JP6853713B2 - Wind lock mechanism - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to, for example, a wind lock mechanism provided in the seismic isolation layer of a building together with a seismic isolation device for immovably controlling the seismic isolation device when a wind load is applied.

For example, when a medium-to-high-rise building receives a huge earthquake, the weakest layer of the building is damaged and its yield strength begins to decrease, seismic energy (vibration energy) concentrates on this layer, causing layer collapse, and the other layers are sound. Even though the energy is secured, the phenomenon that the building collapses due to the layer collapse mode occurs. Moreover, even if the collapse does not occur, the damage to the weakest layer will be enormous, and it will be difficult to recover by repair.

On the other hand, as is well known, in buildings such as office buildings, public facilities, and apartment buildings, seismic isolation such as laminated rubber is used for the seismic isolation layer between the upper structure and the lower structure, such as between the building body and the foundation. In the event of an earthquake, the natural period of the superstructure is shifted from the predominant period zone of the seismic motion to the long period side, and the response acceleration is reduced to suppress the shaking.

On the other hand, in a seismic isolated building equipped with a seismic isolation layer, the greater the rigidity of the seismic isolation layer and the longer the period, the greater the effect of reducing the response during an earthquake. (If the seismic isolation layer is too soft), the building tends to shake due to the wind load, such as in strong winds.

For this reason, in a normal seismic isolation building / seismic isolation design, a seismic isolation device made of laminated rubber with a lead plug is used, or a lead damper or steel damper is used in combination with a seismic isolation device made of natural rubber laminated rubber. By making the yield strength larger than the wind load acting on the seismic isolation layer, shaking during strong winds is avoided.

However, measures to increase the yield strength of the seismic isolation layer by using laminated rubber with lead plugs or by using a damper together with the seismic isolation device naturally means increasing the equivalent rigidity of the seismic isolation building. Since it contradicts the lengthening of the period, the effect of reducing the response during an earthquake is reduced.

On the other hand, the wind is designed so that the seismic isolation layer is not deformed during strong winds (or small and medium-sized earthquakes), the equivalent rigidity is not increased too much, and the response reduction effect during large earthquakes due to the long period is not impaired. A locking mechanism has been proposed and put into practical use (see, for example, Patent Document 1).

Specifically, when a set load larger than the wind load acts, the shear pin that breaks due to the shearing force concludes the substructure and the superstructure of the seismic isolation building, and a mechanism that restrains the movement of the superstructure when the wind load acts (by the shear pin). Wind lock mechanism), a sensor that detects external forces such as wind and earthquakes, and actively controls the damping coefficient of the oil damper according to the magnitude of the external force (active control type oil damper with wind lock mechanism), approaching a typhoon / A shear pin (lock pin) that is manually inserted and removed according to passage, etc. is provided on the oil damper (oil damper with a passive wind lock mechanism), and the like has been proposed and put into practical use.

Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2004-176525

However, the wind lock mechanism by shear pin (and the oil damper with a passive wind lock mechanism) has an initial rigidity that is extremely close to rigidity until the lock load is reached.

For this reason, for ground motion input accelerations such as small and medium-sized earthquakes that act below the lock load, that is, within the range where the lock is not released, the acceleration is directly transmitted to the upper building side via the mechanism, compared to the case without the wind lock mechanism. In some cases, the response was increased. In addition, even in the case of a large earthquake, the acceleration is directly transmitted until the lock is released, so that the response tends to increase especially on the floor directly above where the device is installed and several layers above it.

Furthermore, in the wind lock mechanism using shear pins, the load is momentarily released when the lock is released due to shear failure of the shear pins, so that load is transmitted as an impact load to the upper structure side of the building, and the response acceleration is instantaneously transmitted. There is a problem of getting bigger.

Similarly, in the case of an oil damper with a passive wind lock mechanism, it is necessary to manually switch the lock function on and off, and there remains a question as to whether this work can always be performed depending on the situation.

