JP6869338B2 - リチウム二次電池 - Google Patents
リチウム二次電池 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP6869338B2 JP6869338B2 JP2019516384A JP2019516384A JP6869338B2 JP 6869338 B2 JP6869338 B2 JP 6869338B2 JP 2019516384 A JP2019516384 A JP 2019516384A JP 2019516384 A JP2019516384 A JP 2019516384A JP 6869338 B2 JP6869338 B2 JP 6869338B2
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- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- lithium
- negative electrode
- secondary battery
- group
- carbonate
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 128
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 91
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 claims description 59
- 239000005518 polymer electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 59
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 43
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 42
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 34
- 239000011244 liquid electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- -1 methylpropyl Chemical group 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 229920006037 cross link polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 18
- XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethoxyethane Chemical compound COCCOC XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000003660 carbonate based solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- WNXJIVFYUVYPPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dioxolane Chemical compound C1COCO1 WNXJIVFYUVYPPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Furan Chemical compound C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004210 ether based solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCC OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- GSNUFIFRDBKVIE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,5-dimethylfuran Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(C)O1 GSNUFIFRDBKVIE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- VQKFNUFAXTZWDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Methylfuran Chemical compound CC1=CC=CO1 VQKFNUFAXTZWDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethyl ether Chemical compound COC LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
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- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000003302 alkenyloxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- SBZXBUIDTXKZTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N diglyme Chemical compound COCCOCCOC SBZXBUIDTXKZTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- RRQYJINTUHWNHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethoxy-2-(2-ethoxyethoxy)ethane Chemical compound CCOCCOCCOCC RRQYJINTUHWNHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- KIAMPLQEZAMORJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethoxy-2-[2-(2-ethoxyethoxy)ethoxy]ethane Chemical compound CCOCCOCCOCCOCC KIAMPLQEZAMORJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000733 Li alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000002723 alicyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000000304 alkynyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
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- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940019778 diethylene glycol diethyl ether Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- VUPKGFBOKBGHFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipropyl carbonate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)OCCC VUPKGFBOKBGHFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001989 lithium alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- YFNKIDBQEZZDLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N triglyme Chemical compound COCCOCCOCCOC YFNKIDBQEZZDLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- ZZXUZKXVROWEIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-butylene carbonate Chemical compound CCC1COC(=O)O1 ZZXUZKXVROWEIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dioxane Chemical compound C1COCCO1 RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- DURPTKYDGMDSBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-butoxybutane Chemical compound CCCCOCCCC DURPTKYDGMDSBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- LWLOKSXSAUHTJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,5-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound CC1OC(=O)OC1C LWLOKSXSAUHTJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- LSUWCXHZPFTZSF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-ethyl-5-methyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound CCC1OC(=O)OC1C LSUWCXHZPFTZSF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- LBKMJZAKWQTTHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methyldioxolane Chemical compound CC1COOC1 LBKMJZAKWQTTHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- JWUJQDFVADABEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyltetrahydrofuran Chemical compound CC1CCCO1 JWUJQDFVADABEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- FICAQKBMCKEFDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,5-dimethyl-1,2-oxazole Chemical compound CC=1C=C(C)ON=1 FICAQKBMCKEFDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- QKBJDEGZZJWPJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl propyl carbonate Chemical compound [CH2]COC(=O)OCCC QKBJDEGZZJWPJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 22
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 21
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 description 14
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 13
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 description 13
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 11
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000002161 passivation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 5
- 210000001787 dendrite Anatomy 0.000 description 5
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 5
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- VAYTZRYEBVHVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dioxol-2-one Chemical compound O=C1OC=CO1 VAYTZRYEBVHVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- MTPIZGPBYCHTGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2,2-bis(2-prop-2-enoyloxyethoxymethyl)butoxy]ethyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OCCOCC(CC)(COCCOC(=O)C=C)COCCOC(=O)C=C MTPIZGPBYCHTGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 4
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 4
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- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910000625 lithium cobalt oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- BFZPBUKRYWOWDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;oxido(oxo)cobalt Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][Co]=O BFZPBUKRYWOWDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 229910015645 LiMn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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Description
したがって、本発明の目的は、負極にエーテル系溶媒を含むゲル高分子電解質を、正極にカーボネート系溶媒を含む液体電解質を含むリチウム二次電池を提供することにある。
[製造例1]
厚さ20μmのリチウム金属薄膜を負極で使用した。電解液は、1,3−ジオキソランとエチレングリコールジメチルエーテル(DOL:DME=1:1(体積比))からなる有機溶媒に1M濃度のリチウムビスフルオロスルホニルイミド(LiFSI)を溶解させて製造した。
上記製造例1において、電解液をエチレンカーボネート、ジエチルカーボネート及びジメチルカーボネート(EC:DEC:DMC=1:2:1(体積比)からなる有機溶媒に1M濃度のリチウムヘキサフルオロホスフェート(LiPF6)を溶解させ、2重量%のVC(Vinylene Carbonate)を添加して製造されたもので使用したことを除いて、上記製造例1と同様に実施してLi/Li対称セルを製造した。
[実施例1]
正極活物質としてLiCoO2、導電材としてスーパーP及びバインダーとしてポリフッ化ビニリデン(PVDF)をそれぞれ95重量%、2.5重量%及び2.5重量%で含む正極活物質スラリーを製造した後、上記正極活物質スラリーをアルミニウム集電体上に塗布した後、乾燥することで正極を製造した。
実施例1と同様に実施するが、上記架橋高分子95重量%及び上記製造された電解液5重量%を使用して形成されたゲル高分子電解質を含むリチウム二次電池を製造した。
実施例1と同様に実施するが、上記架橋高分子75重量%及び上記製造された電解液25重量%を使用して形成されたゲル高分子電解質を含むリチウム二次電池を製造した。
上記実施例1と同一の正極と負極の間にポリエチレン分離膜を介在させた電極組立体をコインセルに挿入した後、エチレングリコールジメチルエーテル(DOL:DME=1:1(体積比))からなる有機溶媒に1M濃度のリチウムビスフルオロスルホニルイミド(LiFSI)を溶解させた電解液100μlを注入した。以後、完全に密封することで、リチウム二次電池を製造した。
