JP6893917B2 - 神経変性疾患の処置 - Google Patents
神経変性疾患の処置 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6893917B2 JP6893917B2 JP2018516056A JP2018516056A JP6893917B2 JP 6893917 B2 JP6893917 B2 JP 6893917B2 JP 2018516056 A JP2018516056 A JP 2018516056A JP 2018516056 A JP2018516056 A JP 2018516056A JP 6893917 B2 JP6893917 B2 JP 6893917B2
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Description
・EGFRシグナル伝達を遮断し、したがって:
○アストロサイトおよび小グリア細胞活性化の低下
○IL−1βおよびTLRリガンドに対するTLR/IL−R1応答の阻害
○HDAC6活性を増加させ、したがってTDP43のアセチル化状態を減少させる(したがって凝集を阻害する)
・MyD88依存性TLR/IL−R1シグナル伝達を阻害し、したがって:
○TLR/IL−R1シグナル伝達経路をIRF3産生に向けて(そしてNFkB産生から遠ざかるように)再平衡化させ、神経保護と一致させる
○NFkB産生、炎症およびネクロトーシスの減少
○IRAK1キナーゼ活性の阻害を介してTDP43のリン酸化(したがって凝集)を阻害する
本発明は、例えば、以下の項目を提供する。
(項目1)
神経変性疾患を予防または処置する方法であって、そのような予防または処置を必要とする被験体の中枢神経系において、EGFRシグナル伝達を阻害すること、およびMyD88依存性TLR/IL−R1シグナル伝達を阻害することを含む、方法。
(項目2)
EGFRシグナル伝達およびMyD88依存性TLR/IL−R1シグナル伝達が、前記被験体の小グリア細胞、アストロサイト、またはニューロンにおいて阻害される、項目1に記載の方法。
(項目3)
EGFRシグナル伝達が、小グリア細胞の活性化および/またはTDP43の封入体の形成を阻害するように阻害される、項目1または2に記載の方法。
(項目4)
TDP43の脱アセチル化を誘導することにより、TDP43の封入体の形成が阻害される、項目3に記載の方法。
(項目5)
EGFRシグナル伝達が、前記被験体におけるEGFRチロシンキナーゼ活性を阻害することにより阻害される、先行する項目のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
(項目6)
EGFRシグナル伝達が、前記被験体にEGFRチロシンキナーゼの阻害剤を投与することにより阻害される、先行する項目のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
(項目7)
前記チロシンキナーゼ阻害剤は、ゲフィチニブ、エルロチニブ、ブリガチニブ、ラパチニブ、アファチニブ、およびイコチニブからなる群より選択される小分子チロシンキナーゼ阻害剤である、項目6に記載の方法。
(項目8)
前記EGFRチロシンキナーゼ阻害剤が、P−糖タンパク質阻害剤とともに前記被験体に同時投与されるか、または逐次的に投与される、項目6または7に記載の方法。
(項目9)
EGFRシグナル伝達が、EGFRの細胞外結合ドメインへのリガンドの結合を阻害することによって阻害される、項目1から4のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
(項目10)
EGFRシグナル伝達が、EGFRの細胞外結合ドメインに特異的に結合するモノクローナル抗体を前記被験体に投与することによって阻害される、項目1から4、または9のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
(項目11)
前記モノクローナル抗体が、セツキシマブ、パニツムマブ、ザルツムマブ、ニモツズマブおよびマツズマブからなる群より選択される、項目10に記載の方法。
(項目12)
IL−1βおよびNFkBの産生を阻害し、ならびに/またはTDP43の封入体の形成を阻害するように、MyD88依存性TLR/IL−R1シグナル伝達が阻害される、先行する項目のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
(項目13)
TDP43の封入体の形成が、TDP43のリン酸化を阻害することにより阻害される、項目12に記載の方法。
