JP6883449B2 - 電磁波シールド材 - Google Patents
電磁波シールド材 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP6883449B2 JP6883449B2 JP2017047792A JP2017047792A JP6883449B2 JP 6883449 B2 JP6883449 B2 JP 6883449B2 JP 2017047792 A JP2017047792 A JP 2017047792A JP 2017047792 A JP2017047792 A JP 2017047792A JP 6883449 B2 JP6883449 B2 JP 6883449B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- metal foil
- resin layer
- electromagnetic wave
- wave shielding
- shielding material
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
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Images
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K9/00—Screening of apparatus or components against electric or magnetic fields
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- H05K9/0084—Electromagnetic shielding materials, e.g. EMI, RFI shielding comprising a single continuous metallic layer on an electrically insulating supporting structure, e.g. metal foil, film, plating coating, electro-deposition, vapour-deposition
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Description
少なくとも一枚の金属箔及び少なくとも二層の樹脂層が密着積層した多層構造を有する電磁波シールド材であって、
各金属箔はその両面が樹脂層と密着積層されており、
各金属箔は、隣接する二層の樹脂層のそれぞれと、下記の関係を満たす電磁波シールド材。
0.02≦VM/VM’≦1.2
VM:金属箔と樹脂層との合計体積に対する金属箔の体積率
VM’:(σR−σR’)/(σM+σR−σR’)
σM:金属箔に引張応力を与えたときの破断時の金属箔の真応力(MPa)
σR:樹脂層に引張応力を与えたときの破断時の樹脂層の真応力(MPa)
σR’:金属箔破断時の対数歪みと同じ対数歪みを樹脂層に与えたときの樹脂層の真応力(MPa)
0.2≦VM/VM’≦0.6
本発明に係る電磁波シールド材に使用する金属箔の材料としては特に制限はないが、交流磁界や交流電界に対するシールド特性を高める観点からは、導電性に優れた金属材料とすることが好ましい。具体的には、導電率が1.0×106S/m(20℃の値。以下同じ。)以上の金属によって形成することが好ましく、金属の導電率が10.0×106S/m以上であるとより好ましく、30.0×106S/m以上であると更により好ましく、50.0×106S/m以上であると最も好ましい。このような金属としては、導電率が約9.9×106S/mの鉄、導電率が約14.5×106S/mのニッケル、導電率が約39.6×106S/mのアルミニウム、導電率が約58.0×106S/mの銅、及び導電率が約61.4×106S/mの銀が挙げられる。導電率とコストの双方を考慮すると、アルミニウム又は銅を採用することが実用性上好ましい。本発明に係るシールド材に使用する金属箔はすべて同一の金属であってもよいし、層毎に異なる金属を使用してもよい。また、上述した金属を含有する合金を使用することもできる。
