JP6766144B2 - 吸収性構造体 - Google Patents
吸収性構造体 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6766144B2 JP6766144B2 JP2018521588A JP2018521588A JP6766144B2 JP 6766144 B2 JP6766144 B2 JP 6766144B2 JP 2018521588 A JP2018521588 A JP 2018521588A JP 2018521588 A JP2018521588 A JP 2018521588A JP 6766144 B2 JP6766144 B2 JP 6766144B2
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- fibers
- absorbent
- absorbent structure
- foam
- capillary
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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- A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
- A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
- A61F13/53—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium
- A61F2013/530802—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium characterized by the foam or sponge other than superabsorbent
- A61F2013/53081—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium characterized by the foam or sponge other than superabsorbent with special pore dimension or arrangement
- A61F2013/530817—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium characterized by the foam or sponge other than superabsorbent with special pore dimension or arrangement being open cells
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Description
本発明は、可撓性であり、使用中にその弾力性を維持する吸収性構造体に関する。吸収性構造体は、トレードオフ(CWPt−o)境界に沿って定量される毛管作用ポテンシャルを超える毛管作用ポテンシャル(CWP)を示す単一階層である。
1H.K.Dahle,M.A.Celia,S.M.Hassanizadeh,Transport Porous Med.2005,58:5〜22
式中εは、得られる構造体の多孔率であり、これは束中の毛管数及び試料の容積と関連する。
式(17) CWP>CWPt−o
高毛管吸引力のPMを高透過性の基材に組み込み、また2つの材料の間に連続的なトランジションゾーン(TZ)を提供することにより、我々は、その性質のために、透過性が非常に低く(挙動が流れ材料に対する最大抵抗によって支配される)かつ毛管吸引力が高い領域内のトレードオフ曲線上に自然に位置する不均質構造体を得る。
B.吸収性構造体は、包囲可能要素と、連続気泡フォームの1つ以上の部分とを含む、不均質塊を含む、パラグラフAに記載の吸収性構造体。
C.吸収性構造体は、100mJ/m2〜10,000mJ/m2の毛管作用ポテンシャル、及び9.9×10−12m2〜9.9×10−9m2(10ダルシー〜10,000ダルシー)の透過率を示す、パラグラフA又はBに記載の吸収性構造体。
D.吸収性構造体は、1,000mJ/m2〜10,000mJ/m2の毛管作用ポテンシャル、及び9.9×10−12m2〜9.9×10−9m2(10ダルシー〜10,000ダルシー)の透過率を示す、パラグラフA〜Cのいずれか一項に記載の吸収性構造体。
E.吸収性構造体は、1,000mJ/m2〜10,000mJ/m2の毛管作用ポテンシャル、及び9.9×10−12m2〜9.9×10−10m2(10ダルシー〜1,000ダルシー)の透過率を示す、パラグラフA〜Dのいずれか一項に記載の吸収性構造体。
F.不均質塊は、一定体積に対して少なくとも5%の離散した連続気泡フォーム部分を含む、パラグラフBに記載の吸収性構造体。
G.吸収性構造体は、30容積%未満の繊維を含む、パラグラフBに記載の吸収性構造体。