In the case of an oil damper with an active control type wind lock mechanism, the wind lock function is not exhibited at all in the unlikely event of failure. Therefore, from the viewpoint of long-term durability and reliability of electrical parts, it is necessary to design in a fail-safe state in which it does not operate in case of failure.

In view of the above circumstances, the present invention preferably controls the movement of the lower structure and the upper structure under a wind load, and releases the movement control state at the time of an earthquake to exert the seismic isolation effect more reliably and effectively than before. It is an object of the present invention to provide a wind locking mechanism that enables.

To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following means.

The wind lock mechanism of the present invention is a wind lock mechanism provided in parallel with the seismic isolation device in the seismic isolation layer between the upper structure and the lower structure, and the wind is arranged in series between the upper structure and the lower structure. The wind lock mechanism main body is provided with a lock mechanism main body and an elastic spring, and the wind lock mechanism main body has a shaft spring device having a spring that expands and contracts in the vertical direction, and an axial direction is arranged in the vertical direction so that the lower end side is located. A shaft member that is connected to the lower structure via the shaft spring device and is urged upward by the shaft spring device, and a lower end portion are pin-coupled to the upper end portion of the shaft member to form the shaft spring. It is configured to include a bundle member which is arranged by pressing the upper end portion against the upper structure via the elastic spring portion by the urging force of the spring in the compressed state of the device acting through the shaft member. The elastic spring portion is provided with a fitting recess in which the upper end portion of the bundle member is fitted, the upper structure is displaced relative to the lower structure, and the bundle member is driven by the upper structure to form the shaft member. It is characterized in that it is configured to tilt at a predetermined angle with respect to the bundle member and to release the fitted state of the upper end portion of the bundle member.

According to the wind lock mechanism of the present invention, by providing the seismic isolation layer between the superstructure and the substructure, the superstructure can be automatically restrained or released without using external power, and when a wind load is applied, the superstructure can be automatically restrained or released. It is possible to appropriately control the movement of the superstructure and the lower structure, appropriately release the movement control state in the event of an earthquake, and exert the seismic isolation effect on the superstructure more reliably and effectively than before.

It is a figure which shows the wind lock mechanism which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention. It is a figure used in the description of the operation of the wind lock mechanism which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the element model of the wind lock mechanism which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the load deformation relation of each element model. It is a figure which shows the load deformation relation of the seismic isolation layer including each wind sway suppression element. It is a figure which shows the load deformation relation of each wind lock mechanism. It is a figure which shows the absolute acceleration response value when each wind lock mechanism is provided. It is a figure which shows the acceleration time history waveform of the floor just above the seismic isolation layer when each wind lock mechanism is provided. It is a figure which shows the interlayer deformation time history waveform of the seismic isolation layer when each wind lock mechanism is provided.

Hereinafter, the wind lock mechanism according to the embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 9.

As shown in FIG. 1, the wind locking mechanism (wind locking device) A of the present embodiment exempts the seismic isolation layer 3 between the superstructure 1 and the substructure 2 from laminated rubber or the like, such as between the building body and the foundation. It is installed in parallel with the seismic isolation device (not shown).

Then, the wind lock mechanism A moves so as not to deform the seismic isolation layer 3 during a strong wind or a small and medium-sized earthquake, that is, to prevent the superstructure 1 from being displaced relative to the substructure 2 during a strong wind or a small and medium-sized earthquake. To restrain and release the movement restraint in the event of a large earthquake to exert the seismic isolation performance of the superstructure 1 by the seismic isolation device, that is, to exert the response reduction effect of the superstructure 1 by lengthening the period in the event of a large earthquake. It is configured in.

Specifically, the wind lock mechanism A of the present embodiment is configured by connecting the wind lock mechanism main body 4 and the elastic spring 5 in series. Further, the elastic spring portion 4 of the present embodiment employs a laminated rubber body that is often used as a seismic isolation device or the like. The elastic spring portion 4 does not necessarily have to be a laminated rubber body as long as it is possible to obtain the effects described later.

Then, in the wind lock mechanism A of the present embodiment, the upper end portion is firmly fixed to the lower surface of the upper structure 1 and the elastic spring portion 5 is arranged, and between the lower surface of the elastic spring portion 5 and the upper surface of the lower structure 2. The wind lock mechanism main body 4 is arranged in the wind lock mechanism.

The wind lock mechanism main body 4 has a shaft spring device 6 provided with a spring 6a that expands and contracts in the vertical direction, and the axial direction is arranged in the vertical direction, and the lower end side is connected to the lower structure 2 via the shaft spring device 6. The shaft member 7 and the lower end portion of the shaft member 7 which is urged upward by the shaft spring device 6 are pin-coupled to the upper end portion of the shaft member 7 via the pin coupling portion 8 to bring the shaft spring device 6 into a compressed state. The main component is a bundle member 9 arranged so as to connect the upper end portion to the upper structure 1 via the elastic spring portion 5 by the urging force of the spring 6a acting through the shaft member 7. ..

In the present embodiment, the shaft member 7 and the bundle member 9 are each made of steel columnar members, and the pin coupling portion 8 is composed of a ball joint (spherical bearing and spherical seat). The pin coupling portion 8 allows the axis of the bundle member 9 to freely rotate / tilt at a predetermined angle (about 45 ° in the present embodiment) with respect to the axis extending in the vertical direction of the shaft member 7. As long as the bundle member 9 can be connected to the bundle member 9, it is not necessary to limit the configuration in particular. For example, instead of the ball joint, a universal joint may be used for the pin joint 8.

Further, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, on the lower surface of the laminated rubber body of the elastic spring portion 5, the bundle member 9 has its axis arranged coaxially with the axis of the shaft member 7, that is, the bundle member 9 The bundle member 9 is pressed toward the lower surface side of the elastic spring portion 5 by the urging force of the shaft spring device 6 in a state where the shaft member 7 is provided above the shaft member 7 in the vertical direction without being tilted. A fitting recess 10 is provided in which the upper end portion 9a is fitted and the bundle member 9 is held.

In the fitting recess 10, the upper structure 1 is displaced relative to the lower structure 2, the bundle member 9 is tilted at a predetermined angle with respect to the shaft member 7, and the upper end portion 9a of the bundle member 9 is in a fitted state. It is formed to be released.

Further, in the fitting recess 10, when the relative displacement amount of the superstructure 1 with respect to the lower structure 2 is within a range of a predetermined amount or less, the upper end portion 9a of the bundle member 9 is fitted into the fitting recess by the urging force of the shaft spring device 6. 10 is formed so as to press the superstructure 1 against the lower structure 2 in the direction of returning the upper structure 1 to the original position (in other words, to return to the origin) while controlling the deformation of the laminated rubber body of the elastic spring portion 5. ing.

Then, when the relative displacement amount of the upper structure 1 with respect to the lower structure 2 (deformation amount of the seismic isolation layer 3) exceeds a predetermined amount determined by the diameter of the bundle material and the deformation amount of the laminated rubber body, the bundle member 8 is completely inclined. The restoring force is lost, and the action of the wind lock mechanism A is released at this stage.

As a result, the wind lock mechanism A of the present embodiment is provided with a passive type unlocking mechanism that depends on the deformation of the seismic isolation layer 3, and the deformation of the seismic isolation layer 3 does not exceed the above-mentioned predetermined amount. Has a restoring force characteristic as a non-linear elasticity that always produces a restoring force, and if the deformation is less than that, it is pressed to return to the original position, and is configured so that no residual deformation occurs.

More specifically, first, FIGS. 2 (a) to 2 (d) show the operating principle of the wind lock mechanism A of the present embodiment. FIG. 2A is an initial state, FIG. 2B is a state of small deformation (a state in which only the laminated rubber body 5 is deformed), and FIG. 2C is a state of medium deformation (deformation and bundle of the laminated rubber body 5). A state in which the material 9 is tilted and deformed), and FIG. 2D shows a state in which the material 9 is largely deformed (a state in which the lock is released).

Here, the locking load P _h in the initial state of the elastic spring part (laminated rubber body) 5 is not inclined restored air lock mechanism can be expressed by _{P h = P v × b /} h. Incidentally, _{P h} is locked load, b is the radius of Tabazai 9 (1/2 width), h is the height of Tabazai 9, _{P v} is the pressing force of the vertical Tabazai 9.

FIG. 3 shows a simple element model of the tilt restoration wind locking mechanism A with an elastic spring of the present embodiment. Here, K _g represents the rigidity of the elastic spring portion (laminated rubber body) 5, and K _v represents the rigidity of the spring 6a (belleville spring) that applies a pressing force to the bundle member 9.

FIG. 4 shows the results of obtaining the load deformation relationship of the wind lock mechanism A using this model and the parameters in Table 1.
At this time, the spring 6a is a linear spring (linear disc spring 6a + laminated rubber body 5). For comparison, in the tilt restoration wind locking mechanism without the elastic spring portion 5, when the axial force is constant by using the disc spring in the non-linear region (constant axial force disc spring), and in the linear region, the disc spring is used. The load deformation relationship when used (linear disc spring) is also shown.

Further, the rigidity of the laminated rubber body acting as the elastic spring portion 5 in this example is higher than that of the other natural rubber-based laminated rubber supports of the seismic isolation layer 3, so that the rubber diameter is φ500 and the shear elasticity G8 (shear elasticity G8). It was assumed that the rubber layer thickness was about 15 mm at 0.8 N / mm ^2).

As shown in Tables 1, 2 and 4, the load deformation relationship of the tilt restoration wind lock mechanism using the constant axial force disc spring and the linear disc spring exerts the maximum horizontal resistance force (390 kN) from the initial state. On the other hand, the load deformation of the tilt restoring force wind locking mechanism A with an elastic spring of the present embodiment is the load deformation of the laminated rubber body 5 of FIG. 2 (b) from the initial state of FIG. 2 (a) until the lock load is reached. Elastic deformation precedes. As shown in FIG. 2C, the bundle member 9 inclines from there, and the horizontal resistance decreases. At this time, if a linear disc spring is used, it decreases in an arc. Finally, as shown in FIG. 2D, the lock is released and the horizontal resistance (restoring force) is lost.

Here, FIG. 5 shows four types (lead plug, shear pin, inclined restoration wind locking mechanism, inclined restoration wind with elastic spring of the present embodiment) for the purpose of suppressing wind sway in the seismic isolation layer 3 made of natural rubber-based laminated rubber. The load deformation relationship of the seismic isolation layer 3 of each case to which the element of the lock mechanism A) is added is shown. The yield load of the lead plug and shear pin is 4000 kN, and the unlocking load of the tilt restoration wind lock mechanism and the tilt restoration wind lock A with elastic spring is 3900 kN (for 10 units in Table 1).

Natural rubber consisting only of the base isolation layer stiffness _K e (= _40kN / mm) for the case of adding an elastic rubber with the inclined restore air lock mechanism A of the present invention isolation layer initial stiffness _K b (= _140kN / mm) is 3 It is 5.5 times.

That is, if it is within the range of the lock load, the deformation (sway width) of the seismic isolation layer 3 can be reduced to 1 / 3.5 with respect to the same wind load. Of course, it is possible to obtain an _{arbitrary initial rigidity K b} by selecting the rigidity of the elastic spring portion 5. If the designer wants to suppress the deformation due to the wind load, set this hard, and if the designer wants to reduce the seismic force more moderately, set it softly.

Next, in order to verify the superiority of the wind lock mechanism A of the present embodiment, Case 1: No wind lock mechanism, Case 2: Tilt restoration wind lock (constant axial force disc spring), Case 3: The present invention. Seismic response analysis was performed for the three cases of the tilt restoration wind lock mechanism with laminated rubber (constant axial force disc spring) A using the equivalent shear spring model (Table 2) of the multi-sided system, and the response acceleration and seismic isolation layer deformation were compared. ..

