JP6718880B2 - 体積を削減した海水電解セル及び海水電解セルの製造方法 - Google Patents
体積を削減した海水電解セル及び海水電解セルの製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6718880B2 JP6718880B2 JP2017541663A JP2017541663A JP6718880B2 JP 6718880 B2 JP6718880 B2 JP 6718880B2 JP 2017541663 A JP2017541663 A JP 2017541663A JP 2017541663 A JP2017541663 A JP 2017541663A JP 6718880 B2 JP6718880 B2 JP 6718880B2
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- anode
- cathode
- seawater electrolysis
- electrode
- electrolysis cell
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Classifications
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- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
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- C25B1/01—Products
- C25B1/24—Halogens or compounds thereof
- C25B1/26—Chlorine; Compounds thereof
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
- C02F1/461—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis
- C02F1/46104—Devices therefor; Their operating or servicing
- C02F1/46109—Electrodes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
- C02F1/461—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis
- C02F1/46104—Devices therefor; Their operating or servicing
- C02F1/4618—Devices therefor; Their operating or servicing for producing "ionised" acidic or basic water
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
- C02F1/461—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis
- C02F1/467—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis by electrochemical disinfection; by electrooxydation or by electroreduction
- C02F1/4672—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis by electrochemical disinfection; by electrooxydation or by electroreduction by electrooxydation
- C02F1/4674—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis by electrochemical disinfection; by electrooxydation or by electroreduction by electrooxydation with halogen or compound of halogens, e.g. chlorine, bromine
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
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- C25B11/02—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by shape or form
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- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
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- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
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- C25B11/093—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the electrocatalyst material consisting of at least one catalytic element and at least one catalytic compound; consisting of two or more catalytic elements or catalytic compounds at least one noble metal or noble metal oxide and at least one non-noble metal oxide
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- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
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- C25B9/17—Cells comprising dimensionally-stable non-movable electrodes; Assemblies of constructional parts thereof