H.パラグラフA〜Gのいずれか一項に記載の吸収性構造体を含む吸収性物品。
I.包囲可能要素は、捲縮セルロース塊、毛羽立ちセルロース繊維、エアフェルトとしても知られる木材パルプ繊維、織物繊維、合成繊維、レーヨン繊維、エアレイド、吸収性繊維、熱可塑性微粒子又は繊維、3成分繊維、2成分繊維、タフト、及びこれらの組み合わせからなる群から選択される、パラグラフBに記載の吸収性構造体。
J.単一階層は、所定の毛管作用ポテンシャルに対する毛管作用ポテンシャルのトレードオフ境界を超える透過率を示す、パラグラフA〜Iのいずれか一項に記載の吸収性構造体。
多孔質材料は、様々な形状及び寸法の有効細孔及び隔離細孔からなる。有効細孔は、相互連結して、最終的に構造体の表面に到達するものである。これらは、所与の多孔質媒体の吸収能力に寄与する細孔である。隔離細孔は、固体によって完全に包囲されるため、吸収特性に直接寄与することのできないものである。細孔容積分布法は、所与の圧力で細孔に侵入する流体量を直接測定することによって有効細孔の推定多孔率及び孔径分布を間接的に測定する方法である。
直径9cm、0.22μmの薄膜フィルタ(混合セルロースエステル、Millipore GSWP(Millipore Corp.(Billerica MA))を、KRYLON(登録商標)スプレー式塗料(FilmTools Gloss White Spray Paint #1501)を使用して、フィルタを直径9cm、厚さ0.6cmのMonel多孔質フリット807(Mott Corp(CT)から入手可能)に接着させることによって、取る。使用前にフリット/膜を乾燥させる。
累積容積(mm3/mg)=[試験片流体取り込み(mg)−ブランク液体取り込み(mg)]/ヘキサデカンの密度(g/cm3)/試料質量(mg)
下降水頭(Falling Hydro Head)(FHH)透過性試験は、土壌、地下水、及び吸収性材料などの多孔質媒体の透過性を評価するために広く用いられている単純な試験である。方法では、液体のカラム(既知の初期高さの)が多孔質媒体を通って移動する速度が測定される。下降水頭透過性値(k)は、飽和透水係数(K)から計算され、これは流体が試料内の孔隙を通って移動し得る容易さを説明する。
評価対象である物品又は材料の層を平面構成で表面上に平らに置き、ダイカッターを用いて、直径30mmの円形の試料を切り抜く。試験前に約2時間かけて約23℃±2℃及び約50%±2%の相対湿度で試料を調整する。全ての試験は、同一条件下で実施されなければならない。実質的に同様の物品又は材料の層から試験のために10の複製試料を調製する。
試験装置は、内径138.2mm、高さ20cmのプレキシガラス管からなる円筒形カラムである。基部は、中央を直径30mmの凹み開口部で封止する。凹み開口部の基部は、試験中に試料を支持するが、流体の流れを有意には干渉しない多孔質のステンレス鋼製フリットを含有する。流体が試料を通って流れるのみに制限されるように、環状の重りを用いて試験中は試料の外周部を封止する。環状の重りは、リザーバの基部で凹み開口部内にフィットするように、内径開口部が26mmであり、外形が30mmである。試験中は、円筒形リザーバの頂部に取り付けられた、コンピュータにインターフェース接続されて実験中に経時的なデータ記録を可能にする超音波高さ測定器などの、水柱の高さを正確に測定するための手段が必要である。フリットの下にある流れ遮断弁は、リザーバを流体で充填してから、続いて試験中に開放することを可能にする。
切り抜いた試料をフリット上に平らに置き、環状重りを試料の頂部に載せる。弁を閉鎖位置にして、リザーバに脱イオン水を15cmの高さまで慎重に充填する。試料が流体で十分に飽和するまで5分間待つ。0.1秒毎の測定速度で、0.001mm単位で高さデータの記録を開始する。弁を開放して、試料を通して流体を流し始める。データの収集を十分な期間続けて、経時的な水柱高さデータの線形出力を生成する。この手順を10の複製試料の全てに繰り返す。
実験中に収集された高さ対時間のデータを用いて、各後高さ(H2)で割った初期高さ(H1)対時間の自然対数をプロットする。この線の勾配を計算する。この勾配を用い、以下の式を用いて飽和透水係数(K)を計算する:
K=(aL/At)ln(H1/H2)
式中、aはカラムの断面積であり(m2)、Lは飽和した材料のキャリパ(m)であり、Aは流れに利用可能な試料の断面積であり(m2)、tは時間であり(s)、H1は初期水柱高さであり、H2は時間(t)における水柱高さである。
k=Kμ/pg
k/9.87*10−13=ダルシー
式中、Kは透水係数であり(m/s)、pは流体密度であり(kg/m3)、gは重力による加速であり(m/s2)、μは流体粘度(Pa*s)である。
パンチ容量試験法は、流体の試料への取り込みを試験する。試料は、流体供給源の上にある上載せ式天秤から吊り下げられたバスケットの底部で、目の荒いメッシュスクリーンによって支持されている。試験は、流体メニスカスを試料の中央と接触させて毛管吸上を開始させることによって開始される。吸上作用(取り込み)は、試料が飽和(平衡容量)に達するか、又は試験が中断されるか若しくはプリセットした時間で停止されるまで継続する。コンピュータのプログラムによってデータ点(即ち、重さ及び時間)が収集され分析される。結果を、経時的な取り込み速度としてグラム/秒単位で(プロットされる)、平衡容量を試料1グラム当たり流体のグラム数単位で報告する。
