing is improved.

Alternatively, glass, metal, or the like thin enough to have flexibility can be used for the substrate. Alternatively, a composite material in which glass and a resin material are bonded by an adhesive layer may be used.

On the flexible substrate, a hard coat layer (for example, silicon nitride, aluminum oxide, etc.) that protects the surface of the display panel from scratches, a layer of a material that can disperse the pressure (for example, aramid resin, etc.), etc. It may be laminated. Further, in order to suppress a decrease in the life of the display element due to moisture or the like, an insulating film having low water permeability may be laminated on the flexible substrate. For example, an inorganic insulating material such as silicon nitride, silicon oxide nitride, silicon nitride oxide, aluminum oxide, or aluminum nitride can be used.

The substrate can also be used by stacking a plurality of layers. In particular, when the structure has a glass layer, the barrier property against water and oxygen can be improved, and a highly reliable display panel can be obtained.

[Transistor]
The transistor has a conductive layer that functions as a gate electrode, a semiconductor layer, a conductive layer that functions as a source electrode, a conductive layer that functions as a drain electrode, and an insulating layer that functions as a gate insulating layer. The above shows the case where a transistor having a bottom gate structure is applied.

The structure of the transistor included in the display device of one aspect of the present invention is not particularly limited. For example, it may be a planar type transistor, a stagger type transistor, or an inverted stagger type transistor. Further, either a top gate type or a bottom gate type transistor structure may be used. Alternatively, gate electrodes may be provided above and below the channel.

The crystallinity of the semiconductor material used for the transistor is also not particularly limited, and either an amorphous semiconductor or a semiconductor having crystallinity (microcrystalline semiconductor, polycrystalline semiconductor, single crystal semiconductor, or semiconductor having a partially crystalline region). May be used. It is preferable to use a semiconductor having crystallinity because deterioration of transistor characteristics can be suppressed.

Further, as the semiconductor material used for the transistor, a metal oxide having an energy gap of 2 eV or more, preferably 2.5 eV or more, more preferably 3 eV or more can be used. A typical example is an oxide semiconductor containing indium, and for example, CAC-OS described later can be used.

Transistors using oxide semiconductors, which have a wider bandgap and a smaller carrier density than silicon, retain the charge accumulated in the capacitive element connected in series with the transistor for a long period of time due to its low off-current. Is possible.

The semiconductor layer is represented by an In-M-Zn-based oxide containing, for example, indium, zinc and M (metals such as aluminum, titanium, gallium, germanium, ittrium, zirconium, lanthanum, cerium, tin, neodymium or hafnium). It can be a membrane.

When the oxide semiconductor constituting the semiconductor layer is an In-M-Zn-based oxide, the atomic number ratio of the metal element of the sputtering target used for forming the In-M-Zn oxide is In ≧ M, Zn. It is preferable that ≧ M is satisfied. The atomic number ratio of the metal element of such a sputtering target is In: M: Zn = 1: 1: 1, In: M: Zn = 1: 1: 1.2, In: M: Zn = 3: 1: 1. 2, In: M: Zn = 4: 2: 3, In: M: Zn = 4: 2: 4.1, In: M: Zn = 5: 1: 6, In: M: Zn = 5: 1: 7, In: M: Zn = 5: 1: 8 and the like are preferable. The atomic number ratio of the semiconductor layer to be formed includes a variation of plus or minus 40% of the atomic number ratio of the metal element contained in the sputtering target.

The transistor having the bottom gate structure exemplified in this embodiment is preferable because the manufacturing process can be reduced. Further, by using an oxide semiconductor at this time, it is possible to use a material having low heat resistance as a material for wiring and electrodes below the semiconductor layer and a material for a substrate, which can be formed at a lower temperature than polycrystalline silicon. , The range of material choices can be expanded. For example, a glass substrate having an extremely large area can be preferably used.

As the semiconductor layer, an oxide semiconductor film having a low carrier density is used. For example, the semiconductor layer has a carrier density of 1 × 10 ¹⁷ / cm ³ or less, preferably 1 × 10 ¹⁵ / cm ³ or less, more preferably 1 × 10 ¹³ / cm ³ or less, and more preferably 1 × 10 ¹¹ / cm. ³ or less, more preferably less than 1 × ^{10 10} / cm ^3, it is possible to use an oxide semiconductor of 1 × ¹⁰ -9 / cm ³ or more carrier density. Such oxide semiconductors are referred to as high-purity intrinsic or substantially high-purity intrinsic oxide semiconductors. As a result, the impurity concentration is low and the defect level density is low, so that it can be said that the oxide semiconductor has stable characteristics.