- C25B9/19—Cells comprising dimensionally-stable non-movable electrodes; Assemblies of constructional parts thereof with diaphragms
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/18—Regenerative fuel cells, e.g. redox flow batteries or secondary fuel cells
- H01M8/184—Regeneration by electrochemical means
- H01M8/188—Regeneration by electrochemical means by recharging of redox couples containing fluids; Redox flow type batteries
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/08—Seawater, e.g. for desalination
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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Description
この出願は、35USC§119(e)に基づいた、2015年2月17日出願の米国特許仮出願第62/116,979号(発明の名称“ELECTROCHLORINATION CELLS WITH SPIRAL ELECTRODES AND METHODS OF MANUFACTURING SAME”)及び2015年5月6日出願の米国特許仮出願第62/157,504号(発明の名称“ELECTROCHLORINATION CELLS WITH MULTI-TUBE ELECTRODES AND METHODS OF MANUFACTURING SAME”)の優先権を主張するものである。これら出願のそれぞれの全内容をあらゆる目的のために参照により本明細書に援用する。
本明細書で開示する態様及び実施形態は一般に、電気化学装置に向けたものであり、より具体的には海水電解セル及び装置、海水電解セル及び装置を製作する方法並びに海水電解セル及び装置を利用するシステムに向けたものである。
電極における化学反応に基づいた電気化学装置が産業的に及び都市的に広く使用されている。反応の例には、以下のものが含まれる。
陽極における反応:2Cl−→Cl2+2e−
陰極における反応:2Na++2H2O+2e−→2NaOH+H2
溶液における反応:2Cl2+2OH−→ClO−+Cl−+H2O
全体的な反応:NaCl+H2O→NaOCl+H2
陽極における反応:2Cl−→Cl2+2e−
陰極における反応:2H2O+2e−→2OH−+H2
全体的な反応:NaCl+2H2O→2NaOH+Cl2+H2
充電中
第1電極における反応:V3++e−→V2+
第2電極における反応:V4+→V5++e−
放電中
第1電極における反応:V2+→V3++e−
第2電極における反応:V5++e−→V4+
1.マルチチューブ海水電解セルで、従来のCTE設計と比較した場合に、ユニット体積あたりの活性陽極表面積をより大きくすることができる。言い換えれば、充填密度をより高くすることができる。
2.マルチチューブ設計で達成されるより広い陽極表面積に従って、電流を電極に流したときに、比例してより高い次亜塩素酸ナトリウムの生産高が測定された。
3.より高い充填密度/マルチチューブ海水電解セルからのより高い次亜塩素酸ナトリウムの生産高によって、この設計のPPE海水電解セルに対する競争力を酸洗浄の欠点を持つことなく高めることができる。
Claims (48)
- 入口、出口及び中心軸線を有するハウジングと、
前記ハウジング内に前記中心軸線の周りに同心に配置される陽極−陰極の組であり、前記陽極−陰極の組の陽極及び陰極の間に活性領域を定める、少なくとも1つの陽極−陰極の組と、
を備える、海水電解セルであり、
前記海水電解セルの最内の陽極−陰極の組に配置され、前記中心軸線を通る流体の流れを妨げるように構成され、前記陽極−陰極の組の少なくとも1つの電極から非接続である非導電性中心コア要素を更に備え、
前記陽極及び前記陰極の少なくとも一方の活性表面積が、前記ハウジングの内面の表面積よりも広い表面積を持ち、
前記少なくとも1つの陽極−陰極の組が、前記海水電解セルを通過する全ての流体を、前記活性領域を通って軸線方向に導くように構成され配置される、海水電解セル。 - 少なくとも2mm−1の全体電極充填密度を有する、請求項1に記載の海水電解セル。
- 前記陽極−陰極の組が前記中心軸線の周りに渦巻状に存在する、請求項1に記載の海水電解セル。
- 1つ以上の渦巻状の双極電極を更に備える、請求項3に記載の海水電解セル。
- 前記陽極は前記陰極から前記海水電解セルの丈に沿って横方向にずれる、請求項4に記載の海水電解セル。
- 前記陽極及び前記陰極の少なくとも一方は硬性電極である、請求項3に記載の海水電解セル。
- 前記陽極及び前記陰極はそれぞれ、チタン、ニッケル及びアルミニウムの1つ以上を含む、請求項6に記載の海水電解セル。
- 前記陽極の表面が、白金、混合金属酸化物、磁鉄鉱、フェライト、コバルトスピネル、タンタル、パラジウム、イリジウム、金及び銀から構成される群から選択される酸化防止コーティングで被覆される、請求項6に記載の海水電解セル。
- 前記陽極及び前記陰極の少なくとも一方は流体透過性である、請求項7に記載の海水電解セル。
- 前記陽極と前記陰極との間の隙間を維持するように構成されるセパレータを更に備え、前記セパレータは前記活性領域を通る電解質溶液の流れに開かれている、請求項3に記載の海水電解セル。
- 前記セパレータは、前記陽極及び前記陰極の少なくとも一方の縁と係合する溝を含むスポークを有するハブを含む、請求項10に記載の海水電解セル。
- 前記ハブは、前記陽極及び前記陰極の前記一方を電流源に電気的に接続するように構成される電気コネクタを更に含む、請求項11に記載の海水電解セル。
- 前記陽極及び前記陰極の一方と電気的に接触するスポークを含むハブを更に備える、請求項3に記載の海水電解セル。
- 前記スポークは、前記陽極及び前記陰極の前記一方の縁に係合するとともに渦巻状の前記陽極−陰極の組の一巻きの間の隙間を維持する溝を含む、請求項13に記載の海水電解セル。