(項目14)
MyD88依存性TLR/IL−R1シグナル伝達が、IRAK1および/またはIRAK4を阻害することにより阻害される、先行する項目のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
(項目15)
IRAK1および/またはIRAK4の小分子阻害剤を前記被験体に投与することによって、IRAK1および/またはIRAK4が阻害される、項目14に記載の方法。
(項目16)
前記阻害剤が、レスタウルチニブ、タマチニブ、スニチニブ、SU−14813、スタウロスポリン、NVP−TAE684、KW−2449、クリゾチニブ、ゲフィチニブ、AST−487、ドビチニブ、JNJ−28312141、フェドラチニブ、アファチニブ、ルキソリチニブ、カネルチニブ、アルボシジブ、ボスチニブ、イマチニブ、バンデタニブ、PHA−665752、BI−2536、ネラチニブおよびタンヅチニブからなる群より選択される、項目14または15に記載の方法。
(項目17)
前記阻害剤がゲフィチニブである、項目14または15に記載の方法。
(項目18)
ゲフィチニブを前記被験体に投与することにより、EGFRシグナル伝達、およびMyD88依存性TLR/IL−R1シグナル伝達が阻害される、先行する項目のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
(項目19)
EGFRシグナル伝達の阻害剤、およびMyD88依存性TLR/IL−R1シグナル伝達の阻害剤が、前記被験体の脳または脊髄に直接投与される、先行する項目のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
(項目20)
前記IRAK1および/またはIRAK4の阻害剤が、P−糖タンパク質阻害剤とともに前記被験体に同時投与されるか、または逐次的に投与される、項目15から18のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
(項目21)
前記神経変性疾患が運動ニューロン疾患である、先行する項目のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
(項目22)
前記運動ニューロン疾患が筋萎縮性側索硬化症(ALS)である、項目21に記載の方法。
(項目23)
前記神経変性疾患が家族性神経変性疾患である、先行する項目のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
(項目24)
神経変性疾患の予防または処置において使用するための、EGFRシグナル伝達の阻害剤およびMyD88依存性TLR/IL−R1シグナル伝達の阻害剤。
(項目25)
神経変性疾患の予防または処置のための医薬の製造における、EGFRシグナル伝達の阻害剤、およびMyD88依存性TLR/IL−R1シグナル伝達の阻害剤の使用。
(項目26)
前記EGFR阻害剤が、小グリア細胞の活性化および/またはTDP43の封入体の形成を阻害するように、EGFRシグナル伝達を阻害する、項目24または25に記載の使用。
(項目27)
前記EGFR阻害剤が、TDP43の脱アセチル化を誘導することによってTDP43の封入体の形成を阻害する、項目24から26のいずれか一項に記載の使用。
(項目28)
前記EGFR阻害剤が、EGFRチロシンキナーゼ活性を阻害することによりEGFRシグナル伝達を阻害する、項目24から27のいずれか一項に記載の使用。
(項目29)
前記EGFRシグナル伝達の阻害剤が、EGFRチロシンキナーゼの阻害剤である、項目24から28のいずれか一項に記載の使用。
(項目30)
前記チロシンキナーゼ阻害剤が、ゲフィチニブ、エルロチニブ、ブリガチニブ、ラパチニブ、アファチニブおよびイコチニブからなる群より選択される小分子チロシンキナーゼ阻害剤である、項目29に記載の使用。
(項目31)
前記EGFRシグナル伝達の阻害剤が、EGFRの細胞外結合ドメインへのリガンドの結合を阻害する、項目24から28のいずれか一項に記載の使用。
(項目32)
前記EGFRシグナル伝達の阻害剤が、EGFRの細胞外結合ドメインに特異的に結合するモノクローナル抗体またはその抗原結合フラグメントである、項目24から28または31のいずれか一項に記載の使用。
(項目33)
前記モノクローナル抗体が、セツキシマブ、パニツムマブ、ザルツムマブ、ニモツズマブおよびマツズマブからなる群より選択される、項目32に記載の使用。
(項目34)
前記MyD88依存性TLR/IL−R1シグナル伝達の阻害剤が、IL−1βおよびNFkBの産生を阻害する、ならびに/またはTDP43の封入体の形成を阻害するように、MyD88依存性TLR/IL−R1シグナル伝達を阻害する、項目24から33のいずれか一項に記載の使用。
(項目35)
前記MyD88依存性TLR/IL−R1シグナル伝達の阻害剤が、TDP43のリン酸化を阻害することによってTDP43の封入体の形成を阻害する、項目34に記載の使用。
(項目36)
前記MyD88依存性TLR/IL−R1シグナル伝達の阻害剤が、IRAK1および/またはIRAK4を阻害することによってMyD88依存性TLR/IL−R1シグナル伝達を阻害する、項目24から35のいずれか一項に記載の使用。
(項目37)
前記MyD88依存性TLR/IL−R1シグナル伝達の阻害剤が、IRAK1および/またはIRAK4の小分子阻害剤である、項目36に記載の使用。
(項目38)
前記阻害剤が、レスタウルチニブ、タマチニブ、スニチニブ、SU−14813、スタウロスポリン、NVP−TAE684、KW−2449、クリゾチニブ、ゲフィチニブ、AST−487、ドビチニブ、JNJ−28312141、フェドラチニブ、アファチニブ、ルキソリチニブ、カネルチニブ、アルボシジブ、ボスチニブ、イマチニブ、バンデタニブ、PHA−665752、BI−2536、ネラチニブおよびタンヅチニブからなる群より選択される、項目36または37に記載の使用。
(項目39)
前記阻害剤がゲフィチニブである、項目36または37に記載の使用。
(項目40)
前記EGFRシグナル伝達およびMyD88依存性TLR/IL−R1シグナル伝達の阻害剤がゲフィチニブである、項目24から39のいずれか一項に記載の使用。
(項目41)
前記EGFRシグナル伝達の阻害剤および前記MyD88依存性TLR/IL−R1シグナル伝達の阻害剤が、脳または脊髄に直接投与される、項目24から40のいずれか一項に記載の使用。
(項目42)
P−糖タンパク質阻害剤をさらに含む、項目24から40のいずれか一項に記載の使用。
(項目43)
前記神経変性疾患が運動ニューロン疾患である、項目24から42のいずれか一項に記載の使用。
(項目44)
前記運動ニューロン疾患がALSである、項目43に記載の使用。
(項目45)
前記神経変性疾患が家族性神経変性疾患である、項目24から44のいずれか一項に記載の使用。
(項目46)
EGFRシグナル伝達の阻害剤、およびMyD88依存性TLR/IL−R1シグナル伝達の阻害剤、ならびに薬学的に許容される担体、賦形剤または希釈剤を含む薬学的組成物であって、前記EGFRシグナル伝達の阻害剤および前記MyD88依存性TLR/IL−R1シグナル伝達の阻害剤は異なる化合物である、薬学的組成物。
(項目47)
(a)EGFRシグナル伝達の阻害剤;および(b)MyD88依存性TLR/IL−R1シグナル伝達の阻害剤を含む組み合わせ調製物であって、前記EGFRシグナル伝達の阻害剤、および前記MyD88依存性TLR/IL−R1シグナル伝達の阻害剤が異なる化合物である、組み合わせ調製物。
(項目48)
P−糖タンパク質阻害剤をさらに含む、項目46に記載の薬学的組成物または項目47に記載の組み合わせ調製物。
(項目49)
前記P−糖タンパク質阻害剤が、シクロスポリンA、ケトコナゾール、キニジン、リトナビル、ベラパミル、エベロリムス、およびエラクリダールからなる群より選択される、項目8または項目20に記載の方法、または項目48に記載の薬学的組成物、もしくは組み合わせ調製物。
(項目50)
ゲフィチニブおよびP−糖タンパク質阻害剤を含む、組成物。
(項目51)
ゲフィチニブおよびP−糖タンパク質阻害剤、ならびに薬学的に許容される担体、賦形剤または希釈剤を含む、薬学的組成物。
(項目52)
(a)ゲフィチニブ;および(b)P−糖タンパク質阻害剤を含む、組み合わせ調製物。
(項目53)
前記P−糖タンパク質阻害剤が、シクロスポリンA、ケトコナゾール、キニジン、リトナビル、ベラパミル、エベロリムス、およびエラクリダールからなる群より選択される、項目50に記載の組成物、項目51に記載の薬学的組成物または項目52に記載の組み合わせ調製物。
(項目54)
前記P−糖タンパク質阻害剤がキニジンである、項目50に記載の組成物、項目51に記載の薬学的組成物、または項目52に記載の組み合わせ調製物。
(項目55)
CNSへの直接投与に適しているか、または適合されている、EGFRシグナル伝達の阻害剤、およびMyD88依存性TLR/IL−R1シグナル伝達の阻害剤、ならびに薬学的に許容される担体、賦形剤または希釈剤を含む、薬学的組成物。
(項目56)