In addition, the present invention is not limited to these, and a transistor having an appropriate composition may be used according to the required semiconductor characteristics and electrical characteristics (field effect mobility, threshold voltage, etc.) of the transistor. Further, in order to obtain the required semiconductor characteristics of the transistor, it is preferable that the carrier density, impurity concentration, defect density, atomic number ratio of metal element and oxygen, interatomic distance, density, etc. of the semiconductor layer are appropriate. ..

When silicon or carbon, which is one of the Group 14 elements, is contained in the oxide semiconductor constituting the semiconductor layer, oxygen deficiency increases in the semiconductor layer and the semiconductor layer becomes n-type. Therefore, the concentration of silicon or carbon in the semiconductor layer (concentration obtained by secondary ion mass spectrometry) is set to 2 × 10 ¹⁸ atoms / cm ³ or less, preferably 2 × 10 ¹⁷ atoms / cm ³ or less.

In addition, alkali metals and alkaline earth metals may generate carriers when combined with oxide semiconductors, which may increase the off-current of the transistor. Therefore, the concentration of the alkali metal or alkaline earth metal obtained by the secondary ion mass spectrometry in the semiconductor layer is set to 1 × 10 ¹⁸ atoms / cm ³ or less, preferably 2 × 10 ¹⁶ atoms / cm ³ or less.

Further, when nitrogen is contained in the oxide semiconductor constituting the semiconductor layer, electrons as carriers are generated, the carrier density is increased, and the n-type is easily formed. As a result, a transistor using an oxide semiconductor containing nitrogen tends to have a normally-on characteristic. Therefore, the nitrogen concentration obtained by the secondary ion mass spectrometry in the semiconductor layer ^{is preferably 5 × 10 18} atoms / cm ³ or less.

Further, the semiconductor layer may have a non-single crystal structure, for example. The non-single crystal structure is, for example, a CAAC-OS (C-Axis Aligned Crystalline Oxide Crystal Detector or C-Axis Aligned and AB-plane Amorphous Crystal, Polycrystal) having crystals oriented on the c-axis. Includes microcrystalline or amorphous structures. In the non-single crystal structure, the amorphous structure has the highest defect level density, and CAAC-OS has the lowest defect level density.

An oxide semiconductor film having an amorphous structure has, for example, a disordered atomic arrangement and no crystal component. Alternatively, the amorphous oxide film has, for example, a completely amorphous structure and has no crystal portion.

Even if the semiconductor layer is a mixed film having two or more of an amorphous structure region, a microcrystal structure region, a polycrystalline structure region, a CAAC-OS region, and a single crystal structure region. Good. The mixed film may have, for example, a single-layer structure or a laminated structure including any two or more of the above-mentioned regions.
<CAC-OS configuration>
Hereinafter, the configuration of the CAC (Cloud Aligned Company) -OS that can be used for the transistor disclosed in one aspect of the present invention will be described.

The CAC-OS is, for example, a composition of a material in which the elements constituting the oxide semiconductor are unevenly distributed in a size of 0.5 nm or more and 10 nm or less, preferably 1 nm or more and 2 nm or less, or a size close thereto. In the following, in the oxide semiconductor, one or more metal elements are unevenly distributed, and the region having the metal elements is 0.5 nm or more and 10 nm or less, preferably 1 nm or more and 2 nm or less, or a size in the vicinity thereof. The state of being mixed with is also called a mosaic shape or a patch shape.

The oxide semiconductor preferably contains at least indium. In particular, it preferably contains indium and zinc. Also, in addition to them, aluminum, gallium, yttrium, copper, vanadium, berylium, boron, silicon, titanium, iron, nickel, germanium, zirconium, molybdenum, lantern, cerium, neodymium, hafnium, tantalum, tungsten, or magnesium, etc. One or more selected from the above may be included.

For example, CAC-OS in In-Ga-Zn oxide (In-Ga-Zn oxide may be particularly referred to as CAC-IGZO in CAC-OS) is indium oxide (hereinafter, InO). _X1 (X1 is a real number greater than 0), or indium zinc oxide (hereinafter, In _X2 Zn _Y2 O _Z2 (X2, Y2, and Z2 are real numbers greater than 0)) and gallium. With oxide (hereinafter, GaO _X3 (X3 is a real number larger than 0)) or gallium zinc oxide (hereinafter, Ga _X4 Zn _Y4 O _Z4 (X4, Y4, and Z4 are real numbers larger than 0)) The material is separated into a mosaic-like structure, and the mosaic-like InO _X1 or In _X2 Zn _Y2 O _Z2 is uniformly distributed in the film (hereinafter, also referred to as cloud-like). is there.

That is, CAC-OS is a composite oxide semiconductor having a structure in which a region _{containing GaO X3} as a main component and a region _{containing In X2} Zn _Y2 O _Z2 or InO _{X1 as a main component are mixed.} In the present specification, for example, the atomic number ratio of In to the element M in the first region is larger than the atomic number ratio of In to the element M in the second region. It is assumed that the concentration of In is higher than that of region 2.

In addition, IGZO is a common name and may refer to one compound consisting of In, Ga, Zn, and O. As a typical example, it is represented by InGaO ₃ (ZnO) _m1 (m1 is a natural number) or In _{(1 + x0)} Ga _(1-x0) O ₃ (ZnO) _m0 (-1 ≦ x0 ≦ 1, m0 is an arbitrary number). Crystalline compounds can be mentioned.

The crystalline compound has a single crystal structure, a polycrystalline structure, or a CAAC structure. The CAAC structure is a crystal structure in which a plurality of IGZO nanocrystals have a c-axis orientation and are connected without being oriented on the ab plane.

On the other hand, CAC-OS relates to the material composition of oxide semiconductors. CAC-OS is a region that is partially observed as nanoparticles containing Ga as a main component and nanoparticles containing In as a main component in a material composition containing In, Ga, Zn, and O. The regions observed in the shape are randomly dispersed in a mosaic pattern. Therefore, in CAC-OS, the crystal structure is a secondary element.

It should be noted that CAC-OS does not include a laminated structure of two or more types of films having different compositions. For example, a structure consisting of two layers, a film containing In as a main component and a film containing Ga as a main component, is not included.

It should be noted that a clear boundary may not be observed between the region _{containing GaO X3} as the main component and the region _{containing In X2} Zn _Y2 O _Z2 or InO _{X1 as the main component.}

Instead of gallium, select from aluminum, ittrium, copper, vanadium, beryllium, boron, silicon, titanium, iron, nickel, germanium, zirconium, molybdenum, lantern, cerium, neodymium, hafnium, tantalum, tungsten, or magnesium. When one or more of these are contained, CAC-OS has a region observed in the form of nanoparticles containing the metal element as a main component and a nano having In as a main component. The regions observed in the form of particles refer to a configuration in which the regions are randomly dispersed in a mosaic pattern.

The CAC-OS can be formed by a sputtering method, for example, under the condition that the substrate is not intentionally heated. When CAC-OS is formed by a sputtering method, one or more selected from an inert gas (typically argon), an oxygen gas, and a nitrogen gas may be used as the film forming gas. Good. Further, the lower the flow rate ratio of the oxygen gas to the total flow rate of the film-forming gas at the time of film formation is preferable. For example, the flow rate ratio of the oxygen gas is preferably 0% or more and less than 30%, preferably 0% or more and 10% or less. ..

CAC-OS is characterized by the fact that no clear peak is observed when measured using the θ / 2θ scan by the Out-of-plane method, which is one of the X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurement methods. Have. That is, from the X-ray diffraction, it can be seen that the orientation of the measurement region in the ab plane direction and the c-axis direction is not observed.

Further, CAC-OS has a ring-shaped high-brightness region and a plurality of ring regions in an electron diffraction pattern obtained by irradiating an electron beam having a probe diameter of 1 nm (also referred to as a nanobeam electron beam). Bright spots are observed. Therefore, from the electron diffraction pattern, it can be seen that the crystal structure of CAC-OS has an nc (nano-crystal) structure having no orientation in the planar direction and the cross-sectional direction.

Further, for example, in CAC-OS in In-Ga-Zn oxide, GaO _X3 is the main component by EDX mapping obtained by using energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). It _{can be confirmed that the region and the region containing In X2} Zn _Y2 O _Z2 or InO _X1 as the main component have a structure in which they are unevenly distributed and mixed.

CAC-OS has a structure different from that of the IGZO compound in which metal elements are uniformly distributed, and has properties different from those of the IGZO compound. That is, the CAC-OS is _{phase-separated into a region containing GaO X3} or the like as a main component and a region _{containing In X2} Zn _Y2 O _Z2 or InO _X1 as a main component, and a region containing each element as a main component. Has a mosaic-like structure.

Here, the _{region in which In X2} Zn _Y2 O _Z2 or InO _X1 is the main component is a region having higher conductivity than the region in which _{GaO X3 or the like is the main component.} That is, the conductivity as an oxide semiconductor is exhibited by the carrier flowing through the region where _{In X2} Zn _Y2 O _Z2 or InO _{X1 is the main component.} Therefore, a high field effect mobility (μ) can be realized by distributing the region containing _{In X2} Zn _Y2 O _Z2 or InO _{X1 as the main component in the oxide semiconductor in a cloud shape.}

On the other hand, _{the region in which GaO X3} or the like is the main component is a region having higher insulating property than the region in which _{In X2} Zn _Y2 O _Z2 or InO _{X1 is the main component.} That is, _{the region containing GaO X3} or the like as the main component is distributed in the oxide semiconductor, so that the leakage current can be suppressed and a good switching operation can be realized.