上記実施例1と同一の正極と負極の間にポリエチレン分離膜を介在させた電極組立体をコインセルに挿入した後、ジメチルカーボネート(EC:DEC:DMC=1:2:1(体積比)からなる有機溶媒に1M濃度のリチウムヘキサフルオロホスフェート(LiPF6)を溶解させ、2重量%のVCを添加した電解液100μlを注入した。以後、完全に密封することで、リチウム二次電池を製造した。
上記実施例1と同様に実施するが、上記架橋高分子60重量%及び上記製造された電解液40重量%を使用して形成されたゲル高分子電解質を含むリチウム二次電池を製造した。
上記実施例1と同様に実施するが、上記ゲル高分子電解質を形成する時、架橋高分子であるトリメチロールプロパンエトキシレートトリアクリレートの代わりにポリエチレンオキシドを使用してリチウム二次電池を製造した。
上記製造例1及び2で製造された対称セルをDOD(depth of discharge)83%、1C充放電条件で充放電した。上記充放電の後、サイクル効率(%)を測定し、その結果を下記表1に示す。
上記実施例及び比較例で製造されたリチウム二次電池(電池容量4.6mAh)を55℃で0.7Cの定電流4.6Vになるまで充電し、以後、4.6Vの定電圧で充電して充電電流が0.275mAになれば充電を終了した。以後、10分間放置した後、0.5Cの定電流で3.0Vになるまで放電した。上記充放電を100サイクル行って電池容量を測定した後、初期容量対比80%を維持するサイクル回数を測定し、その結果を表2に示す。
10:負極
20:正極
30:電解質
31:ゲル高分子電解質
31a:高分子マトリックス
31b:電解液
32:液体電解質
40:分離膜
Claims (9)
- 正極、負極及び上記正極と負極の間に介在される分離膜及び電解質を含み、
上記負極と分離膜の間にゲル高分子電解質を含み、
上記正極と分離膜の間に液体電解質を含むものの、
上記ゲル高分子電解質は、上記ゲル高分子電解質の全体重量に対して30重量%以下の電解液が高分子マトリックスに担持されており、
上記高分子マトリックスは、アクリル系高分子及びウレタン系高分子からなる群から選択される1種以上の架橋高分子を含む、リチウム二次電池。 - 上記ゲル高分子電解質は、上記ゲル高分子電解質の全体重量に対して10重量%から20重量%の電解液が高分子マトリックスに担持されている、請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池。
- 上記負極は、リチウム金属またはリチウム合金を含む、請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池。
- 上記ゲル高分子電解質に含まれた電解液は、エーテル系溶媒及びリチウム塩を含む、請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池。
- 上記エーテル系溶媒は、ジメチルエーテル、ジエチルエーテル、ジブチルエーテル、エチレングリコールジメチルエーテル、ジエチレングリコールジメチルエーテル、ジエチレングリコールジエチルエーテル、トリエチレングリコールジメチルエーテル、トリエチレングリコールジエチルエーテル、1,3−ジオキソラン、4−メチルジオキソラン、1,4−ジオキサン、3,5−ジメチルイソキサゾール、2,5−ジメチルフラン、フラン、2−メチルフラン、テトラヒドロフラン及び2−メチルテトラヒドロフランからなる群から選択される1種以上である、請求項4に記載のリチウム二次電池。
- 上記液体電解質は、カーボネート系溶媒及びリチウム塩を含む、請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池。
- 上記カーボネート系溶媒は、エチレンカーボネート、プロピレンカーボネート、1,2−ブチレンカーボネート、2,3−ブチレンカーボネート、2,3−ペンチレンカーボネート、ジメチルカーボネート、ジエチルカーボネート、エチルメチルカーボネート、ジプロピルカーボネート、メチルプロピルカーボネート及びエチルプロピルカーボネートからなる群から選択される1種以上である、請求項6に記載のリチウム二次電池。
- 上記ゲル高分子電解質または液体電解質は添加剤をさらに含み、
上記添加剤は、下記化学式1で表されるスルホニルメチルイソシアナイド(sulfonylmethylisocyanide)系化合物を含む、請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池:
- 正極、負極及び上記正極と負極の間に介在される分離膜及び電解質を含み、
上記負極と分離膜の間に液体電解質を含み、
上記正極と分離膜の間にゲル高分子電解質を含むものの、
上記ゲル高分子電解質は、上記ゲル高分子電解質の全体重量に対して30重量%以下の電解液が高分子マトリックスに担持されており、
上記高分子マトリックスは、アクリル系高分子及びウレタン系高分子からなる群から選択される1種以上の架橋高分子を含む、リチウム二次電池。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
KR1020170027749A KR102148504B1 (ko) | 2017-03-03 | 2017-03-03 | 리튬 이차전지 |
KR10-2017-0027749 | 2017-03-03 | ||
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CN111106382B (zh) * | 2018-10-29 | 2024-03-26 | 北京师范大学 | 一种含有交联剂的可凝胶化体系及其制备方法和应用 |
KR102137823B1 (ko) | 2018-11-19 | 2020-07-27 | 재단법인대구경북과학기술원 | 금속 이차전지 |
CN112018427A (zh) * | 2019-05-28 | 2020-12-01 | 比亚迪股份有限公司 | 一种凝胶聚合物电池及其制备方法 |
CN110931843B (zh) * | 2019-10-28 | 2021-11-19 | 浙江锋锂新能源科技有限公司 | 一种新型的锂金属负极高电压正极的固液电池 |
KR20210075678A (ko) * | 2019-12-13 | 2021-06-23 | 주식회사 엘지에너지솔루션 | 고상-액상 하이브리드 전해질 막, 이의 제조방법 및 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차 전지 |
CN111883823B (zh) | 2020-06-10 | 2021-10-26 | 华南理工大学 | 一种复合聚合物固态电解质材料及其制备方法和应用 |
CN112713301B (zh) * | 2020-12-31 | 2022-06-24 | 广东微电新能源有限公司 | 储能装置 |
KR20220105889A (ko) * | 2021-01-21 | 2022-07-28 | 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 | 리튬 이차전지용 전해질 및 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차전지 |
CN114976231A (zh) * | 2022-06-06 | 2022-08-30 | 中南大学 | 提升锂离子电池聚合物固态电解质离子电导率的方法及其制备的固态电解质、电池 |
WO2024049215A1 (ko) * | 2022-08-30 | 2024-03-07 | 주식회사 엘지에너지솔루션 | 전극, 전극 제조방법 및 상기 전극을 포함하는 리튬 이차전지 |
WO2024207179A1 (zh) * | 2023-04-04 | 2024-10-10 | 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 | 二次电池及其制备方法、用电装置 |
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CN110249469B (zh) | 2023-03-10 |
PL3509152T3 (pl) | 2023-06-05 |
JP2019530175A (ja) | 2019-10-17 |
HUE061991T2 (hu) | 2023-09-28 |
KR20180101043A (ko) | 2018-09-12 |
EP3509152A4 (en) | 2019-09-11 |
CN110249469A (zh) | 2019-09-17 |
WO2018159950A1 (ko) | 2018-09-07 |
EP3509152A1 (en) | 2019-07-10 |
ES2943584T3 (es) | 2023-06-14 |
EP3509152B1 (en) | 2023-04-05 |
US20210288349A1 (en) | 2021-09-16 |
US11935999B2 (en) | 2024-03-19 |
KR102148504B1 (ko) | 2020-08-26 |
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