JP6619562B2 - 非水電解質二次電池 - Google Patents
非水電解質二次電池 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6619562B2 JP6619562B2 JP2015089117A JP2015089117A JP6619562B2 JP 6619562 B2 JP6619562 B2 JP 6619562B2 JP 2015089117 A JP2015089117 A JP 2015089117A JP 2015089117 A JP2015089117 A JP 2015089117A JP 6619562 B2 JP6619562 B2 JP 6619562B2
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- positive electrode
- active material
- negative electrode
- electrode active
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Description
正極集電体と該正極集電体上に形成された正極活物質層を含む正極と、
負極集電体と該負極集電体上に形成された負極活物質層を含む負極と、
前記正極と前記負極の間のセパレータと、
電解液と、ラミネートフィルム外装容器と、を含み、
前記正極と前記セパレータと前記負極を含む電極体が前記ラミネートフィルム外装容器に収容されたラミネート外装電池であって、
前記正極活物質層は、層状結晶構造を有するリチウムニッケルコバルトマンガン系複合酸化物の1次粒子が集合してなる2次粒子を含み、
前記1次粒子の断面積が1.50μm2以下であり、
前記層状結晶構造の格子定数cが14.240Å以下である、非水電解質二次電池が提供される。
正極活物質層は、正極活物質および結着剤(バインダー)を含み、さらに導電助剤やその他の添加剤を含むことができる。
NCM系正極活物質の層状結晶構造の格子定数cは、14.226Å以上が好ましく、一方14.240Å以下が好ましい。
なお、ここでいう単位格子体積の数値は、下記式で計算される値である。
Li1−XNiaCobMncO2 (1)
(式中、xは0≦x≦1を満たし、aは0.4≦a≦0.8を満たし、bは0.1≦b≦0.4を満たし、cは0.1≦c≦0.5を満たす。)
で示されるものが好ましい。
負極活物質層は、正極活物質および結着剤(バインダー)を含み、さらに導電助剤やその他の添加剤を含むことができる。
対向する一対の正極活物質層と負極活物質層について、正極活物質層の単位面積あたりの充電容量CCと負極活物質層の単位面積あたりの充電容量CAの比(CA/CC)は、リチウムの析出を防止する観点から1以上が好ましく、1.1以上がより好ましい。一方、余剰の負極活物質を減らす観点から1.3以下が好ましい。ここで、単位面積とは、正極活物質層については負極活物質層に対向する面の単位面積、負極活物質については正極活物質に対向する面の単位面積をいう。
本発明の実施形態による二次電池に好適な電解液としては、例えば、有機溶媒にリチウム塩が溶解した非水電解液を用いることができる。
NiSO4・6H2O(和光純薬社製)、MnSO4・5H2O(関東化学社製)、CoSO4・7H2O(関東化学社製)を用いて所定の元素比の前駆体を形成した。その後、その前駆体とLi2Co3(本荘ケミカル社製)とを混合し、600〜900℃で12〜48時間焼成した。得られた焼結体を粉砕して、その後50μmメッシュの篩にかけて粉砕物から粗粒を除去し、NCM系正極活物質の粉末を得た。
正極を以下のように作製した。上記の調製方法により、NCM系正極活物質(Li1−XNiaCobMncO2において、x=0、a=0.5、b=0.2、c=0.3)の粉末を調製した。この正極活物質に、結着剤としてポリフッ化ビニリデンと、導電助剤としてカーボンブラック粉末とを所定の割合で添加した。この混合物を、溶媒であるN−メチル−2−ピロリドン(NMP)中に均一に分散させてスラリーを作製した。得られたスラリーを、正極集電体となる厚み20μmのアルミニウム箔上に塗布した後NMPを蒸発させることにより正極集電体の片面上に正極活物質層を形成した。正極活物質層(集電体片面に形成された層)中の結着剤の含有量は4質量%であった。同様に正極集電体の他方の面にも正極活物質層を形成した。その後、正極活物質層をプレスすることによって、目的の正極板を得た。プレス後の正極活物質層の膜厚は52μm(片面側の厚み)、膜密度は3.2(g/cm3)、空孔率24%であった。
NCM系正極活物質として、表1に示す1次粒子面積、格子定数a、格子定数cを有するもの調製して用いた以外は、実施例1と同様にして電池を作製した。