Therefore, when CAC-OS is used for a semiconductor element, the insulation property caused by _{GaO X3 and the like and the conductivity caused by In X2} Zn _Y2 O _Z2 or InO _X1 act in a complementary manner, resulting in high efficiency. On-current (I _on ) and high field-effect mobility (μ) can be achieved.

Further, the semiconductor element using CAC-OS has high reliability. Therefore, CAC-OS is most suitable for various semiconductor devices such as displays.

Alternatively, silicon may be used for the semiconductor in which the channel of the transistor is formed. Amorphous silicon may be used as the silicon, but it is particularly preferable to use crystalline silicon. For example, it is preferable to use microcrystalline silicon, polycrystalline silicon, single crystal silicon, or the like. In particular, polycrystalline silicon can be formed at a lower temperature than single crystal silicon, and has higher field effect mobility and higher reliability than amorphous silicon.

The transistor having the bottom gate structure exemplified in this embodiment is preferable because the manufacturing process can be reduced. Further, since amorphous silicon can be formed at a lower temperature than polycrystalline silicon at this time, it is possible to use a material having low heat resistance as a material for wiring, electrodes, and a substrate below the semiconductor layer. , The range of material choices can be expanded. For example, a glass substrate having an extremely large area can be preferably used. On the other hand, the top gate type transistor is preferable because it is easy to form an impurity region in a self-aligned manner and it is possible to reduce variations in characteristics. At this time, it is particularly suitable when polycrystalline silicon, single crystal silicon, or the like is used.

[Conductive layer]
Materials that can be used for conductive layers such as the gates, sources and drains of transistors, as well as various wiring and electrodes that make up display devices include aluminum, titanium, chromium, nickel, copper, yttrium, zirconium, molybdenum, and silver. Examples thereof include a metal such as tantanium or tungsten, or an alloy containing this as a main component. Further, a film containing these materials can be used as a single layer or as a laminated structure. For example, a single-layer structure of an aluminum film containing silicon, a two-layer structure in which an aluminum film is laminated on a titanium film, a two-layer structure in which an aluminum film is laminated on a tungsten film, and a copper film on a copper-magnesium-aluminum alloy film. Two-layer structure for laminating, two-layer structure for laminating copper film on titanium film, two-layer structure for laminating copper film on tungsten film, titanium film or titanium nitride film, and aluminum film or copper film on top of it A three-layer structure, a molybdenum film or a molybdenum nitride film, on which a titanium film or a titanium nitride film is formed, and an aluminum film or a copper film are laminated on the aluminum film or a copper film, and the molybdenum film or There is a three-layer structure that forms a molybdenum nitride film. Indium oxide, tin oxide, zinc oxide and other oxides may be used. Further, it is preferable to use copper containing manganese because the controllability of the shape by etching is improved.

Further, as the translucent conductive material, a conductive oxide such as indium oxide, indium tin oxide, indium zinc oxide, zinc oxide, or zinc oxide to which gallium is added, or graphene can be used. Alternatively, a metal material such as gold, silver, platinum, magnesium, nickel, tungsten, chromium, molybdenum, iron, cobalt, copper, palladium, or titanium, or an alloy material containing the metal material can be used. Alternatively, a nitride of the metal material (for example, titanium nitride) or the like may be used. When a metal material or an alloy material (or a nitride thereof) is used, it may be made thin enough to have translucency. Further, the laminated film of the above material can be used as the conductive layer. For example, it is preferable to use a laminated film of an alloy of silver and magnesium and an indium tin oxide because the conductivity can be enhanced. These can also be used for conductive layers such as various wirings and electrodes constituting the display device, and conductive layers (conductive layers that function as pixel electrodes and common electrodes) of the display element.

[Insulation layer]
Insulating materials that can be used for each insulating layer include, for example, resins such as acrylic and epoxy, resins having a siloxane bond, and inorganic insulation such as silicon oxide, silicon oxide nitride, silicon nitride oxide, silicon nitride, and aluminum oxide. Materials can also be used.

Further, the light emitting element is preferably provided between a pair of insulating films having low water permeability. As a result, it is possible to suppress the intrusion of impurities such as water into the light emitting element, and it is possible to suppress a decrease in the reliability of the device.

Examples of the insulating film having low water permeability include a film containing nitrogen and silicon such as a silicon nitride film and a silicon nitride film, and a film containing nitrogen and aluminum such as an aluminum nitride film. Further, a silicon oxide film, a silicon nitride film, an aluminum oxide film or the like may be used.

For example, water vapor permeability of less water permeable insulating ^{film, 1 × 10 -5 [g /} (m 2 · day)] or less, preferably ^{1 × 10 -6 [g / (} m 2 · day)] or less, It is more preferably 1 × 10 ^-7 [g / (m ² · day)] or less, and even more preferably 1 × 10 ^-8 [g / (m ² · day)] or less.

[Liquid crystal element]
As the liquid crystal element, for example, a liquid crystal element to which the vertical alignment (VA: Vertical Alignment) mode is applied can be used. As the vertical orientation mode, an MVA (Multi-Domain Vertical Alignment) mode, a PVA (Patterned Vertical Alignment) mode, an ASV (Advanced Super View) mode and the like can be used.

Further, as the liquid crystal element, a liquid crystal element to which various modes are applied can be used. For example, in addition to the VA mode, the TN (Twisted Nematic) mode, the IPS (In-Plane-Switching) mode, the FFS (Fringe Field Switching) mode, the ASM (Axially Symmetrical symmetric Micro-cell) mode, and the OClone mode. , FLC (Ferroelectric Liquid Crystal) mode, AFLC (Antiferroelectric Liquid Crystal) mode and the like can be used.

The liquid crystal element is an element that controls the transmission or non-transmission of light by the optical modulation action of the liquid crystal. The optical modulation action of the liquid crystal is controlled by an electric field (including a horizontal electric field, a vertical electric field, or an oblique electric field) applied to the liquid crystal. As the liquid crystal used for the liquid crystal element, a thermotropic liquid crystal, a low molecular weight liquid crystal, a high molecular weight liquid crystal, a polymer dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC: Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystal), a strong dielectric liquid crystal, an anti-strong dielectric liquid crystal, or the like should be used. Can be done. Depending on the conditions, these liquid crystal materials exhibit a cholesteric phase, a smectic phase, a cubic phase, a chiral nematic phase, an isotropic phase and the like.

Further, as the liquid crystal material, either a positive type liquid crystal or a negative type liquid crystal may be used, and the optimum liquid crystal material may be used according to the applicable mode and design.

Further, in order to control the orientation of the liquid crystal, an alignment film can be provided. When the transverse electric field method is adopted, a liquid crystal showing a blue phase without using an alignment film may be used. The blue phase is one of the liquid crystal phases, and is a phase that appears immediately before the transition from the cholesteric phase to the isotropic phase when the temperature of the cholesteric liquid crystal is raised. Since the blue phase is expressed only in a narrow temperature range, a liquid crystal composition mixed with a chiral agent of several weight% or more is used for the liquid crystal layer in order to improve the temperature range. A liquid crystal composition containing a liquid crystal exhibiting a blue phase and a chiral agent has a short response speed and is optically isotropic. Further, the liquid crystal composition containing a liquid crystal exhibiting a blue phase and a chiral agent does not require an orientation treatment and has a small viewing angle dependence. Further, since the alignment film does not need to be provided, the rubbing process is not required, so that the electrostatic breakdown caused by the rubbing process can be prevented, and the defects and breakage of the liquid crystal display device during the manufacturing process can be reduced. ..

Further, as the liquid crystal element, a transmissive liquid crystal element, a reflective liquid crystal element, a semi-transmissive liquid crystal element, or the like can be used.

In one aspect of the present invention, a reflective liquid crystal element can be used in particular.

When a transmissive type or semi-transmissive type liquid crystal element is used, two polarizing plates are provided so as to sandwich the pair of substrates. In addition, a backlight is provided outside the polarizing plate. The backlight may be a direct type backlight or an edge light type backlight. It is preferable to use a direct type backlight provided with an LED (Light Emitting Diode) because local dimming can be facilitated and contrast can be increased. Further, it is preferable to use an edge light type backlight because the thickness of the module including the backlight can be reduced.
Therefore, it is preferable.

When a reflective liquid crystal element is used, a polarizing plate is provided on the display surface side. Separately from this, it is preferable to arrange the light diffusing plate on the display surface side because the visibility can be improved.

Further, when a reflective type or semitransparent type liquid crystal element is used, a front light may be provided outside the polarizing plate. As the front light, it is preferable to use an edge light type front light. It is preferable to use a front light provided with an LED (Light Emitting Diode) because power consumption can be reduced.

[Light emitting element]
As the light emitting element, an element capable of self-luminous light can be used, and an element whose brightness is controlled by a current or a voltage is included in the category. For example, LEDs, organic EL elements, inorganic EL elements and the like can be used.

The light emitting element includes a top emission type, a bottom emission type, and a dual emission type. A conductive film that transmits visible light is used for the electrode on the side that extracts light. Further, it is preferable to use a conductive film that reflects visible light for the electrode on the side that does not take out light.

The EL layer has at least a light emitting layer. The EL layer is a layer other than the light emitting layer, which is a substance having high hole injection property, a substance having high hole transport property, a hole blocking material, a substance having high electron transport property, a substance having high electron transfer property, or a bipolar substance. It may further have a layer containing a substance (a substance having high electron transport property and hole transport property) and the like.

Either a low molecular weight compound or a high molecular weight compound can be used for the EL layer, and an inorganic compound may be contained. The layers constituting the EL layer can be formed by a method such as a thin-film deposition method (including a vacuum vapor deposition method), a transfer method, a printing method, an inkjet method, or a coating method.

When a voltage higher than the threshold voltage of the light emitting element is applied between the cathode and the anode, holes are injected into the EL layer from the anode side and electrons are injected from the cathode side. The injected electrons and holes are recombined in the EL layer, and the luminescent substance contained in the EL layer emits light.

When a white light emitting element is applied as the light emitting element, it is preferable that the EL layer contains two or more kinds of light emitting substances. For example, white light emission can be obtained by selecting a light emitting substance so that the light emission of each of two or more light emitting substances has a complementary color relationship. For example, a luminescent substance that emits light such as R (red), G (green), B (blue), Y (yellow), O (orange), or spectral components of two or more colors of R, G, and B, respectively. It is preferable that two or more of the luminescent substances exhibiting luminescence containing the above are contained. Further, it is preferable to apply a light emitting element having two or more peaks in the spectrum of light emitted from the light emitting element within the wavelength range of the visible light region (for example, 350 nm to 750 nm). Further, the emission spectrum of the material having a peak in the yellow wavelength region is preferably a material having a spectral component also in the green and red wavelength regions.

The EL layer preferably has a structure in which a light emitting layer containing a light emitting material that emits one color and a light emitting layer containing a light emitting material that emits another color are laminated. For example, the plurality of light emitting layers in the EL layer may be laminated in contact with each other, or may be laminated via a region that does not contain any of the light emitting materials. For example, a region is provided between the fluorescent light emitting layer and the phosphorescent light emitting layer, which contains the same material as the fluorescent light emitting layer or the phosphorescent light emitting layer (for example, a host material or an assist material) and does not contain any light emitting material. May be good. This facilitates the fabrication of the light emitting element and reduces the drive voltage.

Further, the light emitting element may be a single element having one EL layer, or may be a tandem element in which a plurality of EL layers are laminated via a charge generation layer.

The conductive film that transmits visible light can be formed by using, for example, indium oxide, indium tin oxide, indium zinc oxide, zinc oxide, zinc oxide added with gallium, or the like. Further, metal materials such as gold, silver, platinum, magnesium, nickel, tungsten, chromium, molybdenum, iron, cobalt, copper, palladium, or titanium, alloys containing these metal materials, or nitrides of these metal materials (for example, Titanium nitride) or the like can also be used by forming it thin enough to have translucency. Further, the laminated film of the above material can be used as the conductive layer. For example, it is preferable to use a laminated film of an alloy of silver and magnesium and indium tin oxide because the conductivity can be enhanced. Moreover, graphene or the like may be used.

As the conductive film that reflects visible light, for example, a metal material such as aluminum, gold, platinum, silver, nickel, tungsten, chromium, molybdenum, iron, cobalt, copper, or palladium, or an alloy containing these metal materials should be used. Can be done. Further, lanthanum, neodymium, germanium or the like may be added to the above metal materials or alloys. Further, an alloy containing titanium, nickel, or neodymium and aluminum (aluminum alloy) may be used. Further, an alloy containing copper, palladium, magnesium and silver may be used. Alloys containing silver and copper are preferable because they have high heat resistance. Further, by laminating the metal film or the metal oxide film in contact with the aluminum film or the aluminum alloy film, oxidation can be suppressed. Examples of the material of such a metal film and a metal oxide film include titanium and titanium oxide. Further, the conductive film that transmits visible light and the film made of a metal material may be laminated. For example, a laminated film of silver and indium tin oxide, a laminated film of an alloy of silver and magnesium and indium tin oxide, and the like can be used.

The electrodes may be formed by a vapor deposition method or a sputtering method, respectively. In addition, it can be formed by using a ejection method such as an inkjet method, a printing method such as a screen printing method, or a plating method.

In addition, the above-mentioned light emitting layer and the layer containing a substance having a high hole injecting property, a substance having a high hole transporting property, a substance having a high electron transporting property, a substance having a high electron injecting property, a bipolar substance, etc. Each of them may have an inorganic compound such as a quantum dot or a polymer compound (oligoform, dendrimer, polymer, etc.). For example, by using quantum dots in the light emitting layer, it can function as a light emitting material.

As the quantum dot material, a colloidal quantum dot material, an alloy type quantum dot material, a core / shell type quantum dot material, a core type quantum dot material, or the like can be used. Further, a material containing an element group of groups 12 and 16, groups 13 and 15, or groups 14 and 16 may be used. Alternatively, a quantum dot material containing elements such as cadmium, selenium, zinc, sulfur, phosphorus, indium, tellurium, lead, gallium, arsenide, and aluminum may be used.