試験の少なくとも2時間前に、全ての標準及び試料を制御された温度及び湿度に対して平衡化する(実験室で23±2℃(73±4°F)の温度、50±4%相対湿度(R.H.)に調整された一定温度及び湿度)。
試験パッドをポリ袋/紙箱及び折畳み(F&W)パウチから取り出す。剥離紙(RP)を所定の位置に置き、試料を「現状のまま(as is)」に切り取り、接着剤がバスケットにくっつくのを防ぐために流体の充填中に剥離紙を所定の位置に残す。注記:一部の試料はF&W及びRPを一体の片として有する。この場合、F&Wパウチを開き、F&W/RPを所定の位置に残して試料を切り取る。
・面積:長さ(L)cm×幅(W)cm=面積cm2
・坪量:乾燥重量g/面積cm2
・密度:乾燥重量g/面積cm2*キャリパcm
1.予秤量された(乾燥)最終製品試料パンチを、試料ホルダバスケットの中央部の、バスケット底部の開口部全体に(トップシート側を下にして)置く。バスケットの頂部を所定の位置にスナップ嵌めして、試料バスケットのいずれかの端部上で2つのロックを用いてロックする。
2.試料バスケットを天秤の底部から吊るす。
3.所望の拘束圧(0.41kPa又は1.72kPa(0.06psi又は0.25psi)荷重)の静止重り(static weight)を試料の頂部に置いて試料を完全に被覆し、続いてバスケットの頂部上で気泡管水平器(level bubbles)をガイドとして使用して試料バスケットを水平にする。
4.下部リザーバに試験流体を充填し、蠕動ポンプを始動させることで、流体をHGWシステム全体に再循環させ、かつ(懸濁)試験流体を分離させないようにする。ポンプの流速を約「2」の設定に設定して、必要に応じて速度を上下に調整して、流体を過剰に撹拌するのを防ぎ、流体が上部リザーバ、及び流体投入システムに通じる全ての管を完全に充填できるようにする。必要に応じて、より多くの試験流体を上部リザーバ容器から下部リザーバへと慎重に添加して(流体はオーバーフロー菅を通って下部リザーバに流入する)、試料を試験する間、システムが充満された状態を維持する。
5.上部リザーバのマイクロスライド調節具を用いて、試験流体のメニスカスが流体送達管の先端開口部の上端から約5mm下にあるようにする。
6.HGW天秤を風袋計量する。
7.ラボジャッキを用いて、流体投入カラムの管先端部を、これが試料バスケットのスクリーン開口部の下で中心揃えされるように持ち上げ、間隙距離を、スクリーンの開口部で露出されている試料のトップシート表面から約3mmに設定する。
8.上部リザーバのマイクロスライド調節具を用いて、試験流体のメニスカスが試料にブリッジする(接触する)ように、メニスカスを調節する。流体送達カラムの先端、又は空気、及び流体送達管がバスケット上で止まってしまわないように、又はバスケットが試験開始前に風袋計量されないように、必要に応じて位置を再調節して、チェックする。次に、天秤を再度風袋計量してエラーを解消する。
9.PC上でBalanceLinkソフトウェア、及びExcelスプレッドシートのテンプレートを起動する。テンプレート上の試験説明データ入力フィールドを全て記入する(試料の説明、オペレータの氏名、データなど)。スプレッドシートのテンプレート上で、0回目の試料の取り込み重量増加をキャプチャするための第1のデータセルにカーソルを挿入する。
10.プリセットした「ホットキー」(例えば[PrntScrn]又は[F6])を使用してBalanceLinkデータロガーを開始し、取り込みデータを取得する。
11.メニスカスの流体ブリッジングを引き続き監視して、試料の湿潤崩壊又は膨潤のために試料が流体送達先端部に接触しないようにし、また、バスケット又は任意の管が試験期間中に所定の位置の外に移動しないようにする。もし移動又は接触を始めたならば、慎重に高さ又はバスケットの位置を再調節する。
第1試料の「開く」を実行して、平衡容量に達するのに必要な時間を判定する。注記:原材料及び試験パッドのパンチ試験は実行に〜5分から30分を要する。試験対象の物質に応じて、一部の試料では実行により長い時間がかかる場合がある。
12.平衡容量に達したら(スプレッドシート上の速度カラムに、3つ以上の連続する0.01グラムの取り込み速度の結果を記入する)、「ホットキー」を用いてデータ取得を停止する。空気の供給を停止するか、又は拘束重りを取り除くかして、試料をバスケットから取り除く。
13.上のせ式天秤を用いて試料の重量増加を検査して記録する(湿潤−乾燥重量=重量増加又は平衡容量)。次の試料を開始する。
14.4cm×4cmのAhlstrom 989濾紙からなる7層の積層体を予秤量する。
15.第1回目再湿潤:予秤量したピックアップ紙を飽和した試料の上部に載せ、1.72(0.25psi)の静止重り又は空気圧適用デバイスのいずれかを用いて、1.72kPa(0.25psi)の荷重を30秒間加える。30秒の期間が終了した時点で、濾紙積層体を取り出して再秤量し、湿潤ピックアップ紙重量(g)から乾燥ピックアップ紙重量(g)を引いた差を計算して、トップシートを通して再湿潤する(絞り出された)流体の量を決定する。
この「絞り出し量」を1.72kPa(0.25psi)荷重での再湿潤として報告する。
16.第2の新しいAhlstrom 989ピックアップ紙からなる7層の積層体を予秤量する。
17.第2回目連続再湿潤:ピックアップ紙積層体を飽和した試料の上部に載せて、6.9kPa(1.0psi)の静止重り又は空気圧適用デバイスのいずれかを用いて、6.9kPa(1.0psi)の荷重を15秒間加える。15秒の期間が終了した時点で、濾紙積層体を取り出して再秤量し、湿潤ピックアップ紙重量(g)から乾燥ピックアップ紙重量(g)を引いた差を計算して、トップシートを通して再湿潤する(絞り出された)流体の量を決定する。
この「絞り出し量」を6.9kPa(1.0psi)荷重での再湿潤として報告する。
18.1.72kPa及び6.9kPa(0.25psi及び1.0psi)の連続吸い取りを実施した後にパッドを秤量して、試料の保持容量(g)を決定する。湿潤パッド重量から乾燥パッド重量(g)を引いて、試料の保持容量(g)を決定する。
これを保持容量として報告して、結果を0.01g単位で示す。
Claims (8)
- 単一階層を含む吸収性構造体であって、前記単一階層は1つ以上の包囲可能要素および前記1つ以上の包囲可能要素と絡み合っている一つ以上の離散した連続気泡フォーム部分を含む不均質塊であり、
前記包囲可能要素は、捲縮セルロース塊、毛羽立ちセルロース繊維、エアフェルトとしても知られる木材パルプ繊維、織物繊維、合成繊維、レーヨン繊維、エアレイド、吸収性繊維、熱可塑性微粒子又は繊維、3成分繊維、2成分繊維、タフト、及びこれらの組み合わせからなる群から選択され、
前記連続気泡フォーム部分は、高内相エマルションによって形成されており、
前記単一階層は、所定の透過率において毛管作用ポテンシャルのトレードオフ境界を超える毛管作用ポテンシャルを示し、
前記単一階層は、所定の毛管作用ポテンシャルに対する毛管作用ポテンシャルのトレードオフ境界を超える透過率を示す、吸収性構造体。 - 前記吸収性構造体は、100mJ/m2〜10,000mJ/m2の毛管作用ポテンシャル、及び9.9×10−12m2〜9.9×10−9m2(10ダルシー〜10,000ダルシー)の透過率を示す、請求項1に記載の吸収性構造体。
- 前記吸収性構造体は、1,000mJ/m2〜10,000mJ/m2の毛管作用ポテンシャル、及び9.9×10−12m2〜9.9×10−9m2(10ダルシー〜10,000ダルシー)の透過率を示す、請求項1または2に記載の吸収性構造体。
- 前記吸収性構造体は、1,000mJ/m2〜10,000mJ/m2の毛管作用ポテンシャル、及び9.9×10−12m2〜9.9×10−10m2(10ダルシー〜1,000ダルシー)の透過率を示す、請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載の吸収性構造体。
- 前記不均質塊は、一定体積に対して少なくとも5%の離散した連続気泡フォーム部分を含む、請求項1〜4のいずれか一項に記載の吸収性構造体。
- 前記吸収性構造体は、0容積%超かつ30容積%未満の包囲可能要素を含む、請求項1〜5のいずれか一項に記載の吸収性構造体。
- 請求項1〜6のいずれか一項に記載の吸収性構造体を含む吸収性物品。
- 前記不均質塊は、前記不均質塊の鉛直面の断面において連続的でない、請求項1〜6のいずれか一項に記載の吸収性構造体。
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ES2983474T3 (es) | 2024-10-23 |
EP3370784B1 (en) | 2024-06-12 |
US10729592B2 (en) | 2020-08-04 |
CN108348634A (zh) | 2018-07-31 |
HUE066955T2 (hu) | 2024-09-28 |
WO2017079586A1 (en) | 2017-05-11 |
BR112018009124A2 (pt) | 2018-11-06 |
US20170119588A1 (en) | 2017-05-04 |
EP3370784A1 (en) | 2018-09-12 |
MX2018005607A (es) | 2018-11-09 |
CN108348634B (zh) | 2021-07-13 |
BR112018009124A8 (pt) | 2019-02-26 |
RU2693630C1 (ru) | 2019-07-03 |
JP2018531730A (ja) | 2018-11-01 |
CA3004463A1 (en) | 2017-05-11 |
IL258975A (en) | 2018-06-28 |
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