一般的に、樹脂層は金属箔と比較して延性が高い。このため、各金属箔の両面を樹脂層によりサポートすることにより、金属箔の延性が顕著に向上し、シールド材の成形加工性が有意に向上する。金属箔同士を直接重ねても成形加工性の向上効果を得ることはできない。
電磁波シールド材(単に「シールド材」ともいう。)は一枚、好ましくは二枚以上、より好ましくは三枚以上の金属箔が樹脂層を介して密着積層された構造とすることができる。このとき、各金属箔はその両面が樹脂層と密着積層されるような構造とすることが金属箔の延性を向上させてシールド材の成形加工性を高める上で望ましい。つまり、金属箔がシールド材の最外層を形成する態様や、シールド材の内層で複数の金属箔が樹脂層を介することなく積層された箇所がある態様よりも、積層体の両最外層が樹脂層で構成され、樹脂層と金属箔が交互に一層ずつ積層された構成が好ましい。
(1)樹脂層/金属箔/樹脂層
(2)樹脂層/金属箔/樹脂層/金属箔/樹脂層
(3)樹脂層/金属箔/樹脂層/金属箔/樹脂層/金属箔/樹脂層
(4)(樹脂フィルム/接着剤層)/金属箔/(接着剤層/樹脂フィルム層)
(4’)樹脂層/金属箔/樹脂層
(5)(樹脂フィルム/接着剤層)/金属箔/(接着剤層/樹脂フィルム層/接着剤層)/金属箔/(接着剤層/樹脂フィルム)
(5’)樹脂層/金属箔/樹脂層/金属箔/樹脂層
0.02≦VM/VM’≦1.2
VM:金属箔と樹脂層との合計体積に対する金属箔の体積率
VM’:(σR−σR’)/(σM+σR−σR’)
σM:金属箔に引張応力を与えたときの破断時の金属箔の応力(MPa)
σR:樹脂層に引張応力を与えたときの破断時の樹脂層の応力(MPa)
σR’:金属箔破断時の歪み(εM)と同じ歪みを樹脂層に与えたときの樹脂層の応力(MPa)
各樹脂層のσR及びσR’はシールド材を構成する樹脂層と同一の樹脂層単体に対してJIS K7127:1999に準拠して、幅12.7mm×長さ150mmの試験片を作製し、25℃の温度下で引張速度50mm/minで試験片の長手方向に引張試験を行うことにより求める。樹脂層が表面処理を受けたものである場合は当該表面処理を行った後の樹脂層に対してσR及びσR’を測定する。また、樹脂層が接着剤層を含む場合には、硬化後の接着剤層が積層された状態で樹脂層のσR及びσR’を測定する。
VM’=(σR−σR’)/(σM+σR−σR’)
本発明者は、上記の式に基づき1枚の金属箔と1層の樹脂層が張り合わされた積層体についてVM及びVM’を算出し、延性との関係を調査したところ、VMがVM’と比較して小さくなるほど金属箔の延性が向上することがわかった。特に金属箔と金属箔の両面に積層されている二層の樹脂層のそれぞれと、VM/VM’≦1.2を満たすときに積層体の成形加工性が向上し、VM/VM’≦0.9を満たすときに積層体の成形加工性が更に向上し、VM/VM’≦0.6を満たすときに積層体の成形加工性がより一層向上する。但し、VM/VM’が小さすぎるとフィルムが厚すぎる、または強度が高すぎるため、圧縮空気成形では十分に成形しきれなくなることから、0.02≦VM/VM’であることが好ましく、0.1≦VM/VM’であることがより好ましく、0.2≦VM/VM’であることが更により好ましい。
金属箔として以下の材料を準備した。導電率はJIS C2525:1999のダブルブリッジ法で測定した。
Cu:圧延銅箔(20℃での導電率:58.0×106S/m、厚さ:表1参照)、実施例17のみ電解銅箔(20℃での導電率:58.0×106S/m、厚さ:表1参照)
*圧延銅箔については、添加元素を添加していない純銅箔と、Agを0.2wt%程度添加してσMを低下させた銅合金箔を使用した。なお、微量添加のため、導電率にはほとんど変化はない。
Al:アルミ箔(20℃での導電率:39.6×106S/m、厚さ:表1参照)
*アルミ箔は、厚みの大きなアルミニウム素材を圧延することにより製造した。最終圧延の加工度でσMを変化させた。σMは加工度を高くすることで大きくすることができ、加工度を低くすることで小さくすることができる。
Ni:ニッケル箔(市販品、20℃での導電率:14.5×106S/m、厚さ:表1参照)
Fe:鉄箔(市販品、20℃での導電率:9.9×106S/m、厚さ:表1参照)
SUS:ステンレス箔(市販品、20℃での導電率:1.4×106S/m、厚さ:表1参照)
以下の条件で金属箔の両面に試験番号に応じて表1に記載の条件に従って表面処理を行った。表中、「−」とあるのは表面処理を行わなかったことを意味する。