[Adhesive layer]
As the adhesive layer, various curable adhesives such as a photocurable adhesive such as an ultraviolet curable type, a reaction curable type adhesive, a thermosetting type adhesive, and an anaerobic type adhesive can be used. Examples of these adhesives include epoxy resin, acrylic resin, silicone resin, phenol resin, polyimide resin, imide resin, PVC (polyvinyl chloride) resin, PVB (polyvinyl butyral) resin, EVA (ethylene vinyl acetate) resin and the like. In particular, a material having low moisture permeability such as an epoxy resin is preferable. Further, a two-component mixed type resin may be used. Moreover, you may use an adhesive sheet or the like.

Further, the resin may contain a desiccant. For example, a substance that adsorbs water by chemisorption, such as an oxide of an alkaline earth metal (calcium oxide, barium oxide, etc.), can be used. Alternatively, a substance that adsorbs water by physical adsorption, such as zeolite or silica gel, may be used. When a desiccant is contained, impurities such as moisture can be suppressed from entering the device, and the reliability of the display panel is improved, which is preferable.

Further, the light extraction efficiency can be improved by mixing the resin with a filler having a high refractive index or a light scattering member. For example, titanium oxide, barium oxide, zeolite, zirconium and the like can be used.

[Connection layer]
As the connecting layer, an anisotropic conductive film (ACF: Anisotropic Conducive Film), an anisotropic conductive paste (ACP: Anisotropic Conducive Paste), or the like can be used.

[Colored layer]
Examples of the material that can be used for the colored layer include a metal material, a resin material, a resin material containing a pigment or a dye, and the like.

[Shading layer]
Examples of the material that can be used as the light-shielding layer include carbon black, titanium black, metal, metal oxide, and composite oxide containing a solid solution of a plurality of metal oxides. The light-shielding layer may be a film containing a resin material or a thin film of an inorganic material such as metal. Further, as the light-shielding layer, a laminated film of a film containing a material of a colored layer can also be used. For example, a laminated structure of a film containing a material used for a colored layer that transmits light of a certain color and a film containing a material used for a colored layer that transmits light of another color can be used. By using the same material for the colored layer and the light-shielding layer, it is preferable because the device can be shared and the process can be simplified.

This embodiment can be implemented in combination with at least a part thereof as appropriate with other embodiments described in the present specification.

(Embodiment 5)
In the present embodiment, an information terminal that can be used in one aspect of the present invention will be described.

FIG. 19A shows a configuration example of a tablet-type information terminal. The information terminal 700 has a housing 701, a display unit 702, an operation key 703, and a speaker 704. Here, a display device having a function as an input device can be used for the display unit 702. The function as the input device can be added by, for example, providing a capacitance type touch sensor in the display device, providing a pixel portion having a photoelectric conversion element in the display device, or the like. Further, the operation key 703 can be used as a power switch for activating the information terminal 700, a button for operating software stored in the information terminal 700, a volume adjustment button, or a switch for turning on or off the display unit 702.

Further, the information terminal 700 may have a microphone 705. Thereby, for example, the information terminal 700 can be provided with a call function like a mobile phone. Further, the information terminal 700 may have a camera 706. Further, the housing 701 includes an antenna 707 for transmitting and receiving radio waves for data communication and a telephone call, and a GPS antenna 708 for transmitting and receiving radio waves for acquiring position information. Further, the information terminal 700 may have a flashlight or a light emitting device that can be used as lighting.

Further, the information terminal 700 has a sensor 709 (force, displacement, position, speed, acceleration, angular velocity, rotation speed, distance, light, magnetism, temperature, chemical substance, voice, time, hardness, electric field, etc.) inside the housing 701. It may have a function of measuring current, voltage, power, radiation, flow rate, humidity, gradient, vibration, odor, infrared rays, etc.). In particular, by providing a detection device having a sensor that detects inclination such as a gyro sensor and an acceleration sensor, the orientation of the information terminal 700 (which direction the information terminal is facing with respect to the vertical direction) is determined and displayed. The screen display of unit 702 can be automatically switched according to the orientation of the information terminal 700.

Further, FIG. 19B is an example of a block diagram of the information terminal 700. The information terminal 700 can be configured to include a system control unit 320 having a CPU 301 (central arithmetic processing circuit) and various memories (ROM 302, RAM 303), a non-volatile memory 304 for storing information, a logic circuit, and the like. By providing a CPU and a memory, various software can be operated, information such as books can be stored, and some or all of the functions of a personal computer can be provided.

The CPU 301 and the like are electrically connected to the display control unit 331, the input control unit 332, the voice control unit 333, the communication control unit 334, the position information control unit 335, and the sensor control unit 336. The display control unit 331 and the input control unit 332 are electrically connected to the display unit 702 and the camera 706. The voice control unit 323 is electrically connected to the speaker 704 and the microphone 705. The communication control unit 334 is electrically connected to the antenna 707. The position information control unit 335 is electrically connected to the GPS antenna 708. The sensor control unit 336 is electrically connected to the sensor 709.