内因性CSF中に存在する1つまたは複数の電解質を含み、前記1つまたは複数の電解質が、ナトリウムイオン、カリウムイオン、カルシウムイオン、マグネシウムイオン、リン含有イオンおよび塩化物イオンから選択される、項目55に記載の薬学的組成物。
(項目57)
150mMのナトリウムイオン、3mMのカリウムイオン、1.4mMのカルシウムイオン、0.8mMのマグネシウムイオン、1.0mMのリン含有イオン、および155mMの塩化物イオンを含む溶液を含む、項目56に記載の薬学的組成物。
(項目58)
前記EGFRシグナル伝達の阻害剤、および前記MyD88依存性TLR/IL−R1シグナル伝達の阻害剤がゲフィチニブである、項目55から57のいずれか一項に記載の薬学的組成物。
(項目59)
神経変性疾患の予防または処置において使用するための、項目50から58のいずれか一項に記載の組成物、薬学的組成物または組み合わせ調製物。
(項目60)
神経変性疾患を予防または処置するための医薬の製造における、項目50から58のいずれか一項に記載の組成物、薬学的組成物または組み合わせ調製物の使用。
(項目61)
前記神経変性疾患が運動ニューロン疾患である、項目59または60に記載の使用。
(項目62)
前記運動ニューロン疾患が筋萎縮性側索硬化症(ALS)である、項目61に記載の使用。
(項目63)
前記神経変性疾患が家族性神経変性疾患である、項目59から62のいずれか一項に記載の使用。
(項目64)
前記P−糖タンパク質阻害剤がエラクリダールである、項目8または20に記載の方法、項目42に記載の使用、項目48に記載の薬学的組成物もしくは組み合わせ調製物、項目50に記載の組成物、項目51に記載の薬学的組成物、または項目52に記載の組み合わせ調製物。
250mgのゲフィチニブをALSに罹患しているヒト被験体に600mgのキニジン(P−gp阻害剤)と共に1日1回、同時投与する。250mgのゲフィチニブの投与は、およそ250nMの血漿濃度をもたらす。マウスにおいては、このような血漿濃度はおよそ100nMの全脳濃度と関連している。ゲフィチニブとキニジンの同時投与は、ゲフィチニブに対する脳曝露を増加させる。そのような量のゲフィチニブの投与は、その薬理学的特性に基づきEGFRおよびIRAK1を阻害するのに十分であると期待される:
EGFRでのKi:1nM
IRAK1でのKi:70nM
IRAK4でのKi:500nM
この実施例は、ALSのin vitroモデルにおける運動ニューロン生存に対するゲフィチニブの効果を記載する。このモデルは、ヒト線維芽細胞由来アストロサイトおよびマウスHb9−GFP+運動ニューロンを共培養において使用する(Meyerら、2014年、PNAS 111巻、829〜832頁)。線維芽細胞は、アストロサイトに分化した誘導された神経前駆細胞(iNPC)に再プログラミングされた。ALS患者由来のアストロサイトは、共培養における野生型Hb9−GFP+マウス運動ニューロンの死を引き起こすが、これは正常(非ALS)患者由来のアストロサイトには見られない特性である。興味深いことに、ALSアストロサイトは、運動ニューロンの存在下で10〜15倍増加した代謝および酸化ストレスのいくつかの異常を示す。
iNPCは、以前に記載されているように、ALS患者線維芽細胞に由来しており(Meyerら、2014年、PNAS 111巻、829〜832頁)、追加補充されたDMEM(Sigma)(10%(v/v)FBS(Sigma)、50ユニット/mlペニシリン/ストレプトマイシン(Lonza)、1×N−2サプリメント(Thermo−Fisher Scientific))中で少なくとも5日間培養することによりiアストロサイトに分化させた。マウスHb9−GFP+運動ニューロンを、以前に記載されるように、マウスHb9−GFP+胚性幹細胞から胚様体を介して分化させた(Haidet−Phillipsら、2011年、Nature Biotechnology 29巻、824〜828頁;Wichterleら、2002年、Cell 110巻、385〜397頁)。
図3にプロットされた結果は、ゲフィチニブが3人の異なる患者からの共培養物における運動ニューロン生存の用量依存性増加を促進することを示しており、ゲフィチニブがALSに罹った患者において有益な効果を有することを示唆している。
ALSアストロサイト/運動ニューロン共培養物における運動ニューロン生存の減少によって明らかとなるように、ALS患者由来のアストロサイトの毒性がゲフィチニブによって減少することが、これらの結果から結論付けられた。理論に縛られることは望まないが、これらの結果はゲフィチニブによるEGFRおよびIRAK1の阻害と一致している。そのような阻害は、マイドソーム駆動NFkBの生成を阻害して、そのことによって運動ニューロンを保護することが期待される。