粗化処理:粗化処理液(Cu:10〜25g/L、H2SO4:20〜100g/L、温度25〜35℃)を用い、電流密度30〜70A/dm2、電解時間1〜5秒で電解処理を行った。その後、Ni−Coめっき液(Coイオン濃度:5〜15g/L、Niイオン濃度:5〜15g/L)を用い、温度30〜50℃、電流密度:1〜4A/dm2でNi−Coめっきを行った。
シラン処理:エポキシシラン処理液(エポキシシラン:0.1〜2wt%水溶液)に浸漬処理した。
クロメート処理:クロメート浴(K2Cr2O7:0.5〜5g/L、温度50〜60℃)を用い、電流密度0.5〜2A/dm2で電解処理した。
Niめっき+クロメート処理:Niめっき浴(Niイオン濃度:15〜25g/Lのワット浴)を用い、めっき液温度30〜50℃、電流密度1〜4A/dm2でNiめっきを行った後、上記と同様にクロメート処理を行った。
樹脂フィルムとして以下の材料を準備した。何れも市販品である。比誘電率はJIS C 2151:2006に記載のB法により測定した。
PET:ポリエチレンテレフタレートフィルム(20℃での比誘電率:3.0〜3.5、融点:220℃、厚さ:表1参照)
*PETについては、複数メーカの種々のグレードのPETフィルムを使用することで、σRを変化させた。σRは延伸条件を変化させる、又は、異なる分子構造のモノマーを複数種類配合させることなどにより変化させることが可能である。例えば2軸延伸時の延伸度を高くすると結晶化度が大きくなってσRを大きくすることができ、延伸度が低くなると結晶化度が小さくなって、σRを小さくすることができる。また、同じ延伸度でも結晶化しにくいモノマーを配合すると結晶化度が小さくなるので、σRを小さくすることができる。
PI:ポリイミドフィルム(20℃での比誘電率:3.5、融点:なし、厚さ:表1参照)
PA:ポリアミドフィルム(20℃での比誘電率:6.0、融点:300℃、厚さ:表1参照)
また、接着剤として以下のイソシアネート硬化型のポリウレタン系接着剤を準備した。
接着剤:主剤:RU−80、硬化剤:H−5(いずれもロックペイント社製)
接着剤の硬化後の引張弾性率を先述した方法により島津製作所社製精密型万能試験装置AGS−Xを用いて測定したところ、600MPaであった。
上記の金属箔及び樹脂フィルムを用いて、表1に記載の積層構造の各種電磁波シールド材を作製した。金属箔及び樹脂フィルムについて、貼り合わせ面の面積は同じとし、互いにはみ出さないように積層した。樹脂層にPETを使用した例ではPETの貼合面に、接着剤をバーコーター(第一理化株式会社製)で塗布した。接着剤層の厚さは接着剤の固形分濃度とバーコーターの番手により調整した。次に80℃で1分間乾燥させて余分な溶剤を揮発させ、金属箔を張り合わせた後、硬化反応を促進するため40℃で7日間保持して金属箔と樹脂層を密着積層した。PIを使用した例では接着剤を使用することなく圧力4MPaで330℃×0.5時間で熱圧着することにより金属箔と樹脂層を密着積層した。PAを使用した例では接着剤を使用することなく圧力6MPaで300℃×0.5時間で熱圧着することにより金属箔と樹脂層を密着積層した。
R1とM1についてのM1の体積率VM11=M1の厚さ/(R1の厚さ+M1の厚さ)
M1とR2についてのM1の体積率VM12=M1の厚さ/(M1の厚さ+R2の厚さ)
R1とM1についてのVM’をVM’11とすると、VM’11=(σR1−σR’11)/(σM1+σR1−σR’11)で表される。
σM1:M1に引張応力を与えたときのM1破断時の応力
σR1:R1に引張応力を与えたときのR1破断時の応力
σR’11:R1にM1破断時の歪み(εM1)と同じ歪みを与えたときの応力
M1とR2についてのVM’をVM’12とすると、VM’12=(σR2−σR’12)/(σM1+σR2−σR’12)で表される。
σM1:M1に引張応力を与えたときのM1破断時の応力
σR2:R2に引張応力を与えたときのR2破断時の応力
σR’12:R2にM1破断時の歪み(εM1)と同じ歪みを与えたときの応力
以上の計算によって、R1とM1についてのVM11/VM’11、M1とR2についてのVM12/VM’12をそれぞれ算出した。
他の実施例及び比較例についても同様の方法で隣接し合う樹脂層と金属箔の間のVM/VM’を算出した。結果を表2及び6に示す。