FIG. 6 is a response analysis result and shows the load deformation relationship of the wind lock mechanism of the case 2 and the case 3. As a result, it was confirmed that the initial rigidity of the case 3 which is the wind lock mechanism A of the present invention is lower than that of the case 2.

Next, FIG. 7 shows the maximum absolute acceleration response value.
Compared with the case 1 without the wind lock mechanism, the tilt restoration wind lock mechanism of the case 2 has an acceleration of more than 2.0 m / s ² in several layers directly above the seismic isolation layer 3, and is higher than the case 1 in all layers. The response acceleration is large, and the response increases approximately 1.5 times. On the other hand, in the case 3 tilt restoration wind locking mechanism with laminated rubber (invention) A, it was confirmed that the response acceleration was almost the same as that in the state without the wind locking mechanism, although the response increased by several percent. ..

Next, FIG. 8 shows an acceleration time history waveform directly above (top) the seismic isolation layer 3.
From FIG. 8, it was confirmed that in Case 3 according to the present invention, there was no increase in response until the lock was released.

Next, FIG. 9 shows the inter-story deformation time history waveform of the seismic isolation layer 3.
It was confirmed that the deformation of the case 2 and the case 3 was suppressed until the lock was released, as compared with the case 1 without the wind lock mechanism. In particular, a remarkable deformation suppressing effect was confirmed within 2 to 6 seconds.

Further, when the case 2 and the case 3 of the present invention were compared, it was confirmed that an excellent deformation suppressing effect could be obtained even when the elastic spring portions 5 were connected in series.

As a result, by connecting the elastic spring portion 5 in series with the tilt restoration wind lock mechanism main body portion 4, it is effective in suppressing the increase in the response acceleration and also in suppressing the deformation of the seismic isolation layer 3. It was proved that.

Therefore, in the wind lock mechanism A of the present embodiment, the effect of suppressing the deformation of the seismic isolation layer 3 against an external force such as a wind load is maintained, and the increase in response acceleration during small and medium-sized earthquakes and large earthquakes is more effective than before. It becomes possible to suppress it.

Therefore, according to the wind lock mechanism A of the present embodiment, by providing the seismic isolation layer 3 between the superstructure 1 and the substructure 2, the superstructure 1 is automatically restrained or released without using external power. It is possible to control the movement of the superstructure 1 and the substructure 2 appropriately at the time of wind load, release the movement control state at the time of an earthquake, and exert the seismic isolation effect on the superstructure more reliably and effectively than before. become.

Although one embodiment of the wind lock mechanism according to the present invention has been described above, the present invention is not limited to the above one embodiment and can be appropriately modified without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

1 Upper structure 2 Lower structure 3 Seismic isolation layer 4 Wind lock mechanism main body 5 Elastic spring part (laminated rubber body)
6 Shaft spring device 6a Spring 7 Shaft member 8 Pin coupling part 9 Bundle material 9a Upper end part 10 Fitting recess A Wind lock mechanism

Claims (1)

A wind lock mechanism installed in parallel with the seismic isolation device in the seismic isolation layer between the superstructure and the substructure.
It is configured to include a wind lock mechanism main body and an elastic spring that are arranged in series between the superstructure and the lower structure.
A shaft spring device in which the wind lock mechanism main body has a spring that expands and contracts in the vertical direction, and
A shaft member whose axial direction is arranged in the vertical direction and whose lower end side is connected to the lower structure via the shaft spring device and is urged upward by the shaft spring device.
The lower end portion is pin-coupled to the upper end portion of the shaft member, and the urging force of the spring in the compressed state of the shaft spring device acts through the shaft member, so that the upper end portion is connected to the upper end portion via the elastic spring portion. It is configured with a bundle that is arranged by pressing against .
The elastic spring portion is provided with a fitting recess in which the upper end portion of the bundle member is fitted.
The upper structure is displaced relative to the lower structure, the bundle member is tilted at a predetermined angle with respect to the shaft member in accordance with the upper structure, and the fitting state of the upper end portion of the bundle member is released. A wind lock mechanism characterized by being configured to be.

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