ゲフィチニブがALSの処置に有効であるためには、それがCNSに入ることが重要である。この実施例は、異なるP−gp阻害剤の事前投与とともにゲフィチニブの経口投与に引き続く、C57BL/6マウスにおけるゲフィチニブの脳への進入の分析結果を記載する。
Claims (16)
- 神経変性疾患を予防または処置するための組成物であって、そのような予防または処置を必要とする被験体の中枢神経系における、EGFRシグナル伝達の阻害剤、およびMyD88依存性TLR/IL−R1シグナル伝達の阻害剤を含み、前記神経変性疾患が運動ニューロン疾患であり、前記運動ニューロン疾患が筋萎縮性側索硬化症(ALS)であり、前記EGFRシグナル伝達の阻害剤、およびMyD88依存性TLR/IL−R1シグナル伝達の阻害剤がゲフィチニブである、組成物。
- 前記被験体の小グリア細胞、アストロサイト、またはニューロンにおいて、前記EGFRシグナル伝達の阻害剤が、EGFRシグナル伝達を阻害し、前記MyD88依存性TLR/IL−R1シグナル伝達の阻害剤が、MyD88依存性TLR/IL−R1シグナル伝達を阻害する、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 前記EGFRシグナル伝達の阻害剤が、小グリア細胞の活性化および/またはTDP43の封入体の形成を阻害する、請求項1または2に記載の組成物。
- TDP43の脱アセチル化を誘導することにより、TDP43の封入体の形成が阻害される、請求項3に記載の組成物。
- 前記EGFRシグナル伝達の阻害剤が、前記被験体におけるEGFRチロシンキナーゼ活性を阻害する、請求項1から4のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- 前記EGFRシグナル伝達の阻害剤が、EGFRチロシンキナーゼの阻害剤である、請求項1から5のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- 前記EGFRチロシンキナーゼの阻害剤が、P−糖タンパク質阻害剤とともに前記被験体に同時投与されるか、または逐次的に投与されることを特徴とする、請求項6に記載の組成物。
- 前記EGFRシグナル伝達の阻害剤が、EGFRの細胞外結合ドメインへのリガンドの結合を阻害する、請求項1から4のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- 前記MyD88依存性TLR/IL−R1シグナル伝達の阻害剤が、IL−1βおよびNFkBの産生を阻害し、ならびに/またはTDP43の封入体の形成を阻害するように、MyD88依存性TLR/IL−R1シグナル伝達を阻害する、請求項1から8のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- TDP43の封入体の形成が、TDP43のリン酸化を阻害することにより阻害される
、請求項9に記載の組成物。 - 前記MyD88依存性TLR/IL−R1シグナル伝達の阻害剤が、IRAK1および/またはIRAK4を阻害することによりMyD88依存性TLR/IL−R1シグナル伝達を阻害する、請求項1から10のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- 前記MyD88依存性TLR/IL−R1シグナル伝達の阻害剤が、IRAK1および/またはIRAK4の小分子阻害剤である、請求項11に記載の組成物。
- 前記組成物が、前記被験体の脳または脊髄に直接投与されることを特徴とする、請求項1から12のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- 前記IRAK1および/またはIRAK4の阻害剤が、P−糖タンパク質阻害剤とともに前記被験体に同時投与されるか、または逐次的に投与されることを特徴とする、請求項12に記載の組成物。
- 前記神経変性疾患が家族性神経変性疾患である、請求項1から14のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- 前記P−糖タンパク質阻害剤が、シクロスポリンA、ケトコナゾール、キニジン、リトナビル、ベラパミル、エベロリムス、およびエラクリダールからなる群より選択される、請求項7および請求項9から15のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
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