90mm×90mmのシート状の電磁波シールド材の各試験品に対して、圧空成形試験機(北口精機社製、特注品)により、直径30mmの半球を作る金型にて、金型温度25℃の条件で成形試験を行った。圧縮空気圧力は3MPa(絶対圧)としたが、3MPaでは試験品が破断してしまう場合には圧縮空気圧力を3MPaよりも低下させて成形を行ない、破断が生じない最大の圧縮空気圧力で成形を行った。成形品は、半球の外周面側が表1の「積層構造」の欄に示す最も右側の材料となるように製造した。
圧空成形後、試験片を取り出して成形深さを測定した。また、金属箔及び樹脂層の破断の有無を確認した。破断の有無は、成形品の最外層のみならず、X線CT(東芝ITコントロールシステム製マイクロCTスキャナ、TOSCANER32251μhd、管電流120μA、管電圧80kV)により内部も観察することにより確認した。
圧縮空気圧力が3MPa以下の範囲で、金属箔及び樹脂層の何れの破断も発生することなく成形できた最大深さを、その試験片の最大成形深さとした。最大成形深さが4mmを下回るものを成形性×、4mm以上6mm未満のものを○、6mm以上のものを◎とした。結果を表7に示す。
実施例1、2、4、5、24及び25の電磁波シールド材については、シールド効果評価装置(テクノサイエンスジャパン社 型式TSES−KEC)に設置して、25℃の条件下で、KEC法により100MHzにおける電界シールド効果を評価した。また、実施例24及び25の電磁波シールド材については、同じシールド効果評価装置にて、25℃の条件下で、KEC法により1MHzにおける磁界シールド効果を評価した。結果を表7に示す。
実施例1〜27(但し、実施例12は参考例)に係る電磁波シールド材は、隣り合う金属箔と樹脂層の関係が良好(0.02≦VM/VM’≦1.2)であったため、成形加工性が優れていた。
また、隣り合う金属箔と樹脂層の関係は、好ましい範囲(0.1≦VM/VM’≦0.9)に設定することで成形加工性が向上し、より好ましい範囲(0.2≦VM/VM’≦0.6)に設定することで成形加工性が更に向上したことが分かる。
比較例1〜3は金属箔を一枚しか使用していないことで成形加工性が実施例に比べて悪かった。
比較例4、7及び8は、隣り合う金属箔と樹脂層の関係は良好(0.02≦VM/VM’≦1.2)であったものの、シールド材を構成する金属箔の中に両面が樹脂層によってサポートされていなかったものが存在したために成形加工性が実施例に比べて悪かった。
比較例5、6、9及び10は隣り合う金属箔と樹脂層の関係が不適切であったため、成形加工性が実施例に比べて悪かった。
Claims (8)
- 少なくとも一枚の金属箔及び少なくとも二層の樹脂層が密着積層した多層構造を有する電磁波シールド材であって、
各金属箔はその両面が樹脂層と密着積層されており、
各金属箔は、隣接する二層の樹脂層のそれぞれと、下記の関係を満たす電磁波シールド材。
0.02≦VM/VM’ <1
VM:金属箔と樹脂層との合計体積に対する金属箔の体積率
VM’:(σR−σR’)/(σM+σR−σR’)
σM:金属箔に引張応力を与えたときの破断時の金属箔の真応力(MPa)
σR:樹脂層に引張応力を与えたときの破断時の樹脂層の真応力(MPa)
σR’:金属箔破断時の対数歪みと同じ対数歪みを樹脂層に与えたときの樹脂層の真応力(MPa) - 各金属箔は、隣接する二層の樹脂層と、それぞれ下記の関係を満たす請求項1に記載の電磁波シールド材。
0.2≦VM/VM’≦0.6 - 電磁波シールド材を構成する各金属箔の厚さが4〜100μmである請求項1又は2に記載の電磁波シールド材。
- 電磁波シールド材を構成する各樹脂層の厚さが4〜250μmである請求項1〜3の何れか一項に記載の電磁波シールド材。
- 電磁波シールド材を構成する金属箔及び樹脂層は接着剤層を介さないで熱圧着によって密着積層されている請求項1〜4の何れか一項に記載の電磁波シールド材。
- 金属箔の合計厚さは100μm以下であり、且つ、樹脂層の合計厚さは500μm以下である請求項1〜5の何れか一項に記載の電磁波シールド材。
- 請求項1〜6の何れか一項に記載の電磁波シールド材を成形することを含む電磁波シールド成形品の製造方法。
- 成形が圧空成形により行われる請求項7に記載の電磁波シールド成形品の製造方法。
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