- 前記中心コア要素は、前記陽極−陰極の組の最内巻線内に配置される非導電性コアを含む、請求項3に記載の海水電解セル。
- 前記陽極−陰極の組は、複数の同心の電極チューブと、隣接する電極チューブの間に画定される隙間と、を含む、請求項1に記載の海水電解セル。
- 前記複数の同心の電極チューブは、複数の陽極電極チューブ及び複数の陰極電極チューブの一方を含む、請求項16に記載の海水電解セル。
- 前記複数の陽極電極チューブ及び前記複数の陰極電極チューブの一方は硬性電極である、請求項17に記載の海水電解セル。
- 前記複数の同心の電極チューブは、複数の陽極電極チューブ及び複数の陰極電極チューブを含む、請求項17に記載の海水電解セル。
- 電流を、陽極電極チューブから電解質溶液を通って陰極電極チューブまで単一の経路で流せるように構成される、請求項17に記載の海水電解セル。
- 陽極電極チューブと陰極電極チューブとの間に配置された双極電極チューブを更に備える、請求項17に記載の海水電解セル。
- 陽極半部と陰極半部とを含む電極チューブを更に備える、請求項21に記載の海水電解セル。
- 複数の双極電極チューブを更に備え、前記複数の双極電極チューブは、それぞれと同心に配置された、陽極半部と陰極半部とを有する電極チューブの隣接する組の間に配置される、請求項21に記載の海水電解セル。
- 複数の陽極電極チューブ及び複数の陰極電極チューブの少なくとも一方は流体透過性である、請求項21に記載の海水電解セル。
- 隣接する電極チューブの間に位置付けられた少なくとも1つのセパレータを更に備え、前記少なくとも1つのセパレータは前記隣接する電極チューブの間に隙間を画定し維持するように構成される、請求項16に記載の海水電解セル。
- 前記セパレータは、前記隣接する電極チューブの間に画定された隙間を通る電解質溶液
の流れに開かれている、請求項25に記載の海水電解セル。 - 複数の前記同心の電極チューブの縁に電気的に結合されたスポークを含む金属ハブを更に備える、請求項16に記載の海水電解セル。
- それぞれのスポークは、前記複数の同心の電極チューブの前記縁に係合するとともに前記複数の同心の電極チューブの隣接する電極チューブの間の隙間を維持する溝を含む、請求項27に記載の海水電解セル。
- 中心コア要素は、前記海水電解セルの同心の最内チューブ電極の端部に配置された端部キャップを含む、請求項16に記載の海水電解セル。
- 角丸長方形状の断面を有する、請求項1に記載の海水電解セル。
- 前記陽極及び前記陰極の一方と電気的に接続する電気コネクタを更に備え、前記電気コネクタは、電解質溶液による化学腐食に対する異なる抵抗度を有する少なくとも2つの材料を含む、請求項1に記載の海水電解セル。
- 前記少なくとも2つの材料は第1材料と第2材料とを含み、前記電気コネクタは前記第1材料で作られた流体透過性本体を含む、請求項31に記載の海水電解セル。
- 前記第1材料で作られた前記流体透過性本体に、1つ以上の機械的留め具によって結合された前記第2材料のプレートを備える、請求項32に記載の海水電解セル。
- 前記第1材料で作られた前記流体透過性本体に、圧縮ばめによって結合された前記第2材料のプレートを備える、請求項32に記載の海水電解セル。
- 前記第1材料で作られた前記流体透過性本体に、前記第1材料で作られた前記流体透過性本体の縁に形成されたネジによって結合された前記第2材料のプレートを備える、請求項32に記載の海水電解セル。
- 前記第1材料で作られた前記流体透過性本体に、前記第2材料で作られた前記本体の円柱部分に形成されたネジによって結合された前記第2材料で作られた本体を含む、請求項32に記載の海水電解セル。
- 前記第1材料で作られた前記流体透過性本体に溶接された、前記第2材料で作られた本体を含む、請求項32に記載の海水電解セル。
- 請求項1に記載の海水電解セルと、
前記海水電解セルと流体連通する、電解質の供給源であり、前記海水電解セルは、前記電解質の供給源からの電解質から1つ以上の反応生成物を生成するとともに前記1つ以上の反応生成物を産出するように構成される、電解質の供給源と、
前記海水電解セルによって産出される前記1つ以上の反応生成物の使用地点と、
を含むシステム。 - 前記1つ以上の反応生成物は消毒剤を含む、請求項38に記載のシステム。
- 前記消毒剤は次亜塩素酸ナトリウムを含む、請求項39に記載のシステム。
- 電解質の前記供給源は海水を含む、請求項38に記載のシステム。
- 船及び石油プラットフォームの一方に含まれる、請求項39に記載のシステム。
- 前記使用地点は、冷却水システム及びバラストタンクの一方を含む、請求項40に記載のシステム。
- 前記システムは陸上石油掘削システムに含まれ、前記使用地点は前記石油掘削システムのダウンホールである、請求項38に記載のシステム。
- 中心軸線を含むハウジング内に配置された陰極及び陽極を備える海水電解セルであり、
前記海水電解セルの最内の陽極−陰極の組に配置され、前記中心軸線を通る流体の流れを妨げるように構成され、前記陽極−陰極の組の少なくとも1つの電極から非接続である非導電性中心コア要素を備え、
前記陰極及び前記陽極は、前記陰極及び前記陽極の間に隙間を画定し、
前記陰極及び前記陽極のそれぞれは弓状部を含み、
前記陽極の活性表面積は、前記ハウジングの内面の表面積より広く、
前記陰極の活性表面積は、前記ハウジングの内面の表面積より広く、
前記陽極及び前記陰極は、前記海水電解セルを通過する全ての流体を、前記隙間を通って軸線方向に導くように構成され配置される、海水電解セル。 - 前記陽極は、弓状ベースから延在する複数のプレートを含み、
前記陰極は、弓状ベースから延在する複数のプレートを含み、
前記陽極の前記複数のプレートは、前記陰極の前記複数のプレートと交互に積層される、請求項45に記載の海水電解セル。 - 中心軸線を含むハウジング内に配置される陰極及び陽極を備える海水電解セルであり、
前記海水電解セルの最内の陽極−陰極の組に配置され、前記中心軸線を通る流体の流れを妨げるように構成され、前記陽極−陰極の組の少なくとも1つの電極から非接続である非導電性中心コア要素を更に備え、
前記陰極及び前記陽極は、前記陰極及び前記陽極の間に隙間を画定し、
前記陰極及び前記陽極のそれぞれは、前記ハウジングの内面の別の部分に適合する部分を含み、
前記陽極の活性表面積は、前記ハウジングの内面の表面積より広く、
前記陰極の活性表面積は、前記ハウジングの内面の表面積より広く、
前記陽極及び前記陰極は、前記海水電解セルを通過する全ての流体を、前記隙間を通って軸線方向に導くように構成され配置される、海水電解セル。 - 前記陽極及び前記陰極の少なくとも一方は波型部を含む、請求項47に記載の海水電解セル。
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