The configuration shown in this embodiment can be used in combination with the configuration shown in other embodiments as appropriate.

10 Terminal system 11 Server 12 Terminal 13 Terminal 13a Terminal 13b Terminal 13c Terminal 14 Connected device 21 Display 22 Characters 23 Underline 24 Emphasis 25 Image data 26 Image data 27 Transmission icon 28 Image data 29 Image data 30 Image data 31 Image data 32 Selection icon 33a Image data 33b Image data 33c Image data 34 Calculation icon 35 Calculation result 36 Underline 40 Pixel array 45 Pixel unit 46 Pixel 46B Display element 46G Display element 46R Display element 47 Pixel 47B Display element 47G Display element 47R Display element 50 Adhesive layer 55 Optical 61 Pixel circuit 63 Liquid crystal element 117 Insulation layer 121 Insulation layer 130 Plate plate 131 Colored layer 132 Light-shielding layer 133a Alignment film 133b Alignment film 134 Colored layer 141 Adhesive layer 142 Adhesive layer 191 Conductive layer 192 EL layer 193a Conductive layer 193b Conductive layer 201 Transistor 201a Transistor 201b Transistor 204 Connection 205 Transistor 206 Transistor 207 Connection 208 Transistor 211 Insulation layer 212 Insulation layer 213 Insulation layer 214 Insulation layer 215 Insulation layer 216 Insulation layer 217 Insulation layer 220 Insulation layer 221 Conductive layer 222 Conductive layer 222 223 Conductive layer 224 Conductive layer 231 Semiconductor layer 242 Connection layer 243 Connection body 251 Opening 252 Connection unit 300 Display panel 300a Display panel 300b Display panel 301 CPU
302 ROM
303 RAM
304 Non-volatile memory 311 Electrode 311a Conductive layer 311b Conductive layer 312 Liquid crystal 313 Conductive layer 320 System control unit 323 Voice control unit 331 Display control unit 332 Input control unit 333 Voice control unit 334 Communication control unit 335 Position information control unit 336 Sensor control unit 340 Liquid crystal element 351 Board 360 Light emitting element 360b Light emitting element 360g Light emitting element 360r Light emitting element 360w Light emitting element 361 Board 362 Display unit 362a Display unit 362b Display unit 364 Circuit 364a Circuit 364b Circuit 365 Wiring 366 Touch sensor 372 FPC
373 IC
400 Display device 410 Pixels 451 Aperture 700 Information terminal 701 Housing 702 Display unit 703 Operation key 704 Speaker 705 Microphone 706 Camera 707 Antenna 708 GPS antenna 709 Sensor

Claims (6)

A terminal system having a first terminal, a second terminal, and a server.
The first terminal and the second terminal can exchange information with each other via the server.
The first terminal has a first display unit and has a first display unit.
The second terminal has a second display unit and has a second display unit.
Wherein each of the first display unit and the second display section, possess a first display element, a second display device, a
The first terminal generates first data and displays it on the first display unit using the first display element.
The first terminal stores the first data in the server, and the first terminal stores the first data in the server.
The second terminal reads the first data from the server and reads it.
The second terminal displays the first data on the second display unit using the first display element.
The second terminal generates second data and displays the data on the second display unit using the second display element.
The second terminal stores the second data in the server, and the second terminal stores the second data in the server.
The first terminal reads the second data from the server and reads it.
It said first terminal, have rows displayed in the first display portion with the second data and the second display element,
Each of the first display element and the second display element can rewrite data at the first frame frequency or the second frame frequency.
The second frame frequency is a value smaller than the first frame frequency.
The first terminal updates the second data and
Next, until the second data is updated, the second display element included in the first display unit rewrites the second data at the second frame frequency, and the second data is rewritten. The second display element included in the second display unit rewrites the second data at the first frame frequency.
The second terminal updates the first data and
Next, until the first data is updated, the first display element included in the first display unit rewrites the first data at the first frame frequency, and the first data is rewritten. The first display element included in the second display unit is a terminal system that rewrites the first data at the second frame frequency. In claim 1 ,
The first display element and the second display element are terminal systems provided in the same pixel unit. In claim 1 or 2 ,
The first display element is a terminal system having a function of reflecting visible light. In any one of claims 1 to 3 ,
The second display element is a terminal system having a function of emitting visible light. In any one of claims 1 to 4 ,
Wherein each of the first display element and the second display element, the transistor and the electrical to the connected terminal system comprising a metal oxide semiconductor layer in which a channel is formed. In any one of claims 1 to 5 ,
Each of the first terminal and the second terminal is a terminal system having a touch sensor on the display unit.

Images