NCM系正極活物質として、表1に示す1次粒子面積、格子定数a、格子定数cを有するものを調製して用いた以外は、実施例1と同様にして電池を作製した。
NCM系正極活物質として、表1に示す1次粒子面積、格子定数a、格子定数cを有するものを調製して用いた以外は、実施例1と同様にして電池を作製した。
55℃に保持した恒温槽において、電池の温度を55℃にした後、1C又は0.2Cの電流レートで4.15Vまで定電流充電(CC)し、その後、定電圧(CV)でトータル2.5時間充電した。10分間休止した後、1C又は0.2Cの電流レートで3.0Vまで放電を行い、10分間休止した。これを1サイクルとして充放電サイクル試験を行った。初回の放電容量に対する500サイクル後の放電容量を容量維持率(%)とした。実施例および比較例の電池について上記に従って充放電試験を行い、容量維持率を求めた。結果を表1に示す。
NCM系正極活物質の一次粒子面積は、電子顕微鏡(KEYENCE社製、商品名:VE-9800)を用いて、以下の通り断面観察を行って測定した。
まず、NCM系正極活物質粒子を含む電極をイオンミリング装置(日立ハイテクノロジーズ社製、商品名:E3500)を用いて断面を出して測定試料を準備した。次に、この測定試料を顕微鏡で観測して断面画像を画像処理ソフトウエアに取り込み、1次粒子の断面の面積を画像情報処理によって計算した。具体的には下記のように行った。測定試料を上記電子顕微鏡により倍率5000倍で観測し、NCM系正極活物質粒子の断面画像を記録した。この記録した断面画像を画像処理ソフトウェアImageJを用いて、NCM系正極活物質粒子の1次粒子面積を求めた(ランダムに30個の2次粒子を選択し、各2次粒子に含まれる個々の1次粒子の面積を求め、2次粒子30個分の平均値を算出した)。
超えて大きすぎると(比較例1)、容量維持率が実施例1、2に対して大きく低下していることが分かる。また、実施例1〜2と比較例2を対比すると明らかな通り、格子定数cが14.240Åを超えて大きすぎると(あるいはさらに単位格子体積が101.60Å3を超えると)(比較例2)、容量維持率が実施例1、2に対して大きく低下していることが分かる。実施例の評価結果が示す通り、正極活物質として、特定の1次粒子面積および格子定数(あるいはさらに特定の単位格子体積)を有するNCM系正極活物質を用いることにより、サイクル特性を改善できることが分かる。
2 正極端子
3 負極端子
4 発電要素
5 外装体
41 正極板
41a 正極集電体
41b,41c 正極活物質層
42 負極板
42a 負極集電体
42b,42c 負極活物質層
43 セパレータ
51 熱融着層
52 金属層
53 保護層
Claims (4)
- 正極集電体と該正極集電体上に形成された正極活物質層を含む正極と、
負極集電体と該負極集電体上に形成された負極活物質層を含む負極と、
前記正極と前記負極の間のセパレータと、
電解液と、
ラミネートフィルム外装容器と、を含み、
前記正極と前記セパレータと前記負極を含む電極体が前記ラミネートフィルム外装容器に収容されたラミネート外装電池であって、
前記正極活物質層は、層状結晶構造を有するリチウムニッケルコバルトマンガン系複合酸化物の1次粒子が集合してなる2次粒子を含み、
前記1次粒子の断面積が0.30μm 2 以上であり、
前記1次粒子の断面積が1.50μm2以下であり、
前記層状結晶構造の格子定数cが14.240Å以下であり、
前記層状結晶構造の単位格子体積が101.20Å 3 以上であり、
前記層状結晶構造の単位格子体積が101.60Å 3 以下である、非水電解質二次電池。 - 前記層状結晶構造の格子定数cが14.226Å以上である、請求項1に記載の非水電解質二次電池。
- 前記リチウムニッケルコバルトマンガン系複合酸化物は、下記式(1):
Li1−XNiaCobMncO2 (1)
(式中、xは0≦x≦1を満たし、aは0.4≦a≦0.8を満たし、bは0.1≦b≦0.4を満たし、cは0.1≦c≦0.5を満たす。)
で示される、請求項1又は2に記載の非水電解質二次電池。 - 前記電極体は、前記正極として正極平板、前記負極としての負極平板を含む、請求項1から3のいずれか一項に記載の非水電解質二次電池。
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Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
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R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
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R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |